Beginner’s Guide to Connecting to the MBONE
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Beau Williamson
beau@cisco.com
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Agenda
• MBONE Multicast Applications • DVMRP Operation • PIM-DVMRP Interoperability • MBONE Connection Examples • Debugging Tips • Documentation References
Geekometer
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MBONE Multicast Applications
• sdr—session directory
Lists advertised sessions Launches multicast application(s)
• vic—video conferencing
H.261 video compression
• vat—audio conferencing
PCM, DVI, GSM, and LPC4 compression
• wb—white board
Shared drawing tool Can import PostScript images
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sdr—Session Directory
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vic—Video Conferencing
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vat—Audio Conferencing
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wb—White Board
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Downloading MBONE Applications
• Multimedia conferencing application archive
Contains sdr, vic, vat, wb, and other applications URL: http://ugwww.ucs.ed.ac.uk/mice/archive/ Multiple platform support SunOS, Solaris, HP, Linux, Windows95, Windows NT, etc. Source code
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DVMRP
• Distance vector-based
Similar to RIP Infinity = 32 hops
Geekometer
Subnet masks in route advertisements
• Routing information carried in IGMP packets
IP Protocol 2 (IGMP) IGMP type 0x13 (DVMRP)
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DVMRP (Cont.)
• Similar to PIM DM
Broadcast and prune operation Uses DVMRP route table for RPF check
• Virtual interfaces
Physical: Ethernet, FDDI, Token Ring, etc. Tunnels: IP-in-IP tunnels (IP Protocol 4)
• Current version
mrouted 3.8 (version 3.9 due out soon) Available for most UNIX environments
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DVMRP—Basic Concepts
• Neighbor discovery • Route exchange • Source trees • Pruning and grafting • Multicast forwarding • Tunnels
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DVMRP—Neighbor Discovery
171.68.37.2 DVMRP Router 2
Geekometer
2 Receives Probe from DVMRP Router 1
mrouted
3 Sends Probe Neighbor List = 171.68.37.1
1 Sends Probe Neighbor List = NULL
mrouted
DVMRP Router 1 171.68.37.1
4 Sends Probe Neighbor List = 171.68.37.2
Probes Are Multicast to the “All-DVMRP-Routers” (224.0.0.4) Group Address
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DVMRP—Basic Concepts
• Neighbor discovery • Route exchange • Source trees • Pruning and grafting • Multicast forwarding • Tunnels
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DVMRP—Route Exchange
Initial State Route Table
Network Intf Metric 3 10 171.68.37.2 DVMRP Router 2
mrouted
S0
151.10.0.0/16 S0 204.1.16.0/24 S0
Initial State Route Table
S0
mrouted
Network 151.10.0.0/16
Intf Metric S0 6 3
DVMRP Router 1 171.68.37.1
198.14.32.0/24 S0
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DVMRP—Route Exchange (Cont.)
171.68.37.2 DVMRP Router 2
Route Table
Network Intf Metric 3 10
mrouted
E0
S0 1 Sends Route Report 151.10.0.0/16, M=3 204.1.16.0/24, M=10
151.10.0.0/16 S0 204.1.16.0/24 S0
2 E0
Receives Route Report and updates entry
Route Table
Network 151.10.0.0/16 204.1.16.0/24 Intf Metric E0 E0 4 3 11 Updated Added
S0
mrouted
DVMRP Router 1 171.68.37.1
198.14.32.0/24 S0
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DVMRP—Route Exchange (Cont.)
Route Table
Network 151.10.0.0/16 Added 204.1.16.0/24 3
Poison Reverse
171.68.37.2 DVMRP Router 2 3 4 10
Intf Metric S0 S0
mrouted
E0 4
S0
198.14.32.0/24 E0
Receives Route Report and adds entry
Sends Route Report 151.10.0.0/16, M=36 198.14.32.0/24, M=3 204.1.16.0/24, M=43 E0
Route Table
Network 151.10.0.0/16 Intf Metric E0 4 3
S0
mrouted
198.14.32.0/24 S0
204.1.16.0/24 E0 11 DVMRP Router 1 171.68.37.1 Poison Reverse indicates Router 1 is a Child (Down-Tree) of Router 2 for these Sources
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DVMRP—Route Exchange (Cont.)
Route Table
Network 151.10.0.0/16 204.1.16.0/24 Intf Metric S0 S0 3 4 10 171.68.37.2 DVMRP Router 2
mrouted
E0
S0
198.14.32.0/24 E0
5 Sends Route Report 151.10.0.0/16, M=3 198.14.32.0/24, M=36 204.1.16.0/24, M=10
Poison Reverse
Route Table
E0 Network 151.10.0.0/16 Intf Metric E0 4 3
S0
mrouted
198.14.32.0/24 S0
204.1.16.0/24 E0 11 DVMRP Router 1 171.68.37.1 Poison Reverse indicates Router 2 is a Child (Down-Tree) of Router 1 for this Source
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DVMRP—Basic Concepts
• Neighbor discovery • Route exchange • Source trees • Pruning and grafting • Multicast forwarding • Tunnels
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Caution!
