Infrastructure for the high-tech Intelligent Society

■■□■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■□□□ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■□□■■■□■■■■■■■■■■■■■□□□□□■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■□□□□□□■■■■■□□□■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■□□□■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■□□□□□■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■□■■■ Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■□■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■□■■■■■■■■■■■■■□■■■■■■■■■■■□□ Infrastructure for □□□■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■□■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ the high-tech Intelligent Society ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■□■■■■■■□■■■■■■■□□■□□□□■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ USN Field Tests Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) Infrastructure for the high-tech Intelligent Society USN Field Tests Drinking Water Quality Monitoring System Spotter of untraceable water contamination. Bridge Safety Monitoring System 03 Providing a touchstone to prevent large scale national disasters Meteorological/Oceanographic Monitoring System 09 Contribution to quality improvement of Meteorological/Oceanographic forecasting City Infrastructure Monitoring System 017 025 033 ‘Fresh start’ for intelligent city management Cultural Heritage Management System Safeguard of a nation with a history of 5,000 years USN Field Tests Details D s r n va i u a p i t o s r i i cove i g r o s p l ca i n e v ces based on USN USN is the core technology of the Ubiquitous Society in future, which is expected to evolve rapidly with further development of the USN which is in line with the characteristics of the Ubiquitous environment; ‘access any time, at all times,’ ‘broadband’ and ‘networking all devices.’ USN industry will not only act as a lever for the nation’s future growth engine, it also plays the role of a core infrastructure for the realization of the Ubiquitous Society by rolling out to and combining the related industries and the u-Life of individuals. To roll out USN to our everyday life rapidly, it is necessary to discover and verify diverse services that can apply the USN technology. Starting from 2005, the Ministry of Information and Communication and the National Information Society Agency have conducted the ‘USN field test’ to discover diverse service models that can apply the USN technology. A test was conducted to apply the technology to the field and to verify whether it was applicable. USN field test pursued a total of nine projects up to date starting from 2005. In 2005, the field test was conducted for four projects; u-Marine, u-Construction, u-Hospital and u-Agricultural projects. In 2006, a total of five projects were selected for field testing and to complete the field installation until September 2006, and pilot project was conducted until March 2007 to identify the various management issues related to its development and operation. Current status of the USN field testing projects, implementer-companies and the ‘client’ institutions as of 2006 is as follows. Project name Drinking Water Quality Monitoring System Bridge Safety Monitoring System Meteorological/Oceanographic Monitoring System City Infrastructure Monitoring System Cultural Heritage Management System Project contractor / Beneficiary Hyundai Information Technology consortium/ Injae County Office KMI consortium / Busan KT Future Technology consortium / Korean Metrological Administration, National Marine Researcher KT consortium / Office of Incheon Free Economic Zone Samsung S1 consortium / Bulguksa Temple USN Field Tests Details Korea’s first pilot project verified the potential of applying the technology to a wide variety of service models. This project was significant as it verified USN application in diverse environments In particular, the sensor network at early stage of technology development was applied to diverse areas to verify technological, commercial and economical feasibility, which was the turning point for verifying the potential of USN as a core infrastructure of the Ubiquitous Society in the future. The test was significant because the feasibility of the future Ubiquitous service was recognized by the government and the public. They realized the need to continue pursuing the increasingly new and diverse applications of the u-IT technology in the actual field while verifying the possibility of its application all throughout. USN Field Tests Drinking Water Quality Monitoring System Spotter of untraceable water contamination. 01 In the existing river management system, each personnel had to visit a river personally to collect data for any change in temperature and to study the possibility of contamination. However, this approach was limited as all sorts of wastes might flow into a river during poor climate such as rainy day and so forth, and thus it made the understanding of the situation and the analysis of root causes in the case of accident extremely challenging. The Ministry of Information and Communication and the National Information Society Agency have identified the potential solution for these problems by developing the ‘Drinking Water Quality Monitoring System’ in 2006 as a part of the USN field test and research project. Wireless network was leveraged to collect information on water contamination of the upper stream of Soyang River on a real-time basis to protect the source of drinking water