Get documents about "U.S. Navy Leases
Document Sample
NEWSLETTI JEWISH INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
1411 K Street NW, Suite 1002, Washington, D.C. 20005
I
(202) 347-5425
Vol. 111, No. 31 September 1984
NEWSBRIEFS U.S. Navy Leases Israeli
NEW RADAR FOR SOVIETS: Air
Force Magazine reported that the Soviet
Union has developed a new radar
arms sales to Iran, which has not receiv-
ed any substantial hardware in the past
two years.
KFIR Aircraft
system that can detect and track
IRANIAN JUDGES ATTACK AT UN:
submerged submarines from space. The
A Swedish judge was physically
system is based in the Soviet Salyut
assaulted by two Iranian judges at the
manned space station. The Department
international tribunal at The Hague that
of Defense said that it has no knowledge
is arbitrating financial claims between
that the Soviets have actually made this
the US and Iran. The US proclaimed its
technological breakthrough; however, if
outrage over the incident to Teheran.
such a system does become operational,
it could threaten the United States'
MUBARAK REJECTS QADDAFI OF-
superiority in nuclear missile sub- FER: President Hosni Mubarak of
marines. Egypt has rejected an offer from
CBO REPORTS ON MERCHANT Libya's leader, Col. Muammar Qad-
MARINE: The Congressional Budget dafi, of $5 billion in return for Egypt's
Office has found that the US merchant denunciation of the Camp David peace
fleet would be unable to provide ade- treaty with Israel and the return of a Li-
quate sealift capability in time of war; byan pilot who defected to Egypt. Presi-
by 1988, the fleet will be 10-257o short dent Mubarak refused even to receive
of what would be needed to supply Qaddafi's envoy.
troops in case of a conflict with the
PRESSURE ON LANGE: The ruling
Soviet Union. In addition, US shipyards
Labor Party of New Zealand recently
would fall about 30%o below the level
passed non-binding resolutions calling
needed in 1988. CBO estimated that
on Prime Minister David Lange to pull
Congress will have to allocate sup-
out of the ANZUS defense alliance,
plementary subsidies of up to $4 billion
which includes Australia, the US and
a year in order to correct deficiencies. The Israeli Kfir will enter service to the IJS Navy in 1985.
New Zealand, and to shut down a US
GREEN BERETS REINSTATED: For Air Force base on New Zealand ter- Shoshana Brycn arrangement provides a concrete exam- The Navy is presently conducting a
the first time in a decade, the Army has ritory. However, party pundits plec of still-fairly-nebulous US-Israel competition to buy 24 supersonic planes
reactivated a 776-man Green Beret unit predicted that these resolutions will not strategic cooperation, set into motion to fill adversary roles in training,
"The US Navy has reached an agree-
at Fort Lewis, Washington. The special become part of Langc's government early in the year. however, those planes will not be
ment with the Government of Israel for
operations unit, which was disbanded policy. The Kfirs will be used in the Navy's available until 1987. The Navy
use of twelve Kfir aircraft in its fleet
after the Vietnam War, specializes in Adversary Aircraft Program, which is spokesman said, "This competition is
OTA SAYS MORE MIDEAST adversary training program." With that
unconventional warfare, such as com- an outgrowth of combat experience in totally separate from the unsolicited of-
TRADE: The Office of Technology statement, U.S. Secretary of the Navy
batting guerrillas. Vietnam. Using US aircraft to simulate fer for the immediate transfer of used
Assessment recommended that the US John F. Lehman, Jr., tapped Israel to
IRAQ AHEAD: According to a study adopt a more "coherent" technology be the first foreign country to supply Kfirs at no cost from the Government of
by the Senate Foreign Relations Com- transfer policy, one that is based more combat aircraft to the United States Israel to help the Navy alleviate an im-
mittee, Iraq has gained a slight edge in on economics than on politics. Because armed forces. "No other aircraft with mediate shortfall. The Navy has receiv-
its war with Iran. Iraq has received aid Middle East oil revenues will decline in The planes will not arrive at their base the desired performance ed other unsolicited proposals from
from both the US and the Soviet Union the next decade, the US share of exports in Oceana Va., until the spring of 1985, time to time, but after thorough evalua-
can be obtained im- tion, it was determined that these pro-
through massive weapons sales and in- to the region will diminish unless but prior to that, Navy pilots will be
directly through the US-led embargo of ((Conlinued on page 61 training on Kfirs in Israel. The leasing mediately. " osals for various reasons could not meet
Navy requirements."
Aside from ready availability, the
the conditions and tactics of enemy Navy benefits from the conditions of
planes as closely as possible was found the lease, which runs from September
to vastly increase pilot performance in 1984 - October 1987; namely, the lease
combat. Since the days of Vietnam, the is no-cost. The Navy pays nothing for
caliber of planes presumed to pose a their use.
threat to US pilots has increased, and The Navy is, however, obligated to
The Board of Advisors thus the need for sophisticated training maintain the planes to Israeli Air Force
planes has increased. Specifically, there standards, which entails a maintenance
and the is a need to supplement the supersonic contract with Israel Aircraft Industries
for the fixed price of $68 million. This
planes available to the Navy.
Board of Directors The Kfir is a Mach 2 + , single seat,
tactical fighter. Its delta wing design is
may not sound like a bargain, except for
two things: I) any plane, US or foreign,
will have to be maintained at a price,
of JINSA derived from the French Mirage, and is
similar to the USAF F-102 and F-106 of and a fixed contract protects the in-
the 1950s. The Kfir is capable of terests of the Navy; and 2) IAI has told
with our members and friends simulating several types of planes, in- the Navy it will hire qualified Americans
cluding some types of MiGs, which will to service the planes at their US base,
a happy, healthy and prosperous be its primary function in the US. Navy
spokesmen commented that, "while
with IAI engineers serving as con-
sultants.
New Year. several US and foreign technology air-
craft are potentially capable of perform-
Asked to speculate on why the Israeli
government had offered the Kfirs, the
ing the adversary training mission, the spokesman said, "The US Navy cannot
US has accepted Israel's no-cost offer of speak for the government of Israel.
the Kfirs because no other aircraft with However, there has long been a close
the desired performance can be obtain- relationship between our govern-
ed immediately." ments."
September 1984 Page 2
EDITORIALS NEWSLETTER
The Jewish Institute is committed
to explaining the link between U.S.
national security and Israel's
One of the key elements in these successes has been the security, and assessing what we can
Strategic Cooperation confidential nature of the cooperation talks. Away from the
and must do to strengthen both.
glare of publicity, professional officers have been allowed to
is Working pursue the congruence of their countries' needs and abilities.
Board of Advisors
Senator Rudy Boschwitz
Left undisturbed, in the growing atmosphere of trust and Lt. Gen. Devol Brett (Ret.)
