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Disease from Select Zoonotic Agents
Person-to-Person
•= Potential
System Affected
Vector Transmitted
Human www.cfsph.iastate.edu • cfsph@iastate.edu • 515.294.7189
Neurological
Respiratory
Septicemia
Incubation
Cutaneous
Intestinal
Period
Ocluar
Routes of
Disease Transmission Prominent Clinical Signs and Symptoms
BACTERIA
Campylobacteriosis ingestion (contaminated 1-10 Diarrhea with or without blood; fever; nausea; vomiting;
Campylobacter jejuni, food, fecal-oral) days abdominal pain; headache; muscle pain
C. fetus, C. coli
Cat Scratch Fever direct contact (scratch or 3-20 Self-limiting; mild to severe skin rash at site of
Bartonella henselae bite of cat) days inoculation; lymphadenopathy; fever; malaise; fatigue;
complications and atypical presentation in 5-16% of
patients
Chlamydiosis (mammals) ingestion (fecal-oral); unknown Headache; fever; vomiting; abortion; pelvic inflammatory
Chlamydophila inhalation; direct contact disease; septicemia; hepatitis; kidney dysfunction;
(birthing tissues) disseminated intravascular coagulation
abortus C. felis
Ehrlichiosis ticks 7-10 Headache; fever; chills; myalgia; vomiting; diarrhea;
Ehrlichia, Neorickettsia, days conjunctivitis; cough; confusion; children may develop a
Anaplasma rash; severe symptoms in immunosuppressed patients
Leptospirosis ingestion (contaminated 7-12 Biphasic illness; fever; headache; chills; severe leg
Leptospira species water); inhalation; direct days myalgia; conjunctival injection; jaundice; aseptic
contact (urine) meningitis; cough; dyspnea; acute renal failure; abortion
Listeriosis ingestion (contaminated 3-70 In-utero death, premature births; newborns may develop
Listeria monocytogenes food); direct contact days meningitis, septicemia, respiratory disease; adults may
(mother to child in womb develop rash, papules after handling infected newborns,
or during birth)
or placenta; fever; nausea; diarrhea
Lyme Disease ticks 7-14 “Bulls- eye” rash with central clearing; malaise; fatigue;
Borrelia burgdorferi days fever; headache; stiff neck; myalgia; arthralgia;
lymphadenopathy; chronic recurring arthritis
Rocky Mountain ticks 2-14 Fever; chills; malaise; headache; myalgia; vomiting;
Spotted Fever days diarrhea; edema of the face or extremities; conjunctivitis;
Rickettsia rickettsii non-pruritic macular rash, may involve palms of hands or
soles of feet; coma
Salmonellosis ingestion (fecal-oral) 12 hours Acute enterocolitis; headache; abdominal pain; diarrhea;
(reptiles) to nausea; fever; septicemia; meningitis. Disease may be
Salmonella species 18 days severe in the very young, elderly, or immunosuppressed
patients
Streptococcosis ingestion (contaminated hours Pharyngitis; pyoderma; abscesses; cellulitis; endocarditis;
Streptococcus canis, S. equi food); inhalation; direct to polyarthritis; pneumonia; septicemia; streptococcal toxic
contact (infected animal) 3 days shock syndrome
subsp. zooepidemicus,
S. iniae, S. suis
Tuberculosis (bovine) ingestion (unpasteurized variable May be asymptomatic; clinical signs depend upon route
Mycobacterium bovis milk or dairy products); of infection; cervical adenitis; genitourinary infection;
inhalation lesions in bones and joints; meningitis; pneumonia; may
be severe in immunosuppressed patients
FUNGI
Cryptococcosis inhalation (infected unknown Most asymptomatic; fever; malaise; coughing; chest pain;
Cryptococcus neoformans pigeon droppings) dyspnea; headache; weight loss; may cause
meningoencephalitis in immunosuppressed patients;
death
Dermatophytosis direct contact (infected 7-14 “Ringworm”, raised, inflamed, pruritic, circular lesion with
Microsporum species, animal) days central clearing; alopecia; thick, discolored nails; may
Trichophyton species disseminate in immunosuppressed patients
Note The information provided in this chart is intended to alert the public and medical professionals to the presence of potential zoonotic diseases. The information
should not be used to rule out a diagnosis, and should not take the place of advice provided by a physician or veterinarian. Additional zoonotic diseases can be found
on the CFSPH Bioterrorism/High Consequence Livestock Pathogens Wallchart. Technical information is available at http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/.