and to manage the potential water contamination steadily. Not long ago, this brook was considerably contaminated, it smelled horrible, and fishes could barely inhabit it. Now, the irresponsible people who contaminated the brook by disposing waste were all gone. Today, the brook is very clean. These days, as soon as contamination of any sort is detected in the brook, the system will trigger a warning buzz and it can trace when and �rom where the contamination occurs. Thanks to this system, it is now possible to monitor the brook on a real-time basis. What? Then, does that mean that the system would know that I urinated into the brook yesterday? December 2005 - Perished fish surfaced at the entire 40km long area of the Inbukcheon at the upper stream of the Soyang River, which was the origin of a clean Gangwon. Worse still, mandarin fish, Coreoperca herzi, salmon trout and thousands of other fishes that inhabited the Class 1 section had perished, and they were rotted at the bottom of the river. Scene1 Scene2 July 2008 - The president and the employee responsible for the unlawful disposal of waste were arrested by the police last night amidst the heavy rain. The police investigation proved that they took opportunity of the heavy rainy season to dispose waste from plants and all sorts of wastes into the Han River. Up until today, it is difficult to identify the cause of contamination which causes fishes extermination due to the waste water that was disposed into the river The introduction of USN based water quality monitoring system in all the rivers nationwide will enable the tracking of specific locations where the contamination originates, which in turn enables the system to detect the responsible party for the disposal of waste water. Police foresees that the unlawful disposal of waste water by the plants can be avoided after its implementation. 04 Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) Project Summary Project name Project management entity Project contractor & Beneficiary Period and budget Abstract Drinking Water Quality Monitoring System National Information Society Agency Hyundai Information Technology consortium / Injae County Office May to Dec 2006 / 120 million won (self-reliance120 million won) Ammonium, dissolved oxygen, temperature sensor and so forth are leveraged to monitor the potential river contamination on a real-time basis to ensure the quality of drinking water. Accordingly, accident in relation to the contamination of the source of drinking water is detected in advance, and proper measures can be taken to ensure the safety of the source of drinking water. Inbuk River, Injae County, Gangwon Province Project subject River contamination with no traceable root causes Mankind faces serious threat due to environmental related disaster that occurs frequently throughout the world. Korea is no exception. The extent of the damage incurred is becoming even greater due to tens of years of contamination in the past. Water contamination case which is one of the environmental related disasters in Korea has become increasingly severe after the Nakdong River phenol contamination case in 1991. The Nakdong River phenol contamination case shocked the public and scared the residents who relied on the Nakdong River as the main source of drinking water as 30 Ton of phenol crude liquid from the storage tank of Doosan Electronics’ plants in Gumi industrial complex flew into the Nakdong River. To prevent similar accidents from happening again, the government forced Doosan Electronics who was at fault to stop its operation, and took strict measures such as compelling it to reinforce its facilities, install remote surveillance equipment and automatic warning device etc. However, only marginal number of river contamination cases was detected. Many irresponsible parties took advantage of flood or nighttime to dispose waste. Accurate assessment of the situation and detection at the time of the occurrence was challenging because river water flows incessantly. Extermination of the fish in the Soyang River in Gwangwon Province, which used to be known as a clean area until then, was a typical example. Besides turning into the ‘river of death’ where numerous perished fishes surfaced to the top of the river, all along the 40km of Inbukcheon, thousands of Class 1 fish such as mandarin fish, Coreoperca herzi, salmon trout and others perished and rotted at the bottom of the river. In this case, the root cause was unable to be traced, and there were many obstacles throughout the investigation. That is why real-time detection and management of water contamination at the clean areas are critical. Urgent need to continuously detect and monitor potential contamination Agricultural and livestock industries flourish around the area of Inbukcheon, contamination occurred due to the use of fertilizers which contains ammonia, nitrates, nitrite, phosphate and etc which were considered necessary for the plantation. At times, water disposed by households in this area and the water containing fertilizer that flows from the farm into the river or lake have caused the proliferation of plankton, which then contaminated the water. In this situation, the color of water turns dark red, and it has a rotting smell. This phenomenon which results from excessive nutrient in the water is known as the eutrophication phenomenon. Ammonium ion is an important element among all the other elements that determines the quality of water. The dissolved oxygen that is mixed in the water is also another important