The announcement late last year of closer US-Israel confidence, the US military establishment may look upon
Dr. Lawrence Goldmuntz
The Honorable Jack Kermp
strategic cooperation was greeted with some skepticism by Israel as a full partner in defense of Western interests, and I.L. Kenen
those who remembered the failure of the public 1981 agree- Israel may have greater assurance of her role in Western Professor Walter laqucur
Max M. Kampelman
ment; by those who consider it a ruse for Israel to drain US security. Such an outcome would serve us all, and seems more Ivan Novick
resources; and by those who simply couldn't imagine the Pen- plausible now than ever in the past. Professor Eugene V. Rostow
Edward Sanders
tagon and the Israel Defense Forces cooperating at all. This Lt. Cien. Eugene Tighe (Ret.)
autumn, the skeptics are quiet, as cooperation proceeds Jacques Torezyner
apace. General John Vogt (Ret.)
Gordon Zacks
The lease by the US Navy of 12 Israeli Kfir aircraft (see ac- Admiral Elmo Zumwalt (Ret.)
companying article) is but the latest in a series of ar-
rangements proving that both sides have much to gain by
Waste, Fraud & Defense Board of Directors
quiet talks. In closely guarded privacy, Israeli and American Dollars: Caveat Emptor? Saul I. Stern, President
Herbert A. Fierst, Chairman
defense and security professionals have wrestled with the of the Board
definition and tested elements of strategic cooperation. Now, There are discrete areas of discussion in deciding how US Elliot H. Cole, Vice President
Nathan Golden, Vice President
close ties between the US and Israel have resulted in each defense dollars can best be allocated. Some issues raised in Lyle Ryter, Vice President
country being able to offer specific solutions to each other's these areas are spurious, put forward by those who would Seymour S. Abensohn, Treasurer
Stephen Rosen, Secretary
and mutual problems. The Kfir lease, for example, was the simply abhor the military, but some merit serious attention
result of an unsolicited offer by Israel to offset a known shor- and definition. These are of three different types. First, there Stanford Adelstein
Rabbi Leon Adler
tage of supersonic aircraft in the Navy's adversary training is an overall policy discussion-the merits of a 600 ship Navy Morris J. Amitay
program. based around carrier task groups vs. a larger number of Phillip Aronoff
Earlier this year, a new Memorandum of Agreement cover- smaller, less expensive ships; existing B-i bombers vs. future Herschel Auerbach
Stanley Baruch
ing military trade was signed. Heavy emphasis was placed on horizon Stealth bombers, etc. Stanley Bcrenzweig
providing opportunities for Israel to produce items for US Second is the issue of waste. There is no excuse for several- Diane Blumberg
I lerschel Blumberg
military use, and on agreement by the US to facilitate Israel's hundred-dollar flashlights or several-thousand-dollar lad- Marvin Blumberg
entry into competition for military procurements. ders. However, contracts can be renegotiated, refunds col- William Bryen
Clement Caditz
During the summer, joint medical exercises were held. lected and life set right again. The Navy, in particular, has a Alvin S. Cohen
Despite carping from some who would have preferred more solid record of finding exhorbitant charges and obtaining Melvin S. Cohen
prestigious-sounding military exercises, the medical agree- refunds. The same is true of tightening work schedules, S. Robert Cohen
Brant Coopersmtith
ment has important ramifications for the US. It breaks an old limiting cost overruns and introducing competitive bidding. Jerome .1. Dick
American inhibition against advance planning for the use of Third is a most serious issue: that of shoddy work and im- Howard I. Friedman
Norman I. Gelman
medical facilities offered to us by other countries. In previous proper or insufficient testing. This affects US military Leon Genet
Pentagon plans, casualties sustained in the Persian Gulf readiness and effectiveness, and the very lives of American Dr. Leon Gerber
Douglas Giant
would have been sent to US facilities at Diego Garcia (2000 service personnel. There can be no compromise on the issue Robert Goldmnann
miles away), and we refused a French offer to formulate a of quality control, and we commend the Pentagon for taking Carl Henry
Harlan Hockenberg
contingency plan for the use of French hospitals during a war a tough position. Several months ago, the Navy stopped ac- Matthew Jordan
in Europe. The US-Israel agreement paves the way for us to cepting Phoenix missiles from the Hughes Aircraft Corp., 1. Samuel Kaminsky
look at other friendly offers of medical assistance, perhaps and the Air Force stopped accepting Maverick missiles from Jerome Katzin
Galen Kelly
saving American lives in the future. Following the most re- Hughes in August. The Department of Defense is now con- Marvin Klemow
cent attack against Americans in Lebanon, there was im- sidering whether Texas Instruments is criminally or civilly Leo Kramer
Michael l.edeen
mediate contact between the US and Israel, to determine the liable for shipping improperly tested microchips to manufac- Rabbi Shmuel Lefkowitz
American need and Israel's ability to help. Four Americans turers of weapon systems. Nathan L.ewin
Bryan Littlefield
were treated at Tel Aviv. Consider this-thus far, the parameters of the Texas In- David Medin
The US Sixth Fleet now routinely calls at Haifa, and the strument "suspect chip" problem include 1700-4700 different Robert Meyersburg
types of chips sold to up to 300 companies, including IBM, Myron Milder
USO has built a facility there. Israel benefits economically Dr. Herbert Paper
and by the deterrent power of the Fleet. General Dynamics, Northrop and Lockheed, and all the Rabbi Stanley Rabinowitz
The most recent example of cooperation, the Kfir lease, paperwork isn't in yet. Even if the chips are found not to be Leon Reiskin
Robert Reisman
marks the first time the US armed forces have utilized a defective, the money spent by DoD to clarify the issue will be Susan Rolnick
foreign-built combat plane. The Kfirs will be used for train- astounding. Betty Sachs
Marvin Selig
ing, not for combat. Israeli Remotely Piloted Vehicles While contractors need some protection against baseless in- Jack Serber
(drones) are entering the US military inventory as well. vestigations by the Pentagon, the responsibility for careful Cecile Shure
Professor Seymour Siegel
In each case, there was a need to be filled, and Israel filled production and proper testing belongs to the contractor. Rabbi Matthew Simon
it in a manner which benefitted both countries. This is the Should contractors be proven negligent, the cost and liability Robert Slavilt
essence of cooperation between allies. should be theirs as well. Quite properly, DoD is holding the Samuel Stroum
Dr. George 'l ievsky
These examples obviate at least two major concerns of threat of decertification for defense work over the heads of Dr. Bruno Weinschel
those who had been skeptical. First, it cannot be said that contractors whose work is substandard. Too many lives are at Bernard S. White
Robert 1. Widder
cooperation with Israel is solely a drain on US resources-the stake to do otherwise. Matthew Wittenstein
investment of US military aid has paid dividends for US Leonard A. Zax
Harriet Zimmermran
security. Second, for those who were concerned about the
possible effect of US-Israel cooperation on US-Arab rela- Staff
tions, it is now clear that none of the proposals implemented We solicit Shoshana Brycn, Executive
thus far poses any threat to Arab countries. In fact, Director, Managing Editor
"moderate, pro-Western" Arabs benefit insofar as the your comments. Frank Hoeber, Contributing
Editor
overall US position and ability to operate effectively in the Leon Sloss, Contributing
Editor
region have been enhanced.