DVMRP—Source Trees
Source Network A
mrouted 1 1 33 1 mrouted 33 2 mrouted 2 2 mrouted 34
Geekometer
B
mrouted 1
Trees Are Built Using Best DVMRP Metrics Back to Source. Lowest IP Address Used in Case of a Tie. (Note: IP Address of D < C < B < A)
X
mrouted 3 35
C
D
E
3
35
Y
mrouted
n m
Route for source network of metric “m” Poison reverse (metric + infinity) sent to upstream “parent” router. Router depends on “parent” to receive traffic for this source.
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DVMRP—Source Trees (Cont.)
Source “S1” Resulting Tree for Source “S1” 1
A
B
1
mrouted 1 1 mrouted 1
mrouted 1 1
X
mrouted
mrouted
mrouted 1
C
D
1
E
1
Y
mrouted
S1 Source Tree
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DVMRP—Source Trees (Cont.)
1
A
B
1
Each Source Network has it’s Own Tree
mrouted 1 1 mrouted 1
mrouted 1 1
X
mrouted
mrouted
mrouted 1
C
D
1
E
1
Y
mrouted
Note: IP Address of D < C < B < A
S2 Source Tree
Source “S2”
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DVMRP—Basic Concepts
• Neighbor discovery • Route exchange • Source trees • Pruning and grafting • Multicast forwarding • Tunnels
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DVMRP—Pruning
Source “S” 1 1 Initial Flooding of (S, G) Multicast Packets Down Source Tree
A
B
mrouted 3
mrouted 1 1 mrouted mrouted 1 1
X
mrouted
1
mrouted 1
C
D
E
1
Y
mrouted
Receiver 1 (Group “G”)
D has Lower IP Address
DVMRP Source Tree Based on Route Tables (S, G) Multicast Packet Flow
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DVMRP—Pruning (Cont.)
Source “S” 1 1 Routers C, X, and Y Are Leaf Nodes so They Send “Prune (S, G)” Messages Prune 1 3 Prune 1 mrouted mrouted 1 1
A
B
mrouted
mrouted
X
mrouted
1
mrouted 1
Prune
C
D
E
1
Y
mrouted
Receiver 1 (Group “G”)
D has Lower IP Address
Source Tree “S” Based on DVMRP Route Tables (S, G) Multicast Packet Flow
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DVMRP—Pruning (Cont.)
Source “S” 1 1 Router E is now a Leaf Node so it Sends a “Prune (S, G)” Message
A
B
mrouted 3
mrouted 1 1 mrouted Prune mrouted 1 1
X
mrouted
1
mrouted 1
C
D
E
1
Y
mrouted
Receiver 1 (Group “G”)
Source Tree “S” Based on DVMRP Route Tables (S, G) Multicast Packet Flow
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DVMRP—Pruning (Cont.)
Source “S” 1 1
A
B
Final Pruned State
mrouted 3
mrouted 1 1 mrouted mrouted 1 1
X
mrouted
1
mrouted 1
C
D
E
1
Y
mrouted
Receiver 1 (Group “G”)
Source Tree “S” Based on DVMRP Route Tables (S, G) Multicast Packet Flow
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DVMRP—Grafting
Source “S” 1 1 Router G Now has a Group Member so it Sends a “Graft (S, G)” Message 1 3 1 mrouted mrouted 1 1 Graft
A
B
mrouted
mrouted
X
mrouted
1
mrouted 1
C
D
E
1
Y
mrouted
Receiver 1 (Group “G”)
Source Tree “S” Based on DVMRP Route Tables (S, G) Multicast Packet Flow
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DVMRP—Grafting (Cont.)
Source “S” 1 1 Router E Responds with a “Graft-Ack” and Send its Own “Graft (S, G) Message 1 3 1 mrouted Graft mrouted 1 1
A
B
mrouted
mrouted
X
mrouted
1
mrouted 1
C
D
E
1 Graft-Ack
Y
mrouted
Receiver 1 (Group “G”)
Source Tree “S” Based on DVMRP Route Tables (S, G) Multicast Packet Flow
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DVMRP—Grafting (Cont.)
Source “S” 1
A
B
1
Router D Responds with a “Graft-Ack” and Begins Forwarding (S, G) Packets 1
mrouted 3
mrouted
X
mrouted
1
1 mrouted
Graft-Ack mrouted 1
mrouted 1
C
D
1
E
1
Y
mrouted
Receiver 1 (Group “G”)
Source Tree “S” Based on DVMRP Route Tables (S, G) Multicast Packet Flow
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DVMRP—Basic Concepts
• Neighbor discovery • Route exchange • Source trees • Pruning and grafting • Multicast forwarding • Tunnels
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DVMRP—Multicast Forwarding
Incoming Packets Must Pass RPF Check
Multicast Packet from Source 151.10.3.21
X
mrouted
S1 S0
RPF Check Fails!