element. The level of dissolved oxygen found in the clean water of the upper stream of the river was almost Infrastructure for the high-tech intelligent society USN-Field Tests 05 near saturation. However, the amount decreases incrementally due to water contamination which caused by the disposal from households and plants, and other rotten materials. The greater the amount of dissolved oxygen, the better the water quality. That is why the amount of dissolved oxygen and ammonium ion must be measured in water quality management. Overcoming limitations of underwater sensor node installation ‘Drinking water quality monitoring system field test, started in May 2006 has caught the attention of the public as it was developed for the contamination incident in Inbukcheon. This project started by dividing the area into; Yangji Bridge section of the Inbuk River, Injae County, Gangwon Province into Cluster A, and Pungjeon Bridge and Gumi Bridge sections as Cluster B. Cluster A is the boundary that enables identification of current status of water contamination towards the Cheondo Bridge direction, and Cluster B is limited to study current status of water contamination between Pungjeon Bridge and Gumi Bridge. Relay node was installed so that data can be transmitted from the sensor node, installed at each cluster. One CDMA node was installed for each cluster. In each sensor node, one ammonium ion sensor, sensor which determine the amount of dissolved oxygen, Ph (density of hydrogen ion) sensor, conductivity sensor and temperature sensor were installed each. Web camera was installed for the real-time monitoring of the installation location, enabling the system to cover the entire Inbukcheon area. Rapid counter-measuring is the ‘short cut’ to prevent environmental pollution The issue of power issue was most problematic in the field testing process. Sensor node, installed at the river must handle the power issue due to low power consumption and since the environment itself did not supply power. Therefore, consumption of power by sensor node and sensor had to be calculated on a theoretical Composition diagram of Drinking Water Quality Monitoring System Source of drinking water Pungjeon Bridge ClusterB - Zigbee sensor - Measurement of water contamination level - Data collection CCTV Field where system is installed Injae County’s Environment Department CDMA Comm. Gumi Bridge Bridge for Millitary Transmit ammonium, temperature, DO, PH sensing data with 30 minute cycle ClusterA LAN Network Soyang River Water contamination monitoring Field for the source of drinking water Sensor node system using water quality real-time water quality sensing information measurement data CDMA Sensor node Sensing categories: ammonium ion, Transmission node for Hop temperature, DO, PH Water contamination management server National Gangwon Information Provincial Society Agency Office Water quality monitoring system for the USN based management of the source of drinking Install sensors for the measurement of ammonium ion, temperature, dissolved oxygen and so forth onto the water concept diagram bridge to monitor river contamination possibility on a real-time basis to prevent accidents that may contaminate the source of drinking water and to take necessary measure to enable safe source of drinking water. 06 Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) level for application. However, answers obtained resonate well only on the theoretical level. In the reality, a completely different result might surface. In theory, for example, absorbing solar heat for one hour in a focused manner would generate power that last for 48 hours, but there might be instances in which power cannot be supplied properly in Korea due to cloudy days or rainy weather. Accordingly, two methods - wind velocity generation method and solar heat collecting method - have emerged as alternatives for self-generation. After assessing that there would be many instances in which battery buffing was not possible, each independent self-generation was to be used along with solar heat collector and wind velocity generator. During the field test, another test that enabled communication from the location where installation was relatively easy, instead of the location that was at the vicinity of the river was conducted. However, for the commercialization of technology to the entire river it should able to communicate from approximately 1km distance. Therefore in order to enable the long distance communication, it was basically necessary to secure maximum communication distance when it comes to the sensor node. If the limitation of the recognizable distance was reached and concluded, it was possible to secure an alternative to the distance by applying the method of installing at different points along the way in regular intervals as if crossing a stepping stones. Another sensor node related problem was that the damage was likely to result from natural phenomenon. However, application to the actual field demonstrated that artificial damage and robbery of the sensor node occurred more frequently. Therefore an alternative was developed to recuperate the sensor node by using GPS to locate the location of damage and loss. Possibility of expansion into chronic contamination region Many new learning were gained from the drinking water quality monitoring system field test conducted in Inbukcheon, Gangwon Province. Considering that the residents of the capital/ urban area might be exposed to contamination of drinking water any time, the biggest