September 1984 Page 3
or Spain) or to the westward-leaning
Major Issues In National Arab states of the Persian Gulf. Japan
could take on a major role in helping in
Security: Part II the defense and economic development
of China. Japan could play a major role
in reducing western dependence on Per-
An interview with sian Gulf oil by developing alternate
fossil fuel sources such as shale and tar
Leonard Sullivan, Jr. sands (together with Canada perhaps);
and possibly by developing permanent
Editor's Note: The Honorable Leonard equally frustrating to Soviet repositories for disposing of nuclear
Sullivan, Jr., has been involved in US political/economic ambitions. energy waste material.
national security matters for over 35 This second view interprets the Soviet A greater role in Third World
years. He was a weapon designer in the military build-ups as a capital invest- economic assistance might also lower
defense industry Jbr 15 years, followed mrent in intimlidation, not an expense ac- the requirements for rapid deployment
by 12 years in the Department of count for ravaging their wealthy military forces around the world, and
Defense. From 1973 to 1976, he served neighbors. It senses a rational accom- even in our own hemisphere. A total
as Assistant Secretary of Dejense for modation between the conflicting ex- Japanese commitment of two or three
Program Analysis and Evaluation. pansionist interests held by the Soviet percent of their GNP across these areas
Since then he has been an independent State and by its Commlunist Party. In on a continuing basis could make a very
consultant, and has worked with such general, this view believes that the Party substantial impact on the long-term
organizations as the Atlantic Council of gets to exercise its demonstrably unsuc- security of the West. It could also
the United States, the Committee on the cessful ideological proselytizing only enhance Japan's image as a full fledged
Present Danger, the Republican Na- where important State interests are not and responsible member of the Western
tional Committee, and the Heritage at stake. It assumes that the Soviets coalition.
Foundation. Mr. Sullivan went on the realize a communist Western Europe is BRYEN: Well, sir, there doesn't seem
second JINSA tour to Israel, and agreed beyond the pale; that the Soviets would to be any lack of ideas for improving
to this interview with .IINSA 's Ex- our overall Western security posture.
ecutive Director, Shoshana Brven. Leonard Sullivan, Jr. Do you think any of these notions of
Part I appeared in the August yours will be accepted?
Newsletter, but we will begin hyv "The reformists are rescue? Instead of facing these pro- BRYEN: Let's leave the NA TO war- SULLIVAN: I have no illusions about
repeating Mr. Sullivan's thoughts on the really proposing a sort blems, the military, aided by high- fighting issues and look at the Pacific these suggestions being accepted as ex-
future of NA TO. technology enthusiasts, is busy figuring ,fora mtinute. Is there any solution to the pressed, but they are probably along the
of un-A inerican
out how to offset a massive numerical Japanese unwillingness to increase their right track. Very little is likely to be
peacetime solution: inferiority with sophisticated, precision defense spending? done, however, unless the West comes
establishing a standard guided munitions which cannot attack SUI..IVAN: There are a lot of poten- to realize collectively that the "correla-
SULLIVAN: I see several fundamental of fighting well below targets they cannot see. There is tial solutions, but most of theim arc pro- tion of forces" is still shifting slowly but
issues crying for serious attention. material here that would have delighted bably not practical. We could try to steadily in the wrong direction. There is
Nobody really backs off and asks what
our standard of living." Gilbert & Sullivan-or Freud. establish import and export duties to no way that the US can stop that shift
we would like NATO to look like, say, BRYFEN: Speaking of high tech/nology, recoup some of the funds we are spen- by itself. I doubt it can, or should, be
ten or fifteen years hence. Instead, we there seems to he a growing rnovemrent ding on their belalf. We could arbitrari- stopped with military forces alone. In
keep arguing for the near-term status never go to war to reunify the two Ger- for military ''reJormt ". )on't these peo- ly reduce our forces in the Northwest many cases, the required changes will
quo, despite the staggering changes in manies; and that a war-ravaged, pie think that our military equipment i. Pacific and force them to take up the disturb the equanimity of some of our
the overall superpower balance over the disgruntled EEC cannot appear half as already too comnplicated? slack. We could try to exclude both current institutions. I cannot imagine
past two decades. The longer we put off attractive to the Soviets as the one they SULLIVAN: The reformists are a Canada and Japan from membership in that the Defense Department or
the necessary restructuring, the more now do business with. I suspect that the peculiar combination of well- the economic summit on the basis of NATO-or the Statle Departmint for
anachronistic and counter-productive Europeans-including their military-- intentioned people and one-purpose en- security non-compliance. Most of these that matter-would take the lead in rais-
the whole situation becomes. lean towards the latter view, while ac- thusiasts pushing for specific lower cost threats won't work as long as ing these issues.
BRYEN: Would Israel have a largerrole cusing the American "cowboys" of cl- weapon systems which they believe Americans base their leadership of the There has to be some broader forum,
to play in your version of a properly inging to the hopelessly simplistic bar- would perform more effectively under West on popularity rather than respect. possibly coupled directly to the political
balanced W'estern securit' con- barian view. But if it keeps the US in realistic wartime conditions. They are In any event, many countries around the or legislative leadership of the Western
glomerate? place and involved, they wink: so be it, mostly civilian analysts incidentally, Pacific aren't crazy about a far larger countries, that develops some longer
SULLIVAN: They certainly would. just ignore it, and act reluctant. which doesn't make them wrong, but Japanese military establishment. range blueprint for the future security
And so would several other countries BKYEN: And you think the current does make their military judgment Besides, I see some less antagonistic of the West. It is only within that
who have demonstrated their desire to ,miilitarv posture in NA IO supports this somewhat suspect. If we actually went alternatives which would operate broader context that some of these
accept the overall values and respon- rather clnical view? to war and undertook a big industrial positively on the overall "currelalion of issues can be usefully addressed, and the
sibilities of the Western way of life. We SULLIVAN: Yes M'am, I do. There is mobilization like in World War 11, 1 forces". necessary changes willingly made.
need to develop a whole new structure an inescapable aura of charade about suspect a lot of our hastily-produced Western security could also be Meanwhile, we must continue to sup-
of strategic cooperation with the up- the whole posture. How otherwise can equipment would satisfy the reformlists. substantially improved by pressing port strong alliances and strong US
and-coming democracies. Our "club of you explain our military-and The question, of course, is whether a Japan to accept a very major role in defense budgets.
allies" needs new and younger political-acquiescence to a "sus- primarily deterrent 'orce would be military assistance to our less wealthy Thank you for letting me ventilate in
members. We have been static too long. tainability" posture so inadequate that enhanced by having this equipment in- NATO allies (such as Turkey, Greece, views, Mrs. Bryen.
