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FAST: A Faceted Application
of Subject Terminology
Classification Crosswalks Workshop
Joint Conference on Digital Libraries
June 28, 2001
Presented by Ed O’Neill
Background
Enormous volume and rapid growth of
resources available on the World Wide Web.
Emergence of numerous metadata schemes
have spurred a re-examination of the way
subject data is to be provided for web
resources efficiently and effectively.
Metadata
Simplicity refers to the usability by non-
catalogers to allow the creation of metadata
records by persons not necessarily trained in
sophisticated methods of bibliographic control.
Semantic interoperability enables users to
search across discipline boundaries and,
desirably, also across information retrieval and
storage systems.
ALCTS/SAC/Subcommittee:
Requirements
Be simple and easy to apply and to comprehend,
Be intuitive so that sophisticated training in subject
indexing and classification, while highly desirable, is
not required in order to implement,
Be logical so that it requires the least effort to
understand and implement,
Be scalable for implementation from the simplest to
the most sophisticated.
Options for Metadata
We are limited to three basic choices in selecting
an indexing/subject heading schema for
metadata:
The use an existing schema(s),
Adapt or modify an existing schema.
Develop new schema(s),
Objective of FAST Project
Develop a new subject heading schema
based on LCSH suitable for metadata
which is easier to use, understand, and
maintain.
Minimized the need to construct
headings,
Simplify the syntax,
Retain the richness of the vocabulary.
Simplify the Complex Syntax
and Rules
FAST Team
Ed O’Neill, OCLC
Diane Vizine-Goetz, OCLC
Kerre Kammerer, OCLC
Eric Childress, OCLC
Rebecca Dean, OCLC
Lois Mai Chan, University of Kentucky
Lynn El-Hoshy, Library of Congress
Synergy
ALCTS/SAC
Library of
OCLC
Congress
Advantages of LCSH
Rich vocabulary covering all subject areas,
It has the strong institutional support of the Library of
Congress,
Synonym and homograph control,
Has been extensively used by libraries, contained in
millions of bibliographic records,
Has a long and well-documented history.
Card Format
Originally created
for card catalogs—a Z693.5
U6C48
Chan, Lois Mai.
Cataloging--United States.
Cataloging and classification: an
3x5 card environment, introduction / Lois Mai Chan. -- 2nd ed.
Z693.5 Chan, Lois Mai.
New York : McCraw-Hill, c1994.
Cataloging ill. ; 24 cm.
U6C48 xxii, 519 p. :and classification: an
Classification--Books.
introduction / Lois Mai Chan. -- 2nd ed.
Pre-coordinated Includes : McCraw-Hill, references (p.
New York Lois Mai.
Z693.5 Chan,bibliographical c1994.
493-502) Cataloging: and classification: an
and index. ill. ; 24 cm.
U6C48 xxii, 519 p.
0-07-010506-5
ISBN introduction / Lois Mai Chan. -- 2nd ed.
vocabulary, Includes bibliographical references (p.
New York : McCraw-Hill, c1994.
493-502) and index. ill. ; 24 2.
1. Cataloging--United States. cm. Class-
xxii, 519 p. :
ISBN 0-07-010506-5
ification--Books. I. Title.
Includes bibliographical references (p.
Design limits 1. Cataloging--United States. 2. Class-
493-502) and index.
ification--Books. I. Title.
ISBN 0-07-010506-5
number of entries. 1. Cataloging--United States.
ification--Books. I. Title.
2. Class-
Coverage of LCSH Topical
Authority File
Coverage of Geographic
Authority File
Patterns Subdivisions
Pattern subdivisions, like free-floats, are subdivisions
which have general application. However, the scope
of patterns is limited to particular types (patterns) of
headings.
Patients is one of several hundred subdivisions that
can be used with headings for individual or types of
diseases and other medical conditions …
Burns and scalds x Patients
Combining Pattern Subdivisions
Burns and scalds x Patients
x Family relationships
Burns and scalds is an established heading,
Burns and scalds is covered by the disease pattern,
Patients is authorized under the pattern for diseases
Burns and scalds x Patients
becomes a class of persons,
Family relationships
is authorized under the pattern for classes of persons.
FAST Requirements
Usable by people with minimal training and
experience,
Enables a broad range of users to assign subject
terminology to web resources:
– Bibliographers
– Faculty
– Reference staff
Amenable to automated authority control,
Compatibility with use as embedded metadata,
Focus on making use of LCSH as a post-coordinate
system in an online environment.
Facets
Topical
Personal Names
Agriculture
Geographic Corporate Names
Ohio—Dublin Conference/Meetings
Form Uniform Titles
Guidebooks
Period
1901 - 2000
FACET: Topical
LCSH main headings from topical headings
(650),
All associated general ($x) subdivisions from
any type of LCSH heading,
Period subdivisions containing topical
aspects from any type of LCSH heading,
All topical headings will be established in an
authority file.
