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United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service North Central Research Station Resource Bulletin NC-239 Pulpwood Production in the North-Central Region, 2002 Ronald J. Piva North Central Research Station Forest Service—U.S. Department of Agriculture 1992 Folwell Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 2005 www.ncrs.fs.fed.us CONTENTS Page Lake States ............................................................................................................. 3 Production ............................................................................................................. 3 Receipts ............................................................................................................... 14 Industry Trends and Analysis................................................................................ 16 Central States ........................................................................................................ 21 Production ............................................................................................................ 21 Receipts ............................................................................................................... 24 Industry Trends and Analysis................................................................................ 24 Plains States .......................................................................................................... 25 Production ............................................................................................................ 25 Appendix ................................................................................................................ 27 Conversion Factors Used in the North-Central Region ........................................ 27 Table Titles ............................................................................................................. 28 Tables ..................................................................................................................... 29 Pulpwood Production in the North-Central Region, 2002 Ronald J. Piva NOTE: This report includes all primary products made from reconstituted wood fiber. In addition to wood pulp, this includes particleboard and engineered lumber products made from chips, shavings, wafers, flakes, strands, and sawdust. This report presents the production of the raw fiber material delivered to mills. Thus, these data report only that portion of the timber harvest used as raw material and do not necessarily reflect the volume of growing stock harvested. Pulpwood constitutes more than half the industrial timber products harvested annually in the Lake States (Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin) and is an important product in the Central States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri) and the Plains States (Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota). Current detailed information about pulpwood production1 is necessary for intelligent planning and decisionmaking in wood procurement, forest resource management, forest industry development, and scientific studies. Since 1979, logs, bolts, and wood residue used in manufacturing flakeboard, waferboard, oriented strandboard, and medium-density fiberboard have been included in this annual report. Engineered lumber was first included in this report in 1992. Together, these products are called particleboard, and all mills manufacturing these boards are called particleboard mills in this report. Wood used at particleboard mills is identical or nearly identical to wood used at pulp mills; therefore, including this wood in our study provides a more accurate estimate of demand for pulpwood-like material. Pulpwood production, determined from mill receipts, is the annual volume of pulpwood cut, plus the annual wood residue volume produced by sawmills, veneer mills, etc. used for pulp, particleboard, waferboard, oriented strandboard, medium-density fiberboard, or engineered lumber. 1 Particleboard mills were in their infancy before 1979 and used primarily aspen and wood residue. Therefore, data for these mills do not distort roundwood use trends for other species or preclude comparing 2002 survey results with those of 1978 and previous years. Pulp and particleboard mills using timber from the North Central States in 2002 reported their pulpwood receipts2 by species group and county of origin. This report presents the results of the survey, analyzes the data, compares results with those of 2001 and earlier years, and discusses trends in pulpwood production and use. The Lake States, Central States, and Plains States are discussed separately because the timber types in each area are different, the flow of wood between the areas is nominal, and more detailed data on pulpwood production and receipts in the Central and Plains States might reveal the operations of individual mills. This is the 44th annual report of the pulpwood harvest in Lake States counties, the 43rd annual report of the Central States harvest, and the 10th report of the pulpwood harvest in the Plains States. About the Author: Ronald J. Piva, Forester, received a B.S. in forest management from the University of MissouriColumbia. He joined the Forest Service in 1987 and has been working with the North Central Station's Forest Inventory and Analysis unit since. Pulpwood receipts are the volumes of wood received by mills in a specific State or region, regardless of the geographic source. 2 Several mills purchase their pulpwood based on weight rather than volume. Factors used to convert green tons of pulpwood to standard cord equivalents are shown in the appendix. When new surveys are completed, errors and omissions from previous surveys are corrected. As a result of our ongoing efforts to improve the survey’s efficiency and reliability, changes may have been made to the previous survey’s data. All comparisons and analysis in this report are based on the reprocessed data from earlier surveys, which may not match earlier published data. 2 LAKE STATES PRODUCTION • Pulpwood production in the Lake States rose from 9.0 million cords3 in 2001 to 9.4 million cords in 2002, an increase of 4 percent. Overall, 90 percent came from roundwood (including chips from roundwood) and 10 percent came from the residue4 of wood-using plants (fig. 1). • Hardwood material—both roundwood and residues—constituted 78 percent of the total pulpwood production. • Aspen remained the dominant species harvested for pulpwood in the Lake States in Residue is the byproduct from sawmills, veneer mills, cooperage mills, and other wood-using mills that is used for pulping and particleboard. Residue includes slabs, edgings, veneer cores, sawdust, fines, woodflour, and chips manufactured from slabs, edgings, and veneer cores. 4 2002, with 3.8 million cords, or 40 percent of the total roundwood. Other important species harvested for pulpwood in 2002 were soft maple (879 thousand cords), hard maple (796 thousand cords), white birch (488 thousand cords), jack pine (460 thousand cords), and red pine (337 thousand cords) (table 1). • Softwood roundwood production decreased by 10 percent, falling from 1.8 million cords in 2001 to 1.6 million cords in 2002. Pulpwood production from softwood residues increased by 22 percent to 429 thousand cords in 2002 (fig. 2). All references to cords are in standard cords. A standard cord is 128 cubic feet of wood, bark, and air space. 3 Residues 10% Sprucefir 7% Pine 9% Aspen 40% Figure 1.—Lake States pulpwood production by Other softwoods 2% Other hardwoods 8% species group and residues, 2002. Maple 18% Birch 6% 3 2001 600 2002 Thousand standard cords 500 400 300 200 100 0 Jack pine Red pine Balsam fir Spruce Hemlock White pine Tamarack N. whitecedar Softwood residues Softwod species Figure 2.—Softwood pulpwood production in the Lake States, 2001-2002. • Hardwood roundwood production increased by 8 percent, from 6.3 million cords in 2001 to 6.8 million cords in 2002. Pulpwood production from hardwood residue decreased by 6 percent during the same period (fig. 3). • Whole-tree chip5 (WTC) production, at 678 thousand cords, made up 7 percent of the total pulpwood production in the Lake States in 2002. Compared to 2001 production levels, hardwood WTC production in 2002 increased by almost 8 percent while softwood WTC production decreased by 10 percent (fig. 4). • Aspen was the predominant species used in WTC in 2002 with 285 thousand cords or 42 percent of the total WTC production. Jack pine, at 61 thousand cords, was the predominant softwood species used in WTC in 2002 and accounted for 9 percent of the total WTC production. • Michigan was the major producer of WTC in the Lake States in 2002 with 344 thousand cords (51 percent of the WTC production) (fig. 5). Pulpwood produced from chipping entire trees (all portions of the trees above ground, except the stumps). 5 Michigan • Michigan’s total output of wood material for pulpwood production in 2002 remained at the 2001 level of 2.9 million cords (fig. 6, table 2). • Roundwood production for pulpwood rose to almost 2.5 million cords in 2002, an increase of 5 thousand cords from 2001 (table 3). • The Western Upper Peninsula remained the topproducing pulpwood region in the State in 2002 with 38 percent of the total roundwood harvested (fig. 7, tables 4 and 5). • From 2001 to 2002, roundwood pulpwood production increased by 15 percent in the Southern Lower Peninsula, increased by 5 percent in the Northern Lower Peninsula, and decreased by nearly 3 percent in both the Eastern Upper Peninsula and the Western Upper Peninsula. • The production of pulpwood from residues produced in Michigan decreased by less than 1 percent, falling from 452 thousand cords in 2001 to 448 thousand cords in 2002. 4 2001 4,000 3,500 2002 Thousand standard cords 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Aspen Soft maple Hard maple Paper birch Red oak Balsam poplar Basswood Ash Other Hardwood hardwoods residues Hardwood species Figure 3.—Hardwood pulpwood production in the Lake States, 2001-2002. Aspen 350 Thousand standard cords Maple Other hardwoods Softwoods 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1998 1999 2000 Year 2001 2002 Figure 4.—Whole-tree chip production in the Lake States, 1998-2002. 5 Michigan 160 Minnesota Wisconsin Thousand standard cords 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Aspen Maple Other hardwoods Species Softwoods Figure 5.—Whole-tree chip production by State in the Lake States, 2002. 