DVMRP Route Table Network Intf Metric 151.10.0.0/16 E1 4 198.14.32.0/24 S0 3 204.1.16.0/24 E0 11
mrouted
E0 E1
Packet Arrived on Wrong Interface!
mrouted
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DVMRP—Multicast Forwarding
Forward Packets Out All Non-Pruned, Downstream Interfaces
Multicast Packet from Source 198.14.32.10 RPF Check Succeeds!
mrouted
S1 S0 DVMRP Route Table Network Intf Metric 151.10.0.0/16 E1 4 198.14.32.0/24 S0 3 204.1.16.0/24 E0 11
mrouted
E0 E1
Packet Arrived on Correct Interface!
mrouted
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DVMRP—Basic Concepts
• Neighbor discovery • Route exchange • Source trees • Pruning and grafting • Multicast forwarding • Tunnels
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DVMRP—Tunnels
mrouted mrouted
Geekometer
MBONE
mrouted
mrouted
Non-Multicast Network
Tunnel Direct Connection
mrouted
Local Network
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DVMRP—Tunnels (Cont.)
IP in IP Encapsulation
156.23.10.2
mrouted
Dst: 156.23.10.2 Src: 192.1.1.1 Protocol: 4 Dst: 224.0.1.254 Src: 196.14.23.101 Protocol: xx
New IP Header Original IP Header
Multicast Data
Original Data
mrouted
192.1.1.1
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PIM-DVMRP Interoperability
• DVMRP router discovery • Basic PIM-DVMRP interaction • PIM-DVMRP route exchange • PIM-DVMRP RPF checking • PIM-DVMRP congruency
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Caution!
DVMRP Router Discovery
Automatic Detection of DVMRP Routers on PIM Enabled Interfaces
Router A ip multicasting interface E0 ip addr 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip pim dense-mode interface E1 ip addr 176.32.10.0 255.255.255.0 ip pim dense-mode
Geekometer
mrouted
DVMRP Probe
10.1.1.0/24
E0
“There’s a DVMRP router on this PIM interface! I’ll turn on DVMRP interoperation.”
Router A E1 176.32.10.0/24
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PIM-DVMRP Interoperability
• DVMRP router discovery • Basic PIM-DVMRP interaction • PIM-DVMRP route exchange • PIM-DVMRP RPF checking • PIM-DVMRP congruency
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Basic PIM-DVMRP Interaction
PIM-DVMRP Interaction over a Tunnel
DVMRP Probes DVMRP Reports
mrouted
DVMRP Prunes and Grafts
DVMRP Tunnel w/Poison Reverse DVMRP Reports* DVMRP Prunes and Grafts
DVMRP Route Table
E0
Unicast Route Table
* Unicast routes advertised depends on several factors
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PIM-DVMRP Interaction
Default PIM-DVMRP Interaction over Ethernets, Etc. (Non-Tunnels)
DVMRP Probes and Grafts DVMRP Prunes DVMRP Reports
mrouted
DVMRP Prunes and Grafts
DVMRP Reports* Unicast Route Table IGMP Group Joins**
Ignored
Ignored E0
* Unicast routes advertised depends on several factors ** IGMP group joins sent for all known groups in PIM cloud
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PIM-DVMRP Interaction
Use “ip dvmrp unicast-routing” over Non-Tunnels
mrouted
Source “S”, Group “G”
ip dvmrp unicast-routing RP Border Router Router A Mcst Table (S,G) Router B Mcst Table (S,G) Router C Mcst Table (S,G) Receiver, Group “G”
PIM-Sparse Mode
• Border router now sends poison reverse routes so DVMRP router knows to forward packets from “S”
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PIM-DVMRP Interaction
Using “ip dvmrp unicast-routing” to Modify Default PIM-DVMRP Interaction over Ethernets, Etc.
DVMRP Probes DVMRP Reports
mrouted
DVMRP Prunes and Grafts
w/Poison Reverse
DVMRP Reports* DVMRP Prunes and Grafts IGMP Group Joins**
DVMRP Route Table *Unicast routes advertised depends on several factors. **IGMP Group Joins discontinued.