achievement was it proved that the USN system was a viable alternative which can prevent severe damage caused by water contamination. By leveraging USN to collect information on water quality, it was possible to check for water contamination on a real-time basis and to lay down the system for preventing mass extermination of fishes and other calamities in advance. Results of the field test to be conducted at a later date may enjoy additional benefits such as dwindling the damage of water contamination, manage animals and plants that inhabit in water, manage water resource of the autonomous regional entities, and consolidate the clean image of the autonomous regional entities when the test is rolled out to the chronically contaminated areas by monitoring the environment pollution on a real-time basis. Another major achievement was the turning point which increased the awareness of the Gangwon Provincial Office and Injae County Office that oversaw the key regions with the source of drinking water in the capital/urban areas that the real-time measurement, collection and management of the rivers to ensure the water quality. Inbuk River, Injae County, Gangwon Province can now obtains information on water contamination on a real-time basis due to the development of the drinking water quality monitoring system. Infrastructure for the high-tech intelligent society USN-Field Tests 07 Learn about RFID/USN through questions Drinking Water Quality Monitoring System Accident Affecting the Source of Drinking Water - “End of Worries” with USN Technology Oh, Seo Taek / Assistant Manager, Hyundai Information Technology consortium Why was the field test conducted at the Soyang River, Inbukcheon? The fish extermination case that took place in Soyang River, Inbukcheon remained as an unsolved mystery until today as the root causes were still unknown. This project started with the aim of leveraging the state-of-the-art USN technology to identify the root causes of the contamination on the sources of drinking water that might otherwise end up undisclosed. In the field test for the drinking water quality monitoring system, sensors that could detect ammonium ion, dissolved oxygen amount, and temperature on the Pungjeon Bridge, Yangji Bridge Gumi Bridge that are located underneath the Inbukcheon, and all sorts of data that were detected through the sensors were then being sent to the water contamination management server in Injae County’s Environment Department every 10 minute. The system notified the personnel in charge immediately once any abnormalities were detected. The project was completed in December last year. Please tell us about the performance of the project. Until then, Injae County, Gangwon Province carried out inspection of water quality using the old method whereby water from the Soyang River was collected every three months for water quality inspection and was being delivered to the personnel in charge of data classification in Gangwon Provincial Office. However, the results of the analysis took 15 days to come out, and it was not sure what could happen in Soyang River, which is 1class. On the other hand, the field test which uses an automatic real-time monitoring system was time saving and it reduced the wastage of manpower. However, more time is needed to verify the reliability of the data obtained from the sensor. Sensor and other related equipments were installed until September of last year. Since then, the amount of data collected was not significant enough. Thus, we are still continued to accumulate data on water contamination gradually. In addition to this, we are also comparing these data against the data obtained from the existing water contamination inspection method. This work is expected to continue until mid 2007. Were there any difficulties in conducting the field test? Sensor had to be placed underwater due to the need to measure water contamination level. There were times when some alien substances in water got stuck on the sensors. We are currently in the mid of developing solution to this since this issue is directly connected to the data error. What was the reaction of the residents regarding field test? The residents welcome the test with open arms. They wanted to find out the root causes of the Inbukcheon fishes extermination case as well. Once we verify that the data is reliable, this is a project that offers high utility value to other autonomous regional entities in addition to Gangwon Provincial Office. 08 Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) USN Field Tests Bridge Safety Monitoring System Providing a touchstone to prevent large scale national disasters 02 Ten years ago, a tragic accident shocked the nation. Many casualties resulted when the Seong Su Bridge collapsed during the early commute hours. This was evermore shocking since this accident could have been avoided if constant check-up of the bridge had being carried out to detect the risk of accident in advance. In this respect, ‘Bridge Safety Monitoring System’ project, spearheaded by the Ministry of Information and Communication and the National Information Society Agency has caught the attention of the public as it allows monitoring and management of basic infrastructure in the society. Once this system is rolled out to all the existing bridges, diverse services will be available as it enables history management for the bridge structures in addition to accumulating information on the bridges. In other words, it prevents large scale calamities and enables post management as