1998 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Aspen Maple Thousand standard cords 1999 2000 2001 2002 Other hardwoods Species Pine Other softwoods Residues Figure 6.—Michigan pulpwood production by species group and residues, 1998-2002. 6 E. Upper Peninsula W. Upper Peninsula N. Lower Peninsula S. Lower Peninsula Thousand standard cords 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Aspen Maple Other hardwoods Species Pine Other softwoods Figure 7.—Michigan roundwood pulpwood production by Forest Survey Unit and species groups, 2002. Minnesota • Pulpwood production increased by 6 percent between 2001 and 2002, from 2.8 million cords in 2001 to 3.0 million cords in 2002 (fig. 8). • Hardwoods accounted for 79 percent of the total pulpwood produced in 2002. • Ninety-six percent of the pulpwood produced in Minnesota in 2002 came from roundwood sources. • The Northern Pine and the Aspen-Birch Forest Survey Units were the top pulpwood-producing roundwood regions in the State in 2002 with almost 1.4 million cords and 1.2 million cords, respectively (fig. 9, table 6). • Aspen accounted for 68 percent of all the roundwood harvested for pulpwood in Minnesota in 2002. • From 2001 to 2002, softwood residues produced in Minnesota and used for pulpwood production increased by 37 percent and hardwood residue production increased by 21 percent. 7 Aspen 2,500 Other hardwoods Spruce-fir Other softwoods Residues Thousand standard cords 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 1998 1999 2000 Year 2001 2002 Figure 8.—Minnesota pulpwood production by species group and residues, 1998-2002. Aspen 1,200 Thousand standard cords Other hardwoods Spruce-fir Other softwoods 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Aspen-Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwoods Prairie Forest Survey Unit Figure 9.—Minnesota roundwood pulpwood production by Forest Survey Unit and species group, 2002. 8 . Wisconsin • Pulpwood production in Wisconsin increased by 5 percent between 2001 and 2002, from 3.3 million cords to almost 3.5 million cords (fig. 10). • Hardwood material accounted for 77 percent of the total pulpwood production in 2002. • Roundwood harvested for pulpwood accounted for almost 89 percent of the pulpwood produced in 2002. • The Northwestern Forest Survey Unit remained the top producer of roundwood for pulping in the State with 1.3 million cords (fig. 11, table 7). • In 2002, softwood residues produced in Wisconsin and used for pulpwood production increased by 35 percent while hardwood residues decreased by 2 percent from the previous year. Harvesting Intensity • In the following figures, the distribution of the harvest is shown in two ways: first, the amount of pulpwood cut relative to the growing-stock volume in each of five major pulpwood species (fig. 12); second, the amount of pulpwood relative to commercial timberland area (fig. 13). 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Thousand standard cords 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Aspen Maple Other hardwoods Species Pine Other softwoods Residues Figure 10.—Wisconsin pulpwood production by species group and residues, 1998-2002. 9 Aspen 600 Thousand standard cords Maple Other hardwoods Pine Other softwoods 500 400 300 200 100 0 Northeastern Northwestern Central Southwestern Southeastern Forest Survey Unit Figure 11.—Wisconsin roundwood pulpwood production by Forest Survey Unit and species group, 2002. Northern Pine 14 Aspen-Birch 22 Western Upper Peninsula 22 Eastern Upper Peninsula 17 Northwestern Central 36 Northeastern Hardwoods 24 28 Prairie >100 Central 61 South- Southwestern eastern >100 25 Northern Lower Peninsula 17 Minnesota Wisconsin Southern Lower Peninsula 7 Jack Pine Michigan Figure 12.—Cords of roundwood pulpwood (including chips from roundwood) harvested per 1,000 cords of growing-stock volume for each of five principal pulpwood species by Forest Survey Unit, 2002. Growingstock volume was determined during the last forest inventory for each State. 10 Northern Pine 4 Aspen-Birch 5 Western Upper Eastern Upper Peninsula Peninsula 8 1 Northwestern Central 13 Hardwoods Northeastern 16 10 Prairie 0 Central 44 South- Southwestern eastern 20 36 Northern Lower Peninsula 1 Minnesota Wisconsin Southern Lower Peninsula 1 Red Pine Michigan Aspen-Birch 38 Northern Pine 38 Western Upper Eastern Upper Peninsula Peninsula 26 27 Central Hardwoods 28 Prairie 55 Northwestern 38 Northeastern 32 Central 31 South- Southwestern eastern 7 4 Northern Lower Peninsula 18 Minnesota Wisconsin Southern Lower Peninsula 5 Aspen Michigan 11 Aspen-Birch 8 Northern Pine 10 Western Upper Eastern Upper Peninsula Peninsula 9 10 Central Hardwoods 7 Prairie 15 Northwestern 14 Northeastern 11 Central 23 South- Southwestern eastern 2 6 Northern Lower Peninsula 6 Minnesota Wisconsin Southern Lower Peninsula 2 Birch Michigan Northern Pine 6 Aspen-Birch 12 Western Upper Eastern Upper Peninsula Peninsula 9 12 Northwestern Central 17 Northeastern Hardwoods 6 18 Prairie <1 Central 14 South- Southwestern eastern 2 5 Northern Lower Peninsula 8 Minnesota Wisconsin Southern Lower Peninsula 2 Maple Michigan 12 Figure 13.—Cords of pulpwood cut per 1,000 acres of timberland by county, 2002. Acres of timberland (stocking of trees greater than 10 percent) were determined during the last inventory in each State. Locations of active pulp and particleboard mills are shown. 13 Pulpwood harvesting was most intensive (100,000 cords or more) in the following Forest Survey Units by species: Species Red pine Spruce Aspen State Wisconsin Minnesota Michigan Forest Survey Unit Central Aspen-Birch N. Lower Peninsula, W. Upper Peninsula, E. Upper Peninsula Northern Pine, Aspen-Birch, Central Hardwoods Northwestern, Northeastern, Central Northwestern W. Upper Peninsula, E. Upper Peninsula Northeastern, Northwestern N. Lower Peninsula, W. Upper Peninsula, E. Upper Peninsula Northwestern, Northeastern Minnesota Wisconsin White birch Hard maple Wisconsin Michigan Wisconsin Soft maple Michigan Wisconsin RECEIPTS • In 2002, 30 wood pulp and 14 particleboard mills in the Lake States acquired 9.9 million cords of pulpwood, an increase of almost 3 percent from 2001. • Aspen roundwood was processed at 35 of the 44 pulp and particleboard plants in the Lake States in 2002 (fig. 14, table 8). • In 2002, Wisconsin supplied wood to 34 mills, Michigan supplied 32 mills, and Minnesota supplied 25 mills. • Total imports from outside the Lake States of all wood material in 2002 were 577 thousand cords, a decrease of 16 percent from 2001. Canada contributed almost 85 percent of the total import receipts. 14 2001 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2002 Number of mills Species Figure 14.—Numbers of industrial plants in the Lake States using a particular species or residue for pulping and particleboard, 2001-2002. • Imports of aspen roundwood from Canada to Lake States pulp and particleboard mills decreased by 28 percent in 2002, going from 402 thousand cords in 2001 to 290 thousand cords in 2002. • Imports of residues decreased by almost 19 percent between 2001 and 2002. The Plains States and Canada supplied 82 percent of the total residues imported by mills in the Lake States. Michigan • The seven Michigan pulp mills, three OSB mills, and one particleboard mill consumed almost 3.0 million cords in 2002, almost 2 percent more than the previous year. Eleven percent of the total wood material consumed was imported from out of State, with Wisconsin supplying 75 percent of the imported wood material. Minnesota • The eight pulp mills, five OSB mills, and one laminated structural lumber mill in Minnesota reported consuming almost 3.6 million cords in 2002, an increase of 10 percent from 2001. Minnesota’s pulp and particleboard mills acquired 19 percent of their raw material from out-of-State sources. Wisconsin supplied over 50 percent of the imported wood material. Wisconsin • The 15 pulp mills, 2 OSB mills, and 2 particleboard mills in Wisconsin consumed 3.4 million cords in 2002, a decline of almost 4 percent from 2001. Almost 17 percent of the total receipts were imported from out of State, with 45 percent of the total wood material imported from Michigan. O O th ak er ha rd So w oo ftw ds oo d re H si ar du dw es oo d re si du es M ap le ne ds n h ftw ru As O th Ba ls am Sp er so po pl ar -fi pe rc Pi ce oo Bi As h r 15 INDUSTRY TRENDS AND ANALYSIS Pulp Mills For this section, pulp mill products include wood fiber products such as paper, paperboard, hardboard, insulation board, and medium-density fiberboard. All of these products are manufactured from wood that has been reduced to individual fibers, small fiber bundles, or fiber parts that are subsequently formed into a mat. Wood material from the Lake States sent to mills in other States and Canada is included. • Of the 9.0 million cords of pulpwood produced in the Lake States in 2002, almost 6.8 million cords (72 percent) were used for wood pulp products. Overall, 88 percent came from roundwood and 12 percent came from mill residues. • Principal species harvested for pulp in the Lake States in 2002 were aspen (1.9 million cords), soft maple (780 thousand cords), hard maple (760 thousand cords), and jack pine (253 thousand cords) (fig. 15). • Hardwoods were still the mainstays of the pulp mills in the region in 2002 with hardwood roundwood contributing almost 65 percent of total raw material needs and hardwood residues supplying another 7 percent. • Lake States softwood roundwood production for pulp mills increased by 10 percent between 2001 and 2002. Softwood residues from the Lake States primary wood processors used by pulp mills decreased by almost 14 percent from the previous year. • Average daily wood pulp production in 2002 rose to 14.6 thousand tons of pulp per day, up from 14.3 thousand tons per day in 2001 (table 9). • Lake States pulpwood production for pulp mills during the period 1998-2002 is shown in table A. 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Thousand standard cords 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Aspen Maple Other hardwoods Pine Species Spruce-fir Other softwoods Residues Figure 15.—Pulpwood production in the Lake States for pulp by species group and residues, 1998-2002. 16 Table A.