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United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service North Central Research Station Resource Bulletin Pulpwood Production in the North-Central Region, 2003 Ronald J. Piva NC-251 North Central Research Station Forest Service—U.S. Department of Agriculture 1992 Folwell Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 2005 www.ncrs.fs.fed.us TABLE OF CONTENTS Lake States ................................................................................................3 Production ..............................................................................................3 Receipts ................................................................................................11 Industry Trends and Analysis ................................................................13 Central States..........................................................................................19 Production ............................................................................................19 Receipts ................................................................................................22 Industry Trends and Analysis ................................................................22 Plains States ............................................................................................23 Production ............................................................................................23 Appendix ..................................................................................................24 Conversion Factors Used in the North-Central Region ........................24 Table Titles ..............................................................................................25 Tables ......................................................................................................27 Pulpwood Production in the North–Central Region, 2003 Ronald J. Piva NOTE: This report includes all primary products made from reconstituted wood fiber. In addition to wood pulp, this includes particleboard and engineered lumber products made from chips, shavings, wafers, flakes, strands, and sawdust. This report presents the production of the raw fiber material delivered to mills. Thus, these data report only that portion of the timber harvest used as raw material and do not necessarily reflect the volume of growing stock harvested. About the Author: Ronald J. Piva, Forester, received a B.S. in forest management from the University of Missouri-Columbia. He joined the Forest Service in 1987 and has been working with the North Central Station’s Forest Inventory and Analysis unit since. Pulpwood constitutes more than half the industrial timber products harvested annually in the Lake States (Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin) and is an important product in the Central States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri) and the Plains States (Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota). Current detailed information about pulpwood production1 is necessary for intelligent planning and decisionmaking in wood procurement, forest resource management, forest industry development, and scientific studies. Since 1979, logs, bolts, and wood residue used in manufacturing flakeboard, waferboard, oriented strandboard, and medium density fiberboard have been included in this annual report. Engineered lumber was first included in this report in 1992. Together, these products are called particleboard, and all mills manufacturing these boards are called particleboard mills in this report. Wood used at particleboard mills is identical or nearly identical to wood used at pulp mills; therefore, including this wood in our study provides a more accurate estimate of demand for pulpwood-like material. Particleboard mills were in their infancy before 1979 and used primarily aspen and wood residue. Therefore, data for these mills do not distort roundwood use trends for other species or preclude comparing 2003 survey results with those of 1978 and previous years. Pulp and particleboard mills using timber from the North Central States in 2003 reported their pulpwood receipts2 by species group and county of origin. 1 Pulpwood production, determined from mill receipts, is the annual volume of pulpwood cut, plus the annual wood residue volume produced by sawmills, veneer mills, etc. used for pulp, particleboard, waferboard, oriented strandboard, medium density fiberboard, or engineered lumber. 2 Pulpwood receipts are the volumes of wood received by mills in a specific State or region, regardless of the geographic source. 1 This report presents the results of the survey, analyzes the data, compares results with those of 2002 and earlier years, and discusses trends in pulpwood production and use. The Lake States, Central States, and Plains States are discussed separately because the timber types in each area are different, the flow of wood between the areas is nominal, and more detailed data on pulpwood production and receipts in the Central and Plains States might reveal the operations of individual mills. This is the 45th annual report of the pulpwood harvest in Lake States counties, the 44th annual report of the Central States harvest, and the 11th report of the pulpwood harvest in the Plains States. Several mills purchase their pulpwood based on weight rather than volume. Factors used to convert green tons of pulpwood to standard cord equivalents are shown in the appendix. When new surveys are completed, errors and omissions from previous surveys are corrected. As a result of our ongoing efforts to improve the survey’s efficiency and reliability, changes may have been made to the previous survey’s data. All comparisons and analysis in this report are based on the reprocessed data from earlier surveys, which may not match earlier published data. 2 LAKE STATES PRODUCTION • Pulpwood production in the Lake States rose from 9.4 million cords3 in 2002 to 9.5 million cords in 2003, an increase of only 1 percent. Overall, 90 percent came from roundwood (including chips from roundwood) and 10 percent came from the residue4 of wood-using plants (fig. 1). • Hardwood material—both roundwood and residues—constituted 77 percent of the total pulpwood production. • Aspen remained the dominant species harvested for pulpwood in the Lake States in 2003, with 3.6 million cords, or 43 percent of the total roundwood. Other important species harvested for pulpwood in 2003 were soft maple (931 thousand cords), hard maple (782 thousand cords), Sprucefir 7% white birch (554 thousand cords), jack pine (428 thousand cords), and red pine (348 thousand cords) (table 1). • Softwood roundwood production increased by 2 percent, from 1.6 million cords in 2002 to 1.7 million cords in 2003. Pulpwood production from softwood residues increased by 6 percent to 454 thousand cords in 2003 (fig. 2). Residues 10% Figure 1.—Lake States pulpwood production by species group and residues, 2003. Aspen 38% Pine 9% Other softwoods 2% Other hardwoods 9% Maple 18% Birch 7% 2002 500 2003 Thousand standard cords 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Jack pine Red pine Balsam fir Spruce Hemlock White pine Tamarack N. whitecedar Softwood residues Figure 2.—Softwood pulpwood production in the Lake States, 2002-2003. Softwood species 3 All references to cords are in standard cords. A standard cord is 128 cubic feet of wood, bark, and air space. 4 Residue is the byproduct from sawmills, veneer mills, cooperage mills, and other wood-using mills that is used for pulping and particleboard. Residue includes slabs, edgings, veneer cores, sawdust, fines, woodflour, and chips manufactured from slabs, edgings, and veneer cores. 3 • Hardwood roundwood production remained at the 2002 level of 6.8 million cords. From 2002 to 2003, pulpwood production from hardwood residue increased by 3 percent (fig. 3). • Whole-tree chip5 (WTC) production, at 561 thousand cords, made up 6 percent of the total pulpwood production in the Lake States in 2003. Compared to 2002 production levels, hardwood WTC production in 2003 decreased by almost 20 percent while softwood WTC production decreased by only 1 percent (fig. 4). • Aspen was the predominant species used in WTC in 2003 with 211 thousand cords or 38 percent of the total WTC production. Jack pine, at 67 thousand cords, was the predominant softwood species used in WTC in 2003 and accounted for 12 percent of the total WTC production. • Michigan was the major producer of WTC in the Lake States in 2003 with 410 thousand cords (73 percent of the WTC production) (fig. 5). Thousand standard cords Figure 3.—Hardwood pulpwood production in the Lake States, 2002-2003. 2002 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Aspen Soft maple Hard maple White birch Red oak 2003 Balsam poplar Basswood Ash Other hardwoods Hardwood residues Hardwood species Thousand standard cords Figure 4.—Whole-tree chip production in the Lake States, 1999-2003. Aspen 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1999 Maples Other hardwoods Softwoods 2000 2001 2002 2003 Year 5 Pulpwood produced from chipping entire trees (all portions of the trees above ground, except the stumps). 4 Aspen Maples Other hardwoods Softwoods 160 Thousand standard cords 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Figure 5.—Whole-tree chip production by State in the Lake States, 2003. State Aspen 1,000 Maples Other hardwoods Pine Other softwoods Residues Thousand standard cords 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Figure 6.—Michigan pulpwood production by species group and residues, 1999-2003. Year Michigan • The total output of wood material for pulpwood production in Michigan increased by 3 percent, from 2.9 million cords in 2002 to 3.0 million cords in 2003 (fig. 6 and table 2). • Roundwood production for pulpwood increased by 2 percent between 2002 and 2003 (table 3). • The Western Upper Peninsula remained the top pulpwood-producing region in the State in 2003 with 38 percent of the total roundwood harvested (fig. 7 and tables 4 and 5). • From 2002 to 2003, roundwood pulpwood production increased by 12 percent in the Southern Lower Peninsula, by 5 percent in the Northern Lower Peninsula, and by 2 percent in the Western Upper Peninsula; it decreased by 4 percent in the Eastern Upper Peninsula. • The production of pulpwood from residues generated in Michigan increased by 9 percent, from 448 thousand cords in 2002 to 490 thousand cords in 2003. Minnesota • Pulpwood production decreased by 2 percent between 2002 and 2003, a decrease of 57 thousand cords (fig. 8). • Hardwoods accounted for over three-fourths of the total pulpwood produced in 2003. • Ninety-six percent of the pulpwood produced in Minnesota in 2003 came from roundwood. 