well. Assistant Manager Kim, did you review the corrosion level of the Han River Bridge? Yes. The inspection showed that the corrosion level has increased considerably. Last winter, too much calcium chloride must have been spread on the bridge. Yes perhaps, in fact, didn� it snow considerably back then? Tomorrow, we will have to start removing calcium chloride and spraying antioxidant. Yes, we have to act on it immediately for safety sake ~! CC2 al On October 21, 1994, 7:40AM, slab at the mid section of the Seong Su Bridge fell off, taking one bus, four cars and one commercial vehicle with it, for a total of six vehicles. This large scale accident resulted in 32 dead and 17 injured - an immense human loss. The press and the media covered this incident every day as the top story, everyone pointing out to the responsible parties’ lack of awareness for risk management. Scene1 On October 2020, all the family members are seated in front of the TV at 9pm after they finish their dinner. Their eyes and ears are focused on the news of the accidents that took place on that particular day. “The City Council of the Seoul Metropolitan Area discovered that the lifetime of the 00Bridge expires soon as a result of the bridge safety monitoring system’ continual data measurement effort. Therefore, part of s the traffic was dispersed to other bridges to reduce the burden on the bridge. Meanwhile, pier will be erected at the location where the bridge stands today, and the City Council passed the budget for the construction of a new bridge.” Scene2 Following this comment by the announcer, the news continued, with the reporter pointing out the problems of the bridge, one by one, while standing in front of the bridge. In the same TV screen, the screen of the USN technology applied bridge safety monitoring and analyzed data are showing. USN is certainly playing a major role in preventing calamity that otherwise could have resulted in large scale accident with many casualties. 010 Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) Project Summary Project name Project management entity Project contractor & Beneficiary Period and budget Abstract Bridge Safety Monitoring System National Information Society Agency KMI consortium / Busan May to Dec 2006 / 120 million won (self-reliance 120 million won) Continually monitor the state of bridge, prevents large scale accident by measuring lifetime of the bridges and by analyzing safety level, and produces data used to calculate the remaining lifetime of the bridges Gupo Bridge in Busan Project subject While observing the tragic ‘Seong Su Bridge’ accident On October 21, 1994, 7:40am, emergency news, so unreal that it may very well be from a film or cartoon, came out on the TV. Bus and vehicles had fallen off a bridge of the Han River during the early commute hours. upper side bridge at the mid section of the Seong Su Bridge fell off, taking one bus, four cars and one commercial vehicle with it, for a total of six vehicles. This large scale accident resulted in 32 dead and 17 injured - an immense human loss. While the government was focused on disclosing the root causes of the Seong Su Bridge accident, it immediately started emergency inspection of all bridges at the Han River. In other words, the government was trying to fix the cattle pen after losing a cow. The Seong Su Bridge accident was later traced back to poor welding. The evidence provided was that the severed section of the bridge was the part that welded. When steels are welded together, the welded part tends to become significantly stronger compared to the before welding state. Therefore, if the root cause is the crevice resulting from the load, the parts immediately above or below the welded part should have been severed. Moreover, the investigation showed that the collapsed Seong Su Bridge was also caused by the corrosion of the bridge caused by 8 Ton calcium chloride spread on the bridge during every winter to clear away the snow. Although there are many potential reasons that a bridge may fall, this was an accident that proved the need to engage in continual management through periodical check-up, which is equally as important as bridge construction. Infrastructure for the high-tech intelligent society USN-Field Tests 011 Securing bridge safety is the ‘short cut’ of calamity prevention All bridges at the Han River are jammed almost every day as countless many vehicles crossed them every day, as well as the subway system. In addition, the number of the pedestrians who cross these bridges is significant to the point that counting is virtually impossible. After the Seong Su Bridge tragedy, people cannot help, asking ‘is this bridge safe?’, ‘when was the most recent safety inspection carried out?’, and ‘what if...’ However, they can be assured of the safety once they find out about the USN which is undergoing field test on the Busan’s Gupo Bridge. ‘Bridge Safety Monitoring System’ enables immediate identification of the bridge’s safety state and detection of the areas that require repair thanks to all sorts of sensors installed on the Gupo Bridge. Today, data analysis is somewhat challenging due to the lack of data on the maintenance and management of concrete structures, but this issue will get resolved naturally once data accumulates for a long time. Difficulties in systematized management of bridges Among the infrastructures in a society, large engineered construction structures deserve foremost attention in terms of safety. Needless to mention that accurate and precise design and construction are required from the very beginning, continual and detail oriented follow up management is also critical. However, the domestic construction policy up until now was mostly focused on the completion of the structures, more so than the maintenance and follow up management. Amidst this situation, tragic accidents such as the collapse of the Seong Su Bridge and the Sampoong Department Store sent out a warning signal to the people. These incidents demonstrated that the collapse of the bridges, buildings, and foundations are not merely limited to the construction itself, but also an issue of maintenance and management as well. This awareness soon spread out to the entire society instead of among the technical experts. The government’s efforts such as development of maintenance and management system for key structures after the enactment of the [Special Law on the Safety Infrastructure Management] in Composition diagram of Bridge Safety Monitoring System LED billboard Acceleration and distortion factor sensing USN Maintenance and management (CDMA) DB Server Real-time bridge movement Data transmission (CDMA) Sensors for the measurement of acceleration (vibration), distortion factor, wind direction, wind speed, and distance are attached at the Gupo Bridge in Busan to monitor bridge safety information on a real-time basis, and to collect field data, accumulated through the sensor to analyze bridge’s lifetime and safety in greater detail by aggregating the data on the structure management system. 012 Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) January, 1995, and involvement in diverse researches on maintenance and management and continual effort to develop system are only natural. Accordingly, monitoring system for most of the bridges in Korea is available, monitoring at all times through wired means. However, the system is not yet an integrated bridge management system although it is developed and under operation today. The functions are elementary at best. ‘Stop’ monitoring, focused on post management Bridge safety monitoring refers to the system that automatically, sequentially and objectively monitors and manages structures while observing structures’ state and damage, if any. In the advanced nations, monitoring on the change in function for the individual supplementary material and structure is conducted continually from the initial stage of construction depending on the structure format, size and importance of the bridge. Periodical check-up and repair are conducted by using maintenance and management program. However, Korea does not yet have the regulation on the maintenance, management and inspection of bridge and steel bridge. In addition to the absence of mathematical modeling on the viability of concrete bridge following history in terms of time lapse, factors for damage and progress of the state, technical data on safety diagnosis is not sufficient, which makes structured maintenance and management difficult. Moreover, developed monitoring methods are focused more on monitoring for post management than prevention. This is evident as focus on the development of monitoring system for reinforcing damage to structure during use, installation of measurement monitoring system of the bridge to repair change in structure caused during construction due to accident, and development of maintenance and management system that helps to identify the level of damage to the bridge and to forecast behavior. Experts cite safety, precision and utility are the most basic conditions needed for the measurement system that is installed on structures. Measurement device should not be influenced by external factors during measurement when it comes to safety, and measurement value should not be affected by other electronic factors except for change in structures’ characteristics. Precision should have the capacity and sensitivity for sufficiently measuring the physical amount that the measurement device wants to measure and the Data Acquisition System (DAS) that collects the data should have resolution of the same level, and there should be no loss during data transmission. As for utility, user should be able to use the measurement system with ease, results of the measurement should be easily accessible for use, and needs to have the function that automatically recognizes data value and activate the warning, if necessary. Among these conditions, identification of safety is the most challenging. Gupo Bridge’s Sink node Gupo Bridge’s Sensor node Infrastructure for the high-tech intelligent society USN-Field Tests 013 Installation of numerous sensors during the installation of measurement system to identify the safety of structures increases the number of data that can be secured, but there are many difficulties in the installation and operation of bridge safety monitoring system given that it does not necessarily translate into management efficiency. Sensor, attached on the bridge, is important equipment that directly measures viability of the present state and delivers results. Accordingly, sensor’s accuracy level is bound to influence measurement significantly. In the case of Gupo Bridge Project, specs of each sensor and device ease of installation and use and functions were considered for selection as well as production company, product specs etc. Monitoring at all times with USN technology Bridge Safety Monitoring System, installed on the Gupo Bridge in Busan, includes total of 28 sensor nodes for sensing and measuring acceleration (vibration), distortion factor, wind