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A Guide to Project
Management
6 Basic Principles to
Project Management
• Define the job in detail
• Get the right people involved
• Estimate the time and costs
• Break the job down using the
40-hour rule
• Establish a change procedure
• Agree on acceptance criteria
Project Management
Framework
• Introduction
• Project Management Context
• Project Management Process
Introduction
• What is a Project?
• What is Project Management?
• Relationship to Other
Management Disciplines
• Related Endeavors
What is a Project?
• Performed by people
• Constrained by limited
resources
• Planned, executed and
controlled
What is Project
Management?
• Competing demands for:
• Scope
• Time
• Cost
• Risk
• Quality
• Stakeholders with differing needs
and expectations
• Identified requirements
Relationship to Other
Management Disciplines
• Functional departments and
supporting disciplines
• Technical elements
• Management specializations
• Industry groups
Related Endeavors
• Programs
• Project portfolio management
• Subprojects
Project Management
Context
• Project Phases and the Project
Life Cycle
• Project Stakeholders
• Organizational Influences
• Key General Management Skills
• Social-Economic-Environmental
Influences
Project Management
Processes
• Project Processes
• Process Groups
• Process Interaction
• Customizing Process
Interactions
• Mapping of Project Management
Processes
Mapping of Project
Management Process
Process Group Initiating Planning Executing Controlling Closing
Knowledge Area
Project Scope •Project Plan Development •Project Plan Execution •Integrated Change
Management Control
Project Scope •Initiation •Scope Planning •Scope Verification
Management •Scope Definition •Scope Change
Control
Project Time •Activity Definition •Schedule Control
Management •Activity Sequencing
•Activity Duration Estimating
•Schedule Development
Project Cost •Resource Planning •Cost Control
Management •Cost Estimating
•Cost Budgeting
Project Quality •Quality Planning •Quality Assurance •Quality Control
Management
Project Human •Organizational Planning •Team Development
Resource Management •Staff Acquisition
Project •Communications Planning •Information Distribution •Performance •Administrative
Communications Reporting Closure
Management
Risk Project •Risk Management Planning •Risk Monitoring and
Management •Risk Identification Control
•Qualitative Risk Analysis
•Quantitative Risk Analysis
•Risk Response Planning
Project Procurement •Procurement Planning •Solicitation •Contract Closeout
Management •Solicitation Planning •Source Selection
•Contract Administration
Project Management
Knowledge Areas
• Project Integration Management
• Project Scope Management
• Project Time Management
• Project Cost Management
• Project Quality Management
• Project Human Resource Management
• Project Communications Management
• Project Risk Management
• Project Procurement Management
Project Integration
Management
• Project Plan Development
• Project Plan Execution
• Integrated Change Control
Project Plan
Development
• Inputs • Tools and Techniques
• Other planning outputs • Project planning
• Historical information methodology
• Organizational policies • Stakeholders skills
• Constraints and knowledge
• Assumptions • Project management
information systems
(PMIS)
• Earned value
management (EVM)
• Outputs
• Project plan(s)
• Supporting detail
Project Plan Execution
• Inputs • Tools and Techniques
• Project plan • General management
• Supporting detail skills
• Organizational policies • Product skills and
• Preventive action knowledge
• Corrective action • Work authorization
system
• Status review meetings
• Project management
information system
• Organizational
procedures
• Outputs
• Work results
• Change requests
Integrated Change
Control
• Inputs • Tools and Techniques
• Project plan • Change control system
• Performance reports • Configuration
• Change requests management
• Performance
measurement
• Additional planning
• Project management
information system
• Output
• Project plan updates
• Corrective action
• Lessons learned
Project Scope
Management
• Scope Initiation
• Scope Planning
