Get documents about "pozzetti (PowerPoint)
Document Sample
Galaxy Surveys @ OABo
“Formation and evolution of galaxies
from optical/NIR to FIR/radio surveys”
@ OABo
OABo Staff: Bardelli, Bolzonella, Cappi, Ciliegi, Gruppioni,
Mignoli, Merighi, Pozzetti, Zamorani, Zucca
UniBo staff: Cimatti, Marano, Pozzi
Fellows: PhD: Coppa, Bongiorno, Post-Doc: Ilbert, Lamareille, Lanzoni,
(Pozzi)
Photometric and redshift surveys:
a key tool for cosmology
Follow the evolution of Galaxies from high-z to
the local universe to understand their nature:
• how they formed
• how they evolve
• What are the main physical mecanisms at play and the
associated timescales
compare with models of galaxy formation and
evolution
Galaxy Surveys @ OABo
Optical: VVDS + zCOSMOS
NIR: K20 + GMASS
FIR: ELAIS-S1+ SWIRE
Radio: VLA-VVDS + ATLAS-SWIRE + VLA-
COSMOS
Future: Herschel, Space
Optical Surveys @ OABo
VVDS: (PI Le Fevre) purely magnitude selected
DEEP: 17.5<IAB<24, ∼0.5 deg² (10K redshift)
WIDE: 17.5<IAB<22.5, ∼10deg²
Ultra-Deep: 22.5<IAB<24.75, 600 arcmin²
multi-band photometry: GALEX to SPITZER + VLA (>80 Jy)
VVDS @ OABo : Evolution of Luminosity and Mass Function
Radio survey
LF of type1 AGN and radio sources
COSMOS (PI Scoville) ∼ 2 deg2
HST (640 orbits) + zCOSMOS (PI. S.Lilly: 40k redshift) + S-COSMOS (Spitzer)
+ VLA-COSMOS + X-COSMOS (XMM) + C-COSMOS (Chandra) + H-COSMOS
(Herschel) ?
zCOSMOS @ OABo: IAB<22.5 (20K redshifts)
spectral-classification CUBE
LF/MF by galaxy types and environments
evolution of radio sources properties
Near-IR Surveys @ OABo
K20 VLT FORS1 & FORS2 LP (17nights) (PI Cimatti)
Ks<20, 52 arcmin2 (CDFS+Q0055), 550 obj
multi-band photometry (U to Ks)
> 95% redshift completeness
K20 @ OABo: redshift distribution test, spectral classification and evolution,
EROs, NIR Luminosity and Mass Function evolution, old galaxies at z=2
GMASS VLT+FORS2 LP (145h) (PI Cimatti) within a GOODS collaboration
IRAC-selected m(4.5μm) < 23 (AB) + z(phot) > 1.4
50 arcmin2 in the GOODS-South/HUDF
Ultradeep spectroscopy to B=27, I=26, 11h-30h ==> 208 redshifts
GMASS @ OABo: SED fitting and spectral fitting with models, spectral evolution of early-
type, UV interstellar features, z=1.6 spike, Mass Function
FIR/Radio Surveys @ OABo
SPITZER-SWIRE
ISO-ELAIS (PI. Lonsdale & R.Robinson)
(PI. R.Robinson)
50 deg2
15 deg2 at 15 m 3.6,4.5,5.8,8.,24,70,160 m
1923 sources S15> 0.5 mJy
106 sources S24> 40 μJy
ATLAS-SWIRE VLA-VVDS
(PI. Norris)
(PI. Bondi, Ciliegi)
CDF-S + ELAIS S1 1 deg2 at 1.4 Ghz
6 deg2 at 1.4 GHz 6 arcsec resolution
15 arcsec resolution 1054 sources > 80 μJy
1642 sources > 125 μJy
VLA-COSMOS
(PI. E. Schinnerer)
2 deg2 at 1.4 GHz
2 arcsec resolution
3644 sources > 45 μJy
Galaxy surveys @ OABo: Activity & Main Results
Activity @ OABo
Galaxy properties:
• Spectral classifications and evolution (age from spectra fitting)
• Photometric redshift, Stellar Mass, age, SF from multi-band photometry
• StarBurst vs. AGN contribution from optical/FIR SED fitting
• High-redshift galaxies: LBGs, EROs, BzK
• Ellipticals Fundamental Plane
• Galaxy counts and resolved optical Extragalactic Background Light
• Sub-mJy Radio population
Statistical studies:
• Evolution of Luminosity and Mass Function and Star/Mass Formation
History
• Luminosity Function of starburst/AGN in the FIR
• Luminosity Function of radio sources and type1 AGN optically-selected
Modeling and comparison:
• Phenomenological models of galaxy evolution in optical/NIR/FIR
• Comparison with models and simulation (eg. GIF, GALICS, Millennium)
Highlights @ OABo
Optical: Evolution of optical luminosity Function and SFH up
to z=1.5
NIR: Evolution of the NIR LF & Stellar Mass Function and
Mass density up to z=2 + Evolution of early-type galaxies at
z>=1
Evolution of the Luminosity Function
TOTAL LF (Ilbert, Tresse, Zucca et al. 05):
1.5-2 magnitudes of evolution at z=1.5-2
LF by types:
(Zucca, Ilbert, Bardelli et al., 2006)
Type1=Red & Ell. => Luminous
Type3,4=Blue and SB => Faint
Type contribution similar to z=0 local LF
Type1=RED/Ellipticals:
evolution consistent with passive
evolution and decrease <40%
Type4=Blue/Irregulars & SB:
strong increase with redshift
Comparison with Millennium (in progres
- reproduce total optical LF
- excess of low-L red galaxies
Luminosity Function by morphological types
and in different environments
Zucca et al. (in prep.)