Chart created by: Ingrid Trevino, DVM, MPH References available at www.cfsph.iastate.edu/WallChartReferences/ Word Version created 12/15/2005
Disease from Select Zoonotic Agents
Person-to-Person
•= Potential
System Affected
Vector Transmitted
Human www.cfsph.iastate.edu • cfsph@iastate.edu • 515.294.7189
Neurological
Respiratory
Septicemia
Incubation
Cutaneous
Intestinal
Period
Ocluar
Routes of
Disease Transmission Prominent Clinical Signs and Symptoms
PARASITES
Ascariasis (Mange) direct contact (infected 1-4 Severe pruritis on arms, chest, abdomen, thighs;
Numerous species of mites animal) days macules, papules, pustules; possible severe painful
dermatitis with allergic reactions and chronic lesions
Baylisascariasis ingestion (fecal-oral) 7-30 Symptoms vary with number and location of larvae:
Baylisascaris procyonis days fever; nausea; lethargy; hepatomegaly; pneumonitis;
neurological signs; brain damage; blindness; death
Cysticercosis ingestion (fecal-oral) 10 days Symptoms vary with number and location of larvae;
Taenia species to chronic headaches, seizures most common; stroke; focal
years neurological signs; blurred vision; death
Echinococcosis ingestion (fecal-oral) months Asymptomatic; signs associated with mass lesion; liver
(hydatid disease) to and lungs most common; abdominal pain; vomiting;
Echinococcus granulosus, years jaundice; liver failure; cough; chest pain; blindness;
E. multilocularis seizures
Giardiasis ingestion (contaminated 1-25 Sudden onset of diarrhea with foul-smelling stools;
Giardia intestinalis water, fecal-oral) days abdominal cramps; bloating; flatulence; nausea; fatigue;
dehydration; chronic infections may occur
Larva Migrans direct contact (larvae) 7-14 Pruritus; winding threadlike cutaneous lesion with
(cutaneous) days erythema and swelling
Ancylostoma species
Larva Migrans Ingestion (fecal-oral) weeks Severe in young children; fever; cough; hepatomegaly;
(visceral, ocular) to pneumonia; ocular invasion; vomiting; weakness;
Toxocara species months anorexia; arthralgia; myalgia; lymphadenopathy
Leishmaniasis sand flies 7 days Cutaneous: papule; ulcer; may be chronic;
Leishmania species to Visceral: prolonged undulant fever; splenomegaly;
years hepatomegaly; fatal if untreated
Sarcocystosis ingestion (fecal-oral, 3 hours Asymptomatic to chronic; painful myositis; erythema;
Sarcocystis species undercooked meat) to muscle weakness; intestinal form usually self-limiting;
18 days fever; diarrhea; vomiting
Taeniasis Ingestion (undercooked 10 days May be asymptomatic; symptoms more common in
Taenia species. beef or pork) to children; abdominal pain; diarrhea or constipation;
years nausea; decreased or increased appetite; weight loss
Toxoplasmosis ingestion (fecal-oral, 5-23 Flu-like signs; fetal death; congenital abnormalities,
Toxoplasma gondii undercooked meat) days (hydrocephaly, microcephaly); severe in
immunocompromised patients; encephalitis
Trichuriasis ingestion (fecal-oral) variable Often asymptomatic; may develop chronic diarrhea;
Trichuris suis, T. trichiura, abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting; flatulence; headache;
T. vulpis weight loss; anemia; children may develop rectal
prolapse
VIRUSES
Contagious Ecthyma direct contact (infected 3-7 Small, firm papule at site of inoculation progressing to a
(Orf) animal) days weeping nodule that develops a thick crust; low-grade
Parapoxvirus fever; mild lymphadenopathy
Influenza inhalation; direct contact 1-4 Fever; chills; anorexia; headache; myalgia; weakness;