5 Thousand standard cords Figure 7.—Michigan roundwood pulpwood production by Forest Survey Unit and species groups, 2003. Aspen 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 E. Upper Peninsula Maples Other hardwoods Pine Other softwoods W. Upper Peninsula N. Lower Peninsula S. Lower Peninsula Forest Survey Unit Thousand standard cords Figure 8.—Minnesota pulpwood production by species group and residues, 1999-2003. Aspen 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 1999 Other hardwoods Spruce-fir Other softwoods Residues 2000 2001 2002 2003 Year Thousand standard cords Figure 9.—Minnesota roundwood pulpwood production by Forest Survey Unit and species group, 2003. Aspen 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Aspen-Birch Other hardwoods Spruce-fir Other softwoods Northern Pine Central Hardwoods Prairie Forest Survey Unit • The Northern Pine and the Aspen-Birch Forest Survey Units were the top pulpwood-producing roundwood regions in the State in 2003 with 1.3 million cords and 1.2 million cords, respectively (fig. 9 and table 6). • Aspen accounted for 63 percent of all the roundwood harvested for pulpwood in Minnesota in 2003. • From 2002 to 2003, residues generated in Minnesota and used for pulpwood production increased by 19 percent. 6 Wisconsin • Pulpwood production in Wisconsin increased by 64 thousand cords between 2002 and 2003, an increase of 2 percent (fig. 10). • Hardwood material accounted for 77 percent of the total pulpwood production in 2003. • Roundwood harvested for pulpwood accounted for almost 90 percent of the pulpwood produced in 2003. • The Northwestern Forest Survey Unit remained the top producer of roundwood for pulping in the State with 1.3 million cords (fig. 11 and table 7). • Wood residues produced in Wisconsin and used for pulpwood production decreased by 6 percent between 2002 and 2003. Harvesting Intensity • In the following figures, the distribution of the harvest is shown in two ways: first, the amount of pulpwood cut relative to the growing-stock volume in each of five major pulpwood species (fig. 12); second, the amount of pulpwood relative to commercial timberland area (fig. 13). Aspen 1,200 Maples Other hardwoods Pine Other softwoods Residues Thousand standard cords 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Figure 10.—Wisconsin pulpwood production by species group and residues, 1999-2003. Year Aspen 600 Maples Other hardwoods Pine Other softwoods 500 Thousand standard cords 400 Figure 11.—Wisconsin roundwood pulpwood production by Forest Survey Unit and species group, 2003. 300 200 100 0 Northeastern Northwestern Central Southwestern Southeastern Forest Survey Unit 7 Figure 12.—Cords of roundwood pulpwood (including chips from roundwood) harvested per 1,000 cords of growing-stock volume for each of five principal pulpwood species by Forest Survey Unit, 2003. Growing-stock volume was determined during the last forest inventory for each State. Northern Pine 16 Aspen-Birch 17 Western Upper Peninsula 24 Northeastern 53 Northern Lower Peninsula 27 Southeastern 32 Central Hardwoods 18 Prairie >100 Northwestern 41 Eastern Upper Peninsula 15 Central 61 Minnesota Southwestern 40 Wisconsin Southern Lower Peninsula 13 Jack Pine Michigan Northern Pine 3 Aspen-Birch 4 Western Upper Peninsula 5 Northeastern 9 Northern Lower Peninsula <1 Southeastern 38 Central Hardwoods 5 Prairie <1 Northwestern 8 Eastern Upper Peninsula 7 Central 29 Minnesota Southwestern 29 Wisconsin Southern Lower Peninsula <1 Red Pine Michigan 8 Northern Pine 45 Aspen-Birch 35 Western Upper Peninsula 36 Northeastern 34 Northern Lower Peninsula 22 Southeastern 7 Central Hardwoods 28 Prairie 50 Northwestern 36 Eastern Upper Peninsula 33 Central 41 Minnesota Southwestern 4 Wisconsin Southern Lower Peninsula 7 Aspen Michigan Northern Pine 15 Aspen-Birch 14 Western Upper Peninsula 10 Northeastern 27 Northern Lower Peninsula 10 Southeastern 3 Central Hardwoods 12 Prairie >100 Northwestern 26 Eastern Upper Peninsula 11 Central 24 Minnesota Southwestern 2 Wisconsin Southern Lower Peninsula 2 Birches Michigan 9 Northern Pine 6 Aspen-Birch 11 Western Upper Peninsula 9 Northeastern 18 Northern Lower Peninsula 8 Southeastern 2 Central Hardwoods 3 Prairie <1 Northwestern 18 Eastern Upper Peninsula 12 Central 13 Minnesota Southwestern 2 Wisconsin Southern Lower Peninsula 2 Maple Michigan 10 Figure 13.—Cords of pulpwood cut per 1,000 acres of timberland by county, 2003. Acres of timberland (stocking of trees greater than 10 percent) were determined during the last inventory in each State. Locations of active pulp and particleboard mills are shown. 11 Pulpwood harvesting was most intensive (100,000 cords or more) in the following Forest Survey Units by species: Species Red pine Spruce Aspen State Wisconsin Minnesota Michigan Forest Survey Unit Central Aspen-Birch N. Lower Peninsula, W. Upper Peninsula, E. Upper Peninsula Minnesota Northern Pine, Aspen-Birch, Central Hardwoods Wisconsin Northwestern, Northeastern, Central White birch Minnesota Wisconsin Aspen-Birch Northwestern W. Upper Peninsula, E. Upper Peninsula Northeastern, Northwestern N. Lower Peninsula, W. Upper Peninsula, E. Upper Peninsula Hard maple Michigan Wisconsin Soft maple Michigan Wisconsin Northwestern, Northeastern RECEIPTS • In 2003, 29 wood pulp and 15 particleboard mills in the Lake States acquired 9.9 million cords of pulpwood, just 14 thousand cords less than the year before. • Aspen roundwood was processed at 35 of the 44 pulp and particleboard plants in the Lake States in 2003 (fig. 14 and table 8). • In 2003, Michigan supplied wood to 32 mills, Wisconsin supplied 31 mills, and Minnesota supplied 25 mills. 12 Figure 14.—Numbers of industrial plants in the Lake States using a particular species or residue for pulping and particleboard, 2002-2003. 2002 Hardwood residues Softwood residues Other hardwoods Oak Balsam poplar 2003 Species Ash Maples Birches Aspen Other softwoods Pine Spruce-fir 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Number of mills • Total imports from outside the Lake States of all wood material in 2003 were 469 thousand cords, a decrease of 19 percent from 2002. Canada contributed 97 percent of the total import receipts. • Imports of roundwood to Lake States pulp and particleboard mills decreased by 3 percent, while mill residue imports decreased by over 60 percent between 2002 and 2003. Michigan • The seven Michigan pulp mills, three OSB mills, one particleboard mill, and one molded strandwood mill consumed over 3.0 million cords in 2003, 3 percent more than in the previous year. Twelve percent of the total wood material consumed was imported from out of State. Wisconsin supplied over three-fourths of the imported wood material. Minnesota • The eight pulp mills, five OSB mills, and one laminated structural lumber mill in Minnesota reported consuming 3.4 million cords in 2003, a decrease of 4 percent from 2002. Pulp and particleboard mills in Minnesota acquired 19 percent of their raw material from out-of-State sources. Wisconsin supplied 55 percent of the imported wood material. Wisconsin • The 14 pulp mills, 2 OSB mills, and 2 particleboard mills in Wisconsin consumed 3.5 million cords in 2003, an increase of 1 percent from 2002. Sixteen percent of the total receipts were imported from out of State. Of the total wood material imported, 45 percent was brought in from Michigan. 13 INDUSTRY TRENDS AND ANALYSIS Pulp Mills For this section, pulp mill products include wood fiber products such as paper, paperboard, hardboard, insulation board, and medium-density fiberboard. All of these products are manufactured from wood that has been reduced to individual fibers, small fiber bundles, or fiber parts that are subsequently formed into a mat. Wood material from the Lake States sent to mills in other States and Canada is included. • Of the 9.5 million cords of pulpwood produced in the Lake States in 2003, 6.7 million cords (70 percent) were used for wood pulp products. Overall, 87 percent came from roundwood and 13 percent came from mill residues. • Principal species harvested for pulp in the Lake States in 2003 were aspen (1.6 million cords), soft maple (824 thousand cords), hard maple (751 thousand cords), and white birch (405 thousand cords) (fig. 15). • Hardwoods were still the mainstays of the pulp mills in the region in 2003: hardwood roundwood contributed 65 percent of total raw material needs and hardwood residues supplied another 7 percent. • Lake States softwood roundwood production for pulp mills decreased by 1 percent between 2002 and 2003. Softwood residues from the Lake States primary wood processors used by pulp mills increased by almost 9 percent from the previous year. • Average daily wood pulp production in 2003 rose to 14.7 thousand tons of pulp per day, up from 14.6 thousand tons per day for the previous year (table 9). • Lake States pulpwood production for pulp mills during 1999-2003 is shown in table A. Aspen Maples Other hardwoods Pine Spruce-fir Other softwoods Residues 2,500 Thousand standard cords 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 1999 2000 2001 Year 2002 2003 Figure 15.—Pulpwood production in the Lake States for pulp by species group and residues, 1999-2003. 14 Table A.