I certainly share JINSA's interests in NATO's Supreme Commander stead of what we have. In general, those
improving US/Israeli strategic coopera- repeatedly promises to escalate rapidly who advocate simpler equipment also
tion. And that same approach can apply
elsewhere.
to nuclear weapons because his forces
will run out of basic ammunition in the
imply the need for more of it. That
means larger standing forces, and thus PENTAGON
BRYEN: Well. assuming you can't first few days of war? How else can you higher peacetime operating costs. It's a
remake the whole world, let'.s get back
to some of the lesser improvements
explain keeping hundreds, if not
thousands, of expensive allied aircraft
no-win situation. Their ideas would not
really noticeably reduce defense spen-
FLY-IN VI
needed in NA TO. Explain why you on airfields within Soviet rocket and ding. They stop well short of the real
think the European NA TO leadership sapper attack range without shelters? warfighter's advocacy for preponderant 31 October-1 November
doesn't think it needs to be preparedfor How can you then explain a reinforce- inventory advantage.
a war. ment plan that involves rapidly sending The reformists are really proposing a
SULLIVAN: I see two differing views more US aircraft to those same fields sort of un-American peacetime solu-
* The subject is the readiness of US
of the goals of the Soviet empire. The before the war begins, and usurping the tion: establishing a standard of fighting forces
barbarian view holds that the Soviets, few shelters that could be used by our well below our standard of living. It also
given half a chance, would overrun allies? Why else would sixteen nations inescapably appears motivated not by * Meet the men and women in charge and
Western Europe, reduce it to ashes and plan on a war in which they cannot greater force effectiveness, but by lower
enslave its people. In this view, only the always communicate reliably, identify defense spending. They seem to lean to discuss the implications for the US and
NATO forces have deterred such ag- each other as friend or foe, or even swap the common view among Democrats
that all expensive weapons arc bad, and
our allies
gression. The more sophisticated view basic ammunition?
holds that the Soviets are still sinister, if' How do you explain masses of that all expensive strategies are wrong.
not evil, but that they plan to frighten forward-stored US equipment (for our In sum, I think the reformists are pro-
* Visit the National Military Command
the Europeans into political subser- Army reinforcements) that can't be used bably a useful adjunct to the defense Center
vience. Then they could reap the or maintained by our allies themselves? debate, as long as their views influence
rewards of the West European How do you explain a several hundred future military designs without distor- * Visit the Israeli Embassy
economies and eliminate Western mile vulnerable land border with the ting our near-term posture. We do need
threats both to the Soviets and to the enemy without a single Western barrier some counterweight to our cultural There are only a few spaces left for this unique
stability of their increasingly antsy East in place against an invasion by heavy ar- tendency towards over-sophistication.
seminar
European allies. This view holds that mored vehicles? How do you explain Nevertheless, our technological
the major NATO contribution has been large numbers of European reservists superiority complex probably does tend Cost: $200
to deter the disintegration of Western with no military equipment to fight to exacerbate the Soviet technological
European will and cooperation: not an with, while we maintain fully equipped inferiority complex. This is where the Call to register: (202) 347-5425
insignificant accomplishment, and reserve units in the US to go to their "arms race" really resides.
September 1984 Page 4
The Iran-Iraq War: Options ceed the mullahs-i.e., the regular
military forces (as opposed to the
Revolutionary Guards) and the middle
army and air force and strengthen their
position versus the Revolutionary
Guards; it would also be seen as a
class. There are clear indications that positive signal of U.S. intentions with
for the United States many members of these groups would
eagerly restore Iran to the Western
camp if the United States were to make
significant potential benefits.
Compared to these benefits, the costs
of such policy would be minimal.
it possible for them to do so. Essentially they would amount to loud
Raphael Danziger and Phil Baum Viewed from this perspective, the protests and threats by Iraq and the
pronounced and well-publicized U.S. Gulf Arab oil producers. In view of the
tilt toward Iraq and its Gulf Arab allies oil glut and the desperate dependence on
Ld. Note. Mr. DLanciger and Mr. Buuin urges the Administration to restrain stated that "certain Zionist elements" may well be miscalculated. Nothing has U.S. security cooperation displayed by
are memberd' of the Conmmiission on In- Iraq directly and through its Arab were behind this charge (Le Monde, united the Iranian population behind Saudi Arabia, these would not need to
ternational Affairs of the A merican financial backers rather than merely Paris, March 8); two months later, the mullahs as has the war with Iraq, be taken too seriously.
Jewish Congress. The following is ex- threaten Iran. In particular, Iraq should President Hussein himself indicated he and no Iranian can contemplate even
cerpted hy permission. be warned that further attacks on Iran's was not interested in an early resump- clandestine overtures toward the United
oil terminal at Kharg Island would not tion of diplomatic relations with States as long as it openly supports Iraq
In what was perhaps the most candid, be tolerated. Washington and said he believed the and its allies. A public U.S. detachment
concise, and perspicacious statement With the tanker war out of the way, United States was attempting to use the from Iraq and from its allies in their Perhaps the most effec-
coming out of the Administration with the U.S. position would markedly im- Persian Gulf war to further its own aims capacity as adversaries of Iran and the tive thing... would be
regard to the Iran-Iraq war, Assistant prove. The specter of direct U.S. and those of Israel under the pressure of resumption of strict neutrality would
Secretary of State for Near Eastern and military involvement would fade. The "Zionist influence" (Washington Post, greatly facilitate the arduous task of the
(for the US) to end its
South Asian Affairs Richard W. Mur- panicky requests for emergency U.S. May 13). pro-American elements in Iran without one-sided blockade of
phy recently told Congress that "a vic- arms shipments to the wobbly Gulf Further, Iraq's abominable human risking an Iraqi defeat. arms sales to Iran.
tory by either side is neither militarily Arab regimes would cease. And the rights record raises some moral ques- Perhaps the most effective thing the
achievable nor strategically desirable" unhealthy nervousness in the interna- tions as to the U.S. tilt toward that United States could do for the potential-
(New York Times, June 12). tional oil market would dissipate. country. In its Countrv Report on ly pro-U.S. Iranian elements without
Human Rights Practices for 1983, the compromising its neutral position
State Department says that Amnesty In- would be to end its one-sided blockade Conclusion
Iran is by far the most important state in the Middle ternational has submitted to the Iraqi of arms sales to Iran. This may be con- To conclude: Despite the apparent
authorities the names of 114 people who sidered a risk, but at present, with U.S. differences, there is a substantial
East. It is the only country... which borders both on have disappeared since they were blessing, Iraq is awash with advanced overlap between the American and
the Soviet Union and the Persian Gulf, and it has a reported arrested between 1979 and European and Soviet arms while Iran is Israeli interests in the Iran-Iraq war.