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E0
Unicast Route Table
PIM Network
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PIM-DVMRP Interaction
Problem with Default PM-DVMRP Interaction over Ethernets, Etc. (Non-Tunnels)
mrouted
Source “S”, Group “G”
RP Border Router Router A Mcst Cache Empty Router B Mcst Cache (*,G) Router C Mcst Cache (*,G) Receiver, Group “G”
PIM-Sparse Mode
• Border router doesn’t know about group “G” and doesn’t send an IGMP group join for “G” • Therefore, DVMRP router will not forward packets from source “S”
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PIM-DVMRP Interoperability
• DVMRP router discovery • Basic PIM-DVMRP interaction • PIM-DVMRP route exchange • PIM-DVMRP RPF checking • PIM-DVMRP congruency
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PIM-DVMRP Route Exchange
Received DVMRP Routes Are Installed in a Separate DVMRP Route Table
DVMRP Report 151.16.0.0/16, M=7 172.34.15.0/24, M=10 202.13.3.0/24, M=8
mrouted
Tunnel
Unicast Route Table (10,000 Routes) Network Intf Metric Dist 176.32.10.0/24 E0 10514432 90 176.32.15.0/24 E1 10512012 90 176.32.20.0/24 E1 45106272 90 … (Includes 200-176.32 Routes)
DVMRP Route Table Src Network Intf Metric Dist 151.16.0.0/16 E0 7 0 172.34.15.0/24 E0 10 0 202.13.3.0/24 E0 8 0
E0
E1
176.32.10.0/24 176.32.15.0/24
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PIM-DVMRP Route Exchange
Only “Connected” Unicast Routes Are Advertised by Default
interface Tunnel 0 ip unnumbered Ethernet 0 ... interface E0 ip addr 176.32.10.1 255.255.255.0 ip pim dense-mode interface E1 ip addr 176.32.15.1 255.255.255.0 ip pim dense-mode
DVMRP Report 151.16.0.0/16, M=39 172.34.15.0/24, M=42 202.13.3.0/24, M=40 176.32.10.0/24, M=1 176.32.15.0/24, M=1
mrouted
Tunnel
DVMRP Route Table Src Network Intf Metric Dist 151.16.0.0/16 E0 7 0 172.34.15.0/24 E0 10 0 202.13.3.0/24 E0 8 0
E0
E1
Unicast Route Table (10,000 Routes) Network Intf Metric Dist 176.32.10.0/24 E0 10514432 90 176.32.15.0/24 E1 10512012 90 176.32.20.0/24 E1 45106272 90 … (Includes 200-176.32 Routes)
176.32.10.0/24 176.32.15.0/24
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PIM-DVMRP Route Exchange
Classful Summarization of Unicast Routes
DVMRP Report 151.16.0.0/16, M=39 172.34.15.0/24, M=42 202.13.3.0/24, M=40 176.32.0.0/16, M=1
mrouted
Tunnel 204.10.10.0/24
interface Tunnel 0 ip addr 204.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 ... interface E0 ip addr 176.32.10.1 255.255.255.0 ip pim dense-mode interface E1 ip addr 176.32.15.1 255.255.255.0 ip pim dense-mode
DVMRP Route Table Src Network Intf Metric Dist 151.16.0.0/16 E0 7 0 172.34.15.0/24 E0 10 0 202.13.3.0/24 E0 8 0
E0
E1
Unicast Route Table (10,000 Routes) Network Intf Metric Dist 176.32.10.0/24 E0 10514432 90 176.32.15.0/24 E1 10512012 90 176.32.20.0/24 E1 45106272 90 … (Includes 200-176.32 Routes)
176.32.10.0/24 176.32.15.0/24
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PIM-DVMRP Route Exchange
Forcing DVMRP Route Summarization ( 11.2(5) )
interface Tunnel 0 ip unnumbered Ethernet 0 ip dvmrp summary-addr 176.32.0.0 255.255.0.0 ...
DVMRP Report 151.16.0.0/16, M=39 172.34.15.0/24, M=42 202.13.3.0/24, M=40 176.32.0.0/16, M=1
mrouted
Tunnel
DVMRP Route Table Src Network Intf Metric Dist 151.16.0.0/16 E0 7 0 172.34.15.0/24 E0 10 0 202.13.3.0/24 E0 8 0
E0
E1
Unicast Route Table (10,000 Routes) Network Intf Metric Dist 176.32.10.0/24 E0 10514432 90 176.32.15.0/24 E1 10512012 90 176.32.20.0/24 E1 45106272 90 … (Includes 200-176.32 Routes)
176.32.10.0/24 176.32.15.0/24
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PIM-DVMRP Route Exchange
The Deadly “ip dvmrp metric n” Command n
DVMRP Report 151.16.0.0/16, M=39 172.34.15.0/24, M=42 202.13.3.0/24, M=40 176.32.10.0/24, M=1 176.32.15.0/24, M=1 176.32.20.0/24, M=1 . . . (10,000 Routes!)