FAST: Topical Headings
Industrial project management—Data
processing.
Colombian poetry
Blacksmithing—History.
Epic literature—History and criticism.
Pets and travel
Quartets (Pianos (2), percussion)
Natural gas pipelines—Economic aspects
School psychologists
Blood banks
Loudspeakers—Design and construction
FACET: Geographic
Geographic name will be established and applied in
indirect order, [Ohio—Columbus not Columbus (Ohio)],
First level geographic names will be limited to names
from the Geographic Area Codes table (e.g., Ohio,
France, Great Lakes, etc.)
Other names will be entered as subdivisions under the
smallest first level name in which it is fully contained
(North America—Maya Forest)
Qualifiers are only be used to identify the type of
geographic name (Kingdom, Satellite, Duchy, Princely
State, etc.).
All geographic headings will be established in an
authority file.
Charlevoix Search Example
Charlevoix (LCSH headings)
Charlevoix (Mich.) Michigan—Beaver Island (Charlevoix County)
Charlevoix (Quebec) Michigan—Charlevoix
Charlevoix County (Mich.) Michigan—Charlevoix County
Charlevoix County (Quebec) Michigan—Charlevoix Region
Charlevoix Harbor (Mich.) Michigan—Charlevoix, Lake
Charlevoix Region (Mich.) Michigan—Deer Creek Watershed
Charlevoix Region (Quebec) (Charlevoix County)
Charlevoix Site (Mich.) Michigan—Horton Creek (Charlevoix County)
Charlevoix, Lake (Mich.) Michigan—Lake Charlevoix
Charlevoix-Est (Quebec : Michigan—Marion (Charlevoix County)
Regional County Municipality) Michigan—Peaine Township (Charlevoix County)
Charlevoix-Est (Quebec) Michigan—St. James Township
Charlevoix-Est County (Que.) (Charlevoix County)
Charlevoix-Est County (Quebec) O'Neill Site, Charlevoix County, (Mich.)
Charlevoix-Ouest (Quebec) Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix
Charlevoix-Ouest County (Que.) Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix Co.
Charlevoix-Ouest County (Quebec) Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix East
Clermont (Charlevoix-Est, Quebec) Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix Region
Deer Creek Watershed (Charlevoix County, Mich.) Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix West
Holy Island (Charlevoix County, Mich.) Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix-Est
Horton Creek (Charlevoix County, Mich.) Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix-Est
Horton Creek Marsh, Charlevoix County, (Mich.) (Regional County Municipality)
Lake Charlevoix (Mich.) Quebec (Province)—Charlevoix-Ouest
Lake Charlevoix (Michigan) Quebec—Charlevoix Region
Marion (Charlevoix County, Mich.) Quebec—Charlevoix-Est
Quebec—Charlevoix-Ouest
Charlevoix (FAST headings)
Michigan--Charlevoix
Michigan--Charlevoix County
Michigan--Charlevoix County--Deer Creek Watershed
Michigan--Charlevoix County--Holy Island
Michigan--Charlevoix County--Horton Creek
Michigan--Charlevoix County--Beaver Island
Michigan--Charlevoix County--Marion
Michigan--Charlevoix County--O'Neill Site
Michigan--Charlevoix County--Peaine Township
Michigan--Charlevoix Harbor
Michigan--Charlevoix Region
Michigan--Lake Charlevoix
Quebec ………………………….
FACET: Forms
Uses table developed based on LC
documentation (e.g., SCM, FFS:AAI), and
independent correspondence,
LCSH tagged headings not containing $v will
be processed for correction prior to validation,
All form headings will be established in an
authority file.
Example of Forms
Translations into French
Rules
Dictionaries—Swedish
Controversial literature—Early works to 1800
Translations into Russian
Statistics—Databases
Textbooks for foreign speakers—English—Juvenile
literature
Slides
Directories
Correspondence—Juvenile literature
Records
FACET: Period
Chronological headings will reflect the actual
time period of coverage for the resource,
Chronological headings will be expressed as
a numeric date or date range.
Authority records will be created for period
subdivision except when necessary for notes
or cross-references.
Example of Faceting (DC view)
650 0 Slavery $z United States
$v Fiction.
Subject Slavery
Coverage.spatial United States
Type Fiction
Interoperability between LCSH and
FAST
Separating syntax from semantics, the
syntax can be simplified while retaining the
richness of vocabulary in LCSH is retained,
FAST and LCSH can co-exist.
For more information:
Chan, Lois Mai et. al. ―A Faceted Approach to Subject
Data in the Dublin Core Metadata Record.‖ Journal of
Internet Cataloging. Volume 4, no. 1-2, 2001, p. 35-47.
O’Neill, Edward T. et. Al. ―Form Subdivisions: Their
Identification and Use in LCSH.‖ Accepted for publication
in Library Resources & Technical Services.
For a copy of this presentation:
www.wcp.oclc.org/FAST