Influenzavirus (nasal secretions) days sneezing; rhinitis; sore throat; non-productive cough;
pneumonia; nausea, vomiting, otitis media in children;
death
Rabies direct contact (infective 1-3 Headache; fever; malaise; abnormal behavior; paresis or
Lyssavirus saliva into break in skin, on months paralysis; difficulty swallowing; delirium; convulsions;
mucous membranes); death
organ transplant
Note The information provided in this chart is intended to alert the public and medical professionals to the presence of potential zoonotic diseases. The information
should not be used to rule out a diagnosis, and should not take the place of advice provided by a physician or veterinarian. Additional zoonotic diseases can be found
on the CFSPH Bioterrorism/High Consequence Livestock Pathogens Wallchart. Technical information is available at http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/.
Chart created by: Ingrid Trevino, DVM, MPH References available at www.cfsph.iastate.edu/WallChartReferences/ Word Version created 12/15/2005
Disease From Select Zoonotic Agents
Severity of disease in potentially affected species
Animal Mild Moderate Severe www.cfsph.iastate.edu • cfsph@iastate.edu • 515.294.7189
Incubation
Horses
Period
Sheep
Cattle
Goats
Other
Dogs
Birds
Cats
Pigs
Disease Prominent Clinical Signs
BACTERIA
Campylobacteriosis ferrets, hamsters, mink, 3-25 Mucoid, watery, or blood-flecked diarrhea in many
Campylobacter jejuni, non-human primates days species; Cattle, Goats, Sheep: abortion; Hamsters: “wet
C. fetus, C. coli tail”; may be fatal in newly hatched chicks; asymptomatic
carriers common
Cat Scratch Fever bobcats, cheetahs, 2-16 No natural occurring disease reported; research studies
Bartonella henselae cougars, Florida days have produced fever; lethargy; anorexia; myalgia;
panthers lymphadenopathy; transient behavioral and neurological
dysfunction
Chlamydiosis (mammals) deer, llamas 3-10 days in Goats, Sheep: late term abortion; stillbirths; low birth
Chlamydophila abortus, cats; others weight or premature offspring; Cats: fever; conjunctivitis;
C. felis vary ocular discharge; corneal ulcers; rhinitis; Cattle: sporadic
abortions
Ehrlichiosis coyotes, llamas, 1-20 Dogs, Horses: fever; lethargy; anorexia; petechiae;
Ehrlichia, Neorickettsia, non-human primates, days lameness; edema in hind legs; Dogs: may develop
red foxes, rodents, bleeding disorders; Cattle, Sheep: abortions
Anaplasma
wild ruminants
Leptospirosis rodents, sea lions, seals 4-12 Cattle, Goats, Pigs Sheep: abortions; decreased fertility;
Leptospira species days Calves, Piglets: fever; diarrhea; meningitis; Dogs: variable;
hemorrhagic syndromes; kidney disease; Horses: ocular
lesions
Listeriosis guinea pigs, rabbits 10 days Depression; anorexia; facial paralysis with profuse
Listeria monocytogenes to salivation; torticollis; strabismus; circling; incoordination;
3 weeks head pressing; abortions; death
Lyme Disease deer, opossums, 2-5 Dogs: lameness; arthritis; Horses: lameness; arthritis;
Borrelia burgdorferi raccoons, rodents months encephalitis; uveitis; dermatitis; edema of the limbs;
abortion
Rocky Mountain Spotted opossums, rabbits, 2-14 Fever; anorexia; depression; lymphadenopathy; dyspnea;
Fever rodents days diarrhea; vomiting; joint or muscle pain; edema of the face
Rickettsia rickettsii or extremities; petechiae of oral or ocular membranes;
ataxia; paraparesis; seizures; renal failure; coma