10,000 routes!!! Choke, gasp, wheeze!
mrouted
Tunnel
interface Tunnel 0 ip unnumbered Ethernet 0 ip dvmrp metric 1 ... interface E0 ip addr 176.32.10.1 255.255.255.0 ip pim dense-mode interface E1 ip addr 176.32.15.1 255.255.255.0 ip pim dense-mode
DVMRP Route Table Src Network Intf Metric Dist 151.16.0.0/16 E0 7 0 172.34.15.0/24 E0 10 0 202.13.3.0/24 E0 8 0
E0
E1
Unicast Route Table (10,000 Routes) Network Intf Metric Dist 176.32.10.0/24 E0 10514432 90 176.32.15.0/24 E1 10512012 90 176.32.20.0/24 E1 45106272 90 … (Includes 200-176.32 Routes)
176.32.10.0/24 176.32.15.0/24 Always Use an Access-List with the “ip dvmrp metric” Command
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PIM-DVMRP Interoperability
• DVMRP router discovery • Basic PIM-DVMRP interaction • PIM-DVMRP route exchange • PIM-DVMRP RPF checking • PIM-DVMRP congruency
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PIM-DVMRP RPF Checking
Rules for Non-Connected Networks
1) IF
then Use route with smallest administrative distance (DVMRP default = 0) 2) IF then Use DVMRP route 3) IF and then Use static mroute 4) IF then Use longest match (Only within same table)
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PIM-DVMRP Interoperability
• DVMRP router discovery • Basic PIM-DVMRP interaction • PIM-DVMRP route exchange • PIM-DVMRP RPF checking • PIM-DVMRP congruency
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PIM/DVMRP Congruency
• RPF checking
Only forward a multicast packet if it is received on a interface that is used to reach the source
• Finding how to reach the source can come from different tables
PIM—from the unicast routing table DVMRP—from the DVMRP routing table Static “mroute” entries
• If both tables have conflicts where the source is located, there may be multicast forwarding loops • The MBONE topology and the Internet unicast topology are not always congruent
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PIM/DVMRP Congruency (Cont.)
ISP
POP
Physical Path Tunnel Path Data Flow RPF Path
CPE
MR1
S0 S0
MR2
Receiver
Receiver
Site
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PIM/DVMRP Congruency (Cont.)
• Make the topologies congruent
Takes time
• Run one multicast routing protocol everywhere
Takes more time
• Do RPF checks from the DVMRP table as well as the unicast routing table
Transition method
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Making Topologies Congruent—Integrated Routers
ISP
POP
Physical Path Data Flow RPF Path
CPE and MR3
MR1
MR2
Receiver
Receiver
Site
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Making Topologies Congruent—Additional Routers
ISP
POP
Physical Path Tunnel Path Data Flow RPF Path
CPE
MR1
S0 S0
MR2
Receiver
Receiver
Site
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RPF Using DVMRP and Unicast Tables
ISP
POP
Physical Path Tunnel Path Data Flow RPF Path
MR2: interface tunnel0 ip unnumbered ethernet0 ip pim dense-mode tunnel mode dvmrp tunnel source ethernet0 tunnel destination interface Serial0 ip pim dense-mode ip dvmrp unicast-routing
CPE
MR1
S0 S0
MR2
MR1: interface Serial0 ip pim dense-mode ip dvmrp unicast-routing
Receiver
Receiver
Site
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RPF Using DVMRP and Unicast Tables
Using “ip dvmrp unicast-routing” between two PIM neighbors causes DVMRP routes to be exchanged.
PIM Router DVMRP Route Table Unicast Route Table
ip dvmrp unicast-routing
DVMRP Reports*
PIM Router *Split-Horizon is used between two PIM neighbors instead of Poison Reverse.
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DVMRP Route Table
Unicast Route Table
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MBONE Connection Examples
• Single-Homed Stub Sites • Multi-Homed Stub Sites • Separate MBONE Router
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Single-Homed Stub Site
• Using dense-mode PIM
Exit Router:
Geekometer
ISP
Entry Router
mrouted
ip multicast-routing interface tunnel0 ip unnumbered ethernet0 ip pim dense-mode tunnel mode dvmrp tunnel source ethernet0 tunnel destination interface ethernet0 ip addr x.x.x.x 255.255.0.0 ip pim dense-mode
Exit Router
Tunnel0
Site
Ethernet0
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Single-Homed Stub Site
• Using sparse-mode PIM
ISP
Entry Router Exit Router:
mrouted
ip multicast-routing interface tunnel0 ip unnumbered ethernet0 ip pim sparse-mode tunnel mode dvmrp tunnel source ethernet0 tunnel destination interface ethernet0 ip addr x.x.x.x 255.255.0.0 ip pim sparse-mode SR2: ip pim rp-address
Exit Router SR1
Tunnel0 RP Ethernet0 SR2
Site
Source
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Multihomed Stub Site
• Using dense-mode PIM
Primary/secondary: ISP
mrouted
ISP
mrouted
x.0.0.0 cisco1 cisco2
cisco1: access-list 1 permit x.0.0.0 interface tunnel0 ip dvmrp metric 1 list 1 cisco2: access-list 1 permit x.0.0.0 interface tunnel0 ip dvmrp metric 4 list 1
Both paths:
S1 A D R1 B C S2 R2 cisco1: access-list 1 permit x.0.0.0 interface tunnel0 ip dvmrp metric 1 list 1 cisco2: access-list 1 permit x.0.0.0 interface tunnel0 ip dvmrp metric 1 list 1
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Multihomed Stub Site
• Using sparse-mode PIM
ISP
mrouted
ISP
mrouted
BR and leaf routers:
ip pim rp-address
Must use both paths:
x.0.0.0 RP S1 cisco1 cisco2 cisco1: access-list 1 permit x.0.0.0 interface tunnel0 ip dvmrp metric 1 list 1 cisco2: access-list 1 permit x.0.0.0 interface tunnel0 ip dvmrp metric 1 list 1
A D
B C
R2
R1
S2
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Separate MBONE Routers
Single MBONE Router
ISP
mrouted mrouted
Optional ISP
Tunnel0
Tunnel1
Site
ip dvmrp unicast-routing
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Separate MBONE Routers
Fully Redundant MBONE Routers
ISP
mrouted mrouted
ISP
Tunnel0
Tunnel0
Site
ip dvmrp unicast-routing
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Debugging Tips
• Verifying the DVMRP tunnel • Verifying DVMRP route exchange • Verifying MBONE reception • Verifying MBONE transmission • Tracing multicast routes
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Caution!