—Lake States pulpwood production for pulp mills, 1998-2002 Product form and species group Roundwood Softwoods Aspen Other hardwoods Residue Total 1,627 1,825 2,198 813 6,463 1,599 1,981 2,232 867 6,680 1,674 2,045 2,354 852 6,925 1,658 1,707 2,320 804 6,488 1,500 1,854 2,573 825 6,753 1998 1999 Production 2000 2001 2002 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (Thousand cords) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Michigan • Pulpwood production for wood pulp was 2.1 million cords in 2002, an increase of 1 percent from 2001. Michigan had the smallest increase of wood pulp production of the three Lakes States in 2002. • Soft maple, hard maple, and aspen were the major pulpwood species groups harvested in the State in 2002. All together, these three species groups accounted for over 60 percent of the total roundwood harvested. • Michigan mills imported 239 thousand cords of pulpwood, or 12 percent of the wood material used for the production of wood pulp by Michigan wood pulp mills. Michigan exported almost 263 thousand cords to wood pulp mills in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Canada. • Michigan mills used almost 1.7 million cords of hardwood material in 2002, an increase of almost 9 percent from 2001. The use of softwood material decreased by 20 percent to 388 thousand cords during the same period. Minnesota • Pulpwood production for wood pulp totaled 1.7 million cords in 2002, an increase of 6 percent from 2001. • In 2001, aspen remained the predominant species harvested in the State with almost 892 thousand cords, or 56 percent of the total roundwood produced. Other major species harvested were spruce with 215 thousand cords and balsam fir with 166 thousand cords. • Mills in Minnesota imported 553 thousand cords of wood material for pulp products (359 thousand cords from Wisconsin, 184 thousand cords from Canada, and 10 thousand cords from Michigan). Minnesota exported 112 thousand cords to pulp mills in Wisconsin and 11 thousand cords to pulp mills in Canada. • Minnesota mills had a 10-percent increase in the use of hardwood material, from 1.4 million cords in 2001 to 1.6 million cords in 2002. The use of softwood material increased by 19 percent to 560 thousand cords in 2002. Wisconsin • Pulpwood production for wood pulp products increased by 5 percent, from 2.9 million cords in 2001 to 3.0 million cords in 2002. • Aspen was the main species harvested with 622 thousand cords. Other major species harvested were hard maple (407 thousand cords), soft maple (368 thousand cords), red pine (243 thousand cords), white birch (211 thousand cords), and jack pine (199 thousand cords). • Wisconsin mills imported 483 thousand cords of pulpwood: 231 thousand cords from Michigan, 112 thousand cords from Minnesota, 17 76 thousand cords from other States, and 64 thousand cords from Canada. Wisconsin exported 359 thousand cords to Minnesota, 217 thousand cords to Michigan, and 6 thousand cords to other States and Canada combined. • Wisconsin pulp mills decreased the use of hardwood material by less than 2 percent between 2001 and 2002 and decreased the use of softwood material by 11 percent. Particleboard Mills Particleboard is a generic term for a panel manufactured from lignocellulosic material—commonly wood—essentially in the form of particles (as distinct from fibers). These materials are bonded together with synthetic resin or other suitable binder under heat and pressure by a process wherein the interparticle bonds are created wholly by the added binder. Other materials may have been added during manufacture to improve certain properties. The many types of particleboard differ greatly in regard to size and geometry of the particle, the amount of resin (adhesive) used, and the density to which the panel is pressed. Products included in the particleboard group include particleboard, waferboard. oriented strandboard (OSB), and engineered lumber. The major types of particles used for particleboard are shavings, flakes, wafers, chips, sawdust, strands, slivers, and wood wool (excelsior). Much of the particleboard in the U.S. is made from residues (shavings, sawdust, or chips). Waferboard, OSB, and engineered lumber are examples of products requiring that the particles be cut from solid wood (saw logs or pulpwood). Wood material from the Lake States sent to mills in other States and Canada is included. • The Lake States produced 2.6 million cords of pulpwood in 2002 for particleboard products, up 2 percent from 2001. For every cord of pulpwood used in particleboard manufacture, 95 percent came from roundwood and 5 percent came from the residues of other woodusing plants. • Principal species harvested for particleboard products were aspen (1.9 million cords), white birch (169 thousand cords), jack pine (108 thousand cords), and soft maple (99 thousand cords) (fig. 16). • In 2002, the Lake States produced 149 thousand cords of softwood roundwood and 2.4 million cords of hardwood roundwood for processing at particleboard plants. Roundwood production for the manufacture of particleboard products rose by almost 3 percent 18 between 2001 and 2002. All the roundwood that was harvested in the Lake States for particleboard production stayed in the region. • The Lake States in 2002 produced 51 thousand cords of softwood residues and 78 thousand cords of hardwood residues for use in particleboard production. Between 2001 and 2002, the use of residues for particleboard production increased by 19 percent. • Annual production at Lake States particleboard plants rose from 1,987 million square feet 3/4inch basis in 2001 to 2,015 million square feet 3/4-inch basis in 2002 (table 10). • Lake States pulpwood production for particleboard mills during 1998-2002 is shown in table B. Aspen 2,500 Thousand standard cords Other hardwoods Softwoods Residues 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 1998 1999 2000 Year 2001 2002 Figure 16.—Pulpwood production for particleboard in the Lake States, 1998-2002. Michigan • Michigan’s production of wood material for particleboard production decreased by almost 3 percent from 2001 to 2002, falling from 856 thousand cords in 2001 to 832 thousand cords in 2002. • In 2002, the harvest of roundwood from Michigan forest land provided 766 thousand cords of wood for particleboard products, of which 81 thousand cords were softwoods and 684 thousand cords were hardwoods. Residues from Michigan’s primary wood-using mills provided another 66 thousand cords of wood material that were used for particleboard products. • The particleboard mills in Michigan imported 60 thousand cords from Canada and 39 thousand cords from Wisconsin. Exports of all wood material for particleboard production amounted to 22 thousand cords, all of which went to Wisconsin. Minnesota • The production of wood material for particleboard production in Minnesota increased by almost 6 percent from 2001 to 2002, rising from 1.2 million cords in 2001 to 1.3 million cords in 2002. • Minnesota accounted for almost half of all the wood material produced in the Lake States for Table B.—Lake States pulpwood production for particleboard mills, 1998-2002 Product form and species Roundwood Softwoods Aspen Other hardwoods Residue Total 135 2,078 362 172 2,748 152 2,139 380 205 2,876 159 1,939 374 156 2,628 174 1,880 396 108 2,558 149 1,938 431 129 2,647 1998 1999 Production 2000 2001 2002 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (Thousand cords) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19 particleboard plants in 2002. Roundwood logged for particleboard products totaled 1.3 million cords, and aspen was the predominant species cut (1.1 million cords). Minnesota supplied less than 1 thousand cords of mill residues for particleboard production. • The particleboard mills in Minnesota imported 129 thousand cords from Canada and 6 thousand cords from Wisconsin and North Dakota combined. In 2002, raw materials exported from the State for particleboard manufacturing totaled 27 thousand cords, all of which went to Wisconsin. Wisconsin • The production of wood material for particleboard production in Wisconsin increased by 8 percent from 2001 to 2002, rising from 457 thousand cords in 2001 to 495 thousand cords in 2002. • In 2002, Wisconsin forest land produced 431 thousand cords of roundwood for particleboard manufacturing, of which 17 thousand cords were softwood and 414 thousand cords were hardwood. Wisconsin’s primary wood processing mills provided an additional 63 thousand cords of plant byproducts to the particleboard industry. • The mills in Wisconsin imported almost 85 thousand cords of wood for particleboard manufacturing: 36 thousand cords from Canada, 27 thousand cords from Minnesota, and 22 thousand cords from Michigan. Wisconsin exported 39 thousand cords to Michigan particleboard mills and 1 thousand cords to Minnesota particleboard mills in 2002. Industry News Major mill expansion, new construction, consolidations, name changes, and closures are as follows: • Johnson Controls medium-density fiberboard mill at Battle Creek, MI, switched from processing peeled roundwood to market pulp in May 2001. • Domtar Inc. purchased the Georgia-Pacific Corp.’s pulp mills in Nekoosa and Port Edwards, WI, in August 2001. The two mills’ names were changed to Domtar Industries, Inc. • Appleton Coated LLC’s pulp mill at Combined Locks, WI, was closed in December 2001. • Georgia-Pacific Corp.’s hardboard pulp mill at Superior, WI, was closed in December 2001. • Cornell Felt Acquisition of Beloit bought the Globe Building Materials plant at Cornell, WI, in January 2001. Mule-Hide Dry Felt Manufacturing, a subsidiary of ABC Supply Co. in Beloit, leased and began operating the plant in March 2002. 20 CENTRAL STATES PRODUCTION • Pulpwood production in the Central States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri) decreased by 9 percent—from 469 thousand cords in 2001 to 427 thousand cords in 2002. • The Central States’ pulpwood production from both roundwood and residues from primary wood processing mills decreased by 9 percent from 2001 to 2002. • Wood residues accounted for 65 percent of the total wood material produced in the Central States for the pulp and particleboard industry in 2002 (table 11). • Pulpwood production from soft hardwood6 roundwood fell from 51 thousand cords in 2001 to 26 thousand cords in 2002 while hard hardwood7 production rose from 113 thousand cords to 122 thousand cords (fig. 17, table 12). • Exports of roundwood and residues from the Central States in 2002 accounted for 75 percent of all wood material produced in the region for pulpwood production. Roundwood exports totaled 126 thousand cords, and the export of residues from other wood-using mills totaled 194 thousand cords. 6 Hardwood species with an average specific gravity of 0.50 or less. Hardwood species with an average specific gravity greater than 0.50. 7 Residues 350 Hard hardwoods Soft hardwoods Softwoods Thousand standard cords 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1998 1999 2000 Year 2001 2002 Figure 17.