Brain Computer Interaction of Indian Facial Expressions Recognition Through Digital Electroencephalography

Report as inappropriate Your report has been received

Description

The International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS Vol. 9 No. 2) is a reputable venue for publishing novel ideas, state-of-the-art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of computer science and information & communication security. IJCSIS is a peer reviewed international journal with a key objective to provide the academic and industrial community a medium for presenting original research and applications related to Computer Science and Information Security. . The core vision of IJCSIS is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of everyone ranging from the academic and professional research communities to industry practitioners in a range of topics in computer science & engineering in general and information & communication security, mobile & wireless networking, and wireless communication systems. It also provides a venue for high-calibre researchers, PhD students and professionals to submit on-going research and developments in these areas. . IJCSIS invites authors to submit their original and unpublished work that communicates current research on information assurance and security regarding both the theoretical and methodological aspects, as well as various applications in solving real world information security problems.

Shared by: ijcsis

Stats

views:: 282
posted:: 3/8/2011
language:: English
pages:: 4

Public Domain

Document Sample

(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 9, No. 2, February 2011

Brain Computer Interaction Of Indian Facial Expressions Recognition Through
Digital Electroencephalography

Mr.Dinesh Chandra Jain Dr. V.P Pawar
Univ. of RGPV, Dept. Of Computer-Sc & Engineering Univ. of Pune, Dept. of Computer App.
Shri Vaishnav Inst. of Technology Director of Siddhant Inst. of Comp-App
Indore, India Pune, India
dineshwebsys@gmail.com vrushvijay@yahoo.co.in

Abstract— The brain computer interaction could be the interface so expression may consider as a vector in the seven
medium of the future, instead of using peripheral input output devices dimensional field[5]. In anatomical FACS , the subject have
.So The brain computer interaction is a path way in which through been made to express expressions which will have anatomical
digital EEG technique the brain signals of human subject have been aspects of the face. The facial expression are controlled by the
recorded under different poses by using Digital
brain so it is useful to correlate the expression with the
Electroencephalograph (EEG) 2400NP instrument. Under
experimental setup The subjects have given different expressions
brain[6]. Today’s there are so many techniques available for
corresponding brain signals that have been recorded through a direct contact with neural as Electroencephalography(EEG),
popular technique Digital EEG. An attempt has been done to Magneto encephalography (MEG) and FMRI[7].
correlate these results to the facial action coding System (FACS).
II. BCI THROUGH EEG
In brain computer interaction electroencephalography
Keywords- Bci, Eeg, Expression, Facial coding System. technique is an approximation of the cumulative
All standard paper components have been specified for electrical activity of neurons and is a measure of the
three reasons: (1) ease of use when formatting individual brain's voltage fluctuations as detected from scalp
papers, (2) automatic compliance to electronic requirements electrodes. This technology is to augment human
that facilitate the concurrent or later production of electronic capabilities by enabling human subject to interact with a
products, and (3) conformity of style throughout a conference computer through a conscious and spontaneous
proceedings. Margins, column widths, line spacing, and type modulation of their brain waves after a short training
styles are built-in; examples of the type styles are provided period. A brain computer interaction has been developed
throughout this document and are identified in italic type, cerebral electric activity is recorded via the
within parentheses, following the example. Some components, Electroencephalography: electrodes , attached on the scalp
such as multi-leveled equations, graphics, and tables are not and measure the electric signal of the brain[8] . The
prescribed, although the various table text styles are provided. signals are amplified and transmitted to the computer
The formatter will need to create these components, which transform them into device control command. The
incorporating the applicable criteria that follow. crucial requirement for the successful functioning of the
brain computer interaction is that the electric activity in
I. INTRODUCTION the scalp surface.
The most important challenging application of brain
computer interaction is to enables direct interaction between
human and computer by directly receiving and transmitting
signals to and from the brain of human subject. In the
Computer system the Recognition of Facial expression of
human subject is a great challenging task[1][2][3].
During expression recognition of human face there are so
many complex issue arises like: neuromedical ,anatomical
and psychological[4]. This is dependent on the social behavior
of human.. Basically, one human being may have different
expression under different -2 conditions. The human subject
may have seven type of universal facial expressions like:
happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, disgust, and neutral Fig1. Brain computer Interaction
Identify applicable sponsor/s here. (sponsors)

212 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 9, No. 2, February 2011

EEG frequency band

There are Five rhythms as:
1) Gamma ϒ: 30-50 Hz 2) Beta β: 13-30 Hz 3) Alpha α: 8-
13 Hz 4) Theta θ: 4-8 Hz 5) Delta δ: 0.5-4 Hz.