Debugging Tips
Example Network
ISP
mrouted
Geekometer
pim-dvmrp-gw: interface tunnel0 ip unnumbered ethernet0 ip pim dense-mode tunnel mode dvmrp tunnel source ethernet0 tunnel destination 135.1.22.98 interface ethernet0 ip addr 135.1.3.102 255.255.255.0 ip pim dense-mode interface ethernet1 ip addr 135.1.2.102 255.255.255.0 ip pim dense-mode
Tunnel0 pim-dvmrp-gw Ethernet0 Ethernet1
Site
135.1.2.100
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Debugging Tips
• Verifying the DVMRP tunnel • Verifying DVMRP route exchange • Verifying MBONE reception • Verifying MBONE transmission • Tracing multicast routes
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Verifying the DVMRP Tunnel
Using the “show interface” Command
pim-dvmrp-gw> show int tunnel 0 Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is Tunnel Interface is unnumbered. Using address of Ethernet0 (135.1.3.102) MTU 1500 bytes, BW 9 Kbit, DLY 500000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation TUNNEL, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Tunnel source 135.1.3.102 (Ethernet0), destination 135.1.22.98 Tunnel protocol/transport IP/IP (DVMRP), key disabled, sequencing disabled Checksumming of packets disabled, fast tunneling enabled Last input 00:00:05, output 00:00:08, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 . . .
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Verifying the DVMRP Tunnel (Cont.)
Using the “mrinfo” Command
pim-dvmrp-gw>mrinfo 135.1.3.102 [version cisco 11.2] [flags: PMA]: 135.1.3.102 -> 0.0.0.0 [1/0/pim/querier/leaf] 135.1.2.102 -> 135.1.2.2 [1/0/pim/querier] 135.1.2.102 -> 135.1.2.3 [1/0/pim/querier] 135.1.3.102 -> 135.1.22.98 [1/0/tunnel/querier] pim-dvmrp-gw>mrinfo 135.1.22.98 135.1.22.98 [version mrouted 3.8] [flags: GPM]: 172.21.32.98 -> 172.21.32.191 [1/1] 172.21.32.98 -> 172.21.32.1 [1/1] 135.1.22.98 -> 135.1.22.102 [1/1/querier] 135.1.22.98 -> 135.1.3.102 [1/1/tunnel]
Both Ends See Each Other
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Debugging Tips
• Verifying the DVMRP tunnel • Verifying DVMRP route exchange • Verifying MBONE reception • Verifying MBONE transmission • Tracing multicast routes
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Verifying DVMRP Route Exchange
Using the “sh ip dvmrp route” Command
pim-dvmrp-gw# show ip dvmrp route DVMRP Routing Table - 8 entries 130.1.0.0/16 [0/3] uptime 00:19:03, expires 00:02:13 via 135.1.22.98, Tunnel0, [version mrouted 3.8] [flags: GPM] 135.1.0.0/16 [0/3] uptime 00:19:03, expires 00:02:13 via 135.1.22.98, Tunnel0, [version mrouted 3.8] [flags: GPM] 135.1.22.0/24 [0/2] uptime 00:19:03, expires 00:02:13 via 135.1.22.98, Tunnel0, [version mrouted 3.8] [flags: GPM] 171.69.0.0/16 [0/3] uptime 00:19:03, expires 00:02:13 via 135.1.22.98, Tunnel0, [version mrouted 3.8] [flags: GPM] 172.21.27.0/24 [0/3] uptime 00:19:04, expires 00:02:12 via 135.1.22.98, Tunnel0, [version mrouted 3.8] [flags: GPM] 172.21.32.0/24 [0/2] uptime 00:19:04, expires 00:02:12 via 135.1.22.98, Tunnel0, [version mrouted 3.8] [flags: GPM] 172.21.33.0/24 [0/3] uptime 00:19:04, expires 00:02:12 via 135.1.22.98, Tunnel0, [version mrouted 3.8] [flags: GPM] 172.21.120.0/24 [0/3] uptime 00:19:04, expires 00:02:12 via 135.1.22.98, Tunnel0, [version mrouted 3.8] [flags: GPM]
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Verifying DVMRP Route Exchange
Using “debug ip dvmrp” Command
pim-dvmrp-gw# debug ip dvmrp DVMRP debugging is on pim-dvmrp-gw# Mar 20 11:39:36.335: DVMRP: Aging routes, 0 entries expired Mar 20 11:39:41.271: DVMRP: Received Probe on Tunnel0 from 135.1.22.98 Mar 20 11:39:45.335: DVMRP: Building Report for Tunnel0 224.0.0.4 Mar 20 11:39:45.335: DVMRP: Send Report on Tunnel0 to 135.1.22.98 Mar 20 11:39:45.335: DVMRP: 2 unicast, 8 DVMRP routes advertised Mar 20 11:39:47.335: DVMRP: Aging routes, 0 entries expired Mar 20 11:39:51.371: DVMRP: Received Probe on Tunnel0 from 135.1.22.98 Mar 20 11:39:52.379: DVMRP: Received Report on Tunnel0 from 135.1.22.98
