ul m lls y iqyx m tion efuge - Wildfire History Project

ul—m—th2p—lls y‚iqyx vower2ul—m—th2x—tion—l2‡ildlife2‚efuge y ‚ R 2I H vower2ul—m—th2x‡‚ y‚iqyx horris ƒ 2W U „ulel—ke ‡ildfire2ristory2IWQT2E2PHHS vo™—tionX2 ‡est2of2„ulel—keD2ge2 2 … gevspy‚xse e2 mere2 five2 ye—rs2 following2 the2 ™re—tion2 of2 the2 modern2 d—y2 wildlife2 refuge2 systemD2 €resident2 „heodore2 ‚oosevelt2 pro™l—imed2 ul—m—th2 v—ke2 ‚eserv—tion2 —s2 the2 n—tionÀs2 first2 w—terfowl2refugeF22„he2€resident2determined2the2l—nds2were2to2˜e2set2—side2Á—s2—2preserve2 —nd2 ˜reeding2 ground2 for2 n—tive2 ˜irdsÂF2 2 „od—yD2 vower2 ul—m—th2 x—tion—l2 ‡ildlife2 ‚efuge2 en™omp—sses2 more2 th—n2 SQDHHH2 —™res2 of2 prime2 h—˜it—t2 for2 migr—ting2 w—terfowl2 —nd2 provides2for—ging2grounds2for2numerous2r—ptors2—nd2other2wildlifeF2 2 vike2its2neigh˜or2to2the2e—stD2„ule2v—ke2x‡‚D2vower2ul—m—thÀs2l—nds2serve2du—l2uses2—s2—2 wildlife2preserve2—nd2vi—˜le2f—rming2groundF22„he2portions2of2the2refuge2in2yregon2—re2p—rt2 of2 the2le—sel—nd2 f—rming2 progr—mD2 where2 f—rmers2 ˜id2 —nnu—lly2 on2 fields2 —nd2 grow2 v—rious2 ™ropsF22„he2g—liforni—2—re—s2of2the2refuge2—re2in2—2™om˜in—tion2of2perm—nent2—nd2se—son—l2 m—rshesD2le—sed2f—rm2units2—nd2upl—ndsF2 2 porm—l2re™ordings2of2wildfires2—re2virtu—lly2nonEexistent2until2the2mid2IWRHÀsD2˜ut2even2then2 they2 —re2 spor—di™2 —t2 ˜estF2 2 w—ny2 nonEspe™ifi™2 referen™es2 —re2 reported2 for2 pe—t2 fires2 ˜urning2 in2 —nd2 —round2 present2 d—y2 …nit2 R2 for2 m—ny2 ye—rs2 during2 the2 l—te2 IWRH Às2 through2 2 2 2 2 2 R2 U2 I2 T2 T2 R2 H2 H2 S2 PI2 g 2I e W Q H V IT PR wiles e™re—geX2 g—n˜y ‡orden SQDIWT2 2 vRV ist—˜lishedX2 werrill QW eugust2HVD2IWHV2 2 „ot—l2‡ildfiresX2 vRW vHW vRQ vQW vQV vIQ vIP vHR vII vPV vPW SR2 2 €er™ent—ge2of2one2„ot—lX2 vQI QI2 vPI ITI vQH vHI vHQ vIU vRS vHT 2 g—use2„ypeX2 vRP x—tur—l22 g—mp2pire22 ƒmoking22 pire2…se22 the2 mid2 IWSHÀsF2 2 „hese2 reports2 seem2 quite2 re—son—˜le2 —s2 the2 unit2 is2 known2 for2 its2 highly2 org—ni™2 —nd2 ™om˜usti˜le2 soils2 —nd2 tod—y2 pe—t2 fires2 still2 o™™ur2 in2 the2 s—me2 —re—2 @most2 re™ently2the2ykl—hom—2fire2in2PHHQAF22 2 „he2 first2 twenty2 ye—rs2 of2 fire2 re™ords2 —nd2 reports2 do2 not2 provide2 inform—tion2 to2 determine2 their2 spe™ifi™2 ™—useD2 ˜ut2 more2 re™ently2 the2 refuge2 h—s2 experien™ed2 —2 growing2 num˜er2 of2 hum—n2 ™—used2 in™identsF2 g—mp2 fires2 h—d2 prev—len™e2 for2 some2 time2 until2 regul—tions2 prohi˜ited2™—mping2—ndD2expe™t—ntlyD2th—t2™—use2™—tegory2diminished2to2zeroF22et2the2s—me2 timeD2 —2 num˜er2 of2 es™—ped2 pres™ri˜ed2 firesD2 ˜oth2 origin—ting2 on2 —nd2 off2 the2 refugeD2 h—ve2 resulted2in2wildfiresF2 vIH vIR vPT vIT vRI vRR vPP vHP vHS vIV sn™endi—ry2 iquipment2…se22 2 ‚—ilro—ds2 2 2 2 2 vIW vPS vQR tuveniles2 wis™ell—neous2 …nknown2 vQT 2 vQU vQQ vRT 2 vRH vQP vRU xum˜er vQS vHI vHP x—me ‰e—r IWRR IWRR IWRS IWRT IWRU IWRU IWRU IWRV IWRW IWRW IWSP IWST IWTH IWTH IWTT IWTT IWTU IWTU IWTV e™re—ge xum˜er vPV x—me2 …nit2P …nit2P …nit2Q ƒhop …nit2W …nit2T2g fr—ndon ƒ—rdine qretzky ‚efuge ‚epe—t fy‚2 teezope—t †olunteer g—rlson hr—in p—ir™hild ykl—hom— qre—sewood g‡e „ownship rensel ‰e—r IWUV IWUV IWUV IWVR IWVV IWVW IWWR IWWT IWWU IWWV IWWW PHHH PHHH PHHH PHHI PHHI PHHP PHHQ PHHS PHHS PHHS PHHS IWRR IWSS IWTI IWTI IWTI e™re—ge gevspy‚xse RFS RHHFH vPW vQH vQI vQP vQQ vQR vHU vIS vPH vPU vPR vHQ vHR vHS IFH PS VH HFI WH HFS ISHH PS PS Q IRR HFP T S RPU HFI HFSS SHFR Q ‡ildfire2vo™—tion2„ype2hes™riptions2 2 g—l™ul—tedX2 2 „he2 wildfire2 is2 ™—l™ul—ted2 to2 —2 ™entr—l2 point2 ˜—sed2 upon2 reported2 leg—l2 lo™—tion2 or2 vHV vPQ vHT vHU vHV spe™ifi™2pl—™e2des™riptionF22ix—mples2in™lude2RVxD2 PiD2 ƒe™tion2 PV2 or2 middle2 of2 …nit2 gER2 —t2 w—ters2 edgeF2 2 qener—lX2 2 „he2 wildfire2 is2 lo™—tion2 is2 ˜—sed2 upon2 —2 gener—l2 —re—2 des™riptionF2 2 ix—mples2 in™lude2 RFH vQS vQT wodo™ x—tion—l porest vHW vIH vII vIP vIQ vIR vIS vIT UHHFH ITHFH vQU vQV vQW vRH vRI ƒouthwest2 ƒump2 of2 „ule2 v—ke2 x‡‚2 or2 …nit2 R2 of2 vower2ul—m—th2x‡‚F2 2 q€ƒX2 2 „he2 wildfire2 lo™—tion2 w—s2 determined2 using2 —2 geogr—phi™2 positioning2 system2 —nd2 supporting2 softw—reD2 providing2 —2 spe™ifi™2 l—titude2 —nd2 HFPS PH RWH P P RR PH HFS RH IQSFR PS QH ITH vRP vRQ vRR vRS vRT vRU vRV vRW ‡ildfire2vo™—tion2„ype g—l™ul—ted qener—l q€ƒ righw—ys ‚o—ds ‚efuge2found—ry €riv—te H I P Q wiles vIU vIV vIW vPH vPI vPP vPQ vPR vPS vPT vPU gh—lk ƒheepy2i—st …nit2T …nit2IP ƒ—rdine …nit2T p—ir™hild2ssl—nd longitudeF22en2ex—mple2is2RI2degreesD2SP2minutesD2 SRFQQ2 se™onds2 north2 ˜y2 IPI2 degreesD2 IR2 minutesD2 IPFWV2se™onds2westD2xeh2VQF2 2 …nknownX2 2 „he2 wildfire2 lo™—tion2 w—s2 re™orded2 only2 in2 rel—tion2 to2 the2 refuge2 it2 o™™urred2 onF22 ristori™—l2 re™ords2 —nd2 rese—r™h2 did2 not2 provide2 —ny2 —ddition—l2 inform—tionF2 2 en2 ex—mple2 would2 ˜e2 —2wildfire2listed2—s2IWSRD2„ule2v—ke2x‡‚F 2 IWUH IWUH IWUI IWUR IWUS IWUS IWUU IWUU vo™—tion2—nd2n—me2unknown vo™—tion2—nd2n—me2unknown vo™—tion2—nd2n—me2unknown vo™—tion2—nd2n—me2unknown vo™—tion2—nd2n—me2unknown I I IFS ‡—ter