EEG Characteristics

• It measures directly brain function.
• It has a high temporal resolution, in the range of
milliseconds.
• The spatial resolution is in the range of centimeters for
scalp electrodes, while implanted electrodes can measure Fig 4:The international 10-20 system
the activity of single neurons.
• Scalp electrodes are non-invasive while implanted The test was conducted for ten minutes and each participant
electrodes are invasive. was asked to give the different expressions while imaging the
• The required equipment is portable. particular situations portraying different emotions
simultaneously. The lower filter of the Neuro portable EEG
Experimental method and procedure was set at 1Hz, High filter at 70Hz; sensitivity at 7μV,
channels 20, sweep speed 30mm/sec, Montage set 1 for all
During eeg test the subject should be prepared to give experiment[13]. The resultant facial expressions of the
different type of facial expressions[9]. To conduct test , the participants were also captured photographically with the help
scalp must be free from oil now tie The electrode cap over of a digital camera. At the same time, the signals of the
head with the use of electrode cream and finally check all the different regions of the brain were mapped. The different
electrodes are connected with subject head, now said to position of connection for signal monitoring is shown in fig
subject to give six universal face expression[10] and on 4[14]. An example of mapped signal is shown in fig 5. The
behalf of expression see the signal fluctuation and record it experiment was conducted in the sound proof environment.
with the four different regions of the brain[11].

Fig2: Electrode connected on head. Fig 3 . Four region of brain

Fig5 : signal of different -different brain area.
In our experimental setup we have to selected fifteen male
persons in the age group of 6 to 30 year with non-psychiatric
history have been selected for our experiment. The electrode
cap was placed on the different regions of each person EEG
was recorded at sites of brain region for all frontal lobe and
parietal lobe are put together FP2-F4(R), FP1-F3 (L) and
Occipital lobe (C4-P4(R), C3-P3 (L)/Temporal lobe are kept
separate. FP1, FP2, F3, F4, F7, F8, FTC1, FTC2, C3, C4, T3,
T4, TCP1, TCP2, T5, T6, P3, P4, PZ, O1, O2,A1,A2. The fig
4 contains details of connection for left and right portion of the
brain in 10-20 international system[12].

Fig 6: Eeg signal window during test

213 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 9, No. 2, February 2011
The signals corresponding to different expressions were The description of the apparatus used as Electrode cable, GND
recorded and stored in the computer[15] .The four regions of plug wire, Phonetic wire, EEG conducting paste, Absorbent
the brain with left, right, front and back positions are identified cotton wool I.P., Sony digital camera HD 5X.
corresponding to these positions, the average frequency and
the average peak voltage are determined through commercial III. Result and Conclusion
software available with the system The signals were recorded
three times for each expression corresponding to all different The goal of the present research work is to represent the
seven subjects. The average values are mentioned in the Table experimental work towards bci direction. In our experimental
1.The EEG 24/NP channel unit used was from Digital setup, A portable Electroencephalograph system has been used
Neurocompact Medicaid System[16]. for brain. It has been found that in the human subject there are
twenty six muscles are responsible for the overall movement
of the face. The photographic expressions for each experiment
are shown in fig (7).

Happy Sad Angry Fear Disgust Surprise

Fig 7. Six Facial Expression

All Four
Brain Positions
Regions Position 1 Position 2 Result
FL
FL PL OL TL +PL+OL+TL
Left Right Left Right Left & Right
Avg. Avg.
of of
Expressions F PV F PV F PV F PV F PV
1.Neutral
24.5 38.6 22.5 34.0 21.5 34.5 20.5 37 23.0 35.15
2.Happy
24 44.5 21.9 42.1 24.5 36.2 23.1 32.9 23.37 42.75
3.Sad 22.5 34.3 26.3 39.6 20.2 33.0 22.1 36.8 25.35 35.92
4.Anger
19.6 35 26.1 35.6 23.4 31.1 20.4 33.4 22.37 33.77
5.Fear 19.7 36.8 18.9 34.9 16.6 27.0 16.9 36.1 19.11 35.37
6.Disgust 19.5 40.2 20.1 35.2 18.5 30.2 19.6 38.2 19.42 35.95
7.Surprise 13.1 32.4 17.9 34.7 13.9 32.8 13.8 34.7 14.67 33.65