—Pulpwood production in the Central States, 1998-2002. 21 • Loggers harvested pulpwood in 20 counties in Illinois, 12 counties in Indiana, 5 counties in Iowa, and 14 counties in Missouri (fig. 18). • Pulpwood production from whole-tree chips decreased by 55 percent between 2001 and 2002. The 24 thousand cords of whole-tree chips made up 16 percent of the total roundwood produced in the Central States in 2002. Illinois • Illinois does not have any primary wood pulp or particleboard mills; consequently, all pulpwood harvested and residues produced by primary wood-processing mills, which are utilized by pulp or particleboard mills, are shipped to plants outside the State. • Illinois produced 59 thousand cords of pulpwood in 2002, a decrease of 21 percent from the previous year (table 13). • Illinois produced the second largest volume of pulpwood roundwood in the Central States in 2002, supplying 39 percent of the Central States’ total roundwood production. Pulpwood production from residues accounted for only 3 percent of the region’s total residue production. Overall, Illinois contributed 16 percent of the total pulpwood produced in the Central States in 2002 (fig. 19). Indiana • Pulpwood production in Indiana accounted for 32 percent of the total pulpwood produced in the Central States region in 2002. The 135 thousand cords of wood material produced in Indiana in 2002 was a 16-percent decrease from the 2001 level of 160 thousand cords. • Roundwood production decreased by over 30 percent, falling from 23 thousand cords in 2001 to 16 thousand cords in 2002. Residue production decreased by 13 percent, falling from 137 thousand cords in 2001 to 119 thousand cords in 2002. Iowa • Iowa’s total pulpwood production in 2002 was 30 thousand cords, a decrease of almost 32 percent from 2001. The State contributed 7 percent of the region’s total pulpwood produced. • Roundwood from Iowa decreased by over 90 percent between 2001 and 2002. • Residues accounted for over 95 percent of Iowa’s pulpwood production in 2002. Missouri • Missouri replaced Illinois as the largest producer of pulpwood in the Central States in 2002, with 47 percent of the region’s total, or 202 thousand cords. The production of pulpwood in Missouri increased by over 6 percent between 2001 and 2002. • Missouri was the Central States’ largest producer of roundwood for pulpwood and second largest producer of residues from primary wood-processing plants used for pulpwood production in 2002. The State produced 84 thousand cords of roundwood and 119 thousand cords of residues. • Missouri exported over 90 percent (188 thousand cords) of the State’s pulpwood production to mills in the Southern States. 22 Figure 18.—Production of pulpwood from roundwood (including chips from roundwood) in the Central States by county, in standard cords, 2002. Locations of active Central States pulp mills are shown. 23 Residues 140 Thousand standard cords Hard hardwood Soft hardwood Softwood 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Illinois Indiana State Iowa Missouri Figure 19.—Central States pulpwood production by species group and residues, 2002. RECEIPTS Due to the limited number of pulp mills in the Central States, individual State receipts are not reported to avoid disclosure of individual mill’s receipts. INDUSTRY TRENDS AND ANALYSIS • Average daily wood pulp production decreased from 490 tons in 2001 to 473 tons in 2002 (table 14). • In 2002, only 16 percent of the roundwood and 30 percent of the residues produced for pulpwood in the Central States went to pulp mills located in the Central States. • Hardwood residue from sawmills and other wood-using mills accounted for 65 percent of all the wood material used by the Central States pulp mills. It continues to be the dominant form of wood material procured. • Pulp mills in the Central States received 137 thousand cords in 2002, a decrease of almost 22 percent from 2001. • Roundwood receipts decreased by 60 percent—from 60 thousand cords in 2001 to 24 thousand cords in 2002. Residue receipts decreased by 1 percent—from 115 thousand cords in 2001 to 113 thousand cords in 2002. • Softwood roundwood was not used for pulpwood by the Central States pulp mills. 24 PLAINS STATES PRODUCTION • In 2002, the Plains States produced 123 thousand cords of roundwood and mill residues for pulpwood production, an increase of 8 percent from 2001 (fig. 20). Pulpwood came from Kansas, North Dakota, and South Dakota. • Softwood residues accounted for 86 percent of the pulpwood production for the Plains States in 2002 (fig. 21), all of which came from South Dakota. • The Plains States exported 5 thousand cords, or 30 percent of the total roundwood production, to Minnesota in 2002. Over half of the residues produced in the Plains States and used for pulpwood production, went to pulp or particleboard mills in Wisconsin. • The only mill in the Plains States in 2002 was Merillat Industries, Inc. (particleboard), in Rapid City, SD, which has an annual production capacity of 95 million square feet 3/4-inch basis. Hardwood roundwood 4% Softwood roundwood 9% Hardwood residues 1% Softwood residues 86% Figure 21.—Plains States pulpwood production by species group and residues, 2002. Residues 160 Thousand standard cords Hardwoods Softwoods 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1998 1999 2000 Year 2001 2002 Figure 20.—Pulpwood production in the Plains States, 1998-2002. 25 RB-NC-239 continues on next page 26 APPENDIX Conversion Factors Used In The North-Central Region Standard cords of green roundwood per green ton: Species Softwoods Northern white-cedar Balsam fir Hemlock Jack pine Red pine White pine Shortleaf pine Spruce Tamarack Hardwoods Soft hardwoods Hard hardwoods Ash Aspen Balsam poplar Basswood Beech Factor 0.4688 .6329 .4688 .4150 .4688 .4688 .4777 .3956 .5014 .4291 .3939 .4171 .3708 .4330 .4291 .4083 .5167 .3956 Species Hardwoods (continued) White birch Yellow birch River birch Sweetgum Yellow-poplar Blackgum Sycamore Cottonwood Elm Hickory Hard maple Soft maple Black cherry Red oak White oak Black oak Other hardwoods Factor 0.4018 .3723 .3871 .3669 .4219 .3779 .4083 .4291 .4018 .3701 .3617 .4083 .4688 .3444 .3723 .3444 .4777 27 TABLE TITLES Table 8.—Number of industrial pulp or particleboard plants in the Lake States by product form, species group used, and State, 2002 Table 2.—Lake States pulpwood production by State of origin, year, and destination, 1998-2002 Table 3.—Lake States pulpwood production from roundwood by State, Forest Survey Unit, and species group, 1998-2002 Table 4.—Lake States pulpwood production by State of origin, product form, Forest Survey Unit, and destination, 2002 Table 5.—Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Michigan, 2002 Table 6.—Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Minnesota, 2002 Table 14.—Average daily production of active wood Table 7.—Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Wisconsin, 2002 pulp mills in the Central States by company, location, and type of pulp produced, 2002 Table 12.—Central States pulpwood production by product form and species group, 1998-2002 Table 13.—Central States pulpwood production by State and destination, 1998-2002 Table 11.—Production and imports of pulpwood, Central States, 2002 Table 10.—Annual production of active particleboard and panel mills in the Lake States by State, company, location, and product produced, 2002 Table 9.—Average daily production of active wood pulp mills in the Lake States by State, company, location, and type of pulp produced, 2002 Table 1.—Production and imports of pulpwood, Lake States, 2002 28 TABLES 29 30 Table 1.--Production and imports of pulpwood, Lake States, 2002 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Production by State 1 Product form, species group, and destination Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Softwood roundwood Northern white-cedar Michigan 4,362 -49 Total 4,362 -49 Balsam fir Canada 6,705 --Michigan 46,702 -524 Minnesota 2,380 169,282 16,330 Wisconsin 14,580 197 54,510 Total 70,366 169,479 71,363 Hemlock Michigan 70,982 -5,193 Wisconsin 1,111 -18,892 Total 72,094 -24,085 Jack pine Michigan 132,484 -554 Minnesota -113,047 3,728 Wisconsin 2,327 6,974 200,489 Total 134,810 120,021 204,771 Red pine Michigan 45,366 -917 Minnesota -38,752 5,463 Wisconsin 3,127 2,227 241,576 Total 48,493 40,979 247,955 White pine Michigan 7,757 -76 Minnesota -1,189 58 Wisconsin 874 530 67,837 Total 8,631 1,718 67,972 Spruce Canada 4,470 --Michigan 25,634 -251 Minnesota 2,132 158,572 6,238 Wisconsin 14,818 56,209 42,447 Total 47,054 214,781 48,937 Imports Plains Other U.S. 2 S ta te s Regional Total Central S ta te s Canada Total imports Total receipts 4,411 4,411 6,705 47,225 187,991 69,287 311,209 76,175 20,003 96,178 133,038 116,774 209,790 459,602 46,282 44,215 246,930 337,427 7,833 1,247 69,241 78,321 4,470 25,885 166,943 113,474 310,772 ------------7 7 --657 657 --503 503 ---------------------------------------------------------------586 57 643 ----13,019 -13,019 -3 -3 --38 38 --14,384 8,332 22,715 ----586 57 643 ----13,019 7 13,026 -3 657 660 --541 541 --14,384 8,332 22,715 4,411 4,411 -47,225 188,577 69,344 305,146 76,175 20,003 96,178 133,038 129,794 209,797 472,629 46,282 44,218 247,587 338,087 7,833 1,247 69,782 78,862 -25,885 181,326 121,806 329,017 Tamarack Michigan 6,714 Minnesota -Wisconsin 555 Total 7,269 Total softwood roundwood Canada 11,175 Michigan 340,000 Minnesota 4,512 Wisconsin 37,392 Total 393,079 Softwood residues Canada 9,907 Michigan 163,406 Minnesota -Wisconsin 96,141 Total 269,454 Total softwood material Canada 21,083 Michigan 503,406 Minnesota 4,512 Wisconsin 133,533 Total 662,534 -14,554 12,956 27,509 --495,395 79,092 574,487 8,633 -47,302 -55,935 8,633 -542,697 79,092 630,422 81 381 15,866 16,328 -7,645 32,198 641,617 681,460 586 195 1,921 100,778 103,481 586 7,840 34,119 742,395 784,941 6,795 14,935 29,377 51,107 11,175 347,645 532,105 758,101 1,649,026 19,126 163,601 49,224 196,919 428,870 30,302 511,246 581,329 955,020 2,077,896 -------1,168 1,168 --------1,168 1,168 ------------57,778 57,778 ---57,778 57,778 ------------15,754 15,754 ---15,754 15,754 --1,303 1,303 --27,991 9,729 37,721 --252 1,151 1,403 --1,303 1,303 --27,991 10,897 38,888 --252 74,683 74,935 6,795 14,935 30,680 52,410 -347,645 560,096 768,999 1,676,739 -163,601 49,476 271,601 484,678 -----511,246 28,243 28,243 609,572 10,881 85,580 1,040,600 39,124 113,823 2,161,418 (Table 1 continued on next page) 31 32 (Table 1 continued) Production by State 1 Product form, species group, and