Salmonellosis (reptiles) lizards, snakes, variable Clinical disease uncommon; can develop septicemia;
Salmonella species tortoises, turtles anorexia; listlessness; osteomyelitis; osteoarthritis;
subcutaneous abscesses; death
Streptococcosis bison, ferrets, fish, varies with Mastitis; metritis; placentitis; abortion; septicemia; wound
Streptococcus canis, foxes, guinea pigs, form infection; polyarthritis; pleuritis; endocarditis; abscesses;
non-human primates pneumonia; meningitis; pyoderma; toxic shock; death;
S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus,
S. iniae, S. suis Guinea Pigs: cervical lympadenitis
Tuberculosis (bovine) badgers, cervids, variable Chronic condition; may be asymptomatic; weakness;
Mycobacterium bovis non-human primates, anorexia; weight loss; lymphadenopathy;
zoo animals bronchopneumonia; dyspnea; Calves: ingestion of
infected milk may cause retropharyngeal
lymphadenopathy
FUNGI
Cryptococcosis ferrets, foxes, guinea unknown Cats: chronic rhinitis; sinusitis; lymphadenopathy;
Cryptococcus neoformans pigs, llamas, mink, non-pruritic nodules on face; CNS disease; ocular lesions;
non-human primates osteomyelitis; Cattle, Goats, Sheep: mastitis; Dogs:
neurologic disease; Horses: obstructive growths in the
nasal cavity
Dermatophytosis rabbits, rodents 2-4 Young animals most susceptible; adults may be
Microsporum species, weeks asymptomatic; small circular areas of alopecia; flakey skin;
Trichophyton species most species non-pruritic; Pigs: wrinkled lesion with thin
brown, easily removed scab
Note The information provided in this chart is intended to alert the public and medical professionals to the presence of potential zoonotic diseases. The information
should not be used to rule out a diagnosis, and should not take the place of advice provided by a physician or veterinarian. Additional zoonotic diseases can be found
on the CFSPH Bioterrorism/High Consequence Livestock Pathogens Wallchart. Technical information is available at http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/.
Chart created by: Ingrid Trevino, DVM, MPH References available at www.cfsph.iastate.edu/WallChartReferences/ Word Version created 12/15/2005
Disease From Select Zoonotic Agents
Severity of disease in potentially affected species
Animal Mild Moderate Severe www.cfsph.iastate.edu • cfsph@iastate.edu • 515.294.7189
Incubation
Horses
Period
Sheep
Cattle
Goats
Other
Dogs
Birds
Cats
Pigs
Disease Prominent Clinical Signs
PARASITES
Acariasis (Mange) bats, felids, fox, guinea 10-60 Pruritic; secondary pyoderma; depression; anorexia;
Numerous species of mites pigs, rabbits, raccoons, days chronic infection may lead to hyperkeratotic lesions; fatal
rodents infestations may be seen in wild animals
Baylascariasis rabbits, raccoons, 10-20 Dogs, Raccoons: usually asymptomatic; Rodents, Rabbits:
Baylisascaris procyonis rodents days neurological signs; circling; torticollis; ataxia; head
tremors; progressive weakness; dysphagia; death
Cysticercosis bears, llamas, rabbits, 10 days Severity of clinical signs depend upon number and
Taenia species rodents, non-human to location of larvae; Goats, Sheep: fever; head tilt; circling;
primates, wild 6 months meningoencephalitis; ataxia; blindness; paralysis;
ruminants
convulsions; death; Cattle, Pigs: fever; muscle weakness;
Dogs, Cats: neurological signs
Echinococcosis canids, felids, unknown Carnivores: asymptomatic; incidental finding of cysts at
(hydatid disease) herbivores, non-human necropsy; Herbivores: may affect liver, abdominal cavity;