—Lake States pulpwood production for pulp mills during 1999-2003 Product form and species group Production 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -(Thousand cords)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - Roundwood Softwoods Aspen Other hardwoods Residue Total 1,599 1,981 2,232 867 6,680 1,674 2,057 2,385 852 6,968 1,658 1,707 2,320 804 6,488 1,500 1,854 2,573 825 6,753 1,480 1,588 2,744 880 6,693 Michigan • Pulpwood production for wood pulp was 2.1 million cords in 2003, an increase of 1 percent from 2002. • Soft maple, hard maple, and aspen were the major pulpwood species groups harvested in the State in 2003. All together, these three species groups accounted for over 60 percent of the total roundwood harvested. • Michigan mills imported 233 thousand cords of pulpwood, or 12 percent of the wood material used for the production of wood pulp by Michigan wood pulp mills. Michigan exported almost 290 thousand cords to wood pulp mills in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Canada. • Michigan mills used almost 1.7 million cords of hardwood material in 2003, an increase of 2 percent from 2002. The use of softwood material decreased by almost 5 percent to 369 thousand cords during the same period. Minnesota • Pulpwood production for wood pulp totaled 1.6 million cords in 2003, a decrease of almost 8 percent from 2002. • In 2003, aspen remained the predominant species harvested in the State with almost 668 thousand cords, or 47 percent of the total roundwood produced. Other major species harvested were spruce with 217 thousand cords and balsam fir with 160 thousand cords. • Mills in Minnesota imported 535 thousand cords of wood material for pulp products, or 27 percent of the wood material used for the production of wood pulp. Minnesota exported 124 thousand cords to pulp mills in Wisconsin and 10 thousand cords to pulp mills in Canada. • Minnesota mills had a 10-percent decrease in the use of hardwood material, from 1.6 million cords in 2002 to 1.4 million cords in 2003. The use of softwood material decreased by only 1 percent to 553 thousand cords in 2003. 15 Wisconsin • Pulpwood production for wood pulp products increased by 1 percent, to 3.0 million cords in 2003. • Aspen was the main species harvested with 597 thousand cords. Other major species harvested were hard maple (418 thousand cords), soft maple (390 thousand cords), red pine (264 thousand cords), white birch (227 thousand cords), and jack pine (192 thousand cords). • Wisconsin mills imported almost 450 thousand cords of pulpwood: 238 thousand cords from Michigan, 124 thousand cords from Minnesota, 3 thousand cords from other States, and 84 thousand cords from Canada. Wisconsin exported 354 thousand cords to Minnesota, 224 thousand cords to Michigan, and 4 thousand cords to other States. • Wisconsin pulp mills used 3 percent more hardwood material and 4 percent less softwood material in 2003 than in 2002. Particleboard Mills Particleboard is a generic term for a panel manufactured from lignocellulosic material—commonly wood—essentially in the form of particles (as distinct from fibers). These materials are bonded together with synthetic resin or other suitable binder under heat and pressure by a process wherein the inter-particle bonds are created wholly by the added binder. Other materials may have been added during manufacture to improve certain properties. The many types of particleboard differ greatly in regard to size and geometry of the particle, the amount of resin (adhesive) used, and the density to which the panel is pressed. Products included in the particleboard group include particleboard, waferboard, oriented strandboard (OSB), and engineered lumber. The major types of particles used for particleboard are shavings, flakes, wafers, chips, sawdust, strands, slivers, and wood wool (excelsior). Much of the particleboard in the U.S. is made from residues (shavings, sawdust, or chips). Waferboard, OSB, and engineered lumber are examples of products requiring that the particles be cut from solid wood (saw logs or pulpwood). Wood material from the Lake States sent to mills in other States and Canada is included. • The Lake States produced 2.8 million cords of pulpwood in 2003 for particleboard products, up 6 percent from 2002. • Twelve of the fifteen mills in the particleboard category were OSB or engineered wood product mills that require particles to be cut from roundwood. Hence, for every cord of pulpwood used in 16 particleboard manufacture, 96 percent came from roundwood. • Principal species harvested for particleboard products were aspen (2.1 million cords), white birch (148 thousand cords), jack pine (147 thousand cords), and soft maple (106 thousand cords) (fig. 16). Thousand standard cords Figure 16.—Pulpwood production for particleboard in the Lake States, 1999-2003. Aspen 2,500 Other hardwoods Softwoods Residues 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Year • In 2003, the Lake States produced 204 thousand cords of softwood roundwood and 2.5 million cords of hardwood roundwood for processing at particleboard plants. Roundwood production for the manufacture of particleboard products rose by almost 7 percent between 2002 and 2003. All the roundwood that was harvested in the Lake States for particleboard production stayed in the region. • The Lake States in 2003 produced 43 thousand cords of softwood residues and 70 thousand cords of hardwood residues for use in particleboard production. Between 2002 and 2003, the use of residues for particleboard production decreased by 13 percent. • Annual production at Lake States particleboard plants rose from 2,015 million square feet 3/4-inch basis in 2002 to 2,125 million square feet 3/4-inch basis in 2003 (table 10). • Lake States pulpwood production for particleboard mills during 1999-2003 is shown in table B. Table B.—Lake States pulpwood production for particleboard mills during 1999-2003 Product form and species group Production 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -(Thousand cords)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - Roundwood Softwoods Aspen Other hardwoods Residue Total 152 2,139 380 205 2,876 160 1,939 374 156 2,628 174 1,880 396 108 2,558 149 1,938 431 129 2,647 204 2,058 426 113 2,801 17 Michigan • The production of wood material for particleboard production in Michigan increased by 7 percent from 2002 to 2003, rising from 832 thousand cords in 2002 to 891 thousand cords in 2003. • In 2003, the harvest of roundwood from Michigan forest land provided 837 thousand cords of wood for particleboard products, of which 112 thousand cords were softwoods and 724 thousand cords were hardwoods. Residues from Michigan primary wood-using mills provided another 53 thousand cords of wood material that were used to produce particleboard products. • The particleboard mills in Michigan imported 55 thousand cords from Canada and 50 thousand cords from Wisconsin. Exports of all wood material for particleboard production amounted to 9 thousand cords, all of which went to Wisconsin. Minnesota • The production of roundwood for particleboard production in Minnesota increased by almost 6 percent from 2002 to 2003, rising from 1.3 million cords in 2002 to 1.4 million cords in 2003. In 2003, there were no residues from primary wood-using mills in Minnesota that were used in particleboard mills. • Minnesota accounted for nearly half of all the wood material produced in the Lake States for particleboard plants in 2003. Aspen was the predominant species harvested (1.1 million cords) for particleboard production. White birch, at 119 thousand cords, was the second most important species harvested. • The particleboard mills in Minnesota imported 111 thousand cords from Canada and 3 thousand cords from Wisconsin and North Dakota combined. In 2003, raw materials exported from the State for particleboard manufacturing totaled 67 thousand cords, all of which went to Wisconsin. Wisconsin • The production of wood material for particleboard production in Wisconsin increased by 4 percent from 2002 to 2003, rising from 495 thousand cords in 2002 to 516 thousand cords in 2003. • In 2003, Wisconsin forest land produced 456 thousand cords of roundwood for particleboard manufacturing, of which 16 thousand cords were softwood and 441 thousand cords were hardwood. Wisconsin primary wood-processing mills provided an additional 60 thousand cords of plant byproducts to the particleboard industry. • The mills in Wisconsin imported almost 105 thousand cords of wood for particleboard manufacturing: 67 thousand cords from Minnesota, 29 thousand cords from Canada, and 9 thousand cords from Michigan. Wisconsin exported 50 thousand cords to Michigan particleboard mills and 2 thousand cords to Minnesota particleboard mills in 2003. 18 Industry News Major mill expansion, new construction, consolidations, name changes, and closures are as follows: • Mead Corp. and Westvaco Corp. merged in January of 2002. Hence, the Mead Corp. mill at Escanaba, MI, changed to the combined company name of MeadWestvaco Corp. • Cornell Felt Acquisition of Beloit bought the Globe Building Materials plant at Cornell, WI, in January 2001. Mule-Hide Dry Felt Manufacturing, a subsidiary of ABC Supply Co. in Beloit, leased and began operating the plant in March 2002. • Sappi Fine Papers purchased the Potlatch pulp mill in Cloquet, MN, in May 2002. The mill’s name was changed to Sappi Cloquet, LLC. • The Stora Enso North America mill at Kimberly, WI, switched from processing roundwood to market pulp in 2003. 19 CENTRAL STATES PRODUCTION • Pulpwood production in the Central States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri) increased by 8 percent—from 427 thousand cords in 2002 to 462 thousand cords in 2003. • Pulpwood production from residues from primary wood-processing mills in the Central States increased by almost 14 percent while pulpwood production from roundwood decreased by less than 1 percent. • Wood residues accounted for more than two-thirds of the total wood material produced in the Central States for the pulp and particleboard industry in 2003 (table 11). • Pulpwood production from softwood roundwood increased by 60 percent from 2002 to 2003, soft hardwood7 roundwood production increased by 22 percent, and Residues Hard hardwoods hard hardwood8 production decreased by 7 percent (table 12 and fig. 17). • Exports of roundwood and residues from the Central States in 2003 accounted for 77 percent of all wood material produced in the region for pulpwood production. Roundwood exports totaled 121 thousand cords, and the export of residues from other wood-using mills totaled 237 thousand cords. • Loggers harvested pulpwood in 15 counties in Illinois, 13 counties in Indiana, 3 counties in Iowa, and 16 counties in Missouri (fig. 18). • Pulpwood production from whole-tree chips increased by 17 percent between 2002 and 2003. The 28 thousand cords of whole-tree chips made up 19 percent of the total roundwood produced in the Central States in 2003. Soft hardwoods Softwoods 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Thousand standard cords Figure 17.—Pulpwood production in the Central States, 19992003. Year 7 Hardwood species with an average specific gravity of 0.50 or less. 8 Hardwood species with an average specific gravity greater than 0.50. 