destination Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Hardwood roundwood Ash Michigan 23,286 -4,380 Minnesota 72 3,688 4,795 Wisconsin 4,471 46 71,198 Total 27,829 3,734 80,373 Aspen Michigan 775,045 -30,903 Minnesota 1,276 1,940,288 174,289 Wisconsin 55,540 24,357 791,141 Total 831,861 1,964,645 996,333 Balsam poplar Michigan 34,266 -1,640 Minnesota 17 100,328 2,773 Wisconsin -1,878 82 Total 34,283 102,206 4,494 Basswood Michigan 56,496 -13,754 Minnesota 448 21,460 9,917 Wisconsin 1,716 119 34,124 Total 58,659 21,578 57,795 Beech Michigan 43,904 -11,962 Wisconsin 184 -2,873 Total 44,088 -14,836 White birch Michigan 93,756 -12,465 Minnesota 67 144,732 11,021 Wisconsin 10,037 21,160 194,336 Total 103,859 165,891 217,822 Yellow birch Michigan 37,722 -9,421 Wisconsin 2,537 -23,559 Total 40,259 -32,980 Cottonwood Minnesota -419 -Wisconsin --658 Total -419 658 Regional Total Central States Imports Plains Other U.S. 2 States Canada Total imports Total receipts 27,666 8,555 75,715 111,936 805,948 2,115,852 871,039 3,792,839 35,905 103,118 1,960 140,983 70,250 31,825 35,958 138,033 55,866 3,057 58,923 106,221 155,820 225,532 487,573 47,143 26,096 73,239 419 658 1,077 ------------------------------ -----3,094 -3,094 -118 -118 --------------1,743 -1,743 ------------------------------ 312 1,435 1,649 3,396 59,689 197,572 33,179 290,440 950 22,831 2,531 26,312 558 1,713 421 2,692 854 -854 868 2,418 28,031 31,317 670 336 1,007 ---- 312 1,435 1,649 3,396 59,689 200,666 33,179 293,534 950 22,949 2,531 26,430 558 1,713 421 2,692 854 -854 868 2,418 28,031 31,317 670 336 1,007 1,743 -1,743 27,978 9,990 77,364 115,332 865,638 2,316,518 904,217 4,086,373 36,856 126,067 4,491 167,413 70,808 33,537 36,379 140,725 56,721 3,057 59,778 107,089 158,238 253,563 518,890 47,813 26,433 74,246 2,161 658 2,820 Elm Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Hickory Michigan Total Hard maple Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Soft maple Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Red oak Michigan Wisconsin Total White oak Michigan Wisconsin Total Other hardwoods Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total 2,104 50 993 3,147 3,288 3,288 353,761 1,717 18,864 374,341 421,393 1,938 12,745 436,076 55,183 2,498 57,681 22,313 995 23,308 19,217 59 367 19,642 -650 -650 ---9,836 277 10,113 -58,225 3,902 62,127 -243 243 -101 101 -758 -758 -1,781 13,391 15,172 --67,877 28,532 315,072 411,481 74,231 86,235 220,755 381,222 5,228 135,491 140,719 -42,498 42,498 4,822 2,078 2,629 9,530 2,104 2,481 14,383 18,968 3,288 3,288 421,638 40,085 334,213 795,935 495,625 146,398 237,402 879,424 60,411 138,232 198,642 22,313 43,594 65,907 24,039 2,895 2,996 29,930 ---------------10 10 -5 5 ----- ------------------------- ------------------------- -63 252 315 --4,818 253 8,382 13,453 5,292 2,571 6,733 14,596 372 5,050 5,422 -1,953 1,953 -63 252 315 --4,818 253 8,382 13,453 5,292 2,571 6,733 14,596 372 5,061 5,433 -1,958 1,958 2,104 2,544 14,635 19,283 3,288 3,288 426,456 40,338 342,594 809,388 500,916 148,969 244,134 894,020 60,783 143,292 204,075 22,313 45,553 67,866 344 344 24,383 73 73 2,968 --2,996 417 417 30,347 (Table 1 continued on next page) 33 34 (Table 1 continued) Production by State 1 Product form, species group, and destination Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total hardwood roundwood Michigan 1,941,733 -236,685 Minnesota 5,643 2,280,382 321,422 Wisconsin 110,945 52,083 1,847,806 Total 2,058,322 2,332,464 2,405,913 Hardwood residues Canada -2,614 -Michigan 169,529 -11,246 Minnesota -41,909 4,475 --5,371 Other3 Wisconsin 9,198 7,795 273,309 Total 178,727 52,318 294,401 Total hardwood material Canada -2,614 -Michigan 2,111,262 -247,931 Minnesota 5,643 2,322,291 325,897 --5,371 Other3 Wisconsin 120,143 59,878 2,121,115 Total 2,237,049 2,384,782 2,700,314 Total all roundwood Canada 11,175 --Michigan 2,281,733 -244,330 Minnesota 10,156 2,775,777 353,620 Wisconsin 148,337 131,174 2,489,424 Total 2,451,401 2,906,951 3,087,373 Total all residues Canada 9,907 11,247 586 Michigan 332,935 -11,441 Minnesota -89,212 6,396 --5,371 Other3 Wisconsin 105,339 7,795 374,087 Total 448,181 108,253 397,882 Total all wood material Canada 21,083 11,247 586 Michigan 2,614,668 -255,771 Minnesota 10,156 2,864,988 360,016 --5,371 Other3 Wisconsin 253,676 138,969 2,863,511 Total 2,899,583 3,015,204 3,485,255 1 Regional Total 2,178,418 2,607,447 2,010,834 6,796,699 2,614 180,775 46,384 5,371 290,302 525,446 2,614 2,359,194 2,653,831 5,371 2,301,136 7,322,146 11,175 2,526,063 3,139,552 2,768,935 8,445,725 21,740 344,377 95,608 5,371 487,221 954,317 32,916 2,870,439 3,235,160 5,371 3,256,156 9,400,042 Central States --16 16 -8,570 --1,457 10,027 -8,570 --1,473 10,043 ---1,183 1,183 -8,570 --1,457 10,027 -8,570 --2,640 11,211 Imports Plains Other U.S. 2 States -4,954 -4,954 --------4,954 --4,954 --4,954 -4,954 ----57,778 57,778 --4,954 -57,778 62,732 -------------------------15,754 15,754 ----15,754 15,754 Canada 74,727 228,929 88,517 392,173 --56,322 --56,322 -74,727 285,251 -88,517 448,495 -74,727 256,920 98,247 429,894 --56,574 -1,151 57,725 -74,727 313,494 -99,398 487,619 Total imports 74,727 233,883 88,533 397,143 -8,570 56,322 -1,457 66,349 -83,297 290,205 -89,990 463,492 -74,727 261,875 99,430 436,032 -8,570 56,574 -76,140 141,284 -83,297 318,448 -175,570 577,315 Total receipts 2,253,145 2,841,330 2,099,367 7,193,842 -189,346 102,706 -291,759 583,811 -2,442,491 2,944,036 -2,391,126 7,777,653 -2,600,790 3,401,427 2,868,365 8,870,582 -352,947 152,182 -563,361 1,068,489 -2,953,737 3,553,608 -3,431,726 9,939,071 Vertical columns of figures under the box heading "Production by State" present the amount of roundwood cut or residue generated in each State. 2 Mostly Western States. 3 Pulpwood shipped to mills outside of region. Table may not add due to rounding. Table 2.--Lake States pulpwood production by State of origin, year, and destination, 1998-2002 (In thousand standard cords, unpeeled) 1 MICHIGAN Destination of pulpwood Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin 2,773 1 272 2,753 5 306 2,791 7 272 2,570 9 299 2,615 10 254 2,700 6 281 MINNESOTA Destination of pulpwood Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin -2,685 251 -2,851 216 -2,803 211 -2,630 187 -2,865 139 -2,767 201 WISCONSIN Destination of pulpwood Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin 204 50 2,905 206 63 3,064 195 151 3,068 274 133 2,898 256 360 2,864 227 151 2,960 Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 5-year average Total production 3,076 3,115 3,097 2,898 2,900 3,017 Other 2 30 50 27 20 21 30 Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 5-year average Total production 2,975 3,104 3,036 2,839 3,015 2,994 Other 2 39 39 21 22 11 26 Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 5-year average 1 2 Total production 3,160 3,336 3,420 3,309 3,485 3,342 Other 2 2 2 6 4 6 4 Includes mill residues used for pulp. Includes Canada. Table may not add due to rounding. 35 36 Table 3.--Lake States pulpwood production from roundwood by State, Forest Survey Unit, and species group, 1998-2002 (In thousand standard cords, unpeeled) MICHIGAN Forest Survey Unit Eastern Upper Peninsula Western Upper Peninsula Northern Lower Peninsula Southern Lower Peninsula Total 1998 590 1,131 852 89 2,662 All 1999 627 1,120 797 87 2,632 species 2000 2001 575 646 1,141 959 841 789 76 53 2,633 2,446 2002 629 933 829 61 2,451 1998 106 75 120 1 302 1999 110 72 108 1 291 Pine 2000 110 66 106 1 283 2001 118 59 106 1 284 2002 69 46 74 2 192 1998 25 31 1 * 57 1999 24 23 2 * 50 Spruce 2000 19 30 3 * 51 2001 26 32 2 -61 2002 19 27 1 -47 Aspen-Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwoods Prairie Total 1,119 1,357 253 72 2,800 1,171 1,449 237 94 2,951 1,210 1,428 228 71 2,937 1,171 1,318 180 86 2,755 1,233 1,373 210 91 2,907 MINNESOTA 33 27 43 45 20 12 * * 97 84 WISCONSIN 149 117 151 164 278 290 51 51 19 13 649 635 1,048 1,010 44 62 10 * 116 59 63 15 * 138 60 88 14 * 163 110 41 4 * 156 102 45 1 * 149 125 56 1 * 182 148 51 1 * 200 145 69 1 * 215 Northeastern Northwestern Central Southwestern Southeastern Total Total Lake States 874 1,119 652 87 33 2,765 8,227 899 1,209 695 79 18 2,900 8,483 1,002 1,211 650 87 25 2,974 8,545 1,001 1,159 645 78 50 2,932 8,133 994 1,340 634 80 39 3,087 8,446 146 190 262 44 13 655 1,054 115 168 270 31 15 600 1,021 88 134 251 29 19 521 875 18 16 3 2 2 40 253 21 31 24 19 21 28 15 25 5 4 6 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 50 66 49 49 249 300 309 311 (Table 3 continued on next page) (Table 3 continued) Balsam fir 1999 2000 31 23 37 36 5 6 * -73 64 MICHIGAN Other softwoods 1998 1999 2000 2001 22 25 24 40 55 57 65 62 * 1 * 1 * * * * 77 82 90 103 MINNESOTA 9 10 6 3 1 * * * 16 12 WISCONSIN 22 24 10 13 2 2 * * * * 34 39 127 133 Aspen 2000 144 308 367 19 838 Forest Survey Unit Eastern Upper Peninsula Western Upper Peninsula Northern Lower Peninsula Southern Lower Peninsula Total 1998 28 41 3 -72 2001 26 33 4 * 64 2002 33 33 4 * 70 2002 32 51 * -84 1998 148 309 375 25 857 1999 165 287 354 26 832 2001 153 292 366 15 826 2002 160 269 388 15 832 Aspen-Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwoods Prairie Total 101 80 6 * 188 108 85 1 * 194 110 72 2 -184 101 68 1 171 94 74 1 * 169 12 6 * * 18 25 21 * * 46 20 7 * * 28 736 1,057 206 68 2,067 804 1,142 204 92 2,241 780 1,091 194 69 2,134 699 968 147 82 1,895 754 970 156 84 1,965 Northeastern Northwestern Central Southwestern Southeastern Total Total Lake States 36 42 1 * * 79 339 40 50 1 * * 92 359 40 42 1 4 -87 335 35 48 1 * * 84 319 31 39 1 -* 71 311 25 10 2 * * 37 144 24 7 2 * * 33 182 22 13 4 2 * 40 152 313 469 171 18 4 975 3,899 300 343 291 290 529 507 415 546 203 147 137 145 14 12 12 11 1 3 10 5 1,047 1,012 865 996 4,120 3,984 3,586 3,793 (Table 3 continued on next page) 37 38 (Table 3 continued) MICHIGAN Forest Survey Unit Eastern Upper Peninsula Western Upper Peninsula Northern Lower Peninsula Southern Lower Peninsula Total 1998 37 71 33 * 141 1999 27 63 30 1 122 Birch 2000 47 110 42 1 199 2001 43 68 31 * 142 2002 45 71 28 1 144 1998 183 414 172 23 792 1999 209 460 170 28 867 Maple 2000 170 415 209 26 820 2001 194 308 196 16 714 2002 212 340 239 19 810 1998 41 136 148 38 362 Other hardwoods 1999 2000 2001 36 40 46 121 112 104 127 109 83 31 28 20 315 289 253 2002 58 95 95 23 272 Aspen-Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwoods Prairie Total 60 69 6 * 135 61 74 8 * 144 72 73 9 * 154 70 71 7 * 148 77 77 11 1 166 MINNESOTA 11 8 1 1 7 6 -1 19 15 WISCONSIN 158 188 195 194 65 64 5 3 2 1 426 451 1,237 1,334 19 16 10 * 45 24 18 8 -50 33 25 14 * 72 58 59 3 4 123 52 53 4 2 111 48 51 3 2 104 45 58 2 4 109 51 62 11 6 130 Northeastern Northwestern Central Southwestern Southeastern Total Total Lake States * Less than 500 standard cords. Table may not add due to rounding. 