• Scope Definition
• Scope Verification
• Scope Change Control
Scope Initiation
• Inputs • Tools and
• Product description Techniques
• Strategic plan • Project selection
• Project selection methods
criteria • Expert judgement
• Outputs
• Project charter
• Project manager
identified/assigned
• Constraints
• Assumptions
Scope Planning
• Inputs • Tools and
• Product description Techniques
• Project charter • Product analysis
• Constraints • Benefit/cost
• Assumptions analysis
• Alternatives
identification
• Expert judgement
• Outputs
• Scope statement
• Supporting detail
• Scope management
plan
Scope Definition
• Inputs • Tools and
• Scope statement Techniques
• Constraints • Work breakdown
• Assumptions structure
• Other planning • Decomposition
outputs • Outputs
• Historical • Work breakdown
information structure
• Scope statement
updates
Scope Verification
• Inputs • Tools and
• Work results Techniques
• Product • Inspection
documentation • Outputs
• Work breakdown • Formal
structure acceptance
• Scope statement
• Project plan
Scope Change Control
• Inputs • Tools and
• Work breakdown Techniques
structure • Scope change
• Performance reports control system
• Change requests • Performance
• Scope management measurement
plan • Additional planning
• Outputs
• Scope changes
• Corrective action
• Lessons learned
• Adjusted baseline
Project Time
Management
• Activity Definition
• Activity Sequencing
• Activity Duration Estimating
• Schedule Development
• Schedule Control
Activity Definition
• Inputs • Tools and
• Work breakdown Techniques
structure • Decomposition
• Scope statement • Templates
• Historical • Outputs
information
• Activity list
• Constraints
• Supporting detail
• Assumptions
• Work breakdown
• Expert structure
judgement updates
Activity Sequencing
• Inputs • Tools and Techniques
• Activity list • Precedence
• Product description diagramming methods
• Mandatory (PDM)
dependencies • Arrow diagramming
• Discretionary method (ADM)
dependencies • Conditional
• External dependencies diagramming methods
• Milestones • Network templates
• Outputs
• Project network
diagram
• Activity list updates
Activity Duration
Estimating
• Inputs • Tools and Techniques
• Activity list • Expert judgement
• Constraints • Analogous estimating
• Assumptions • Quantitatively based
• Resource durations
requirements • Reserve time
• Resource capabilities (contingency)
• Historical information • Outputs
• Identified risks • Activity duration
estimates
• Basis of estimates
• Activity list updates
Schedule Development
• Inputs • Tools and Techniques
• Project network diagrams • Mathematical analysis
• Activity duration • Duration compression
estimates • Simulation
• Resource requirements • Resource leveling
• Resource pool heuristics
description • Project management
• Calendars software
• Constraints • Coding structure
• Assumptions • Outputs
• Leads and lags • Project schedule
• Risk management plan • Supporting detail
• Activity attributes • Schedule management
plan
• Resource requirements
updates
Schedule Control
• Inputs • Tools and Techniques
• Project schedule • Schedule change
• Performance reports control system
• Change requests • Performance
• Schedule management measurement
plan • Additional planning
• Project management
software
• Variance Analysis
• Outputs
• Schedule updates
• Corrective action
• Lessons learned
Project Cost
Management
• Resource Planning
• Cost Estimating
• Cost Budgeting
• Cost Control
Resource Planning
• Inputs • Tools and
• Work breakdown Techniques
structure • Expert judgement
• Historical • Alternatives
information identification
• Scope statement • Project
• Resource pool management
description software
• Organization • Outputs
policies • Resource
• Activity duration requirements
estimates
Cost Estimating
• Inputs • Tools and Techniques
• Work breakdown • Analogous estimating
structure • Parametric modeling
• Resource • Bottom-up estimating
requirements • Computerized tools
• Resource rates • Other cost estimating
• Activity duration methods
estimates
• Outputs
• Estimating
publications • Cost estimates
• Historical information • Supporting detail