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Verifying DVMRP Route Exchange
Checking DVMRP Routes being Advertised
pim-dvmrp-gw# debug ip dvmrp detail DVMRP debugging is on Mar 20 11:42:45.337: DVMRP: Building Report for Tunnel0 224.0.0.4 Mar 20 11:42:45.337: DVMRP: Report 130.1.0.0/16, metric 35, from DVMRP table Mar 20 11:42:45.337: DVMRP: Report 135.1.0.0/16, metric 35, from DVMRP table Mar 20 11:42:45.337: DVMRP: Report 135.1.22.0/24, metric 34, from DVMRP table Mar 20 11:42:45.337: DVMRP: Report 171.69.0.0/16, metric 35, from DVMRP table Mar 20 11:42:45.337: DVMRP: Report 172.21.27.0/24, metric 35, from DVMRP table Mar 20 11:42:45.337: DVMRP: Report 172.21.32.0/24, metric 34, from DVMRP table Mar 20 11:42:45.337: DVMRP: Report 172.21.33.0/24, metric 35, from DVMRP table Mar 20 11:42:45.337: DVMRP: Report 172.21.120.0/24, metric 35, from DVMRP table Mar 20 11:42:45.337: DVMRP: Report 135.1.2.0/24, metric 1 Mar 20 11:42:45.337: DVMRP: Report 135.1.3.0/24, metric 1 Mar 20 11:42:45.337: DVMRP: Send Report on Tunnel0 to 135.1.22.98 Mar 20 11:42:45.337: DVMRP: 2 unicast, 8 DVMRP routes advertised
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Verifying DVMRP Route Exchange
Checking DVMRP Routes being Received
pim-dvmrp-gw# debug ip dvmrp detail DVMRP debugging is on ... : DVMRP: Received Report on Tunnel0 from 135.1.22.98 ... : DVMRP: Origin 130.1.0.0/16, metric 2, metric-offset 1, distance 0 ... : DVMRP: Origin 135.1.0.0/16, metric 2, metric-offset 1, distance 0 ... : DVMRP: Origin 171.69.0.0/16, metric 2, metric-offset 1, distance 0 ... : DVMRP: Origin 135.1.2.0/24, metric 34, metric-offset 1, infinity ... : DVMRP: Origin 135.1.3.0/24, metric 34, metric-offset 1, infinity ... : DVMRP: Origin 135.1.22.0/24, metric 1, metric-offset 1, distance 0 ... : DVMRP: Origin 172.21.27.0/24, metric 2, metric-offset 1, distance 0 ... : DVMRP: Origin 172.21.32.0/24, metric 1, metric-offset 1, distance 0 ... : DVMRP: Origin 172.21.33.0/24, metric 2, metric-offset 1, distance 0 ... : DVMRP: Origin 172.21.120.0/24, metric 2, metric-offset 1, distance 0
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Debugging Tips
• Verifying the DVMRP tunnel • Verifying DVMRP route exchange • Verifying MBONE reception • Verifying MBONE transmission • Tracing multicast routes
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Verifying MBONE Reception
• Use SDR multicasts (224.2.127.254) as MBONE test signal
Enable “ip sdr listen” on an interface Should begin seeing entries in mroute table Use “show ip mroute summary” to list Should begin seeing SDR cache entries Use “show ip sdr” to list Use “debug ip sd” to observe SDR packets
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Verifying MBONE Reception
Should Begin Seeing Entries in mroute Table
pim-dvmrp-gw# show ip mroute summary IP Multicast Routing Table Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, C - Connected, L - Local, P - Pruned R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag, T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT Timers: Uptime/Expires Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop, State/Mode (*, 224.2.127.254), 00:08:07/00:02:56, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJC (128.32.131.87/32, 224.2.127.254), 00:02:30/00:00:26, flags: PCT (129.89.142.50/32, 224.2.127.254), 00:02:35/00:00:19, flags: PCT (171.69.58.109/32, 224.2.127.254), 00:02:40/00:00:21, flags: PCT . . .