85 131 28 3 1 248 524 89 128 27 2 1 247 513 89 133 30 3 1 257 610 91 110 28 3 3 235 525 95 119 27 8 2 252 561 212 207 75 11 4 509 1,374 287 258 90 20 12 666 1,430 332 333 101 20 7 793 1,673 93 105 105 7 4 314 799 120 110 102 6 2 339 765 117 94 128 11 3 351 744 132 138 111 10 8 400 761 118 131 102 10 5 366 768 Table 4.--Lake States pulpwood production by State of origin, product form, Forest Survey Unit, and destination, 2002 (In thousand standard cords, unpeeled) MICHIGAN Product form and Forest Survey Unit Roundwood Eastern Upper Peninsula Western Upper Peninsula Northern Lower Peninsula Southern Lower Peninsula Total Residues Total pulpwood Total production 629 933 829 61 2,451 448 2,900 Michigan 585 811 826 60 2,282 333 2,615 MINNESOTA Product form and Forest Survey Unit Roundwood Aspen-Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwoods Prairie Total Residues Total pulpwood Total production 1,233 1,373 210 91 2,907 108 3,015 WISCONSIN Product form and Forest Survey Unit Roundwood Northeastern Northwestern Central Southwestern Southeastern Total Residues Total pulpwood 1 Destination of pulpwood Minnesota Wisconsin 1 10 --10 -10 37 111 --148 105 254 Other 1 7 1 3 * 11 10 21 Michigan -------- Destination of pulpwood Minnesota Wisconsin 1,146 1,362 178 91 2,776 89 2,865 87 11 32 * 131 8 139 Other 1 -----11 11 Total production 994 1,340 634 80 39 3,087 398 3,485 Michigan 238 7 * -* 244 11 256 Destination of pulpwood Minnesota Wisconsin 5 348 * * -354 6 360 751 985 634 80 39 2,489 374 2,864 Other 1 ------6 6 * Less than 500 standard cords, unpeeled. Includes Canada. Table may not add due to rounding. 39 40 Table 5.--Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Michigan, 2002 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Species group White Red pine pine 6,973 2,595 2,817 2,159 4,476 2,928 3,350 25,299 1,075 2,728 606 1,119 3,749 235 4,569 399 14,482 579 101 418 133 -427 -388 1 345 26 23 55 152 23 797 262 8 990 162 683 334 355 969 445 3,939 407 582 132 119 631 63 1,209 91 3,234 -1 16 26 -191 -131 2 65 23 -68 4 -13 143 -Forest Survey Unit All and county 1 species Eastern Upper Peninsula Alger 95,715 Chippewa 89,637 Delta 75,123 Luce 74,980 Mackinac 107,547 Menominee 95,670 Schoolcraft 90,160 Total 628,832 Western Upper Peninsula Baraga 89,688 Dickinson 107,225 Gogebic 102,056 Houghton 81,842 Iron 118,881 Keweenaw 46,867 Marquette 210,151 Ontonagon 176,324 Total 933,035 Northern Lower Peninsula Alcona 50,550 Alpena 27,999 Antrim 32,726 Arenac 13,548 Bay 1,104 Benzie 26,649 Charlevoix 10,359 Cheboygan 45,224 Clare 30,462 Crawford 26,659 Emmet 36,045 Gladwin 19,378 Grand Traverse 18,167 Iosco 13,840 Isabella 12,519 Kalkaska 33,438 Lake 18,634 Leelanau 2,176 Northern white-cedar 308 243 427 159 279 525 278 2,218 254 361 74 50 359 39 755 57 1,950 --9 -7 --30 --13 ----2 --Balsam fir 5,671 3,730 4,816 1,824 4,218 9,763 3,050 33,072 3,203 4,758 2,636 905 10,880 428 8,695 1,890 33,396 -226 74 -58 --585 --208 ----18 --Hemlock 7,631 1,011 3,541 5,386 2,126 4,223 2,679 26,597 9,097 1,891 6,353 5,125 2,235 1,243 13,590 5,834 45,369 --7 ----3 -------9 --Jack pine 10,444 4,793 4,831 7,214 4,185 3,482 5,080 40,030 1,837 2,956 554 864 3,524 287 18,221 537 28,780 1,066 417 1,683 2,590 -594 23 4,018 224 7,698 2,442 407 6,831 1,148 511 1,196 781 -Spruce 2,368 2,727 2,716 888 3,351 4,575 2,000 18,624 1,887 2,859 2,281 791 10,782 168 6,445 1,830 27,043 -74 20 -14 --217 --87 ----7 --Tamarack 618 128 726 271 377 961 473 3,555 432 619 466 86 636 67 1,286 97 3,688 --2 ----1 -------3 --Ash 872 628 657 1,082 776 764 1,462 6,240 897 777 2,834 1,395 1,358 950 1,665 4,581 14,457 378 184 638 98 22 296 228 453 109 128 512 171 65 50 174 293 105 22 Aspen 11,121 39,299 19,268 7,298 41,774 32,710 8,589 160,059 20,405 48,634 19,079 26,670 38,229 6,035 67,915 41,664 268,630 36,175 21,295 8,646 6,085 492 10,841 3,541 23,183 16,779 10,421 12,579 12,190 6,262 8,478 6,336 15,277 6,178 907 Balsam poplar 1,338 671 976 562 669 1,433 855 6,503 1,782 2,050 364 1,136 1,861 259 3,949 1,141 12,542 2,297 789 639 175 32 698 354 392 252 273 537 383 142 161 410 804 248 51 Manistee 22,134 Mason 18,061 Mecosta 27,405 Midland 5,012 Missaukee 47,590 Montmorency 41,175 Newaygo 17,473 Oceana 10,604 Ogemaw 42,445 Osceola 16,752 Oscoda 14,124 Otsego 41,086 Presque Isle 43,050 Roscommon 36,780 Wexford 25,503 Total 828,671 Southern Lower Peninsula Allegan 8,041 Barry 1,660 Calhoun 3,787 Cass 1,149 Clinton 24 Eaton 52 Genesee 16 Gratiot 5,039 Huron 2,092 Ingham 200 Ionia 944 Jackson 820 Kalamazoo 9,351 Kent 4,191 Lapeer 198 Montcalm 8,898 Muskegon 5,199 Ottawa 886 Sanilac 1,200 St. Clair 306 St. Joseph 370 Tuscola 2,732 Van Buren 3,707 Total 60,863 State total 2,451,401 2 ---------2 65 64 --194 ------------------------4,362 18 ----262 ----54 616 1,520 --3,639 ------------------260 ----260 70,366 8 ---------8 33 59 --127 ------------------------72,094 250 423 1,288 90 655 2,181 586 90 9,916 -1,462 1,170 2,220 10,262 2,608 64,829 -------26 70 -188 ----362 --90 --435 -1,171 134,810 238 427 669 72 266 120 188 46 109 23 357 403 73 250 1,079 8,058 --------146 ------23 --179 --306 -654 48,493 3 ----19 --98 -61 109 20 89 -1,084 ----------374 ------------374 8,631 7 ----157 ----29 183 366 --1,159 ------------------227 ----227 47,054 3 ---------3 11 3 --26 ------------------------7,269 93 89 265 15 417 453 133 60 63 228 98 484 312 23 149 6,808 7,959 6,683 11,475 3,122 24,925 24,031 6,016 2,608 16,793 6,338 6,047 12,710 26,033 16,557 10,732 387,695 220 209 625 36 985 1,015 314 141 483 538 199 217 577 87 352 14,633 10 911 25 -168 --382 --116 -0 10 1 1 21 2 ---54 2,286 77 -1,025 -4 83 10 -121 --83 -24 1,366 34 60 1,490 85 -164 -129 4,176 303 16 738 37 8 215 19 -422 --32 --37 -17 1,256 11 -374 -324 15,477 604 27,829 831,861 34,283 (Table 5 continued on next page) 41 42 (Table 5 continued) Species group Forest Survey Unit and county 1 Basswood Eastern Upper Peninsula Alger 1,630 Chippewa 1,155 Delta 1,271 Luce 1,589 Mackinac 1,394 Menominee 2,715 Schoolcraft 2,057 Total 11,812 Western Upper Peninsula Baraga 1,628 Dickinson 3,400 Gogebic 3,499 Houghton 2,360 Iron 2,225 Keweenaw 1,592 Marquette 3,743 Ontonagon 6,308 Total 24,756 Northern Lower Peninsula Alcona 256 Alpena 352 Antrim 1,826 Arenac 135 Bay 24 Benzie 470 Charlevoix 1,218 Cheboygan 1,798 Clare 134 Crawford 169 Emmet 3,005 Gladwin 245 Grand Traverse 207 Iosco 25 Isabella 207 Kalkaska 1,273 Lake 126 Leelanau 26 Beech 3,044 1,929 2,115 2,680 2,269 1,893 3,548 17,477 2,756 2,193 2,837 1,903 2,151 2,130 4,803 2,094 20,868 372 234 562 88 17 135 162 481 52 89 481 89 36 51 80 185 48 10 White birch 4,767 3,361 3,308 3,854 7,375 3,443 4,891 30,999 6,081 3,474 5,857 4,043 6,327 2,405 10,043 7,432 45,662 1,931 913 2,257 747 68 275 135 2,815 375 520 2,616 551 167 817 179 723 98 20 Yellow birch 2,325 1,440 1,637 2,076 1,741 1,550 2,753 13,522 2,330 1,734 3,537 2,567 2,021 1,963 3,932 7,200 25,284 -1 83 6 3 127 52 -46 41 28 64 26 -75 83 45 9 Elm 13 10 18 6 22 81 15 165 16 18 325 50 257 * 126 195 988 -1 89 7 4 137 56 -49 44 30 69 28 -81 90 49 10 Hickory -9 -----9 ----------3 164 13 7 253 103 -91 82 56 126 52 -148 165 90 19 Hard maple 17,812 11,204 12,474 16,508 13,645 11,716 22,150 105,509 18,480 13,253 24,828 16,912 15,876 13,479 30,802 68,758 202,387 1,466 686 5,143 402 103 2,563 1,742 3,220 2,450 996 5,593 967 667 129 1,016 2,511 2,214 248 Soft maple 15,899 12,358 11,461 17,752 16,929 10,698 21,870 106,967 15,237 13,269 22,967 13,258 14,279 13,470 25,528 19,693 137,701 5,877 2,587 9,788 3,043 253 7,734 2,515 7,454 7,297 3,785 7,809 3,946 2,026 2,100 3,257 7,236 5,824 679 Red oak 687 549 541 1,881 695 491 2,619 7,463 769 778 1,412 1,708 622 1,195 955 5,602 13,041 6 135 340 --1,138 77 -2,009 1,978 -49 1,053 -8 1,689 1,803 132 White oak ---389 --583 972 --21 1 1 ---23 --92 --769 155 -575 26 -99 165 -16 1,065 621 36 Other hardwoods 1,203 1,633 840 1,069 891 750 1,413 7,799 1,113 890 1,395 781 878 859 1,919 920 8,754 147 -229 ----55 19 ---316 725 ----- Manistee 111 Mason 106 Mecosta 416 Midland 18 Missaukee 756 Montmorency 2,701 Newaygo 185 Oceana 148 Ogemaw 95 Osceola 272 Oscoda 292 Otsego 3,158 Presque Isle 1,208 Roscommon 56 Wexford 239 Total 21,259 Southern Lower Peninsula Allegan 106 Barry 22 Calhoun 51 Cass 16 Clinton 1 Eaton 2 Genesee 9 Gratiot 65 Huron 13 Ingham 5 Ionia 4 Jackson 11 Kalamazoo 139 Kent 80 Lapeer -Montcalm 166 Muskegon 73 Ottawa 16 Sanilac -St. Clair -St. Joseph 5 Tuscola 1 Van Buren 50 Total 834 State total 58,659 1 43 41 121 7 192 454 61 27 71 104 126 746 340 12 68 5,583 5 ---* * -25 -2 --11 28 -60 7 4 ---17 -159 44,088 89 99 300 52 1,045 1,217 123 55 820 212 1,015 3,186 2,547 365 235 26,568 10 ---* 1 8 25 297 4 --11 28 27 121 14 7 ---78 -631 103,859 40 38 114 7 178 -57 26 -98 -* -9 64 1,321 4 ---* * -23 -2 --10 26 -56 7 3 -----133 40,259 43 41 186 7 192 -83 88 -106 -* -10 69 1,570 78 17 40 12 * * ---2 3 8 86 6 -69 49 9 --4 -39 423 3,147 80 76 285 13 354 -133 106 -195 -* -18 127 2,758 76 16 37 11 * 1 -23 -4 3 8 89 31 -118 52 11 --4 -36 521 3,288 2,604 1,979 1,751 89 4,294 2,412 1,633 576 2,308 2,192 866 7,295 1,896 487 1,907 64,401 61 ---3 7 -317 161 25 --142 353 -754 94 46 -43 -36 -2,043 374,341 7,371 5,824 6,177 1,449 12,627 4,557 4,627 3,151 7,854 5,271 3,285 10,446 5,325 6,659 6,632 174,465 2,304 514 1,172 356 7 16 -2,026 381 60 90 254 2,870 1,098 8 1,985 1,458 258 22 231 114 574 1,147 16,943 436,076 2,267 1,585 1,754 12 297 568 1,794 1,733 3,266 925 174 231 487 1,603 874 27,985 2,011 434 989 300 ---30 --76 214 2,141 346 -261 1,190 135 --96 -968 9,191 57,681 684 440 1,903 24 406 15 1,516 1,676 567 250 47 23 -293 369 11,831 2,351 469 1,069 324 ---61 --82 232 2,325 552 -304 1,413 150 --104 -1,046 10,482 23,308 --75 --1,014 25 71 -------2,678 87 21 47 14 ------4 10 102 7 -12 50 6 --5 -46 411 19,642 * Less than 1/2 cord. Includes only those counties that supplied pulpwood in 2002. Table may not add due to rounding. 43 1 2 44 Table 6.--Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Minnesota, 2002 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Species group Balsam Basspoplar wood 932 150 24,970 984 15,680 42,717 2,982 1,127 18,390 2,980 1,170 243 656 13,390 4,029 259 5,361 156 50,743 -9 -8 53 --1 63 58 148 331 2,606 --10 127 -10 11 3,436 624 4,438 -92 107 50 5,310 102,206 806 43 360 1,458 2,900 5,567 2,388 312 1,080 1,591 477 419 235 3,419 -1 -6 9,927 ---12 2 --2 663 1,612 1,647 -1,726 ---368 -1 2 6,033 --14 --37 51 21,578 Forest Survey Unit and county 1 Aspen-Birch Carlton Cook Koochiching Lake St. Louis Total Northern Pine Aitkin Becker Beltrami Cass Clearwater Crow Wing Hubbard Itasca Lake of the Woods Mahnomen Roseau Wadena Total Central Hardwoods Anoka Benton Carver Chisago Douglas Goodhue Houston Isanti Kanabec Mille Lacs Morrison Otter Tail Pine Ramsey Sherburne Stearns Todd Wabasha Washington Wright Total Prairie Kittson Marshall Norman Pennington Polk Red Lake Total State total All species 47,698 43,674 420,517 85,634 635,542 1,233,063 160,614 61,211 204,653 184,169 55,185 87,672 104,176 335,715 84,154 16,650 55,634 23,087 1,372,920 1,666 1,738 24 784 4,852 93 578 1,475 16,044 15,763 25,403 15,152 110,475 235 592 767 8,802 515 4,000 818 209,775 24,022 42,532 2,535 3,223 10,811 8,070 91,193 2,906,951 Balsam fir 2,218 974 32,220 5,955 52,688 94,055 22,755 683 6,828 3,660 1,106 1,024 517 32,957 3,256 4 1,142 287 74,219 ---8 -8 -8 8 ---200 -----712 -945 8 2 ---249 260 169,479 Jack pine 978 1,333 17,148 3,753 23,918 47,129 2,094 2,037 16,748 8,635 1,137 6,301 8,930 8,093 4,907 496 3,850 4,876 68,106 -23 -17 110 --52 12 -1,422 80 1,385 -40 9 827 263 53 4 4,297 381 108 ----489 120,021 Red pine 2,466 950 782 3,074 4,650 11,922 2,376 565 1,668 5,585 172 1,033 2,057 4,807 557 21 528 473 19,842 36 1,064 -150 --2 820 10 60 818 7 5,202 208 479 8 -236 110 4 9,215 -------40,979 White pine 8 48 82 70 481 689 48 --2 -13 -67 ----130 -16 ----259 --469 --8 -12 --17 119 -899 -------1,718 S p r u c e Tamarack 1,240 14,756 60,240 10,253 58,524 145,013 11,283 159 3,376 3,617 323 307 710 35,418 9,437 54 4,095 26 68,804 ---25 -----10 51 -182 27 30 ---502 -828 109 27 ----136 214,781 535 1,566 10,232 307 7,007 19,647 2,080 44 1,682 239 44 -30 1,916 738 30 493 -7,296 ----35 -------459 -------494 58 14 ----73 27,509 Ash 218 36 16 248 1,276 1,794 434 7 25 61 4 119 14 192 -* -5 862 ---10 -4 10 1 64 28 41 -912 ---6 -* 1 1,078 -------3,734 Aspen 33,503 20,130 266,532 38,924 394,960 754,049 99,241 52,944 144,324 131,655 47,850 71,204 82,983 207,063 60,775 15,258 39,884 17,053 970,233 723 576 24 454 3,950 --590 14,691 12,700 19,108 14,704 77,754 -21 730 7,135 -2,482 776 156,419 22,771 37,885 2,495 3,131 10,231 7,434 83,945 1,964,645 White birch 2,817 3,539 6,603 12,540 51,396 76,894 6,458 3,118 9,677 20,246 2,891 5,071 7,621 20,578 456 528 282 94 77,020 393 50 -9 -4 99 1 220 111 1,070 18 9,346 -10 8 105 -8 9 11,463 71 58 --385 -515 165,891 Cottonwood 2 -----------------93 93 -----------------------26 --300 326 419 Elm 13 * 13 120 138 284 68 4 8 34 -31 4 90 ----239 ---2 ----2 -12 -110 ---1 ---126 -------650 Hard maple 264 7 102 653 4,387 5,413 718 17 54 473 -164 21 679 ---1 2,128 362 --7 63 26 59 -26 64 58 1 1,882 --* 21 -* 1 2,570 ----2 -2 10,113 Soft maple 1,679 142 1,201 7,157 17,264 27,443 7,609 188 782 5,351 11 1,709 393 6,940 ---16 22,999 151 --73 639 21 79 -282 650 1,013 10 8,457 --2 209 -2 10 11,599 ----86 -86 62,127 Red oak 3 ---80 83 ----------------4 -21 50 -----84 -------159 -------243 White oak 3 ---31 34 ----------------3 -8 20 -----35 -------67 -------101 Other hardwoods 15 * 15 140 161 331 80 5 10 39 -36 5 105 ----279 ---2 ----2 -14 -128 ---1 ---147 -------758 * Less than 1/2 cord. Includes only those counties that supplied pulpwood in 2002. Includes hybid poplar. Table may not add due to rounding. Tables continued on next page. 45 46 Table 7.--Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Wisconsin, 2002 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Species group Red White pine pine S p r u c e Tamarack 1,776 4,154 3,591 3,863 12,565 794 3,045 7,670 5,182 4,680 47,319 2,157 1,389 11,240 5,667 7,555 414 1,878 2,642 1,125 3,921 792 9,577 48,357 21,699 1,088 2,462 4,967 10,872 15,018 4,498 6,005 4,567 14,155 7,825 20,461 7,010 120,626 717 151 260 682 1,025 2,426 325 2,521 389 1,837 10,334 958 556 1,753 1,325 1,034 808 144 661 723 1,626 72 1,693 11,355 4,649 427 570 1,107 4,777 3,098 1,564 948 1,613 5,687 1,710 3,766 4,143 34,059 898 3,636 2,991 2,634 2,418 35 113 3,483 146 2,420 18,773 4,217 16 2,855 126 5,484 979 4 2,956 3,150 3,303 1,388 684 25,161 286 38 27 248 39 38 801 63 135 297 196 169 607 2,943 128 214 226 953 457 4 137 884 12 224 3,239 2,290 88 597 27 4,875 130 -1,480 63 145 970 123 10,788 297 28 2 -72 -26 10 86 ---45 567 Forest Survey Unit and county 1 Northeastern Florence Forest Langlade Lincoln Marinette Menominee Oconto Oneida Shawano Vilas Total Northwestern Ashland Barron Bayfield Burnett Douglas Iron Polk Price Rusk Sawyer Taylor Washburn Total Central Adams Chippewa Clark Eau Claire Jackson Juneau Marathon Marquette Monroe Portage Waupaca Waushara Wood Total All species 78,119 122,335 165,062 140,181 138,037 47,239 58,606 110,958 59,426 74,019 993,981 139,233 34,562 126,619 71,640 172,995 135,587 31,497 136,729 112,709 205,738 62,805 109,628 1,339,741 66,441 42,034 56,302 24,736 83,810 63,382 66,713 12,793 31,109 59,314 26,715 39,633 61,374 634,355 Northern white-cedar 18 4 --9 3 -9 -3 46 -----3 ------3 --------------Balsam fir Hemlock 2,294 3,821 6,615 4,047 4,373 81 383 5,750 751 2,690 30,806 5,440 72 3,585 282 13,141 2,629 65 6,758 667 3,698 2,155 726 39,217 11 20 16 7 --760 --302 19 -26 1,161 4,541 1,102 327 297 4,121 7,661 141 213 462 78 18,943 507 20 ---183 -569 41 186 456 -1,961 -11 392 -16 13 2,283 --273 52 -22 3,062 Jack pine 1,310 458 435 1,681 16,386 381 1,118 2,539 245 5,948 30,501 866 754 13,158 11,686 23,513 69 3,796 766 48 2,123 10 17,048 73,838 20,419 397 969 3,457 18,445 19,671 1,924 1,657 8,962 11,451 297 2,261 6,462 96,373 Ash 1,289 4,032 7,124 5,848 2,302 1,923 1,713 2,887 1,950 2,172 31,240 3,712 908 2,754 679 1,223 4,275 419 4,441 3,839 6,778 2,435 1,768 33,229 527 1,169 1,246 476 1,623 801 2,192 187 520 792 783 569 1,305 12,189 Aspen 18,210 25,999 31,990 56,292 42,256 8,842 18,101 39,412 22,784 26,032 289,918 52,935 16,411 49,215 31,950 69,547 70,631 17,189 53,051 46,921 65,716 24,739 47,459 545,765 2,799 21,511 31,025 3,746 11,934 4,870 24,329 537 2,916 12,738 5,232 1,344 21,619 144,601 Balsam poplar 435 236 78 15 519 3 293 59 30 77 1,745 966 1 354 99 322 19 11 58 * 723 -195 2,748 ------1 -----* 1 Southwestern Buffalo Crawford Dunn Grant Iowa La Crosse Lafayette Pepin Pierce Richland Sauk St. Croix Trempealeau Vernon Total Southeastern Brown Calumet Columbia Dane Dodge Door Fond Du Lac Green Green Lake Jefferson Kewaunee Manitowoc Outagamie Racine Rock Sheboygan Walworth Washington Waukesha Winnebago Total State total 23,998 2,663 12,981 1,339 2,433 3,170 258 896 1,763 1,263 8,818 6,254 8,374 6,094 80,306 246 14 12,403 1,075 173 2,422 2,164 602 1,725 879 306 1,755 2,828 43 84 3,914 159 837 1,658 5,702 38,989 3,087,373 ------------------------------------49 ---------------26 ----154 --------------180 71,363 47 -------------47 --13 --23 ----22 --------16 73 24,085 174 -1,017 -33 13 -16 -15 1,400 45 335 40 3,087 21 -670 15 -89 12 -29 --------92 -46 973 204,771 2,206 194 3,231 1,128 479 1,436 247 179 157 261 3,939 2,108 4,227 664 20,456 87 14 3,985 562 -193 935 314 641 367 210 269 16 --1,601 99 249 1,154 501 11,197 247,955 757 218 793 169 553 128 11 99 -144 1,002 233 1,472 205 5,785 11 -623 332 -327 956 29 173 370 75 722 66 43 -879 60 343 330 1,100 6,440 67,972 100 15 90 -107 -----79 189 171 5 755 --20 24 68 234 ---99 -129 ---463 -72 -196 1,304 48,937 1,721 -14 -----------1,734 ---------------------16,328 1,429 161 245 1 46 74 --130 21 74 61 78 510 2,831 595 47 3,801 14 393 596 -493 35 419 652 2,838 717 39 10,637 ---------------- 3 51 ----200 2,583 -6 27 --105 -55 760 -12 56 -20 --19 445 -* 30 ----30 81 -253 127 ----4 --21 666 ----1 54 -17 --244 425 -885 5,411 -80,373 996,333 4,494 (Table 7 continued on next page) 47 48 (Table 7 continued) Forest Survey Unit and county 1 Northeastern Florence Forest Langlade Lincoln Marinette Menominee Oconto Oneida Shawano Vilas Total Northwestern Ashland Barron Bayfield Burnett Douglas Iron Polk Price Rusk Sawyer Taylor Washburn Total Central Adams Chippewa Clark Eau Claire Jackson Juneau Marathon Marquette Monroe Portage Waupaca Waushara Wood Total Basswood 2,371 4,932 6,366 2,997 3,895 976 2,098 1,618 514 1,092 26,860 4,042 793 1,754 545 1,651 1,220 347 3,411 2,754 5,905 1,546 2,019 25,986 36 931 473 192 356 48 709 1 101 222 111 26 494 3,701 White birch 3,556 11,991 13,859 9,977 6,369 2,591 3,702 11,894 2,589 8,582 75,108 7,632 2,473 12,553 6,979 17,472 7,664 1,257 13,877 10,235 15,601 5,987 8,116 109,846 673 3,530 2,818 1,196 3,668 938 4,313 200 928 1,485 777 689 3,000 24,215 Yellow birch 2,162 2,939 3,427 2,411 2,078 1,385 1,688 2,081 335 1,019 19,526 607 321 991 278 105 2,141 148 1,841 1,066 896 604 225 9,224 43 467 292 146 377 29 523 105 93 209 227 197 276 2,983 Species group CottonHard wood Elm maple -------------------197 -198 -395 -230 33 ----------263 90 801 1,155 869 455 173 253 648 217 614 5,275 1,002 217 415 96 214 759 72 1,169 890 1,408 571 219 7,032 23 433 274 113 234 22 416 14 65 115 66 39 264 2,075 16,050 27,101 43,176 27,232 16,552 9,004 11,736 14,371 10,165 8,096 183,483 18,346 3,958 9,878 3,211 7,950 22,295 1,543 21,205 17,239 30,259 11,683 6,373 153,941 2,959 4,876 5,608 1,987 7,828 4,647 10,036 895 2,605 3,792 4,048 2,924 5,881 58,086 Soft maple 17,013 24,147 33,374 16,925 15,613 5,362 10,468 11,717 7,600 5,809 148,028 29,470 3,834 10,943 4,408 16,847 18,154 1,567 18,639 14,628 45,058 6,928 8,626 179,102 2,425 3,563 4,190 1,529 6,235 3,857 6,839 590 2,109 2,927 2,289 2,154 4,701 43,409 Red oak 1,321 2,545 4,979 1,914 3,266 2,325 1,046 1,459 4,192 1,832 24,879 2,562 2,076 3,026 3,540 1,565 1,628 2,326 2,120 6,779 12,644 1,605 3,481 43,353 7,894 2,712 4,674 4,780 14,371 8,334 4,048 1,171 5,328 3,277 1,787 3,349 4,160 65,884 White Other oak hardwoods 281 368 1,112 620 753 2,789 390 239 1,725 595 8,871 851 626 1,176 649 336 482 692 498 2,160 4,828 517 1,181 13,998 1,692 528 1,204 768 2,900 1,995 1,347 369 1,068 1,555 1,200 1,615 1,352 17,593 1,046 1,051 1,088 510 755 166 610 557 40 121 5,945 597 35 278 65 160 634 27 349 85 837 35 102 3,204 2 44 4 10 42 2 28 27 8 17 31 46 2 264 Beech 2,613 2,650 2,889 415 1,868 314 1,248 949 98 99 13,143 76 16 94 27 3 468 12 239 97 84 111 12 1,240 5 32 25 7 21 1 75 14 4 21 65 24 7 301 Southwestern Buffalo Crawford Dunn Grant Iowa La Crosse Lafayette Pepin Pierce Richland Sauk St. Croix Trempealeau Vernon Total Southeastern Brown Calumet Columbia Dane Dodge Door Fond Du Lac Green Green Lake Jefferson Kewaunee Manitowoc Outagamie Racine Rock Sheboygan Walworth Washington Waukesha Winnebago Total State total 1 847 -111 1 6 27 ---1 7 31 13 -1,045 2 -99 --11 -10 3 ---7 --9 ---60 203 57,795 4 14 8 --1 --14 -1 1 4 51 98 --* --9 1 -1 --1 24 -----1 16 54 14,836 5,121 173 724 4 71 182 --142 23 103 207 433 5 7,189 13 -593 6 -97 11 64 34 * -29 58 -4 56 -1 2 494 1,464 217,822 542 104 113 -4 28 --104 -8 24 39 -966 1 -63 --35 3 6 11 * -4 14 --5 -* 2 136 282 32,980 ------------------------------------658 511 14 60 -4 18 --14 -5 20 11 -657 1 -59 --6 -6 3 ---5 --5 ---47 133 15,172 4,781 743 954 9 255 297 --557 121 407 217 350 3,110 11,801 11 -761 32 -256 66 69 84 5 -178 1,481 -26 84 -10 103 1,002 4,170 411,481 3,821 465 693 6 213 224 -6 310 102 332 190 244 1,436 8,040 16 -616 27 -158 49 56 53 3 -140 706 -21 69 -6 49 673 2,642 381,222 1,046 291 879 4 193 110 -93 136 115 583 64 218 21 3,752 2 -1,790 33 -11 36 21 155 2 -123 42 -21 41 -5 -568 2,850 140,719 289 199 232 2 76 35 -10 136 42 222 26 54 8 1,333 --329 11 -2 26 6 70 1 -49 27 -8 15 -2 -156 703 42,498 6 27 17 --2 --27 -2 2 8 -92 --------2 ---2 ------21 25 9,530 * Less than 1/2 cord. Includes only those counties that supplied pulpwood in 2002. Table may not add due to rounding. 