20 Illinois • Illinois does not have any primary wood pulp or particleboard mills; consequently, all pulpwood harvested and residues produced by primary wood-processing mills, which are utilized by pulp or particleboard mills, are shipped to plants outside the State. • Illinois produced 44 thousand cords of pulpwood in 2003, a decrease of 25 percent from the previous year (table 13). • Illinois produced the second largest volume of pulpwood roundwood in the Central States in 2003, supplying 21 percent of the total roundwood production in the region. Pulpwood production from residues accounted for only 4 percent of the total residue production. Overall, Illinois contributed 10 percent of the total pulpwood produced in the Central States in 2003 (fig. 19). 21 22 Figure 18.—Production of pulpwood from roundwood (including chips from roundwood) in the Central States by county, in standard cords, 2003. Locations of active Central States pulp mills are shown. Thousand standard cords Figure 19.—Central States pulpwood production by species group and residues, 2003. Residues 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Illinois Hard hardwood Soft hardwood Softwood Indiana Iowa Missouri State Indiana • Pulpwood production in Indiana accounted for one-third of the total pulpwood produced in the Central States in 2003. That year, 154 thousand cords of wood material were produced in Indiana, a 14-percent increase from the 2002 level of 135 thousand cords. • Roundwood production increased by almost 50 percent, from 16 thousand cords in 2002 to 24 thousand cords in 2003. Residue production increased by 9 percent, rising from 119 thousand cords in 2002 to 131 thousand cords in 2003. Iowa • The total pulpwood production in Iowa in 2003 was 25 thousand cords, a decrease of 18 percent from 2002. The State contributed 5 percent of the total pulpwood produced in the Central States. • Roundwood production from Iowa increased from 1 thousand cords in 2002 to 5 thousand cords in 2003. 23 • Residues accounted for nearly 80 percent of pulpwood production in Iowa in 2003. Missouri • Missouri remained the largest producer of pulpwood in the Central States in 2003, with 52 percent of the regional total, or 239 thousand cords. The production of pulpwood in Missouri increased by 18 percent between 2002 and 2003. • Missouri remained the Central States largest producer of roundwood for pulpwood and replaced Indiana as the largest supplier of residues from primary wood-processing plants used for pulpwood production in 2003. The State produced over 90 thousand cords of roundwood and 149 thousand cords of residues. • Missouri exported over 90 percent (221 thousand cords) of its pulpwood production to mills in the Southern States. RECEIPTS Due to the limited number of pulp mills in the Central States, individual State receipts are not reported to avoid disclosure of individual mill receipts. • Pulp mills in the Central States received 108 thousand cords in 2003, a decrease of 3 percent from 2002. • Roundwood receipts increased by 19 percent—from 24 thousand cords in 2002 to 29 thousand cords in 2003. Residue receipts decreased by 9 percent—from 87 thousand cords in 2002 to 79 thousand cords in 2003. • Softwood was not used for pulpwood by the Central States pulp mills. INDUSTRY TRENDS AND ANALYSIS • Average daily wood pulp production increased from 473 tons in 2002 to 563 tons in 2003 (table 14). • In 2003, only 19 percent of the roundwood and 24 percent of the residues produced for pulpwood in the Central States went to pulp mills located in the Central States. • Hardwood residue from sawmills and other wood-using mills accounted for almost three-fourths of all the wood material used by the Central States pulp mills. It continues to be the dominant form of wood material procured. 24 PLAINS STATES Due to the limited number of pulp mills in the Plains States, detailed production and receipts are not reported to avoid disclosure of individual mill receipts. PRODUCTION • In 2003, the Plains States produced 64 thousand cords of roundwood and mill residues for pulpwood production, a decrease of 48 percent from 2002 (fig. 20). Pulpwood came from Kansas, North Dakota, and South Dakota. • Softwood residues accounted for over three-fourths of the pulpwood production for the Plains States in 2003 (fig. 21), all of which came from South Dakota. • The only species harvested from the Plains States for pulpwood production in 2003 were ponderosa pine, aspen, balsam poplar, and cottonwood. • The only mill in the Plains States in 2003 was Merillat Industries, Inc. (particleboard), in Rapid City, SD, which has an annual production capacity of 95 million square feet 3/4-inch basis. Thousand standard cords Figure 20.—Pulpwood production in the Plains States, 1999-2003. Residues 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1999 2000 Hardwoods Softwoods 2001 2002 2003 Y Figure 21.—Plains States pulpwood production by species group and residues, 2003. Hardwood roundwood 2% Softwood roundwood 17% Hardwood residues 5% Softwood residues 76% 25 APPENDIX CONVERSION FACTORS USED IN THE NORTH-CENTRAL REGION Standard cords of green roundwood per green ton: Species Softwoods Northern white-cedar Balsam fir Hemlock Jack pine Red pine White pine Shortleaf pine Spruce Tamarack Hardwoods Soft hardwoods Hard hardwoods Ash Aspen Balsam poplar Basswood Beech Factor 0.4688 .6329 .4688 .4150 .4688 .4688 .4777 .3956 .5014 .4291 .3939 .4171 .3708 .4330 .4291 .4083 .5167 .3956 Species White birch Yellow birch River birch Sweetgum Yellow-poplar Blackgum Sycamore Cottonwood Elm Hickory Hard maple Soft maple Black cherry Red oak White oak Black oak Other hardwoods Factor 0.4018 .3723 .3871 .3669 .4219 .3779 .4083 .4291 .4018 .3701 .3617 .4083 .4688 .3444 .3723 .3444 .4777 26 TABLE TITLES Table 1.—Production and imports of pulpwood, Lake States, 2003 Table 2.—Lake States pulpwood production by State of origin, year, and destination, 1999-2003 Table 3.—Lake States pulpwood production from roundwood by State, Forest Survey Unit, and species group, 1999-2003 Table 4.—Lake States pulpwood production by State of origin, product form, Forest Survey Unit, and destination, 2003 Table 5.—Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Michigan, 2003 Table 6.—Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Minnesota, 2003 Table 7.—Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Wisconsin, 2003 Table 8.—Number of industrial pulp or particleboard plants in the Lake States by product form, species group used, and State, 2003 Table 9.—Average daily production of active wood pulp mills in the Lake States by State, company, location, and type of pulp produced, 2003 Table 10.—Annual production of active particleboard and panel mills in the Lake States by State, company, location, and product produced, 2003 Table 11.—Production and imports of pulpwood, Central States, 2003 Table 12.—Central States pulpwood production by product form and species group, 1999-2003 Table 13.—Central States pulpwood production by State and destination, 1999-2003 Table 14.—Average daily production of active wood pulp mills in the Central States by company, location, and type of pulp produced, 2003 27 RB-NC-251 continued on next page 28 TABLES 29 30 Table 1.--Production and imports of pulpwood, Lake States, 2003 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Production by State 1 Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Regional total Canada Central States Imports Plains States Total imports Total receipts 3,402 3,402 4,955 53,946 1,394 5,956 66,251 71,020 933 71,953 133,589 -7,511 141,100 42,711 -3,649 46,360 9,562 -905 10,466 5,956 26,213 282 16,854 49,306 --167,112 51,045 218,157 -415 9,660 54,668 64,743 -1,364 322 1,686 140 66 61,420 61,626 9,702 1,430 62,647 73,779 5,956 26,628 177,054 122,567 332,206 -33,178 2,408 35,586 668 2,815 262,967 266,450 43,378 35,994 269,023 348,395 -84,858 6,180 91,038 353 3,827 191,293 195,474 133,942 88,686 204,985 427,612 --280 280 --792 792 --543 543 --------7,223 19,465 26,687 78,242 20,397 98,640 -------------------------168,056 414 168,470 -1,028 29,809 40,660 71,497 4,955 54,974 199,259 47,030 306,218 ------------1,050 40 1,090 ----178 -178 ------151 151 --9,173 8,639 17,812 --59 59 3,461 3,461 ----------1,050 40 1,090 ----178 280 458 --792 792 --694 694 --9,173 8,639 17,812 3,461 3,461 -54,974 200,309 47,070 302,352 78,242 20,397 98,640 133,942 88,864 205,265 428,071 43,378 35,994 269,815 349,187 9,702 1,430 63,341 74,473 -26,628 186,227 131,206 344,061 Product form, species group, and destination Softwood roundwood Northern white-cedar Michigan Total Balsam fir Canada Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Hemlock Michigan Wisconsin Total Jack pine Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Red pine Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total White pine Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Spruce Canada Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total 10,250 -5,830 16,080 10,912 350,692 1,676 41,638 404,917 14,434 157,965 -91,205 263,604 25,346 508,657 1,676 132,843 668,522 7,842 -567,490 82,810 658,142 -10,173 48,014 752,816 811,002 33,188 518,829 617,180 968,469 2,137,666 ---1,615 1,615 -----7,842 -75,156 1,575 84,573 -78 1,824 103,450 105,352 22,276 158,043 76,981 196,230 453,529 -------------15,521 15,521 --492,334 81,235 573,569 -10,095 46,189 649,366 705,650 10,912 360,786 540,199 772,239 1,684,137 ---1,615 1,615 -------10,425 10,289 20,714 --10,425 11,904 22,329 ---15,521 15,521 -37,765 20,866 58,632 208 11 18,894 19,113 10,458 37,777 45,590 93,825 ----- ----- -24 1,459 1,484 -24 1,459 1,484 10,458 37,801 47,049 95,309 -360,786 550,625 784,144 1,695,555 -158,043 76,981 211,751 446,775 Tamarack Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Total softwood roundwood Canada Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Softwood residues Canada Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Total softwood material Canada Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total -----518,829 10,425 10,425 627,605 25,810 27,425 995,895 36,236 37,851 2,142,329 (Table 1 continued on next page) 31 32 Production by State 1 Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Regional total Canada Central States Imports Plains States Total imports Total receipts 25,527 130 5,469 31,127 821,005 4,712 37,544 863,261 42,895 123 -43,018 55,933 687 1,892 58,512 51,733 235 51,968 90,526 507 13,064 104,097 37,328 -2,566 39,894 ---1,031 -1,031 -1,063 1,063 -149 -149 9,579 -23,037 32,616 -189,058 29,594 218,652 12,497 11,839 206,573 230,909 103,024 201,405 249,230 553,659 46,907 149 25,603 72,659 1,031 1,063 2,094 ---11,917 2,651 14,569 63,650 2,886 66,536 ---------------14,762 271 15,033 17,291 12,666 49,378 79,335 73,224 