• Chart of accounts • Cost management plan
• Risks
Cost Budgeting
• Inputs • Tools and
• Cost estimates Techniques
• Work breakdown • Cost budgeting
structure tools and
• Project schedule techniques
• Risk • Outputs
management • Cost baseline
plan
Cost Control
• Inputs • Tools and Techniques
• Cost baseline • Cost change control
• Performance reports system
• Change requests • Performance
• Cost management plan measurement
• Earned value
management (EVM)
• Additional planning
• Computerized tools
• Outputs
• Revised cost estimates
• Budget updates
• Corrective action
• Estimate at completion
• Project closeout
• Lessons learned
Project Quality
Management
• Quality Planning
• Quality Assurance
• Quality Control
Quality Planning
• Inputs • Tools and Techniques
• Quality policy • Benefit/cost analysis
• Scope statement • Benchmarking
• Product description • Flow-charting
• Standards and • Design of experiments
regulations • Cost of quality
• Other process outputs • Outputs
• Quality management
plan
• Operational definitions
• Checklists
• Inputs to other
processes
Quality Assurance
• Inputs • Tools and
• Quality Techniques
management • Quality planning
plan tools and
• Results of techniques
quality control • Quality audits
measurements
• Outputs
• Operations
• Quality
definitions
improvement
Quality Control
• In puts • Tools and Techniques
• Work results • Inspection
• Quality management • Control charts
plan • Pareto Diagrams
• Operational definitions • Statistical sampling
• Checklists • Flow-charting
• Trend analysis
• Outputs
• Quality improvements
• Acceptance decisions
• Rework
• Completed checklists
• Process adjustments
Project Human
Resource Management
• Organizational Planning
• Staff Acquisition
• Team Development
Organizational Planning
• Inputs • Tools and Techniques
• Project interfaces • Templates
• Staffing requirements • Human resource
• Constraints practices
• Organizational theory
• Stakeholder analysis
• Outputs
• Role and
responsibilities
assignments
• Staffing management
plan
• Organization chart
• Supporting detail
Staff Acquisition
• Inputs • Tools and
• Staffing Techniques
management • Negotiations
plan • Pre-assignment
• Staffing pool • Procurement
description
• Recruitment • Outputs
practices • Project staff
assigned
• Project team
directory
Team Development
• Inputs • Tools and Techniques
• Project staff • Team-building
• Project plan activities
• Staffing management • General management
plan skills
• Performance reports • Reward and
• External feedback recognition systems
• Collocation
• Training
• Outputs
• Performance
improvements
• Input to performance
appraisals
Project Communications
Management
• Communications Planning
• Information Distribution
• Performance Reporting
• Administrative Closure
Communications
Planning
• Inputs • Tools and
• Communications Techniques
requirements • Stakeholder
• Communications analysis
technology • Outputs
• Constraints • Communications
• Assumptions management
plan
Information Distribution
• Inputs • Tools and
• Work results Techniques
• Communications • Communications
management plan skills
• Project plan • Information retrieval
systems
• Information
distribution methods
• Outputs
• Project records
• Project reports
• Project
presentations
Performance Reporting
• Inputs • Tools and Techniques
• Project plan • Performance reviews
• Work results • Variance analysis
• Other project records • Trend analysis
• Earned value analysis
• Information
distribution tools and
techniques
• Outputs
• Performance reports
• Change requests
Administrative Closure
• Inputs • Tools and
• Performance Techniques
measurement • Performance
documentation reporting tools and
• Product techniques
documentation • Project reports
• Other project • Project
records presentations
• Outputs
• Project archives
• Project closure
• Lessons learned
Project Risk
Management
• Risk Management Planning
• Risk Identification
• Qualitative Risk Analysis
• Quantitative Risk Analysis
• Risk Response Planning
• Risk Monitoring and Control
Risk Management
Planning
• Inputs • Tools and
• Project charter Techniques
• Organization’s risk • Planning meeting
management • Outputs
policies
