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Computer Hardware
Benefits
you judge your computer
Help
capabilities
Help you to use your computer
efficiently
Helpyou to correct minor computing
problems
Basic Facts
Definitions
– Computer
– Input/output
– Binary digital system
– Hardware/software
Basichardware
Software (operating system)
COMPUTER DEFINITION
A computer is an electronic device
which works within a binary digital
system and has 4 functions:
– Accept input (data – isolated facts)
– Process input (data)
– Produce output (information – processed data)
– Storage
Binary Digital System
Two Number System
Binary Digital System
A system that works with two
states. For the computer these
two states are on/off or the digits
of 1 and 0.
The basic unit (1and 0) is a BIT.
The Difference Between
Hardware/Software
Hardware– all the tangible parts of
the computer
Software – programs or sets of
instructions for the computer
CPU - Central Processing Unit
One of Two of the most important parts
of the computer
Only active part in the computer
–does all the processing
–It’s the
CPU - Central Processing Unit
Only communicates with RAM
HARDWARE SYSTEM OVERVIEW
BUS Hard Drive
Tower CPU
RAM
Floppy CD Ports
Drive Drive
Peripheral
devices
keyboard
mouse printer
Monitor
CPU - Central Processing Unit
Megahertz – unit of speed for the CPU;
how fast can it fetch an instruction from
RAM and execute it (machine cycle)
– Millions of cycles per second
RAM – random access memory
One of the two most important
parts of the computer
Holds data and instructions
waiting for processing by the CPU
Temporary storage
Contents are deleted when power
source removed.
RAM is measured in storage units
that are variations of bits.
Units of Storage
= smallest unit of storage
BIT
binary digit; 1 or a 0
BYTE
BYT = 8 bits
E
KILOBYTE
= 1,000 bytes
MEGABYTE = 1,000,000 bytes
GIGABYTE = 1,000,000,000
bytes
TERABYTE = 1,000,000,000,000
bytes
Remember that 1 or 0 corresponds to whether the space is
receiving an electronic charge or not.
SECONDARY
STORAGE Notice the letters
refer to separate
Disk Drives
pieces of hardware.
Floppy Disk Hard CD/DVD USB (jump)
Drives Drive Drives Drives
A:\ C:\ D:\ F:\
B:\ My Documents E:\ Has a port
removable Inside machine removable removable
Hard drives and Floppy
drives
Have magnetic disks
Hard drives store more because they have
several disks.
Both have a read/write head which reads the
data on the disk.
A CRASH is when the read/write head touches the
disk and destroys data.
CD/DVD Drives
Composed of one disk.
Very large, permanent storage.
Portable storage.
Disks work with light waves.
– A 1 or a 0 now means that the part
reflects light or does not reflect
light.
CD’s write on one side
DVD’s write on two sides
DVD’s
USB Drives/Devices
Portable storage
Also known as flash
drives
Storage is similar to
RAM chips
Need to plug into a
USB port.
DVD’s
HARDWARE SYSTEM OVERVIEW
BUS Hard Drive
Tower CPU
RAM
Floppy CD Ports
Drive Drive
Peripheral
devices
keyboard
mouse printer
Monitor
L:\
NEW DRIVE
drive
L:\ Drive – specific to a network
drive
Very large, permanent storage.
Space given on this drive to
students when a network
account is given.
Storage is actually another hard
drive on a separate network
computer.
DVD’s
HARDWARE SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Hard Drive
BUS
Tower CPU
RAM
Floppy CD Ports
Drive Drive
Peripheral
devices keyboard
mouse printer
Monitor
Some Hardware Definitions
Tower – box that holds CPU, RAM, etc.
Peripheral Devices – input/output
devices such as the printer, monitor, etc.
Bus – electronic device that connects all
the internal parts of the computer
Port– connects external peripheral
devices to the computer; different sizes
match different peripheral devices
HARDWARE SYSTEM OVERVIEW
BUS Hard Drive
Tower CPU
RAM
Floppy CD Ports
Drive Drive
Peripheral
devices
keyboard
mouse printer
Monitor
Some Hardware Definitions
ROM
Single chip that is activated only
once when the machine is turned on
Has two functions
– Runs a hardware check
– Loads the operating system
LOAD – brings the software from the hard
drive to RAM so that it’s instructions can be
processed by the CPU
USERactivates LOAD on files/software
when he double clicks on an icon
An Overview of the Entire Computer System
USER
Application software
MSWord, EXCEL, email
System software - operating system
HARDWARE
The Difference Between
Application/System
Software
Application software – solves user
problems
– MSWord; EXCEL; email software
System software – designed to
interface with the hardware
– Operating system
Operating System
System software
Set of instructions
Always running
(behind the other
programs)
3 functions
Provides a friendly user interface
Controls computer resources
– Allocates memory
– Allocates a CPU time slice
services to running
Provides
programs
Friendly
User
Interface
Logical file organization.
Tree structure
Upside down tree.
Path (\) – gives the route through the
tree ROOT
c:\ DRIVES
Parent directory a:\
l:\
of Sub1, Sub2
DIR 1 DIR 2 DIR 3
SUB 1 SUB 2 SUB 3 SUB 4 SUB 5
File1 File
Logical file organization.
A little test. YES!!!
Is Dir2 the parent
directory of Sub3?
ROOT
c:\
a:\
l:\
DIR 1 DIR 2 DIR 3
SUB 1 SUB 2 SUB 3 SUB 4 SUB 5
File1 File
Can the operating system show me
the drives?
YES!!!
List of Drives
File name . extension
File name can be any
characters/symbols
Extension – gives the type
of the file
Xls
Doc
File Management Icons
Shows file details
Moves up to
(extensions)
parent directory
Searches for files and
directories.
Shows a double file listing.
1.Show the folder to copy to on
the right or left.
2. Click on the file or folder to
move.
3. Drag the file or folder to the
new location.
Basic Facts
Definitions
– Computer
– Input/output
– Binary digital system
– Hardware/software
Basichardware
Software (operating system)
A Little Hardware Review
A computer is?
A binary digital system is?
Define input/output?
Define hardware/software?
What is the first piece of hardware
activated when the machine starts?
What does all the processing in the
computer?