28,116 51,541 152,881 -------------------186 -186 -118,859 -118,859 634 3,139 -3,773 43,529 122,121 -165,650 -----9 -9 1,582 14,350 16 15,949 806 3,193 739 4,737 1,234 -1,234 1,254 7,489 26,070 34,812 968 -591 1,559 ----1,730,092 65,710 1,795,802 40,531 137,212 809,160 986,904 861,537 1,872,016 912,415 3,645,967 -----1,390 -1,390 53,125 193,426 29,494 276,045 53,125 194,816 29,494 277,435 1,582 14,359 16 15,957 806 3,193 739 4,737 1,234 -1,234 1,254 7,489 26,070 34,812 968 -591 1,559 186 -186 -9,993 194 10,187 4,483 3,313 77,155 84,951 30,010 13,436 82,818 126,264 --------450 2,342 2,284 5,077 450 2,342 2,284 5,077 30,460 15,779 85,102 131,341 914,662 2,066,832 941,909 3,923,402 45,112 136,480 16 181,607 74,030 31,308 52,279 157,618 64,885 2,886 67,771 104,277 208,894 275,300 588,471 47,875 149 26,194 74,218 1,217 1,063 2,280 (Table 1 continued) Product form, species group, and destination Hardwood roundwood Ash Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Aspen Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Balsam poplar Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Basswood Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Beech Michigan Wisconsin Total White birch Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Yellow birch Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Cottonwood Minnesota Wisconsin Total 1,602 386 1,135 3,124 2,873 2,873 316,316 4,689 23,282 344,287 420,773 12,351 16,226 449,350 52,387 2,873 55,260 21,122 1,205 22,328 22,354 459 431 23,245 -1,719 -1,719 4,799 3,371 3,095 11,265 27,153 5,549 3,526 36,228 -106 106 -31,414 31,414 21,122 32,725 53,847 --------395 395 5,401 143,080 148,481 57,787 146,348 204,135 --------------71,197 5,518 76,715 74,134 98,518 231,849 404,501 494,907 182,067 253,592 930,566 --------7,643 12,736 8,761 29,140 537 5,810 6,347 -2,206 2,206 -15,708 314 16,021 68,578 32,046 321,015 421,639 384,894 52,443 344,611 781,948 --------6,959 1,254 11,045 19,258 6,959 1,254 11,045 19,258 7,643 12,736 8,761 29,140 537 5,810 6,347 -2,206 2,206 ----2,873 2,873 --------2,873 2,873 391,853 53,697 355,656 801,206 502,551 194,803 262,353 959,706 58,325 152,157 210,482 21,122 34,931 56,054 497 497 27,650 368 368 5,917 --3,526 865 865 37,093 (Table 1 continued on next page) Elm Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Hickory Michigan Total Hard maple Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Soft maple Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Red oak Michigan Wisconsin Total White oak Michigan Wisconsin Total Other hardwoods Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total -1,446 -1,446 -2,836 14,062 16,897 1,602 4,667 15,197 21,467 ---------309 442 751 -309 442 751 1,602 4,977 15,639 22,218 33 34 Canada 75,056 235,467 87,457 397,980 --21,290 --21,290 -75,056 256,756 -87,457 419,269 -75,056 245,892 97,746 418,694 --21,290 -15,521 36,811 -75,056 267,182 -113,267 455,505 -8,786 21,290 -1,776 31,851 -83,842 258,341 -89,233 431,416 -75,056 247,477 99,361 421,894 -8,786 21,290 -17,297 47,373 -83,842 268,767 -116,658 469,267 75,056 237,052 87,457 399,565 2,287,276 2,720,051 2,209,013 7,216,340 -241,405 59,597 -264,859 565,861 -2,528,681 2,779,648 -2,473,871 7,782,201 -2,648,063 3,270,676 2,993,156 8,911,894 -399,448 136,578 -476,610 1,012,636 -3,047,510 3,407,254 -3,469,766 9,924,530 Total imports Total receipts (Table 1 continued) Production by State 1 Product form, Imports species group, Regional Central Plains and destination Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin total States States Total hardwood roundwood Michigan 1,962,376 -249,844 2,212,220 --Minnesota 24,045 2,154,013 304,941 2,482,999 -1,585 Wisconsin 105,922 102,102 1,913,532 2,121,556 --Total 2,092,344 2,256,115 2,468,317 6,816,775 -1,585 Hardwood residues Canada -2,091 -2,091 --Michigan 218,083 -14,536 232,619 8,786 -Minnesota -35,782 2,526 38,308 --Other2 --3,833 3,833 --Wisconsin 8,286 6,032 248,765 263,083 1,776 -Total 226,369 43,905 269,660 539,934 10,562 -Total hardwood material Canada -2,091 -2,091 --Michigan 2,180,459 -264,380 2,444,839 8,786 -Minnesota 24,045 2,189,795 307,467 2,521,307 -1,585 Other2 --3,833 3,833 --Wisconsin 114,209 108,134 2,162,296 2,384,638 1,776 -Total 2,318,713 2,300,019 2,737,976 7,356,709 10,562 1,585 Total all roundwood Canada 10,912 --10,912 --Michigan 2,313,068 -259,938 2,573,007 --Minnesota 25,721 2,646,347 351,130 3,023,198 -1,585 Wisconsin 147,560 183,337 2,562,898 2,893,795 1,615 -Total 2,497,261 2,829,684 3,173,967 8,500,912 1,615 1,585 Total all residues Canada 14,434 9,933 -24,367 --Michigan 376,048 -14,614 390,662 8,786 -Minnesota -110,938 4,350 115,288 --Other2 --3,833 3,833 --Wisconsin 99,491 7,607 352,214 459,313 1,776 -Total 489,973 128,478 375,012 993,463 10,562 -Total all wood material Canada 25,346 9,933 -35,279 --Michigan 2,689,116 -274,553 2,963,669 8,786 -Minnesota 25,721 2,757,285 355,481 3,138,487 -1,585 Other2 --3,833 3,833 --Wisconsin 247,052 190,944 2,915,112 3,353,108 3,391 -Total 2,987,235 2,958,161 3,548,979 9,494,375 12,177 1,585 1 Vertical columns of figures under the box heading "Production by State" present the amount of roundwood cut or residue generated in each State. 2 Pulpwood shipped to mills outside of region. Table may not add due to rounding. Table 2.--Lake States pulpwood production by State of origin, year, and destination, 1993-2003 (In thousand standard cords, unpeeled) 1 Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 5-year average Total production 3,115 3,140 2,898 2,900 2,987 3,008 Other 2 50 27 20 21 25 29 MICHIGAN Destination of pulpwood Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin 2,753 5 306 2,834 7 272 2,570 9 299 2,615 10 254 2,689 26 247 2,692 11 276 Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 5-year average Total production 3,104 3,036 2,839 3,015 2,958 2,990 MINNESOTA Destination of pulpwood Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin -2,851 216 -2,803 211 -2,630 187 -2,865 139 -2,757 191 -2,781 189 Other 2 39 21 22 11 10 21 Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 5-year average Total production 3,336 3,420 3,309 3,485 3,549 3,420 WISCONSIN Destination of pulpwood Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin 206 63 3,064 195 151 3,068 274 133 2,898 256 360 2,864 275 355 2,915 241 212 2,962 Other 2 2 6 4 6 4 4 1 Includes mill residues used for pulp. 2 Includes Canada. Table may not add due to rounding. 35 36 (In thousand standard cords, unpeeled) MICHIGAN All species 2000 2001 575 646 1,141 959 884 789 76 53 2,676 2,446 2002 629 933 829 61 2,451 2003 603 953 874 68 2,497 1999 110 72 108 1 291 2000 110 66 106 1 283 2002 69 46 74 2 192 2003 56 40 100 2 198 1999 24 23 2 * 50 Pine 2001 117 59 106 1 284 2000 19 30 3 * 51 Spruce 2001 26 32 2 -61 2002 19 27 1 -47 2003 18 27 4 -49 1,210 1,428 228 71 2,937 1,171 1,318 180 86 2,755 1,233 1,373 210 91 2,907 1,179 1,350 217 84 2,830 MINNESOTA 27 44 46 62 12 10 * * 84 116 59 63 15 * 138 60 88 14 * 163 43 75 10 1 128 102 45 1 * 149 125 56 1 * 182 148 51 1 * 200 145 69 1 * 215 150 67 1 * 218 1,002 1,211 650 87 25 2,974 8,588 1,001 1,159 645 78 50 2,932 8,133 994 1,340 634 80 39 3,087 8,446 1,079 1,311 681 61 42 3,174 8,501 WISCONSIN 117 146 164 190 290 262 51 44 13 13 635 655 1,010 1,054 115 168 270 31 15 600 1,021 88 134 251 29 19 521 875 109 103 261 32 19 524 850 21 21 5 2 1 50 249 31 24 19 26 28 15 25 30 4 6 3 5 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 66 49 49 65 300 309 311 332 (Table 3 continued on next page) Table 3.--Lake States pulpwood production from roundwood by State, Forest Survey Unit, and species group, 1999-2003 Forest Survey Unit Eastern Upper Peninsula Western Upper Peninsula Northern Lower Peninsula Southern Lower Peninsula Total 1999 627 1,120 797 87 2,632 Aspen-Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwoods Prairie Total 1,171 1,449 237 94 2,951 Northeastern Northwestern Central Southwestern Southeastern Total Total Lake States 899 1,209 695 79 18 2,900 8,483 (Table 3 continued) MICHIGAN Balsam fir 2000 2001 23 26 36 33 6 4 --64 64 2002 33 33 4 * 70 2003 26 33 7 -66 1999 25 57 1 * 82 2003 33 55 4 -91 1999 165 287 354 26 832 2000 144 308 380 19 850 2002 160 269 388 15 832 Other softwoods 2000 2001 2002 24 40 32 65 62 51 * 1 * ---90 103 84 Aspen 2001 153 292 366 15 826 2003 149 286 410 18 863 Forest Survey Unit Eastern Upper Peninsula Western Upper Peninsula Northern Lower Peninsula Southern Lower Peninsula Total 1999 31 37 5 * 73 Aspen-Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwoods Prairie Total 108 85 1 * 194 110 72 2 -184 101 68 1 * 171 94 74 1 * 169 93 74 1 * 168 MINNESOTA 10 12 3 6 * * * * 12 18 25 21 * * 46 20 7 * * 28 37 21 * * 59 804 1,142 204 91 2,241 780 1,091 194 69 2,134 699 968 147 82 1,895 754 970 156 84 1,965 632 921 168 75 1,796 Northeastern Northwestern Central Southwestern Southeastern Total Total Lake States 40 50 1 * * 92 359 40 42 1 4 -87 335 35 48 1 * * 84 319 31 39 1 -* 71 311 25 45 1 * * 71 306 WISCONSIN 24 25 13 10 2 2 * -* * 39 37 133 144 24 7 2 * * 33 182 22 13 4 2 * 40 152 31 10 3 -1 46 196 300 529 203 14 1 1,047 4,120 343 291 290 320 507 415 546 479 147 137 145 172 12 12 11 9 3 10 5 7 1,012 865 996 987 3,996 3,586 3,793 3,646 (Table 3 continued on next page) (Table 3 continued) Forest Survey Unit Eastern Upper Peninsula Western Upper Peninsula Northern Lower Peninsula Southern Lower Peninsula Total 1999 27 63 30 1 122 White and yellow birches 2000 2001 2002 47 43 45 110 68 71 43 31 28 * 1 1 200 142 144 2003 45 73 25 1 144 MICHIGAN Hard and soft maples 1999 2000 2001 2002 209 170 194 212 460 415 308 340 170 219 196 239 28 26 16 19 867 830 714 810 2003 211 339 222 22 794 1999 36 121 127 31 315 Other hardwoods 2000 2001 2002 40 46 58 112 104 95 127 83 95 28 20 23 308 253 272 2003 65 100 102 25 291 Aspen-Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwoods Prairie Total 61 74 8 * 144 72 73 9 * 154 70 71 7 * 148 77 77 11 1 166 112 91 16 1 219 MINNESOTA 8 19 1 16 6 10 1 -15 45 24 18 8 -50 33 25 14 * 72 46 34 13 * 93 52 53 4 2 111 48 51 3 2 104 45 58 2 4 109 51 62 11 6 130 66 69 7 7 149 Northeastern Northwestern Central Southwestern Southeastern Total Total Lake States * Less than 500 standard cords. Table may not add due to rounding. 89 128 27 2 1 247 513 89 133 30 3 1 257 611 91 110 28 3 3 235 525 95 119 27 8 2 251 561 100 128 32 2 2 264 626 WISCONSIN 188 212 194 207 64 75 3 11 1 4 451 509 1,334 1,384 287 258 90 20 12 666 1,430 332 333 101 20 7 793 1,675 340 361 110 9 7 826 1,713 120 110 102 6 2 339 765 117 94 128 11 3 351 763 132 138 111 10 8 400 761 118 131 102 10 5 366 768 129 155 98 7 4 392 832 37 38 Tables continued on next page. Table 4.