LF by morphologies:
E/Bulge vs. Spiral vs.
Irregular
LF by environments:
HighD vs. LowD
Evolution of the NIR LF and Stellar Mass Function
Near-IR Luminosity Function (Pozzetti, Cimatti, Zamorani et al. 03)
K20 Mass Function up to z~2, (Fontana, Pozzetti et al. 04)
HM
excess Luminous/Massive red ellipticals fully in place up to z=1-1.5
MK < -25 @ z=1
N HM (GIF)
R-K
deficit
deficit
Hierarchical models (HM): deficiency of luminous/red/massive galaxies
at z=1 and excess at low-Luminosity/Masses
Evolution of the Stellar Mass Function
and Number Density
I- and K- selected Mass function:
Pozzetti, Bolzonella, Lamareille, Zamorani et al.,
2007
“Mass downsizing”:
Mass dependent evolution of the
number/mass density
Massive tail is present up to z=1.5
Continuous evolution for
intermediate/low-mass galaxies
Negligible evolution of massive galaxies
(>1011 Msun) (<30%) up to z=0.8
and faster at higher-z (a factor of 3 at
z=2)
Most of massive galaxies are in place
up to z=1, less massive galaxies have
assembled their mass later and
continuously
Comparison with Millennium (in progress):
- excess of low-Mass galaxies
Stellar Mass Function by types
and in different environments
Bolzonella, Pozzetti
et al. (in progress)
MF by 0.05<z<0.3 0.3<z<0.5
colors:
red vs. blue
Trasformation of
active into passive
Mcross
galaxies
MF by morphologies: 0.05<z<0.3
0.5<z<0.8
0. 8<z<1.2
E+Bulge vs. Spiral vs. Irr
0.05<z<0.3
Evolution mainly driven
MF by environments: by the Mass and/or by
the environment ?
highD vs. lowD
Luminosity Function @ 15 m
ISO-ELAIS-S1
First derivation of 15-m redshift
Luminosity Function of
starburst galaxies:
(Pozzi, Gruppioni et al., 2003)
Strong evolution both in
luminosity (1+z)3.5 and
density (1+z)3.8 up to z=1
SED fitting: starburst vs. AGN
SWIRE-ELAIS-S1
Broad-band SED analysis for 200 MIR
sources with spectroscopic z
(Gruppioni, Pozzi et al. 2007)
Larger fraction of AGN than from optical spectra
from SED-fitting Need to revise LF and evolutionary
models
from optical spectroscopy
Sub-mJy RADIO population
VLA-VVDS
VLA-COSMOS
Bondi, Ciliegi et al. 07
Above 1 mJy : AGNs dominate
Flattening of counts below 1
mJy
Sub-mJy population: SB and/or mini-AGN ?
SB population evolves with redshift but never dominates ?
olution of radio sources properties in VVDS and zCOSMOS (Bardelli et al. (in pre
Galaxy Classification Cube
VIMOS VIMOS
spectra stacked spectra
Mignoli, et ACS morphologies
al. (in prep)
84.2% of the analyzed bright zCOSMOS galaxies show a full
concordant 3D classification
2-2-2 366 63.4%
1-1-1 114 19.8%
1-2-2 26 4.5%
2-1-1 23 4.0%
2-1-2 11 1.9% Outliers to
1-2-1 10 1.7% be
SUBARU investigated
colours 2-2-1 16 2.8%
1-1-2 11 1.9%
Evolution of early-type galaxies @ z>1
First spectroscopic sample of
K20 EROs (R-K>5) (Cimatti, Daddi,
Mignoli, Pozzetti et al. 02) :
1/3 old ellipticals @ z=1
=> age>=3 Gyrs, zform>2
1/3 dusty starbursts
=> 20% of SFD @ z=1
1/3 unknown
(Cimatti et al.