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Verifying MBONE Reception
Should Begin Seeing SDR Cache Entries
pim-dvmrp-gw# show ip sdr SDR Cache - 249 entries Michigan State University Instructional Television !CannesCast '97 - 50th anniversary Aberdeen University, Scotland ACM 97 Alan Kay: Georgia Tech Distinguished Lecture AmiNet Argonne Petroleum Seminar Series as/cd discussions ATM setup Mannheim-Bonn-Berkeley Audio for Sunday Basler Fasnacht 1997 ! . . .
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Debugging Tips
• Verifying the DVMRP tunnel • Verifying DVMRP route exchange • Verifying MBONE reception • Verifying MBONE transmission • Tracing multicast routes
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Verifying MBONE Transmission
• Use “sdr” and “vat” MBONE applications
Run “sdr” on WS or PC Join “MBONE RTP audio” session
• Check mroute table at “pim-dvmrp-gw”
Should have (S, G) entry for WS or PC
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Verifying MBONE Transmission
Should Have (S, G) Entry for WS or PC
pim-dvmrp-gw> show ip mroute summary IP Multicast Routing Table Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, C - Connected, L - Local, P - Pruned R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag, T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT Timers: Uptime/Expires Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop, State/Mode (*, 224.2.0.1), 00:08:07/00:02:56, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJC (13.2.116.11/32, 224.2.0.1), 08:11:47/00:02:55, flags: PCT (128.16.64.19/32, 224.2.0.1), 16:05:41/00:02:52, flags: PCT (129.99.50.40/32, 224.2.0.1), 1d08h/00:02:57, flags: PCT (134.164.1.2/32, 224.2.0.1), 01:42:58/00:02:57, flags: PCT (135.1.2.100/32, 224.2.0.1), 00:05:40/00:00:43, flags: CLT (138.25.8.74/32, 224.2.0.1), 13:16:05/00:02:56, flags: PCT (171.69.58.109/32, 224.2.127.254), 00:02:40/00:00:21, flags: PCT
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Debugging Tips
• Verifying the DVMRP tunnel • Verifying DVMRP route exchange • Verifying MBONE reception • Verifying MBONE transmission • Tracing multicast routes
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Tracing Multicast Routes
• mtrace command
Format mtrace source-address destination-address group Syntax description source-address DNS name or address of the multicast source. This is a unicast address of the beginning of the path to be traced destination-address DNS name or address of the unicast destination group DNS name or multicast address of the group to be traced.
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Tracing Multicast Routes (Cont.)
dallas-gw> mtrace 199.94.220.184 171.68.37.121 224.2.0.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Mtrace from 199.94.220.184 to 171.68.37.121 via group 224.2.0.1 From source (all-purpose-gunk.near.net) to destination (bwilliam-ss5.cisco.com) Querying full reverse path... 0 bwilliam-ss5.cisco.com (171.68.37.121) -1 dallas-gw.cisco.com (171.68.37.1) PIM thresh^ 0 0 ms -2 wan-gw4.cisco.com (171.68.28.169) PIM thresh^ 0 33 ms -3 gaza-gw1.cisco.com (171.68.1.82) PIM thresh^ 0 33 ms -4 sj-wall-2.cisco.com (198.92.1.138) PIM thresh^ 0 49 ms -5 barrnet-gw.cisco.com (192.31.7.37) PIM thresh^ 0 49 ms -6 su-pr2.bbnplanet.net (131.119.26.9) PIM thresh^ 32 461 ms -7 paloalto-mbone1.bbnplanet.net (131.119.0.197) DVMRP thresh^ 0 161 ms -8 collegepk-mbone1.bbnplanet.net (128.167.252.196) DVMRP thresh^ 64 85 ms -9 cambridge1-mbone1.bbnplanet.net (199.94.207.2) DVMRP thresh^ 32 99 ms -10 frobozz-magic-robot-e6-5.bbnplanet.com (192.52.71.34) PIM thresh^ 16 91 ms -11 all-purpose-gunk.near.net (199.94.220.184)
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Documentation/References
Geekometer
• ftp://ftpeng.cisco.com/ipmulticast.html • ftp://ftpeng.cisco.com/ipmulticast
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Other References
• MBONE information page
http://www.mbone.com/
• MICE national support center
http://www-mice-nsc.cs.ucl.ac.uk/mice-nsc/
• WIN32 vic support page
http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/I.Kouvelas/vic/
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