long border with Soviet-controlled Afghanistan...(it) is 1982 (p. 1271). The State I)epartment starved for arms, ammunition, and Both would suffer from an Iraqi vic-
the only butfer between the USSR and the West's also states that "both physical and spare parts due to the heavy U.S. tory; both are interested in the
psychological torture are extensively us- pressures on its allies to stop all arms maintenance of a viable Iranian state;
principal source of oil. ed by Iraqi authorities" (p. 1271)-a shipments to Iran: While the Iranians and both would benefit immensely from
particularly frightening feature since have been able to purchase "nonlethal" the replacement of the Khomeini regime
over 13,000 political prisoners are hardware fronm govermntent-licensed by a pro-Western government. These
Indeed, neither Iraq nor Iran seem Gulf shipping." Mr. Johansen rightly detailed in one Iraqi jail alone (p. 1271). Western manufacturers and light armns common interests should provide a solid
able to win the war. Against Iran's ad- While working out ways for ending And finally, the State Department from international dealers, modern ma- basis for broadening the recently con-
vantages in population, religious zeal, tile tanker war, the Administration report says "over 30,000 Iranians and jor weapons systems have been cluded U.S.-Israeli strategic coopera-
and oil income, Iraq has the edge in could simultaneously reconsider its Iraqis of known or alleged descent were unavailable from either source. This has tion agreement to include coordination
military hardware and heavily fortified broader strategy toward Iran and Iraq. summarily expelled to Iran in April 1980 not only created a gaping military im- of the two nations' policies toward the
defenses. While another Iraqi invasion Even the most cursory glance at the map and tens of thousands more reportedly balance between the two nations; it has Iran-Iraq war.
of Iran is inconceivable, the repeated reveals that in geopolitical terms, Iran is expelled subsequently" (p. 1273). also increased the relative strength of Unquestionably, the Iran-Iraq war
delays in the promised Iranian offenisive by far the most important state in the This, of course, is not to say that the the Revolutionary Guards in Iran's arm- poses a dilemma and a challenge for
have diminished the chances of its suc- Middle East. It is the only country in the United States should now start wooing ed forces at the expense of the regular Israel, the United States, and indeed all
cess. If the Iranian offensive is ever area which borders both on the Soviet Iran; anti-Americanism is intrinsic to army, air force, and navy to the extent the nations of the West. It demands
mounted-\which is far from cer- Union and on the Persian Gulf and it the Khomeini regime. Nor, for reasons that a takeover by the Guards after carefully calibrated statesmanship and
tain-the outcome is likely to be as in- has a long border with Soviet-controlled expounded earlier, would it be desirable Khomeini's death becomes a real sensitivity to the current state of
conclusive as was that of the previous Afghanistan as well. In other words, for the United States to do anything that possibility. At a time when Iraq has diplomatic, and especially military,
Iranian offensives. Iraq's failure to cut Iran is the only buffer between the might lead to an Iranian victory. A nearly 2,500 tanks versus Iran's 400 and balance. The course recommended in
off Iranian oil exports through attacks USSR and the West's principal source careful calibration of U.S. policy is call- 330 functioning warplanes against 35-40 this paper admittedly is not without
on oil tankers has dashed its hope of br- of oil. Iraq, by contrast, has no border ed for. Well short of a drastic policy (Washington Post, February 24; New risk. There are no sure things in interna-
inging Iran to its knees economically, at all with the Soviet Union, and reversal, the Administration could do York Times, July 21) and when fresh tional relations. But on the basis of all
while Iraq's own economy has rebound- whereas Iran borders on the entire much to improve its position vis-a-vis Soviet and French arms shipments have we currently know and can reasonably
ed from Iran's protracted war of attri- length of the Persian Gulf, Iraq has only Iran, keeping in mind the possibility tipped the balance even further in Iraq's predict, modification of present U.S.
tion. The two adversaries are thus com- a toehold on its northern shore. Fur- that the mullahs' regime will rnot long favor, the supply by Western nations of policy would seem best calculated to
pletely stalemated. thermore, Iran's territory is nearly four endure beyond Khomeini. The primary a small number of tanks and warplanes prevent the war in the Persian Gulf
It is equally true that a victory by times larger than Iraq's and its popula- U.S. objective would be to strengthen could not lead to an Iranian victory. It from yielding a permanent, and even
either Iran or Iraq would haril tion three times larger; Iran has larger those groups in Iran most likely to suc- could greatly improve the morale of the more costly and dangerous, legacy.
American interests. An Iranian victory proven oil reserves than does Iraq; Iran
would most likely cause the violent has had historical continuity as a
replacement of the Gulf Arab conser- distinct, independent state with a
vative regimes by Islamic fundamen- cohesive population whereas Iraq was
talists implacably hostile to the West. for hundreds of years a backwater of
An Iraqi triumph would place these the Ottoman Empire, deeply divided
r----------------------------------------
regimes at the mercy of a greatly between Sunnis and Shiites; and while
strengthened Iraq which is still closely Iraq has closely cooperated with the Subscribe I
tied to tile Soviet Union. For starters, Soviet Union since tile 1950's, Iran has
Iraq would probably revive its 1961 never worked with the Soviets and was
(or send a gift to someone who needs to be informed) I
claim to sovereignty over Kuwait. allied with the United States until 1979.
The U.S. tilt toward Iraq was largely Even under Khomeini, the Iranians are An annual subscription to the JINSA Newsletter is $30.00. It is a small price to
designed to help prevent an Iranian vic- fully aware of tile Soviet threat. Thus, pay to better understand American defense and security needs and how a firm
tory. If, as Mr. Murphy stated, such vic- the monthly publication The Middle
tory is no longer achievable nor is an East quotes Iranian analysts as saying strategic relationship between the US and Israel can benefit both countries. I
Iraqi victory desirable, the tilt has clear- that next year the Soviet Union will need JINSA is the only Jewish organization solely devoted to explaining the link bet-
ly lost its raison d'etre. The calm at- to begin importing oil and will "spread
mosphere produced by the Iranian-Iraqi its tentacles into the oil regions of the ween US national security and Israel's security, and assessing what we can and
stalemate and the OPEC oil glut should world" (July 1984, p. 17). must do to strengthen both.
facilitate the careful consideration of an Iran vs. Iraq
alternative Gulf strategy. For all these reasons, it is evident that Name
Stopping the Tanker War the United States simply cannot afford
Clearly, America's first priority is to giving up on Iran: Iraq is clearly not in
stop the attacks on oil tankers in the the same league and its pro-Soviet Address
Gulf. As indicated earlier, Iraq has in- record does not bode well for any U.S. I I
itiated these attacks and Iran has only attempt to win it from tlhe Soviets. Even
retaliated on a much smaller scale. As during the height of the U.S. tilt toward
Robert C. Johansen points out in a New Iraq, the Iraqi defense minister Adnan Make checks payable to JINSA and send to 1411 K Street, NW, Suite 1002, 1
York Times Op-Ed (June 26), "Iraqi at- Khairallah (who is also President Hus-
tacks were encouraged...by the Ad- sein's brother-in-law) called the State
Washington, D.C. 20005. JINSA is a non-profit, tax-exempt educational organization.
ministration's promise to use force Department's charge that Iraq had used
against any Iranian attempt to block poison gas "political hypocrisy" and
September 1984
September
1984 Pare 5~~~~~~~~~~~~
Paoe S
Libya and Morocco: a Treaty of by an article that prohibits conflicting
treaties with third nations.