direction, wind speed, distance and so forth. By monitoring bridge’s safety information on a real-time basis, to ensure safety management for the antiquated large scale facility, it safeguards the life of the residents and safety. Moreover, it is recognized as a system necessary for the reduction of related facilities’ management cost. Moreover, this system is significant in that it is a monitoring system for all time surveillance that combines wireless communication (Ubiquitous) computing technology of a new format. Current status of the bridge and monitoring at all times are now possible to ensure safe use of bridge infrastructures and quality increase. The foremost advantage of the all time monitoring system that applies wireless communication sensor technology is the development of solution for the piping issue. Adding on new pipes to the entire or parts of large scale structures once they are developed is very difficult because significant additional cost and separate space for installation are required. For the cases whereby installation of additional sensor is required at a specific section of a large scale structure due to a problem, sensor module installation is all that it takes for the wireless system, but wired is a different story. In the case of the Gupo Bridge, wireless communication sensor system offers many advantages such as reduction of construction period, and decrease in the installation and operation costs compared to the existing wired sensor system. Moreover, synergy effect in the domestic industry is secured by adopting world’s best communication technology for commercialization. In addition, experts commend the system for its potential to replace products otherwise imported from overseas. Bridge safety monitoring system helped to verify the technical and business viability of the measure that entails monitoring safety level of the bridge on a real-time basis. While transmitting data on the state of the bridge on a real-time basis, the door is now open to manage the bridge safely by continuing to build the DB for sensing information through continual accumulation and analysis. Complete view of the Gupo Bridge USN system installation field Installation of sensor for wind direction wind speed detection 014 Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) Learn about RFID/USN through questions Bridge Safety Monitoring System Taking the first step towards becoming the nation with structured crisis management system Park, Hyung Seo / Manager, KMI consortium What do you think is the reason that the application of USN technology to the bridge safety monitoring area is critical? Sense of safety aware is increasing after the collapse of Seong Su Bridge and Sampoong Department Store. It is true that measurement on the question of satisfying the temperature related conditions on the specs when it comes to the heat of hydration of the concrete after conducting measurement at the time of construction was conducted. However, this was a one time endeavor. Since then, the nation is measuring data on the bridges and buildings, which are national infrastructures via control center. However, maintenance and management are difficult because many construction processes are required for optic cable wiring. Thus, cost is considerably high. USN based field test can overcome these shortcomings. What is the meaning of this project? The project is meaningful since valid data can be obtained from the bridge on a real-time basis. Moreover, management conducted with wired bridge system in the past can be realized on wireless today with utmost impeccability. There were many technological obstacles in this project. Sending data in 16 bits by splitting the data to send 60 times in one second to measure the effect of fast moving cars on the bridge was not easy. The bridge needs to identify the characteristics of the movement through acceleration sensor, and needs to measure distortion factor to study how plate is distorted or elongated. Moreover, we measured temperature, wind direction, wind speed and so forth in 10 second intervals. Of course, data interpretation may take more time, but this project is a success form the technological completeness point of view. Infrastructure for the high-tech intelligent society USN-Field Tests 015 What was difficult about processing the field test, if any? It is true that there were some errors and trials during the project since we started the project, looking merely at the possibility and the potential of the USN technology. During the field testing process, we made many visits to the police, National Emergency Management, KT and similar public institutions to ask for cooperation while conducting system installation and testing, especially because a bridge is a SOC. ‘Change in awareness’ is needed so that system users too place value on the possibility of using this innovative technology to move to a more generational direction, and to actively accommodate the move. What is the future plan? Although the system started out to monitor for bridge safety, this system may be used for surge or rain as a part of the comprehensive crisis management program in the near future. As USN management center plays the role of integrated control center, it will prevent accidents by providing wintertime, freezing and inundation related information to the people through bridge, tunnel, mountain and partitioned land monitoring. Bridge safety information, measured with sensor node is shown on billboard 016 Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) USN