--Lake States pulpwood production by State of origin, product form, Forest Survey Unit, and destination, 2003 (In thousand standard cords, unpeeled) MICHIGAN Total production Michigan 550 833 863 68 2,313 376 2,689 MINNESOTA Total production Michigan -------WISCONSIN Michigan 245 14 * -1 260 15 275 Destination of pulpwood Minnesota Wisconsin 2 348 * * -351 4 355 833 948 681 60 41 2,563 352 2,915 Other1 ------4 4 1,087 1,335 140 84 2,646 111 2,757 1,179 1,350 217 84 2,830 128 2,958 Destination of pulpwood Minnesota Wisconsin 92 15 77 * 183 8 191 Other1 -----10 10 2 24 --26 -26 48 96 4 -148 99 247 3 1 7 -11 14 25 Other1 603 953 874 68 2,497 490 2,987 Destination of pulpwood Minnesota Wisconsin Product form and Forest Survey Unit Roundwood Eastern Upper Peninsula Western Upper Peninsula Northern Lower Peninsula Southern Lower Peninsula Total Residues Total pulpwood Product form and Forest Survey Unit Roundwood Aspen-Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwoods Prairie Total Residues Total pulpwood Product form and Total Forest Survey Unit production Roundwood Northeastern 1,079 Northwestern 1,311 Central 681 Southwestern 61 Southeastern 42 Total 3,174 Residues 375 Total pulpwood 3,549 * Less than 500 standard cords, unpeeled. 1 Includes Canada. Table may not add due to rounding. 39 40 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Northern white-cedar Balsam fir 3,367 2,421 6,239 1,103 2,596 6,874 3,186 25,787 3,876 5,705 1,982 1,105 6,929 1,059 11,219 1,527 33,403 325 1,264 -----3,078 216 -110 --45 -8 ------------5 ---24 -485 -3 -----962 581 510 892 33 767 360 3,470 747 8,277 1,317 16,103 916 2,820 34 6,427 1,913 118 437 158 616 148 178 55 23 5 4 20 161 4 104 176 86 57 389 34 440 182 -241 290 145 191 4 5 --143 3 26 8 82 13 163 3 25 -529 -119 96 --78 459 -----2,556 52 -47 ----3 -----10,174 2,261 4,351 5,627 2,633 987 14,570 5,771 46,373 890 3,073 270 8,256 2,255 288 6,810 459 22,301 1,028 3,187 761 431 2,721 326 4,812 453 13,718 440 679 93 120 707 148 1,560 193 3,939 3,086 6,530 1,956 562 6,635 779 6,273 1,330 27,149 651 1,560 233 177 1,303 218 2,409 285 6,836 -------3 -----3,007 -2 -----6,916 4,025 3,914 2,287 1,376 4,345 2,170 25,032 2,077 8,621 1,942 4,406 4,121 1,816 3,914 26,898 4,900 3,922 2,628 1,555 5,472 3,180 3,531 25,190 553 218 768 154 954 825 444 3,917 2,081 2,219 3,072 655 2,065 4,596 3,140 17,829 2,120 328 1,135 227 404 1,349 656 6,220 696 798 608 1,108 923 763 1,671 6,567 1,348 771 2,823 1,237 1,358 1,059 1,547 3,136 13,280 248 335 224 231 30 471 508 471 354 85 404 188 344 209 175 383 225 379 518 443 245 Hemlock Jack pine Spruce Tamarack Ash 149 120 325 65 157 349 188 1,353 186 287 39 51 289 63 660 82 1,656 41 99 -----35 27 -11 ----1 -----Species group White Red pine pine Aspen 12,957 20,878 25,964 12,739 21,140 32,168 23,621 149,466 22,550 57,377 19,126 25,017 35,640 7,432 76,146 42,617 285,905 27,274 15,516 4,347 10,848 1,123 3,430 6,301 34,055 19,521 8,684 15,965 14,549 4,658 6,328 9,278 16,954 7,839 1,320 8,092 4,993 10,394 Table 5.--Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Michigan, 2003 Forest Survey Unit All and county 1 species Eastern Upper Peninsula Alger 77,223 Chippewa 84,744 Delta 87,878 Luce 69,324 Mackinac 81,760 Menominee 91,134 Schoolcraft 110,488 Total 602,551 Western Upper Peninsula Baraga 116,848 Dickinson 124,785 Gogebic 102,519 Houghton 81,929 Iron 116,924 Keweenaw 52,126 Marquette 226,731 Ontonagon 131,323 Total 953,185 Northern Lower Peninsula Alcona 38,840 Alpena 25,813 Antrim 12,826 Arenac 19,894 Bay 2,063 Benzie 11,605 Charlevoix 19,990 Cheboygan 63,794 Clare 33,449 Crawford 27,345 Emmet 32,287 Gladwin 45,390 Grand Traverse 14,374 Iosco 17,473 Isabella 15,507 Kalkaska 43,607 Lake 17,477 Leelanau 7,950 Manistee 19,166 Mason 12,977 Mecosta 19,837 -1 54 ----25 -100 --392 -----------------------3,402 -----------------------66,251 -----------------------71,953 ----20 ----317 -11 1,243 20 ---58 --50 -1,718 141,100 -----------11 94 8 ------26 -139 46,360 ------------478 ---------478 10,466 -----------------------49,306 Midland 10,182 Missaukee 42,576 Montmorency 47,805 Newaygo 25,927 Oceana 23,125 Ogemaw 37,416 Osceola 24,419 Oscoda 16,208 Otsego 54,417 Presque Isle 42,189 Roscommon 26,632 Wexford 20,959 Total 873,518 Southern Lower Peninsula Allegan 12,029 Barry 86 Calhoun 1,437 Cass 3,131 Clinton 20 Genesee 294 Gratiot 155 Huron 818 Ingham 18 Ionia 1,088 Jackson 787 Kalamazoo 3,581 Kent 10,159 Montcalm 12,773 Muskegon 9,621 Ottawa 4,122 Saginaw 795 Sanilac 1,083 St. Clair 178 St. Joseph 871 Tuscola 2,324 Van Buren 2,636 Total 68,007 State total 2,497,261 -9 705 ----224 -1,078 --7,061 -4 -----23 -3 --547 243 3,077 2,962 2,060 1,582 16,004 389 1,589 4,383 3,036 5,499 1,900 90,183 70 205 152 1,803 184 187 26 310 471 113 211 840 7,313 -258 22 --157 -12 43 25 14 191 2,132 -4 462 ----62 -605 --4,327 -2 -----10 -1 --3,024 35 510 365 433 425 211 509 42 887 521 68 283 10,760 5,997 19,407 32,544 6,855 8,548 14,248 12,551 10,522 18,316 24,530 14,593 10,476 410,057 -1 1,368 --10 --162 --353 ----11 33 * 35 ---451 * 8 --2 458 --89 -2 433 -71 2,142 -219 6,025 -152 2,823 -48 661 -12 236 --753 -----98 --1,383 -1 311 -520 17,833 16,080 31,127 863,261 (Table 5 continued on next page) 41 42 Species group Basswood 1,267 1,248 1,269 1,447 1,418 3,037 2,055 11,741 2,125 5,572 2,747 1,898 3,842 1,692 3,498 5,053 26,427 285 329 1,074 136 12 250 1,657 3,181 354 122 1,920 166 283 13 207 1,552 139 178 285 195 379 42 686 989 329 349 168 242 335 251 225 26 457 771 703 294 141 805 142 342 206 90 395 193 320 442 381 123 16 360 565 326 287 214 1,054 1,417 536 692 20 24 881 2,415 518 400 1,802 389 125 363 336 907 181 53 83 48 314 259 1,060 1,236 204 230 710 -1 51 5 1 11 64 44 82 26 4 41 50 -69 157 28 24 30 22 97 15 178 -87 101 --1 55 6 1 12 70 7 89 28 4 44 53 -75 169 30 26 33 24 104 16 192 -94 109 -* 1 101 10 2 22 128 13 164 51 9 81 98 -137 311 55 48 60 44 193 30 353 -172 201 -1,101 1,103 1,724 813 92 1,536 3,514 4,079 1,867 1,063 3,214 874 1,572 443 1,012 3,319 911 1,256 1,902 1,422 1,429 223 3,084 1,702 1,988 1,979 720 4,124 2,016 2,710 1,789 2,711 2,183 5,837 2,083 23,452 7,879 4,309 6,190 4,272 6,095 2,540 10,938 6,161 48,385 3,394 1,664 3,382 1,821 2,351 2,132 4,909 5,170 24,822 130 32 390 171 164 -57 201 1,146 ---------25,975 13,114 25,127 14,399 20,224 14,826 35,776 31,337 180,778 23,435 12,391 27,111 13,127 17,582 14,157 30,310 19,908 158,021 5,504 3,675 3,426 5,207 697 4,137 5,249 6,936 6,033 4,822 5,148 7,225 3,972 1,659 3,648 9,342 2,586 3,371 4,634 3,828 4,219 3,153 10,649 5,273 6,590 5,724 3,732 801 646 1,389 902 733 1,317 1,088 3,887 10,764 --41 456 --5 1,466 1,852 2,796 81 3,947 346 1,214 9 1,420 1,983 314 1,453 599 504 -930 89 2,149 1,547 491 2,536 2,146 2,458 2,328 1,859 1,823 3,640 16,789 3,691 4,477 3,949 3,568 6,465 3,443 5,824 31,416 1,999 1,696 1,943 1,871 1,563 1,550 2,956 13,578 8 44 8 66 144 82 82 434 -3 -----3 14,567 12,950 14,109 15,172 12,124 11,400 23,505 103,827 13,750 15,367 12,549 15,958 16,140 10,526 22,833 107,122 623 547 451 1,939 514 537 2,775 7,385 ---440 --658 1,098 --107 -----107 --11 123 --11 -630 511 -1,077 120 -17 426 949 85 414 162 528 -545 -2,201 1,178 107 Beech White birch Elm Hickory Red oak White oak Yellow birch Hard maple Soft maple Other hardwoods 1,001 835 957 951 712 723 1,439 6,618 1,658 816 1,634 746 1,091 880 2,303 964 10,093 --87 131 17 280 -182 185 7 517 69 1,165 19 7 3 113 204 281 247 14 -90 285 162 124 26 (Table 5 continued) Forest Survey Unit Balsam and county 1 poplar Eastern Upper Peninsula Alger 1,965 Chippewa 1,882 Delta 3,590 Luce 1,283 Mackinac 1,612 Menominee 1,748 Schoolcraft 2,201 Total 14,281 Western Upper Peninsula Baraga 3,096 Dickinson 2,794 Gogebic 99 Houghton 219 Iron 1,659 Keweenaw 42 Marquette 6,012 Ontonagon 707 Total 14,628 Northern Lower Peninsula Alcona 1,386 Alpena 515 Antrim 327 Arenac 96 Bay 5 Benzie 61 Charlevoix 447 Cheboygan 909 Clare 452 Crawford 147 Emmet 740 Gladwin 223 Grand Traverse 271 Iosco 248 Isabella 379 Kalkaska 858 Lake 152 Leelanau 134 Manistee 165 Mason 121 Mecosta 532 Midland 83 Missaukee 974 Montmorency 399 Newaygo 474 Oceana 555 Ogemaw 440 430 466 3,615 2,561 243 209 23,782 1 ----10 -57 * --1 28 203 93 15 11 62 --33 1 514 104,097 * ----------1 26 94 43 7 5 ----* 176 39,894 1 -------* --1 26 187 85 14 10 ----1 325 2,873 4 ----85 2 -2 7 -11 381 1,308 735 184 69 ----5 2,793 344,287 3,872 28 463 1,008 -133 117 310 6 248 254 1,144 2,314 3,139 2,507 1,388 168 210 178 281 832 848 19,447 449,350 * ------------102 46 8 6 ----* 162 3,124 3,257 23 390 850 -----41 214 942 1,438 246 1,367 800 77 --237 -704 10,587 55,260 3,521 25 422 919 -----11 231 1,019 1,714 344 1,270 873 154 --256 -761 11,522 22,328 60 -36 --35 1,317 65 -39 --38 1,381 120 -70 --70 2,546 1,994 291 7,327 1,957 272 1,107 56,890 6,074 1,999 12,059 5,342 3,814 5,033 164,760 473 257 214 158 1,708 24 26,524 380 -55 -41 29 9,600 255 -1,765 47 52 130 6,465 -----7 ---1 --7 -33 20 ------69 23,245 Osceola 332 328 433 Oscoda 262 67 47 Otsego 482 3,170 1,486 Presque Isle 836 756 520 Roscommon -39 75 Wexford 192 175 226 Total 13,198 19,817 11,440 Southern Lower Peninsula Allegan 2 1 * Barry ---Calhoun ---Cass ---Clinton ---Genesee -4 10 * 1 -Gratiot Huron ---Ingham 1 1 -Ionia -1 2 Jackson ---Kalamazoo 3 2 1 Kent 84 75 38 Montcalm 516 261 100 Muskegon 236 137 93 Ottawa 38 30 36 Saginaw 28 14 6 Sanilac ---St. Clair ---St. Joseph ---Tuscola ---* Van Buren 2 1 Total 911 528 287 State total 43,018 58,512 51,968 * Less than 1/2 cord. 1 Includes only those counties that supplied pulpwood in 2003. Table may not add due to rounding. 43 44 Table 6.--Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Minnesota, 2003 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Red pine Spruce 3,711 4,993 67,718 11,765 61,573 149,761 15,663 169 4,650 3,932 376 217 400 35,084 4,590 86 1,386 13 66,566 53 -140 147 -------580 35 -104 -326 2 -1,388 -133 136 --174 -443 218,157 -228 17 ----245 58,632 --------10,187 262 19,286 38,742 2,892 5,363 6,511 1,979 75,034 1,795,802 -910 5,242 --137 49 6,339 118,859 -----14 -14 15,033 -400 76 --155 9 640 218,652 -------12 21 34 -274 -------342 -41 2 -5 10 -278 354 197 -934 ----* -3 1,824 171 1,188 292 112 --639 14,094 17,350 14,583 8,936 100,339 61 -9,545 -457 130 112 168,010 -2 2 ----257 134 96 292 733 2 -154 -* -3 1,676 115 83 3 ---36 386 429 183 13 1,397 1 -160 -131 -4 2,942 171 15 92 -5 10 73 782 442 255 309 13,045 21 -109 -157 183 3 15,671 -------32 -35 -17 -------84 --------149 -9 -----32 9 51 ---------100 --37 105 6 76 371 594 1,031 --* ----21 17 --132 * -----* 171 --------1,446 6,510 320 1,597 1,237 171 12 258 6,298 2,553 115 988 546 20,606 1,135 5 577 897 85 999 142 834 86 ---4,760 109,307 43,681 144,080 97,403 59,213 95,977 83,415 180,305 44,011 10,595 38,890 14,057 920,934 1,977 1,309 17,104 3,573 1,373 920 629 14,168 7,902 335 5,896 84 55,269 1,950 81 1,054 622 495 1,252 581 1,003 12 38 --7,087 11,089 2,734 9,117 15,801 5,971 4,904 8,473 25,049 4,772 359 2,163 214 90,647 14 --7 -45 ------65 16 288 ---32 ------336 264 -19 83 * 60 1 176 9 ---613 1,160 29 117 384 31 333 22 1,102 425 20 155 -3,778 72 51 2 -29 68 -121 101 72 -2,822 2 ---72 -2 3,415 -39 3 ----42 16,021 11,489 24 1,022 4,905 96 3,125 655 8,220 376 --5 29,917 131 73 49 -24 56 45 899 910 98 -6,875 30 ---131 61 17 9,398 --------76,715 3,206 5 14,784 774 18,671 37,439 775 17 210 253 2,348 3,603 35,277 18,468 188,703 37,283 352,092 631,824 652 16 32,498 518 21,891 55,575 990 22 166 470 3,341 4,990 5,482 3,572 20,455 13,268 68,918 111,694 ------------102 1 11 195 353 662 794 5 1,599 789 5,600 8,786 4,807 128 666 11,256 20,542 37,400 Ash Aspen Elm 1,316 449 1,033 4,719 3,857 11,375 1,067 702 1,225 3,828 71 2,196 1,575 6,712 135 12 375 715 18,613 -218 21 ---26 40 52 954 -2,162 442 30 -953 391 260 34 5,585 ---13 ---13 35,586 --------1,686 -15 -----24 569 81 -185 ----147 --1,021 28 --* -69 -57 18 ---171 5 16 85 120 267 494 White pine Tamarack Species group Balsam Basspoplar wood White birch Yellow birch Cottonwood 2 Hard maple Soft maple Red oak 33 ---91 124 ---------------33 -24 56 -----124 ----33 --271 --------395 White Other oak hardwoods ----36 36 -----------------10 23 -----36 -------70 --------106 121 1 13 232 420 787 314 -23 98 * 71 1 209 11 ---728 --* ----25 20 --157 * -----* 204 --------1,719 Forest Survey Unit All Balsam Jack and county 1 species fir pine Aspen-Birch Carlton 61,295 3,315 709 Cook 29,619 1,344 580 Koochiching 365,516 29,287 8,289 Lake 94,901 7,115 6,142 St. Louis 627,654 52,198 15,455 Total 1,178,985 93,259 31,175 Northern Pine Aitkin 188,779 26,278 518 Becker 51,850 809 1,698 Beltrami 199,086 6,286 12,215 Cass 139,237 1,735 4,731 Clearwater 69,525 1,057 586 Crow Wing 121,151 1,040 9,897 Hubbard 104,670 236 8,281 Itasca 318,706 32,303 7,187 Lake of the Woods 72,711 2,905 4,905 Mahnomen 11,677 5 113 Roseau 54,431 830 3,748 Wadena 18,001 283 2,084 Total 1,349,822 73,769 55,963 Central Hardwood Anoka 713 --* Benton 1,695 -Chisago 645 9 -Douglas 259 --Goodhue 108 10 -Houston 224 --Isanti 849 21 9 Kanabec 17,048 9 36 Mille Lacs 20,409 --Morrison 18,133 -1,492 Otter Tail 9,550 --Pine 132,208 994 1,400 Sherburne 700 10 95 Stearns 67 -36 Todd 10,085 12 -Wabasha 974 -21 Washington 2,060 103 110 Winona 637 --Wright 217 -39 Total 216,580 1,170 3,238 Prairie Clay 262 --Kittson 21,198 16 187 Marshall 44,267 1 13 Norman 3,009 --Pennington 5,369 --Polk 7,066 --Red Lake 3,126 255 463 Total 84,296 272 662 State total 2,829,684 168,470 91,038 * Less than 1/2 cord. 1 Includes only those counties that supplied pulpwood in 2003. 2 Includes hybid poplar. Table may not add due to rounding. Tables continued on next page. 45 46 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Northern white-cedar Hemlock 3,674 911 113 155 6,990 10,666 67 111 486 77 23,249 140 22 -----903 -26 10 -1,101 --38 ---1,819 --278 39 -25 2,198 20,291 948 2,095 4,907 19,023 21,846 1,068 1,552 4,897 7,876 156 2,175 6,846 93,681 22,860 2,850 1,592 5,757 10,928 15,376 5,938 8,376 5,111 14,141 8,506 23,731 8,106 133,273 3,480 564 808 1,261 4,813 3,318 1,210 1,829 1,631 4,582 1,210 4,675 4,522 33,905 869 696 10,578 7,538 16,079 233 2,431 424 65 3,707 43 14,034 56,697 1,445 1,554 9,368 3,411 6,092 525 855 1,433 533 3,645 1,292 7,976 38,129 1,277 606 1,139 78 321 1,019 173 569 208 1,378 68 1,145 7,979 6,006 294 2,994 178 694 5,312 168 6,845 2,118 3,901 964 744 30,218 19 134 150 56 114 44 1,113 58 131 373 506 1,308 909 4,915 1,623 153 178 -1,940 463 67 2,469 184 1,196 635 183 9,091 150 52 --22 52 28 59 99 561 108 -16 1,147 4,163 487 535 2,131 14,141 613 1,939 6,896 464 9,903 41,270 5,155 8,774 3,057 3,473 15,026 2,497 2,834 7,272 4,406 7,456 59,950 451 113 262 873 956 2,006 203 818 299 1,824 7,804 1,432 6,345 5,007 3,053 1,353 86 165 5,962 109 2,173 25,685 236 479 563 2,567 882 3 64 2,630 12 348 7,783 Spruce Tamarack Ash 1,605 4,301 6,962 6,297 2,464 1,740 1,009 3,607 2,661 2,306 32,950 2,592 639 3,372 379 2,301 3,808 419 4,709 4,195 7,946 3,029 3,322 36,712 661 1,269 1,674 689 1,695 966 2,601 84 449 849 683 371 1,321 13,311 35 10 --13 1 ---1 59 ----------------------------34 -15 --409 --239 18 -29 744 6,767 63 5,848 476 12,904 4,097 136 7,401 168 3,752 1,658 2,070 45,340 3,184 3,470 4,797 4,369 1,850 313 235 3,931 394 2,772 25,315 Balsam fir Jack pine Species group Red White pine pine Aspen 21,847 37,959 39,751 71,110 37,555 11,185 19,528 43,883 11,853 25,074 319,746 57,933 12,983 71,579 23,434 63,219 21,607 17,851 41,346 33,347 63,671 26,372 45,944 479,286 8,061 22,276 36,723 6,409 14,379 6,265 31,936 449 2,085 11,419 9,033 1,018 21,825 171,877 Table 7.--Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Wisconsin, 2003 All species 93,483 148,218 173,732 160,901 134,318 48,882 52,760 130,339 55,081 81,608 1,079,321 Forest Survey Unit and county 1 Northeastern Florence Forest Langlade Lincoln Marinette Menominee Oconto Oneida Shawano Vilas Total Northwestern Ashland Barron Bayfield Burnett Douglas Iron Polk Price Rusk Sawyer Taylor Washburn Total Central Adams Chippewa Clark Eau Claire Jackson Juneau Marathon Marquette Monroe Portage Waupaca Waushara Wood Total 171,073 26,209 153,045 57,657 155,284 89,805 32,842 122,304 100,748 214,221 68,221 119,357 1,310,768 69,733 49,386 69,840 32,080 86,331 67,631 78,600 13,985 22,936 53,465 29,744 43,508 64,154 681,394 3,373 1,334 10,215 48 4,500 3,232 649 1,111 254 3,606 10,167 9,705 7,613 5,058 60,866 ----------------------59 -----------17 ---------17 71,497 -----122 --------------18 139 26,687 80 -322 16 --51 12 34 ---------16 -21 551 195,474 624 10 6,269 138 26 260 1,079 153 1,145 611 535 133 -358 14 391 265 19 186 955 194 13,366 266,450 26 3 787 130 -326 1,103 24 687 361 25 505 -82 13 157 58 11 27 345 643 5,315 61,626 9 -80 13 -248 729 -6 46 28 98 -69 -103 --46 142 161 1,779 64,743 ---------------- 54 -----------26 -80 ---------------- --1,195 5 63 169 -25 -50 619 1,028 91 30 3,274 307 217 2,031 22 1,978 1,618 148 356 39 2,042 5,765 3,445 3,067 697 21,732 347 240 422 -1,265 491 488 176 17 463 915 225 1,197 378 6,624 485 10 188 -83 82 13 ---108 583 354 239 2,146 ---------------- 54 34 199 1 43 31 -7 3 27 99 157 91 352 1,099 951 170 2,114 -254 350 -399 147 549 919 2,447 749 140 9,191 -12 917 13 12 13 -166 1,547 -6 -----192 1,906 -18 91 -2 --9 96 -3 54 -36 364 1,079 38 16 -1 --304 431 -2 --6 14 -7 1,126 -8 --12 15 -4 24 -39 193 1,092 879 6,804 19,113 84,951 986,904 (Table 7 continued on next page) Southwestern Buffalo Crawford Dunn Grant Iowa La Crosse Lafayette Pepin Pierce Richland Sauk St. Croix Trempealeau Vernon Total Southeastern Brown Calumet Columbia Dane Dodge Door Fond Du Lac Green Green Lake Jefferson Kewaunee Manitowoc Milwaukee Outagamie Ozaukee Rock Sheboygan Walworth Washington Waukesha Winnebago Total State total 1,931 209 12,051 430 39 5,187 3,334 240 2,380 1,128 1,384 2,521 10 4,153 50 777 1,660 129 464 1,518 2,021 41,618 3,173,967 47 48 Basswood Beech 2,675 2,708 2,785 514 1,787 292 1,177 936 160 184 13,218 30 1 81 1 2 348 1 261 83 99 127 3 1,037 2 6 24 4 2 -115 2 -15 42 2 7 222 1,054 4,574 4,138 1,967 3,886 1,288 5,572 108 669 1,618 947 423 2,890 29,133 65 425 412 220 286 50 733 12 35 211 123 19 252 2,843 -425 61 ----------486 59 704 434 192 266 48 539 4 33 117 90 7 245 2,738 3,524 5,094 7,291 2,670 8,173 5,436 11,134 459 2,449 4,038 3,411 2,152 6,151 61,982 7,647 1,327 13,249 6,765 19,159 7,953 1,767 13,100 11,356 20,512 6,924 8,572 118,332 438 86 886 44 304 2,230 138 1,632 1,051 1,472 768 296 9,346 --------456 -121 -577 1,758 82 338 204 608 664 129 937 1,288 1,695 625 466 8,794 21,200 2,065 9,346 3,628 9,047 18,653 1,840 20,892 18,524 33,895 13,336 8,431 160,858 51,584 2,326 10,554 7,472 16,146 18,111 2,218 13,874 14,640 39,930 8,418 14,466 199,737 2,913 3,658 5,515 2,133 6,723 4,515 8,008 368 2,029 3,167 2,064 1,773 4,974 47,839 2,632 2,131 3,498 2,834 2,205 1,858 3,716 1,992 6,809 15,165 1,742 5,924 50,506 5,202 4,689 6,415 4,941 13,199 6,420 3,654 477 2,508 2,859 2,264 5,124 4,261 62,012 4,580 12,558 14,551 11,699 6,824 1,962 2,855 13,889 3,871 6,846 79,634 2,362 2,963 3,596 3,238 1,976 863 1,108 2,167 695 989 19,958 -----------181 849 1,194 679 518 110 174 758 291 340 5,094 17,371 28,519 40,958 27,261 17,064 8,994 8,766 17,196 13,196 10,220 189,543 18,113 25,092 32,451 16,696 15,741 5,085 8,770 13,527 8,854 6,275 150,604 1,523 4,189 5,692 2,351 2,259 1,468 884 3,240 5,132 2,906 29,645 3,740 7,082 9,216 3,067 5,676 934 2,228 2,622 560 1,522 36,649 3,747 745 7,871 565 2,864 1,455 664 2,700 3,743 5,875 1,524 4,230 35,985 98 1,305 1,243 349 469 80 1,487 6 55 193 232 13 423 5,953 White birch Yellow birch Species group Cottonwood Elm Hard maple Soft maple Red oak 60 339 1,069 429 286 55 67 276 1,551 146 4,278 909 416 797 427 356 482 255 474 1,827 5,489 489 1,275 13,196 1,294 373 1,222 501 2,347 1,928 1,135 142 753 892 308 714 1,347 12,956 White Other oak hardwoods 1,065 1,041 1,163 938 696 10 471 619 85 248 6,335 1,612 5 363 193 385 884 8 295 117 577 76 203 4,717 -7 6 9 6 -100 --39 3 3 5 178 (Table 7 continued) Balsam poplar 30 31 10 -260 -218 -2 * 552 Forest Survey Unit and county 1 Northeastern Florence Forest Langlade Lincoln Marinette Menominee Oconto Oneida Shawano Vilas Total Northwestern Ashland Barron Bayfield Burnett Douglas Iron Polk Price Rusk Sawyer Taylor Washburn Total Central Adams Chippewa Clark Eau Claire Jackson Juneau Marathon Marquette Monroe Portage Waupaca Waushara Wood Total 863 16 1,007 29 659 104 4 48 36 290 -73 3,130 -1 -----------1 365 34 612 1 46 65 -33 12 38 181 366 519 14 2,285 26 17 472 9 -522 38 2 10 11 53 46 1 220 2 8 13 8 12 4 51 1,525 230,909 5 9 46 --73 4 -6 1 25 6 1 106 1 -2 6 8 3 10 312 32,616 ----------------------1,063 2 1 46 --53 3 --1 3 1 -9 --1 ---2 123 16,897 54 62 657 40 -742 83 16 48 16 172 213 5 1,587 11 32 31 43 65 20 197 4,092 421,639 35 36 538 33 -516 67 13 31 13 103 168 3 818 6 28 24 24 39 11 152 2,658 404,501 23 26 901 31 13 100 47 13 297 6 27 142 -85 -26 17 8 34 9 276 2,080 148,481 1 3 141 13 1 19 17 5 5 2 1 55 -8 -10 5 -3 -57 347 31,414 8 -63 --6 -3 1 2 13 34 26 1 158 ---------------- 5 -61 --5 -3 1 2 13 32 25 1 149 274 209 738 6 257 147 -25 13 147 504 347 356 2,142 5,165 246 175 621 5 214 121 -34 16 123 415 406 291 995 3,662 188 175 1,771 5 211 102 -35 2 115 458 439 713 24 4,237 73 70 91 2 84 36 -1 -46 136 19 68 10 636 --* -----* -----1 --------3 ----28 ------3 34 11,265 Southwestern Buffalo -15 -Crawford ---Dunn 1 110 -Grant ---Iowa -1 -La Crosse -8 -Lafayette ---Pepin -12 -Pierce -3 -Richland -3 -* Sauk -21 St. Croix 4 172 -Trempealeau -42 -Vernon -1 34 Total 6 387 34 Southeastern Brown 72 45 * Calumet -1 2 Columbia -79 -Dane -1 -Dodge ---Door 13 89 8 * Fond Du Lac -5 Green ---Green Lake --1 Jefferson -2 -Kewaunee -5 6 Manitowoc -2 2 * Milwaukee --Outagamie -16 30 * Ozaukee --Rock -1 -* Sheboygan -112 Walworth --2 Washington --2 Waukesha --1 Winnebago -3 1 Total 84 361 57 State total 3,773 79,335 14,569 * Less than 1/2 cord. 1 Includes only those counties that supplied pulpwood in 2003. Table may not add due to rounding. 