More specifically, any hopes that the "(We are) aware of
Convenience or Catastrophe? US has placed on Hassan as peacemaker
in the Arab-Israeli conflict have been the dangers con-
dashed. The treaty states that the two fronting the Arab
by Marlene Korenstein nations are:
...aware of the dangers conlronting the nation... and
Col. Muammar Qaddafi, ruler of Arab world is most useful". During the The economic advantages that may
libya, is a man who, since his visit, Papandreou and Qaddafi signed a accrue to Morocco are also substantial
A rub nation and the Moslem world in
general and Palestine and Jerusalem in
Palestine and
ascendence to power in a coup 15 years
ago, has been fanatically pursuing his
$1 billion agreement. According to
which Libya will sell oil to Greece for
and will outweigh any reduction or particular, as a result of the policy of Jerusalem in par-
cutoff of American aid, which totalled violence and aggressions carried out by
goal of a single socialist Arab nation, three years at preferential prices. The $140 million this year. lhe treaty pro- Zionists... [and believe] it is necessarrto
ticular, as a result
united under his leadership. Always on agreement reportedly includes Greek vides the Union with both a functioning
the fringes of the international com- arms sales to Libya. The warming of and a developmental budget, and it is
achieve an identity of views, and of the policy of
mobilize efforts with a view to driving
munity, he has been a pariah even Greek-.ibyan relations is most signifi- clear that Libya, with its oil revenues, back aggression and assuring the tri- violence and ag-
among most of the Arab nations. cant, since Mr. Papandreou's govern- will contribute the lion's share. Moroc-
Universally recognized as a sponsor of meint has pledged to withdraw Greece co has been plagued with food and other
umph of jrustice, the saJfegruarding of gressions carried
Arab and Moslemni interesl.s and the
international terrorism, his recent
military exploits include involvement in
from both NATO and the European
Fconomiic Commtunity, a promise that
shortages, and widespread riots have
defense of their right to existence and out by
threatened Hassan's regime in recent dignity.
the Chadian civil war, support for the has weakened relations between Greece months.
Hassan, the most moderate and
Zionists... (and
Polisario guerrillas in the Western and the U.S. A final indication of Qad- Finally, Hassan has been ostracized
Sahara, and frequent clashes or near dafi's improved position vis a vis by much of the Arab world because of stalwart Arab ally of the US, addressed believe) it is
the Palestinian issue several days after
clashes with the US in the Mediterra- Europe is the reinstatement of a Iibyan his moderate stance toward Israel, his
the treaty was signed:
necessary to... drive
nean. King Hassan II of Morocco, on diplomat in Iondon. friendship with the US, and particularly
tire other hand, has long been regarded because of his sponsorship of an inter- lie will say to thenm the back aggression
by the US as a moderate Arab Palestinian.s: H'e can onl/v help rou, but
ruler-perhaps the key to a settlement
national Jewish conference in Rabat,
liberating your countries is your job.
and assure the
Although the treaty which was attended by Israeli delegates.
of the Arab-Israeli conflict. On August
proclaims respect for If nothing else, a federation with l.ibya deciding howr the Palestinianentity can triumph of
13, in Oujda, Morocco, these two will remove the stigma of being "pro- arise and becomle a .slate i.s the concern
leaders signed a treaty establishing the each nation's sovereign- Zionist" and will strengthen his position of the Palestinians. We can only go wilh justice."
Arab-African Union of States. The trea- ty, Hassan will be con- amnong the Arab nations. themi in alny direction they chose i/ they
ty has since been ratified through want lo regain the usurped and occupied
referenda in both countries.
strained by an article Implications for US Policy
land. If it is by war, they know that
that prohibits conflicting Negotiations toward the unity pact
The treaty provides for a joint chair- Morocco has fulfilled its promises; and
began last year when Qaddafi went to
manship which will oversee councils treaties with third na- Rabat and agreed to stop his activity in
I know that Colonel Qaddafi will fulfill a year ago, the Moroccan army has not
covering various areas of cooperation: his promise. If/ itis by negotiations, we yet been able to quell the revolt, despite
tions. the Sahara. Apparently, State Depart-
are ready.
political, military, economic and recent Moroccan claims that the
menlt officials discounted all warnings
cultural/technical. The stated strategic Despite his proclamations that lie can withdrawal of I.ibyan support has
of a treaty between him and Hassan,
goal of the Union of States is to provide Advantages to Morocco "tame" Qaddafi and remain friendly to diminished the guerrillas, number and
and were caught unawares on August
a foundation upon which the entire King Hassan has much to gain from a the US, Hassan's apparent willingness strength.
13, perhaps in the hope that his friend-
Arab nation will be built. The unstated federation with Libya. Of most in- to join the radical Arab states in their Since the Libyan-Moroccan union
ship with the King would fall by the
tactical goal is to counter a similar trea- policies toward Israel belies the US stipulates that aggression toward one
mediate concern to him is the war being wayside. Qaddafi's previous failed
ty established in 1983 between Algeria, waged in the Western Sahara by the perception that the, or any other constitutes aggression toward both, the
alliances with various Arab and African
Mauritania and I unisia. Ihese three na- Polisario guerrillas, who have declared "moderate" Arab ruler, may be able or potential exists for a full-blown con-
nations have included those with Egypt,
tions plus Morocco and Iibya constitute an independent state--the Saharan willing to negotiate with Israel in the frontation between the two axes, if the
with whom Libya has border clashes;
what is loosely referred to as the Democratic Arab Republic-in the near future. Polisario continue to enter Morocco via
Chad, with whom Libya is fighting;
"Greater Arab Maghreb", and all five region. The Polisario are backed not on- The Union of States poses a problem Algeria and Mauritania. However,
Algeria and Tunisia.
pay lip service to its unity. ly by the Algerian-led Maghreb axis, but for the NATO Alliance as well. Moroc- Hassan is content thus far to consider
Congress is likely to respond quickly
Libya's Motives also by the Organization of African co and Spain are separated only by the the Saharan conflict as an internal mat-
to Hassan's actions by cutting off
In fact, I.ibya applied to join the Unity, and until last year, were receiving military sales and financial assistance. If len-mnile wide Strait of Gibraltar, and ter, rather than as Algerian subversion.
