Safety Runway
NTSB Runway Safety Meeting
March 27, 2007
Initiative
Earl Weener, PhD
Foundation Fellow
Flight Safety Foundation
Participants
• EASA
• Airbus
• Embraer
• ACI • IATA • ERA • Eurocontrol • AAPA
• CANSO
• IFALPA • FAA • LVNL
• Boeing • Flight Safety Foundation
What is the Flight Safety Foundation ?
• Independent • Non-Profit • International
Founded in 1947 by Aviation Industry
FSF Goal:
Make Aviation Safer by Reducing the Risk of an Accident
Definition:
A Runway safety issue is any safety issue that deals with the runway environment (or any surface being used as a runway) and the areas immediately adjacent to it (e.g. overruns, high speed taxiways). Runway Safety issues include runway incursions, runway excursions, and inappropriate use of runways.
Runway Safety Issues
•
•
Runway Incursions Runway Excursions Runway Confusion
•
Data Availability
• Runway Incursions - Good • Runway Excursions - Good for Accidents and Incidents
with Damage
• Runway Confusion - Limited (normally no damage, no
injury, no loss of separation)
1977 - KLM / Pan Am
Los Rodeos Airport -Tenerife Canary Islands
US Airways Runway Incursion Accident – Los Angeles: Controller cleared aircraft to land with other aircraft on the runway.
February 1991
SAS October 2001
Milan, Italy
Runway Incursions
• Part of the new breed of safety issues - Not a lot of accidents - Numerous Incidents
• Basic Risk Management: Risk = (Probability) X (Severity)
Causes of Approach and Landing Accidents Corporate Aircraft
1991 - 2002
Othe r Gea r-Up Hard L and in g Lo ss o f Co ntrol Unde rsh oot CFIT Ru nway Excursio n 0 20 40 60 Non-Fat al Fata l
Lion Air, Solo Airport, Indonesia
The Players
•
- Management
• • •
Operators - Aircrews
Airports
ATC Regulators
Operators
• • • •
Stabilized Approach Criteria True No-Fault Go Around Policy Training Decision making
- On the runway
- On approach
Air France 358, Toronto, Canada
Airports
• Airport Design • Lighting • Approach Aids (e.g. VASI, PAPI) • Runway Design (crown, grooved) • Runway markings and signage • Runway clearing/cleaning
• Runway condition measurement • Runway Safety Areas
,
ATC
• Stabilized Approach Assistance • Pertinent and timely Information
- Weather - Runway Condition
Regulator
• Provide appropriate and
professional oversight
• Approaches with vertical guidance
Purpose of Initiative:
To identify issues, gaps, and opportunities that lead to solutions in addressing runway safety challenges.
Runway Incursion:
Runway Safety Products Catalog
Originator ICAO FAA Type Product CD and web CD and web Audience Aircrew, Airports, ATM, Management Flight Instructors Pilot Examiners Maintenance personnel Aircrew, Airports, ATM Aircrews, Airports, ATM Vehicle drivers Aircrews, Airports, ATM Aircrews, ATM, Vehicle Drivers Aircrews, ATM, Airports General Aviation Pilots Aircrews General Aviation Pilots Aircrews, ATM, Airports Aircrews Aircrews
Product Title ICAO Runway Safety Toolkit Runway and Surface Safety Taxi 101 Runway Incursion Prevention Program European Action Plan for the Prevention of Runway Incursions Runway Incursion Joint Safety Analysis and Implementation Team Reports FAA Runway Safety Website
FAA CD and web FAA, ACI, CD and web IATA, PAAST Eurocontrol et al CD and web FAA (CAST) FAA CD Web site CD and web Web site Web site CD CD Web CD and web
Enhanced Taxiway Centerline FAA AOPA Runway Safety Course FAA, AOPA ALPA Runway Safety Course FAA, ALPA Sporty’s Pilot Guide to Runway Safety Sporty’s
Runway Excursion:
ALAR Tool Kit Flight Safety Foundation Managing Threats and Errors Flight Safety Foundation During Approach and Landing: How to avoid a Runway Overrun Takeoff Safety Training Aid FAA
Runway Confusion:
???????????
Runway Safety Data Availability
• Runway Incursions: - Runway incursions are required to be documented • Runway Excursions: - Many are documented if damage or injury result • Runway Confusion: - Documented only if damage or injury occur. Incidents not required to be documented.
Preliminary Data
1995 – 2006
1,237 Total Accidents Number Incursions: Excursions: Confusion: 10 363 4 Percent of Total .8% 29.4% .3%
Preliminary Data
2002 – 2006
512 Total Accidents
Number (Fatalities) Percent of Total Acc
Incursions:
Excursions: Confusion:
3
(17)
.6%
2.5% .2%
13 (283) 1 (49)
FSF Goal:
Make Aviation Safer by Reducing the Risk of an Accident