‘02)
4 old massive ETG galaxies up to z=2 (Cimatti et al. 04):
=> Age=1 Gyrs
3Gyrs
1.1 Gyrs
0.5 Gyrs
Old massive galaxies already at z=1 and up to z=2
Superdense early-type at z>1.4
Cimatti, Cassata, Pozzetti, Kurk,
GMASS Mignoli et al. ‘07
13 massive ETG (1010-1011 Msun) at 1.4<z<2. (<z>=1.6)
500 h stacked spectra + photometry:
consistent with old (1 Gyr) stellar population
(Maraston 05)
Local
Old massive ETG with Spheroidal and compact
morphology
Compact and superdense: size ( Re= 1 kpc) 3
times smaller than z=0
Remnants of SubmmG (z>2) ?
they evolve in z=0 ETG by dry-merging (3
major merging in 9 Gyrs, see Nipoti et al. 03) or
envelope stars accretion (see Naab et al. 07)
Optical NIR FIR Radio Galaxy surveys @ OABo:
Highlights & global picture
Redshift = 0.1-1.2
• Galaxies have similar properties of local galaxies:
• Galaxy bimodality: ellipticals are old/massive/without SFR & spirals are young/low-mass/high SFR
• Mass downsizing: Mass and type dependence evolution
• Transformation from active to passive with cosmic time (merger only marginal)
• Massive early type (ETG) assembled their stellar mass earlier and faster
• Low mass ETG continue to increase in number density down to lower redshift
• Less massive/star forming galaxies (LTG) assembled their stellar mass more continuously and later
• Strong evolution of starburst /irregular galaxies from optical/FIR/radio surveys
Open question: Is evolution driven mainly by the Mass and/or by the environment ?
Redshift >1.2-2.
• Old ETG massive galaxies decrease in number densities and are
superdense
Open question: do they evolve into old local ellipticals through dry-merging or
envelope accretion ?
• Population of intermediate/low-mass SF objects at z>2.5 (LBGs)
• New population of massive SF objects gas-rich disks (SF-BzKs) at z=1.4-
2.5
• Population of starbursts in the Submm at high-z
Hierarchical models :
Open question: which is the relation between the different SF galaxies at high-z ?
• Deficiency of luminous/red/massive galaxies at high-z
• Excess of low-Luminosity/Masses at all redshifts
Future: Herschel
GTO: Extragalactic Surveys:
PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP) (PI Lutz )
{9 involved from INAF: 3 from Bologna}
Multi cone strategy on blank field at 170, 110 and 75 m
(e.g. COSMOS field: 2 deg2 to 11 mJy at 110 and 170 m)
Resolve the Cosmic Infrared
Background and trace the evolution of
dust−obscured star formation and AGN
over a wide range of redshifts and
environments
Coordinated with GTO-SPIRE (HerMES, PI Oliver)
HERSCHEL KP in OT (submitted)
H-COSMOS (PI. Franceschini)
Probe the population of luminous IR galaxies throughout
{11 from INAF: 5 from Bologna} the era of peak star formation and AGN activity (1.5<z<3)
2 deg2 on cosmos:
739 hrs with PACS @ 110/170m
over a wide and representative range of large−scale
261 hrs with SPIRE @ 250,350,500 m structure (LSS) and local environment.
Z=6 Future: SPACE
http://urania.bo.astro.it/cimatti/space/
SPectroscopic All-sky Cosmic Explorer
PI. A.Cimatti (UniBo) & M. Robberto (STScI)
{28 involved @ INAF (5 @ OABo)}
co-selected with DUNE for ESA-cosmic vision program
All-sky (¾ 3π sr) NIR imaging and spectroscopic survey at HAB<23.0. Z=6
Z=2
≈ half-billion galaxies at 0 < z < 2 with spectroscopic redshifts, Z=0
+ quasars up to z ≈ 12
Deep (HAB < 26) NIR imaging and spectroscopy of 10 deg2
≈ 2 million galaxies and AGN at 2 < z < 10.
+ high-redshift Type Ia Supernovae up to z ≈ 2.
3D evolutionary map of the Universe during the last 10 Gyr
- Most stringent constraints on Dark Energy
- Growth rate of cosmic large-scale structures
- Power spectrum of density fluctuations (complementary to CMB)
- Formation and co-evolution of galaxies/AGN in all environments
- The very distant Universe: galaxies and quasars up to z ≈ 12