Table 1. Results for different facial expression

214 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 9, No. 2, February 2011

References

[1]. Desney S. Tan, Anton Nijholt(Eds.)” Brain computer [16]. Clinical application of an EEG-based brain-computer
interaction applying our minds to HCI”,springer interface: a case study
[2]. Rosenberger E. and Ekman, E.1994, Coherence between in a patient with severe motor impairment by Neuper C,
expressive and experimental system in emotion Müller G, Kübler A, Birbaumer N, Pfurtscheller G. Clinical
cognition. Emotion, 8, 201-229. Neurophysiology, 114(3):399-409 (2003)
[3]. Cohn, J. & Zlochower , A.J. & Lien, J.J. & Kanade
T.(1998). Feature- by optimal flow discriminates subtle [17]. D. Gutiérrez, F. García-Nocetti, and J. Solano-Gonzalez,
differences in facial expression. Third IEEE International “Classifififification of Multichannel EEG Data
conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition. using Lenght/Energy Transforms,” in Proceedings of the 2005
396-401. 1st IEEE International Workshop on
[4].J.DBayliss,”A Flexible Brain Computer Interaction “, Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive
university of Rochester,2001. Processing, 2005, pp. 221–224.
[5]. Wheeler, R.E., R.J. Davidson and Tomarken , A.J.1993,
Frontal brain asymmetry and emotional reactivity: Author Profile
biology substrate of affective style, psychophysiology ,82-89.
[6]. P.Ekman,”Recognition of six basic facial expression and
their strength by neural “International workshop in
IEEE 1992. Mr. Dinesh Chandra Jain has completed B.E
[7]. Cohn, J.A., Allen J.J.B and Harmon- Jones, 2001, (Comp-Sc) in 2004 and M.Tech (IT) degree in
2007. He is presently working as
Voluntary facial Expression and hemispheric asymmetry Assistant Professor in the Department of Comp.
over the frontal cortex, Psychoysiology, 38, 912-925 . Science & Engg. at SVITS, Indore. and He is
[8] .Terzo poulous, D. & Waters, K. (1993). Analysis and pursuing PhD in the field of Digital Image
synthesis of facial image sequences using physical and Processing & Neural Network
Anatomical models. IEEE Trans.Pattern analysisNetwork.
Neural and
machine intelligence 15, 6: 569-579.
[9] Blundell, G. G. The meaning of EEG. London:
Audio Ltd. Dr.Vrushsen Pawar received MS,
[10]. Frances M.Dyro,”The EEG Handbook” clinical Ph.D.(Computer) Degree from Dept .CS
neurophysiology,LaboratoryMassachusetts, London,1989. & IT, Dr.B.A.M. University & PDF from
transactions on neural system. ES, University of Cambridge, UK. Also
[11].Ying-li Tian,Takeo Kanade J.F. Cohn “Recognizing
Received MCA (SMU), MBA (VMU)
Action Unit for facial expression analysis”, IEEE degrees respectively. He has received
prestigious fellowship from DST, UGRF (UGC), Sakaal
transactions on Pattern analysis & machine intelligence,
Feb(vol-23,no.2) pp. 97-115,2001 London, ABC (USA) etc. He has published 90 and more
foundation, ES
[12].Delorme and S.Makieig,”EEg changes accompanying research papers in reputed national international Journals &
learned regulation of 12-43 EEG – activity “ IEEE conferences. He has recognize Ph.D Guide from University of
[13]. The "10-20 System" of Electrode Placement University & Sighaniya University (India). He is senior IEEE
une, SRTM
member and other reputed society member. Currently working
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/1020.html as a Professor & Director in SICA institute is affiliated to
University of P pune.
[14]. Gupta, S.; Singh, H. Preprocessing EEG signals for
direct human-system interface.
Intelligence and Systems, 1996., IEEE International Joint
Symposia on , 1996
Page(s): 32 –37.

[15]. T.M. Vaughan, J.R. Wolpaw, and E. Donchin, "EEG-
Based Communication:
Prospects and Problems", IEEE Trans. on Rehabilitation
Engineering,4:4,pp. 425—430,1996.

215 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
ISSN 1947-5500