Algeria-Mauritania-Tunisia axis, but substantial military supporl from so, what may happen to American Morocco lays claim to several Spanish Even if Hassan succeeds in crushing
was rejected. Qaddafi was nearly top- Libya. Although Libya is now claiming strategic interests in the Mediterranean enclaves on her Mediterranean coast. the rebellion, it is doubtful whether the
pled from power in a May coup at- neutrality in the conflict, Hassan must and north Africa? The addition of Iibya as a wild card rest of the Maghreb will accept this as a
tempt, whch closely followed the fiasco hope that thie union will bring more American basing and port rights, and could upset the fragile status quo bet- permanent solution to the problem.
at the Libyan People's Bureau in Lon- political pressure to bear on the treaties secured from Rabat may be ween Spain and Morocco. This may Thus the unification of the Greater
dont. This diplomatic coup may repair Polisario and its supporters. With revoked-under the new libyan- prompt Spanish Prime Minister Felipe Arab Maghreb currently seems to be at
his relations with the African nations, Libya's assistance, Hassan may be able Moroccan defense and political coun- Gonzales to intensify his efforts to bring a stalemate.
greatly strained by his involvement in to bring the issue before the Arab cils, Qaddafi will gain veto power over Spain into NATO's integrated military
Conclusion
Chad, and should consolidate his power League, where he enjoys more support any overtures that the King may make command. This, however, would only
The Union of States has at least tem-
internally. than in the OAU, thereby avoiding the to Washington. Although the treaty be a peripheral advantage to the West in
porarily resolved foreign and domestic
In addition, lihewill advance his own public referendum he has promised but proclaims respect for each nation's what could prove to be a destabilizing
problems for both Col. Qaddafi and
agenda by drawing Morocco into the postponed. soicrcignly, Hassan will be restrained political reality.
King Hassan. Iibya has gained a part-
circle of radical Arab states, which in- Reaction of the Maghreh ner and some legitimacy in African,
cludes Syria. President Hafez Assad, The greatest obstacle facing the new Arab and European circles, and Hassan
during a visit to Libya following the Union of States is the opposition of the has gained economic reprieve and
signing of the Oujda treaty, reaffirmed Algerian axis. Qaddafi's goal is to unite perhaps military stability in the Sahara.
his 'brotherhood" with the Libyan the Union with the Algerian axis, under However, the US is now faced with a
ruler. Qaddafi has invited all Arabs to his leadership. The Tunisian foreign federation between a military dictator-
join the union and to "march towards minister reported that, following the ship and a constitutional monarchy,
Palestine and Jerusalem" and "destroy Oujda treaty, Qaddafi again applied to once America's strongest friend in the
the so-called state of Israel." join the Algerian "fraternity and accord Arab world.
He is also succeeding in estranging the agreement", and that his request is now Libya's national agenda has always
US from its closest Arab ally, Morocco. under consideration. Although King been diametrically opposed to that of
The US has been seeking to isolate fur- Hassan stated that "the Moroccan- the United States. Until August 13, King
ther Qaddafi's regime in the interna- Libya initiative reinforces and coml- Hassan's agenda seemed to converge
tional community, particularly among pletes tithat of Algeria, Tunisia and with the US at certain points. Whether
the western European nations. Mauritania... [and that] what is impor- or not this marriage of convenience will
However, by aligning himlself with a tant...is the establishment of the struc- last, and what impact it will have on
moderate of Hassan's reputation, Qad- ture of the Maghreb", he has not ap- Western interests in the Mediterranean
dafi has regained some measure of plied to join the Algerian federation. and the Middle East remains to be seen.
legitimacy. He and French Foreign Despite Qaddafi's maneuvering, it In the interim, however, Hassan must
Minister Claude Cheysson recently con- appears unlikely that the "Greater Arab be discouraged from joining in
cluded an agreement to withdraw their Maghreb" will be united until the Qaddafi's adventurism, and this may
respective forces from the Chadian civil Western Saharan problem is resolved. have to be accomplished by reducing or
war. And Greek Prime Minister An- The OAU and the Algerian axis have stopping American economic aid. In ad-
dreas Papandreou visited Iibya during unequivocally expressed their support dition, sales of military hardware
the last week in September, following for Sarahan self-deternmination as an in- should be cut off to prevent equipment
Greece's mediation efforts in the Libya- legral part of the "decolonization pro- from being used by Libya to promote
French negotiations. The visit was ap- cess" of northern Africa, while Hassan her terrorist activities around the world.
proved by the Greek opposition party has never wavered from his claim to the And the lesson must be learned that
leader, Constantine Mitsotakis, who area, which is rich in exportable even our most "reliable" Arab friends
said that "any initiative aimed at the minerals. Although Qaddafi revoked his do not share our priorities in settling
development of closer relations with the Muammar Qaddafi support for the Polisario guerrillas over any conflict in the Middle East.
September 19X4 Page 6
NEWSBRIEFS LIBERAL CONFERENCE IN
(Conlinuedlfir/om page I)
ISRAEL: The annual Congress of the
Liberal International met in Tel Aviv
Auerbach to be JINSA Liaison in Israel;
foreign policy
lessened.
exports controls are earlier this month, with over 300
delegates from 25 countries. Half of the Krohn Named Director of Development
ISRAEL BOYCOTT OFFICE AC- attendees were members of Liberal par-
TIVE: The Israel Boycott Office of the ty government coalitions from around Herschel Aucrbach of Chicago, a
United Arab Emirates has blacklisted the world. Even two countries who do member of the JINSA Board of Direc-
181 Arab and other foreign companies not have diplomatic relations with tors, will be making aliyah in November
for "infringement of the laws of the Israel, India and Spain, were and will become the organization's chief
Arab boycott of Israel." They included represented at the Congress. liaison in Israel. Among his respon-
Mitsubishi jeeps; an Egyptian travel SWAZI DELEGATION TO ISRAEL: sibilities will be arrangements for the
agency; an Alexandrian hotel; the films A five man delegation from Swaziland .IINSA missions to Israel, which are
of Omar Sharif, Paul Newman, Richard visited Israel for a week in early hosted by the Israel Defense Forces. He
Burton and even one film of Vanessa September. They representated the will also be reporting in our Newsletter
Redgrave. On the other hand, 117 com- Queen Regent, who had received the in- periodically about events in Israel.
panies were reinstated into good favor vitation. The delegation, which flew on A veteran of the US Army, Auerbach
for complying with the boycott. Maof Airlines, included a member of was the first intelligence officer with the
the Supreme Council of State, the US Army War Crimes Branch to par-
JORDANIAN COMPANY GETS PRC
Minister for Foreign Affairs and the ticipate in setting utip the organization
NUCLEAR DEAL: The Amman-based
Defense Minister. As a result of the trip, and procedure in the investigation of
United Trading Company (UTC) has
Israel will aid Swaziland with its tourist war crimies and the interrogation of war
announced that it will act as managing
industry and infrastructure. criminals in Germany. He personally
contractor for four nuclear power sta-
directed investigations in a number of
tions in China, on which Western in- HUSSEIN TO MOSCOW: King Hus- concentration camps and prisoner of
terest has focused for a decade. UTC, sein will pay an official visit to Moscow war camps, among them, Nordhausen,
whose main activities, until now, have in early October. The Jordanian Buchenwald and Dachau. Lt. Col. Charles A. Krohn, USA Ret.