49 50 Table 8.--Number of industrial pulp or particleboard plants in the Lake States by product form, species group used, and State, 2003 Wisconsin 0 6 3 5 6 5 7 4 9 10 11 1 5 4 11 5 1 3 0 11 10 6 4 2 17 17 6 7 8 18 Product form Total State and species group Lake States Michigan Minnesota Roundwood Softwoods Northern white-cedar 2 2 0 Balsam fir 17 4 7 Hemlock 4 1 0 Jack pine 15 4 6 Red pine 16 4 6 White pine 11 3 3 Spruce 17 2 8 Tamarack 10 1 5 Total plants using softwoods 1 23 4 10 Hardwoods Ash 23 7 6 Aspen 35 11 13 Balsam poplar 15 6 8 Basswood 19 9 5 Beech 12 8 0 White birch 29 8 10 Yellow birch 11 5 1 Cottonwood 3 0 2 Elm 6 2 1 Hickory 1 1 0 Hard maple 24 9 4 Soft maple 25 10 5 Red oak 13 7 0 White oak 7 3 0 Other hardwoods 8 5 1 Total plants using hardwoods 1 42 12 13 Total plants using roundwood 1 43 12 14 Residues Softwood 11 2 3 Hardwood 17 7 3 Total plants using residues 1 19 7 4 Total plants 1 44 12 14 1 Some plants use more than one species, so numbers in columns are not additive. Table 9.--Average daily production of active wood pulp mills in the Lake States by State, company, location, and type of pulp produced, 2003 (In tons per 24 hours) Location Quinnesec Alpena Escanaba Otsego Manistee Muskegon Ontonagon 7 mills International Falls Shakopee Duluth International Falls Sartell Cloquet Proctor Grand Rapids 8 mills Nekoosa Port Edwards Park Falls Phillips Kaukauna Cornell Tomahawk Biron Niagara Stevens Point Wisconsin Rapids Brokaw Mosinee Rothschild 14 mills 29 mills 495 255 170 90 450 220 1,378 400 250 200 1,200 258 275 160 5,801 14,740 -255 170 --------258 -160 843 843 495 ---450 -----1,200 -275 -2,420 6,319 1,040 310 210 100 400 1,269 325 410 4,064 ---------1,040 ----1,269 --2,309 ------------------------1,263 1,250 250 1,263 660 361 340 751 4,875 --------1,250 ----340 -1,590 --1,263 ----1,263 -250 -----250 -310 -100 --325 410 1,145 ---90 -220 --250 200 ----760 2,155 Average daily production Sulfite Kraft Type of pulp produced Kraft/ Groundwood/ groundwood mechanical Semichemical ---660 361 -751 1,772 ---------------1,378 -------1,378 3,150 Thermomechanical ----------210 -400 ---610 -------400 ------400 1,010 State and company Michigan International Paper Co. Louisiana-Pacific Corp. MeadWestvaco Corp. Menasha Packaging Co., LLC Packaging Corp. Of America SD Warren(DBA) Sappi Fine Paper Smurfit-Stone Container Corp. Total Minnesota Boise Cascade Certainteed Corporation Georgia-Pacific Corp. International Bildrite, Inc. International Paper Sappi Fine Papers, LLC Stora Enso North America UPM - Blandin Total Wisconsin Domtar Industries, Inc. Domtar Industries, Inc. Fraser Papers, Inc. Georgia-Pacific Corp. International Paper Co. Mule Hide Manufacturing Co. Packaging Corp. Of America Stora Enso North America Stora Enso North America Stora Enso North America Stora Enso North America Wausau-Mosinee Paper Corp. Wausau-Mosinee Paper Corp. Weyerhaeuser Co. Total Lake States total 51 52 Table 10.--Annual production of active particleboard and panel mills in the Lake States by State, company, location, and product produced, 2003 (In million square feet 3/4-inch basis) Location Hancock Gaylord Newberry Sagola Grayling 5 mills Two Harbors Solway Bemidji Cook Grand Rapids Deerwood 6 mills Hayward Tomahawk Marshfield Marinette 4 mills 15 mills Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Engineered wood products Engineered wood products Particleboard Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Product produced Annual production 100 198 72 179 250 799 67 218 265 207 167 n/a 924 State and company Michigan GFP Strandwood Corp. Georgia-Pacific Corp. Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Weyerhaeuser Co. Total Minnesota Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Northwood Panelboard Co. Potlatch Corp. Potlatch Corp. Potlatch Corp. Trus Joist, A Weyerhaeuser Co. Total Wisconsin Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Marshfield Doorsystems Rodman Industries Total Lake States total Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Particleboard Particleboard 250 64 79 9 402 2,125 Table 11.--Production and imports of pulpwood, Central States, 2003 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Other U.S. Total imports Total receipts ------------------------ ---- ---14,196 -14,196 14,790 -14,790 28,986 --28,986 ------------------ --3,833 ---3,833 29,433 ---29,433 29,433 ---29,433 --79,034 ---79,034 79,034 ---79,034 108,021 ---108,021 Production by State 1 Product form, Imports species group, Regional Lake and destination Illinois Indiana Iowa Missouri total States Roundwood Softwoods Lake States 1,460 -155 -1,615 -Southern States 1,464 --2,406 3,870 -Total 2,924 -155 2,406 5,485 -Soft hardwoods2 Central States 1,753 5,844 1,690 4,909 14,196 -Southern States 6,659 2,324 -8,214 17,197 -Total 8,412 8,168 1,690 13,123 31,393 -Hard hardwoods3 Central States 2,554 8,510 3,187 538 14,790 -Southern States 17,319 6,896 -74,496 98,711 -Total 19,873 15,406 3,187 75,034 113,501 -Total all roundwood Central States 4,307 14,354 4,878 5,448 28,986 -Lake States 1,460 -155 -1,615 -Southern States 25,443 9,220 -85,115 119,778 -Total 31,210 23,574 5,033 90,563 150,380 -Residues Softwoods Southern States ---1,860 1,860 -Total ---1,860 1,860 -Hardwoods Central States 5,504 38,650 17,975 13,071 75,202 3,833 Lake States -8,786 1,776 -10,562 -Northeastern States -4,900 --4,900 -Southern States 7,699 78,229 -133,569 219,498 -Total 13,203 130,565 19,751 146,641 310,161 3,833 Total all residues Central States 5,504 38,650 17,975 13,071 75,202 3,833 Lake States -8,786 1,776 -10,562 -Northeastern States -4,900 --4,900 -Southern States 7,699 78,229 -135,429 221,358 -Total 13,203 130,565 19,751 148,501 312,021 3,833 Total all wood material Central States 9,811 53,005 22,853 18,519 104,188 3,833 Lake States 1,460 8,786 1,931 -12,177 -Northeastern States -4,900 --4,900 -Southern States 33,142 87,449 -220,545 341,136 -Total 44,413 154,139 24,784 239,064 462,400 3,833 1 Vertical columns of figures under the box heading "Production by State" present the amount of roundwood cut or residue generated in each State. 2 Hardwood species with an average specific gravity of 0.50 or less. 3 Hardwood species with an average specific gravity greater than 0.50. Table may not add due to rounding. 53 54 Table 12.--Central States pulpwood production by product form and species group, 1999-2003 (In standard cords, unpeeled) 2002 3,432 25,783 121,600 150,815 1,860 274,219 276,079 426,895 2003 5,485 31,393 113,501 150,380 1,860 310,161 312,021 462,400 Product form and species group 1999 2000 2001 Roundwood Softwoods 10,283 7,643 2,110 Soft hardwoods1 46,232 64,036 50,939 Hard hardwoods2 141,997 165,994 113,062 Total 198,511 237,673 166,111 Residues Softwood 19,773 12,849 117 Hardwood 247,244 269,603 302,510 Total 267,017 282,452 302,627 Total all wood material 465,528 520,125 468,738 1 Hardwood species with an average specific gravity of 0.50 or less. 2 Hardwood species with an average specific gravity greater than 0.50. Table may not add due to rounding. Table 13.--Central States pulpwood production by State and destination, 1999-2003 (In thousand standard cords, unpeeled) Indiana Destination Central Other Total States States 176 73 102 168 70 98 160 67 93 135 54 82 154 53 101 159 63 95 Total 33 48 44 30 25 36 Iowa Destination Central Other States States 29 4 46 1 43 1 29 1 23 2 34 2 Illinois Destination Central Other Year Total States States 1999 79 22 58 2000 92 32 60 2001 75 22 53 2002 59 9 50 2003 44 10 35 5-year average 70 19 51 Table may not add due to rounding. Total 177 212 190 202 239 204 Missouri Destination Central Other States States 12 166 17 195 14 175 14 188 19 221 15 189 55 56 Table 14.--Average daily production of active wood pulp mills in the Central States by company, location, and type of pulp produced, 2003 (In tons per 24 hours) Company International Paper Co. Box USA Jeld-Wen Fiber Of Iowa Huebert Brothers Products, LLC Central States total Location Terre Haute, Indiana Fort Madison, Iowa Dubuque, Iowa Booneville, Missouri 4 mills Average daily production 250 158 75 80 563 Type of pulp produced Groundwood/ SemiThermomechanical chemical mechanical -250 --158 -75 ----80 75 408 80 Piva, Ronald J. 2005. Pulpwood production in the North-Central Region, 2003. Resour. Bull. NC-251. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station. 56 p. Discusses 2003 production and receipts in the Lake, Central, and Plains States. Shows Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin production by species for each county and compares production by Forest Survey Unit with that of previous years. Presents production data for Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri by species group and product form. Includes 2003 production for the Plains States by species group and product form. KEY WORDS: Roundwood, whole-tree chips, residue, pulpwood, particleboard, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, Plains States. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (202) 720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Printed on recyclable paper. MISSION STATEMENT We believe the good life has its roots in clean air, sparkling water, rich soil, healthy economies, and a diverse living landscape. Maintaining the good life for generations to come begins with everyday choices about natural resources. The North Central Research Station provides the knowledge and the tools to help people make informed choices. That’s how the science we do enhances the quality of people’s lives. For further information contact: North Central Research Station USDA Forest Service 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108 Or visit our web site: www.ncrs.fs.fed.us