primates, rodents ascites; hepatomegaly; dyspnea; diarrhea; vomiting;
Echinococcus granulosus,
E. multilocularis weight loss; Rodents: fatal within weeks
Giardia beavers 5-14 Adults: may be asymptomatic; Young animals: diarrhea or
Giardia intestinalis days soft stools; poor hair coat; flatulence; weight loss or failure
to gain weight
Hookworms 7-20 Disease varies with parasite burden and age of the animal;
Ancyclostoma species days severe in puppies; diarrhea; anorexia; emaciation;
weakness; poor hair coat; anemia; interdigital dermatitis,
death
Roundworms 30 days Severe in puppies and kittens; lack of growth; loss of
Toxocara species condition; “potbellied” appearance; parasites in vomit and
feces; pneumonia; diarrhea
Leishmaniasis canids, marsupials, 3 months Cats, Horses: cutaneous form; non-pruritic exfoliative
Leishmania species non-human primates, to dermatitis around eyes, ears; Dogs: Foxhounds most
rodents years commonly affected; cutaneous lesions; fever; anemia;
lymphadenopathy; weight loss; anorexia; ocular lesions;
splenomegaly
Sarcocystosis non-human primates, 10 days May be asymptomatic; fever; anorexia; diarrhea; muscle
Sarcocystis species opossums, rodents, to spasms; weakness; hyperexcitability; pneumonia;
rabbits years hemorrhages; anemia; icterus; prostration; hind limb
paresis; ataxia; death
Taeniasis coyotes, fox, lynx, 5-12 Visible passage of proglottids from anus; other signs are
Taenia species non-human primates, weeks rare but may include unthriftiness; malaise; irritability;
wolves decreased appetite; mild diarrhea or colic
Toxoplasmosis non-human primates, unknown Most infections asymptomatic. Goats, Sheep, Pigs:
Toxoplasma gondii rabbits, rodents abortions; stillbirths; Lambs: weak; high mortality rate;
Cats: lethargy; persistent fever; anorexia; incoordination;
paralysis; retinal detachment; death; Dogs: most
asymptomatic
Trichuriasis non-human primates 10-12 Most cases asymptomatic; mucoid or hemorrhagic
Trichuris suis, T. trichiura, days diarrhea; weight loss; unthriftiness; anemia; death may
T. vulpis occur in piglets
VIRUSES
Contagious Ecthyma (Orf) alpaca, camels, wild 2-3 Papules, pustules, vesicles develop into thick crusts on
Parapoxvirus ruminants days lips, nose, ears, eyelids, occasionally feet, perineal region,
inside mouth; ewes nursing infected lambs may develop
lesions on teats and udder
Influenza* ferrets, mink, seals, 1-7 Horses, Pigs: fever; anorexia; dry cough; labored breathing;
Influenzavirus whales days Pigs: may develop nasal discharge; Poultry: mild to severe;
coughing; sneezing; decreased egg production; death
Rabies any mammal 10 days Restlessness; anorexia or increased appetite; vomiting;
Lyssavirus to fever; ataxia; incoordination; ascending paralysis;
6 months increased aggression; death
*Disease may not be transmissible to humans from all animal species
Note The information provided in this chart is intended to alert the public and medical professionals to the presence of potential zoonotic diseases. The information
should not be used to rule out a diagnosis, and should not take the place of advice provided by a physician or veterinarian. Additional zoonotic diseases can be found
on the CFSPH Bioterrorism/High Consequence Livestock Pathogens Wallchart. Technical information is available at http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/.
Chart created by: Ingrid Trevino, DVM, MPH References available at www.cfsph.iastate.edu/WallChartReferences/ Word Version created 12/15/2005