• Risk management
• Defined roles and
plan
responsibilities
• Template for the
organization’s risk
management plan
• Work breakdown
structure
Risk Identification
• Tools • Tools and techniques
• Risk management plan • Documentation review
• Project planning • Information-gathering
outputs techniques
• Risk categories • Checklists
• Historical information • Assumptions analysis
• Diagramming
techniques
• Outputs
• Risks
• Triggers
• Inputs to other
processes
Qualitative Risk
Analysis
• Inputs • Tools and Techniques
• Risk management plan • Risk probability and
• Identified risks impact
• Project status • Probability/impact risk
• Project type rating matrix
• Data precision • Project assumptions
testing
• Scales of probability and • Data precision ranking
impact
• Assumptions • Outputs
• Overall risk ranking for
the project
• List of prioritized risks
• List of risk for additional
analysis and
management
• Trends in qualitative risk
analysis results
Quantitative Risk
Analysis
• Inputs • Tools and Techniques
• Risk management plan • Interviewing
• Identified risks • Sensitivity analysis
• List of prioritized risks • Decision tree analysis
• List of risks for • Simulation
additional analysis and • Outputs
management
• Prioritized list of
• Historical information quantified risks
• Expert judgement • Probabilistic analysis
• Other planning outputs of the project
• Probability of
achieving the cost and
time objectives
• Trends in quantitative
risk analysis results
Risk Response Planning
• Inputs • Tools and Techniques
• Risk management plan • Avoidance
• List of prioritized risks • Transference
• Risk ranking of the project
• Mitigation
• Prioritized list of quantified
risks • Acceptance
• Probabilistic analysis of the • Outputs
project • Risk response plan
• Probability of achieving the
cost and time objectives • Residual risks
• List of potential responses • Secondary risks
• Risk thresholds • Contractual agreements
• Risk owners • Contingency reserve
• Common risk causes amounts needed
• Trends in qualitative and • Inputs to other processes
quantitative risk analysis
results • Inputs to a revised
project plan
Risk Monitoring and
Control
• Inputs • Tools and Techniques
• Risk management plan • Project risk response audits
• Periodic project risk reviews
• Risk response plan • Earned value analysis
• Project • Technical performance
communication measurement
• Additional risk response
• Additional risk planning
identification and • Outputs
analysis • Workaround plans
• Scope changes • Corrective action
• Project change requests
• Updates to the risk response
plan
• Risk Database
• Updates to risk identification
checklists
Project Procurement
Management
• Procurement Planning
• Solicitation Planning
• Solicitation
• Source Selection
• Contract Administration
• Contract Closeout
Procurement Planning
• Inputs • Tools and
• Scope statement Techniques
• Product description • Make-or-buy
• Procurement analysis Expert
resources judgement
• Market conditions • Contract type
selection
• Other planning
outputs • Outputs
• Constraints • Procurement
• Assumptions management plan
• Statement(s) of
work
Solicitation Planning
• Inputs • Tools and
• Procurement Techniques
management plan • Standard forms
• Statement(s) of • Expert judgement
work
• Outputs
• Other planning
outputs • Procurement
documents
• Evaluation criteria
• Statement of work
updates
Solicitation
• Inputs • Tools and
• Procurement Techniques
documents • Bidder
• Qualified seller conferences
lists • Advertising
• Outputs
• Proposals
Source Selection
• Inputs • Tools and
• Proposals Techniques
• Evaluation criteria • Contract negotiation
• Organizational • Weighting system
policies • Screening system
• Independent
estimates
• Outputs
• Contract
Contract Administration
• Inputs • Tools and
• Contract Techniques
• Work results • Contract change
• Change requests control system
• Seller invoices • Performance
reporting
• Payment system
• Outputs
• Correspondence
• Contract changes
• Payment requests
Contract Closeout
• Inputs • Tools and
• Contract Techniques
documentation • Procurement
audits
• Outputs
• Contract file
• Formal
acceptance and
closure