included trading, insurance and travel monarch, who "welcomed the Soviet in- Upon his return from the service,
business, and has no experience in itiative" on the Middle East, will discuss Auerbach became the director of the
nuclear power. UTC will seek European with Soviet leaders their call for an in- Veterans' Department of the Zionist Lt. Col. Charles Krohn (USA Ret.) and Germany. His awards include the
contractors to supply the technical ex- ternational conference to include all Organization of America. During his The Board of Directors and the Board Silver Star, Bronze Star, Meritorious
pertise. parties concerned. Hussein will also many years of involveiient with the of Advisors of JINSA are pleased to an- Service Medals, Joint Service Comimen-
discuss military relations with the ZOA, he has served as National Direc- nounce the appointment of Lt. Col. dation Medal, Army Commendation
NEW SALVADOR BASE: Some of the
USSR, and will try to conclude a tor of Membership, National Honorary Charles Krohn to the position of Direc- Medal with Device for Valor, Combat
$70 million in emergency aid for El
weapons deal including advanced equip- Vice President and President of the tor of Development. Krohn comes to Infantry Badge and Parachute Badge.
Salvador that was recently approved by
Congress will be used to build a ment. Zionist Organization of Chicago. IHe is JINSA upon his retirement from the Ar- His responsibilities in JINSA will in-
helicopter base in San Miguel, 60 miles SWEDISH-SOVIET TIES: On August also a Member of the Board of Direc- my, following 25 years of active duty. volve meeting with members across the
east of San Salvador. Currently, the 9, Sweden detected a Soviet military air- tors of the American-Israel Chamber of His most recent duties in the Pentagon country and planning meeting, seminars
Salvadoran government has only one craft flying in Swedish airspace and over Commrnerce of the Midwest, a Member included being a speechwriter and and trips in various regions. Hie will
military air base, which is located in San Swedish territory. In September, the of the Board of Governors of the public affairs advisor to senior Defense work with members of the Board of
Salvador. The second base will provide Soviets announced that it could not con- Greater Chicago Committee for the Department officials and Army leaders, Directors and Board of Advisors to
government forces with more mobility firm the overflight, thereby straining State of Israel Bonds; and a Member of including the Deputy Under Secretary translate JINSA goals and policy into
and the range to strike against the rebels even further the diplomatic relations the National Council of the American of Defense for Policy. programs of interest and information
located in northeastern El Salvador. between the two countries. Sweden's Israel Public Affairs Committee. Krohn has served oversees in Vietnam for our members.
The base will house ten US-supplied probable response to the Soviet denial
Huey helicopters, and a new field will be to release videotapes of the radar
hospital. images.
WHAT THEY ARE SAYING
e U.- CuZ
YASSER ARAFAT (Chairman of the three conditions or issues are met, Egypt therefore I would not have any direct
5 _s D- wj'
>?
U
PLO, as reported by Kuwait KUNA): will unhesitatingly appoint a new am- responsibility for foreign affairs. But I
=
I ? I "The PLO Chairman accused the bassador to Israel." (31 August) can tell you that I have the pleasure of,
O ® e
r United States of hatching a new pro- most of all, being the first official state
GEN. ANTOINE LAHD (Commander visitor from the Republic of Ireland for
posal for settling Palestinians in Latin
of the Army of South Lebanon): "I will 10 years and perhaps even longer; and
America in a bid to undermine their
not allow the Lebanese Army to enter secondly, that I am in a position to ex-
struggle for national rights. He said
south Lebanon as long as the Lebanese tend a formal official invitation to
Is - -w Secretary of State George Shultz had
Government has not reached agreement President Herzog who was born in
personally been canvassing the idea,
en with the Israeli Government and there is
which proposed that hundreds of Ireland... to come and visit the Republic
very little chance of it doing so as it is a of Ireland in 1985. The question of
thousands of Palestinians would be
[puppet] of the Syrians. I am helping the diplomatic relations between the two
moved." (11 Sept.)
Lebanese state because I look after its countries, and the extension of them is
5' MUSTAFA TALAS (Syrian Minister of institutions in south Lebanon and I am something that I know is on the agenda,
>
_
Up Defense): "We are convinced that Israel ready to take in Lebanese Army soldiers and there is clear commitment from
has nuclear weapons. The Americans who want to join my army after resign- both sides to improve them." (31
have made the Israelis' access to them ing." (7 Sept.) August)
easy. They are cooperating very closely
with Israel in nuclear technology. If SHIMON PERES (Prime Minister of KENNETH L. ADELMAN, (director
Israel): "Israel was so lucky in finding of the Arms Control and Disarmament
Israel uses nuclear weapons, it alone will
in the United States so much sympathy. Agency): "It is remarkable to recall that
be responsible. For such an event, the
Israel is probably the only country on in each year from 1975 to 1980, armies
Soviet Union has given us a guarantee
the earth where, despite the fact that the largely supplied by Moscow or Soviet
that it will let us have nuclear weapons
United States has helped us, we have re- forces invaded or seized control of a dif-
with which we can reply to such a
mained pro-US." (16 Sept.) ferent country: South Vietnam in 1975,
destructive strike...We, not the Rus-
sians, will repulse the Israelis. We would FELIPE GONZALEZ (Prime Minister Angola in 1975-76, Ethiopia in 1977,
even risk our lives to gain possession of of Spain): "Our aim to establish Cambodia in 1978 and Afghanistan in
some nuclear weapons with which we diplomatic relations with Israel is clear 1979.
could reach Israel." (10 Sept.) and unequivocal. We will do this in the Nothing on the scale of these crises
not-too-distant future even if to date we has happened over the past three years.
DR. BUTRUS CHALI (Egyptian have not fixed the exact timing. Our This is all to the good, not only for
Minister of State for Foreign Affairs): position is that we want normalization those around the globe spared the im-
"We have some demands from [sic] position of totalitarianism, but also
and, among other things, this means
g
-,
_.^
tO
Israel: that it pulls out its forces from
Lebanon and that it adopts measures to
complete diplomatic relations. Let me
remind you that the government which I
because greater regional stability
diminishes the chances of US-Soviet
build a bridge of understanding in the conflict.
head is the first Spanish Government to
West Bank and the Gaza Strip, making The Soviets have, since 1981, en-
o
cQ o treat this subject seriously." (31
the Palestinian people feel that their August) countered resistance. This is the in-
(5C situation has slightly improved after so evitable product of their own actions.
many years of occupation. We also de- RAUIRI QUINN (Irish Minister of At the same time, American strength
mand that negotiations begin on the Labor): "...1 am the minister of labor and leadership have been restored."
question of the Tabah area. If these and employment in my own country, (Sept)