49 50 Table 8.--Number of industrial pulp or particleboard plants in the Lake States by product form, species group used, and State, 2002 Product form and species group Roundwood Softwoods Northern white-cedar Balsam fir Hemlock Jack pine Red pine White pine Spruce Tamarack Total plants using softwoods 1 Hardwoods Ash Aspen Balsam poplar Basswood Beech White birch Yellow birch Cottonwood Elm Hickory Hard maple Soft maple Red oak White oak Other hardwoods Total plants using hardwoods 1 Total plants using roundwood Residues Softwood Hardwood Total plants using residues 1 Total plants 1 1 Total Lake States Michigan State Minnesota Wisconsin 2 17 5 15 16 10 16 8 23 16 35 13 19 9 27 8 3 7 2 20 23 11 8 7 41 43 11 20 21 44 2 3 1 4 4 3 2 1 4 6 10 5 9 6 8 5 0 3 2 9 10 7 3 5 11 11 2 7 7 11 0 7 0 6 6 2 7 2 10 2 13 7 5 0 10 0 2 1 0 2 4 0 0 1 13 14 2 5 5 14 0 7 4 5 6 5 7 5 9 8 12 1 5 3 9 3 1 3 0 9 9 4 5 1 17 18 7 8 9 19 1 Some plants use more than one species, so numbers in columns are not additive. Table 9.--Average daily production of active woodpulp mills in the Lake States by State, company, location, and type of pulp produced, 2002 (In tons per 24 hours) Average daily production 1,224 250 1,227 660 361 275 751 4,748 1,020 242 212 100 400 1,153 325 590 4,042 450 250 170 75 400 250 1,378 400 50 250 200 1,200 258 275 163 5,769 14,559 Type of pulp produced Groundwood/ SemiKraft mechanical chemical 1,224 -1,227 --275 -2,726 1,020 ----1,153 --2,173 450 ---400 ------1,200 -275 -2,325 7,224 -250 -----250 -242 -100 --325 590 1,257 ---75 -250 --50 250 -----625 2,132 ---660 361 -751 1,772 ---------------1,378 --------1,378 3,150 State and company Michigan International Paper Co. Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Meadwestvaco Corp. Menasha Packaging, LLC Packaging Corp. Of America S.D. Warren(Dba) Sappi Fine Papers Smurfit-Stone Container Corp. Total Minnesota Boise Cascade Certainteed Corp. Georgia-Pacific Corp. International Bildrite, Inc. International Paper Sappi Fine Papers (formerly Potlatch) Stora Enso North America UPM Blandin Forestry Total Wisconsin Domtar Industries, Inc. Domtar Industries, Inc. Fraser Papers, Inc. Georgia-Pacific Corp. International Paper Co. Mule-Hide Mfg. Co., Inc. Packaging Corp. Of America Stora Enso North America Stora Enso North America Stora Enso North America Stora Enso North America Stora Enso North America Wausau-Mosinee Paper Corp. Wausau-Mosinee Paper Corp. Weyerhaeuser Co. Total Lake States total Location Quinnesec Alpena Escanaba Otsego Manistee Muskegon Ontonagon 7 mills International Falls Shakopee Duluth International Falls Sartell Cloquet Proctor Grand Rapids 8 mills Nekoosa Port Edwards Park Falls Phillips Kaukauna Cornell Tomahawk Biron Kimberly Niagara Stevens Point Wisconsin Rapids Brokaw Mosinee Rothschild 15 mills 30 mills Sulfite ------------------250 170 ---------258 -163 841 841 Thermomechanical ----------212 -400 ---612 -------400 --200 ----600 1,212 51 52 Table 10.--Annual production of active particleboard and panel mills in the Lake States by State, company, location, and product produced, 2002 (In million square feet 3/4-inch basis) State and company Michigan Georgia-Pacific Corp. Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Weyerhaeuser Co. Total Minnesota Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Northwood Panelboard Co. Potlatch Corporation Potlatch Corporation Potlatch Corporation Trusjoist A Weyerhaeuser Business Total Wisconsin Louisiana Pacific Corp. Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Marshfield Doorsystems Rodman Industries Total Lake States total Product produced Particleboard Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Annual production 204 65 185 249 703 60 211 265 207 167 n/a 910 64 250 80 8 402 2,015 Location Gaylord Newberry Sagola Grayling 4 mills Two Harbors Solway Bemidji Cook Grand Rapids Deerwood 6 mills Tomahawk Hayward Marshfield Marinette 4 mills 14 mills Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Engineered wood products Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Particleboard Particleboard Table 11.--Production and imports of pulpwood, Central States, 2002 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Product form, species group, and destination Roundwood Softwoods Lake States Southern States Total Soft hardwoods2 Central States Southern States Total Hard hardwoods3 Central States Lake States Southern States Total Total all roundwood Central States Lake States Southern States Total Residues Softwoods Central States Southern States Total Hardwoods Central States Lake States Northeastern States Southern States Total Total all residues Central States Lake States Northeastern States Southern States Total Total all wood material Central States Lake States Northeastern States Southern States Total 1 Production by State 1 Illinois Indiana Iowa Missouri Regional Total Imports Lake States Other U.S. Total imports Total receipts 1,168 1,309 2,476 5,004 9,487 14,491 2,696 16 30,343 33,055 7,700 1,183 41,139 50,022 ---6,535 529 7,064 7,139 -1,583 8,722 13,674 -2,111 15,785 ---568 -568 726 --726 1,294 --1,294 -955 955 1,448 2,213 3,661 253 -78,845 79,097 1,700 -82,013 83,714 1,168 2,264 3,432 13,555 12,229 25,783 10,814 16 110,771 121,600 24,369 1,183 125,263 150,815 --------------- --------------- --------------- ---13,555 -13,555 10,814 --10,814 24,369 --24,369 ---1,376 --7,701 9,077 1,376 --7,701 9,077 9,076 1,183 -48,839 59,099 ---39,906 8,570 4,900 66,037 119,413 39,906 8,570 4,900 66,037 119,413 53,580 8,570 4,900 68,148 135,198 ---27,569 1,457 --29,026 27,569 1,457 --29,026 28,863 1,457 --30,320 -1,860 1,860 12,730 --103,974 116,704 12,730 --105,834 118,564 14,430 --187,847 202,277 -1,860 1,860 81,580 10,027 4,900 177,711 274,219 81,580 10,027 4,900 179,571 276,079 105,949 11,211 4,900 304,835 426,895 ---5,371 ---5,371 5,371 ---5,371 5,371 ---5,371 26,080 -26,080 -----26,080 ---26,080 26,080 ---26,080 26,080 -26,080 5,371 ---5,371 31,451 ---31,451 31,451 ---31,451 26,080 -26,080 86,951 ---86,951 113,031 ---113,031 137,400 ---137,400 Vertical columns of figures under the box heading "Production by State" present the amount of roundwood cut or residue generated in each State. 2 Hardwood species with an average specific gravity of 0.50 or less. 3 Hardwood species with an average specific gravity greater than 0.50. Table may not add due to rounding. 53 54 Table 12.--Central States pulpwood production by product form and species group, 1998-2002 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Product form and species group Roundwood Softwoods Soft hardwoods1 Hard hardwoods2 Total Residues Softwood Hardwood Total Total all wood material 1 2 1998 18,680 34,475 126,197 179,351 38,176 254,747 292,923 472,275 1999 10,283 46,232 141,997 198,511 19,773 247,244 267,017 465,528 2000 7,643 64,036 165,994 237,673 12,849 269,603 282,452 520,125 2001 2,110 50,939 113,062 166,111 117 302,510 302,627 468,738 2002 3,432 25,783 121,600 150,815 1,860 274,219 276,079 426,895 Hardwood species with an average specific gravity of 0.50 or less. Hardwood species with an average specific gravity greater than 0.50. Table may not add due to rounding. Table 13.--Central States pulpwood production by State and destination, 1998-2002 (In thousand standard cords, unpeeled) Illinois Destination Central Other States States 20 59 22 58 32 60 22 53 9 50 Indiana Destination Central Other States States 68 115 73 102 70 98 67 93 54 82 Iowa Destination Central Other States States 29 5 29 4 46 1 43 1 29 1 Missouri Destination Central Other States States 13 163 12 166 17 195 14 175 14 188 Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Total 79 79 92 75 59 Total 183 176 168 160 135 Total 34 33 48 44 30 Total 176 177 212 190 202 Table may not add due to rounding. 55 56 Table 14.--Average daily production of active woodpulp mills in the Central States by company, location, and type of pulp produced, 2002 (In tons per 24 hours) Average daily production 215 122 76 60 473 Type of pulp produced Groundwood/ SemiThermomechanical chemical mechanical -215 --122 -76 ----60 76 337 60 Company International Paper Co. Box USA Jeld-Wen Fiber Of Iowa Huebert Brothers Products, LLC Central States total Location Terre Haute, Indiana Fort Madison, Iowa Dubuque, Iowa Booneville, Missouri 4 mills The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (202) 720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Printed on recyclable paper. Piva, Ronald J. 2005. Pulpwood production in the North-Central Region, 2002. Resour. Bull. NC-239. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station. 56 p. Discusses 2002 production and receipts in the Lake, Central, and Plains States. Shows Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin production by species for each county and compares production by Forest Survey Unit with that of previous years. Presents production data for Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri by species group and product form. Includes 2002 production for the Plains States by species group and product form. KEY WORDS: Roundwood, whole-tree chips, residue, pulpwood, particleboard, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, Plains States. Mission Statement We believe the good life has its roots in clean air, sparkling water, rich soil, healthy economies and a diverse living landscape. Maintaining the good life for generations to come begins with everyday choices about natural resources. The North Central Research Station provides the knowledge and the tools to help people make informed choices. That’s how the science we do enhances the quality of people’s lives. For further information contact: North Central Research Station USDA Forest Service 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108 Or visit our web site: www.ncrs.fs.fed.us