Field Tests Meteorological/Oceanographic Monitoring System Contribution to quality improvement of Meteorological/Oceanographic forecasting 03 Weather and marine observation system is a facility needed for minimizing damage caused by abnormal weather phenomenon that occurs in the nature. We hear about this type of weather and marine observation information at least a couple of times in our everyday life, and there are instances in which companies apply the weather forecast system to all types of marketing activities. The Ministry of Information and Communication and the National Information Society Agency conducted ‘Meteorological/Oceanographic Monitoring System’ field test project as a measure to increase the accuracy of weather forecast, improving existing antiquated weather and marine observation network with USN. Likewise, the foundation was laid down to reinforce weather information service for the greater public by improving the quality of weather forecast while executing effective weather observation. Dns ~ o gu ! Let�wrapup fishing and go hm! o e Why? What� up? Shortly after, considerable waves are expected from far away sea... How do you know that? The sea is so calm? I checked the results of the weather observation system with my mobile p o e. h n .. Really? Yes, we should definitely take off. Let�go~ December 2004. The earthquake that took place at the western section of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island, wiped off approximately 20m of 1,200km long fault. Although the gravity of the earthquake itself shocked us, what shocked us even more if when this earthquake, largest ever in 40 year lifted up the sea level to cause tsunami that swept off the entire Indian Ocean area, ending in the death or disappearance of 230,000 people from 13 nations. Indonesia was hit the hardest, and over 160,000 in the Aceh, situated at the northern end of Sumatra alone died or disappeared. Scene1 August 2008. gust was created suddenly, but what swept off the seashore was also sudden. crisis prevention system made in preparation for typhoon may not be damaged by gust, but this the gust is detrimental for the people who are paragliding at the sea or enjoying the sea bath without any measures, that is if they cannot be evacuated as today. In the past, forecasting gust was nearly impossible. However, the unmanned wireless observation systems spread out in different parts of the Busan now notify information to the weather observation center immediately. Thus, the moment gust is created to the moment it moves, it is possible to assess the situation immediately. Now, taking a refuge from gust is not even an issue. Scene2 018 Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) Project Summary Project name Project management entity Project contractor & Beneficiary Period and budget Abstract Meteorological/Oceanographic Monitoring System National Information Society Agency KT Future Technology Laboratory consortium / Korea Meteorological Administration, National Oceanographic Research Institute June to November 2006 / 120 million won (self-reliance120 million won) Monitor weather information by installing diverse weather sensors and sensor nodes for the realtime weather information collection including temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind direction, amount of rainfall and so forth at the Seongsan region of the Jaeju Island Seongsan region of the Jaeju Island Project subject Minimize damage by ‘accurate forecast’ of unforeseeable natural phenomenon Abnormal weather phenomenon caused by earth warming, atmospheric pollution is not a thing of the day or two. As unprecedented natural calamity occurs, which result in massive human and property loss, the entire world is agonizing over solution measures. Although abnormal natural phenomenon cannot be stopped at once, it is the role of the human beings to minimize damage. We live our everyday while listening to the weather and marine observation information, many times a day on the sky wave, Internet, newspaper and so forth. And there are many people who work depends on the weather. These days, companies are going as far as applying weather forecast system to all types of marketing. These are why the role of weather and marine observation system are becoming increasingly more important. However, existing wire based weather and marine observation system is antiquated and thus problems such as inefficient management and installation difficulty. Meteorological/Oceanographic monitoring system field test is worthy of the attention that it gets as it demonstrated the possibility of increasing accuracy of the observation system, developed with existing wire network developing into USN based wireless system. Materialization of IPv6 based USN (Seongsan Observation Center) Infrastructure for the high-tech intelligent society USN-Field Tests 019 ‘Focus’ on USN technology for effective installation and maintenance/repair The National Oceanographic Research Institute continued to observe by installing sensors for diverse purposes to observe and measure oceanic current, tidal current, tide and so forth. However, it needs network infra for observation and network of sensors to play out its role as a national marine observation institution. As such, it is necessary to integrate observation on a real-time basis. The Korea Meteorological Administration’s weather observation network is comprised of the Automatic Weather System (AWS), composed of weather observation sensors, and Local Acquisition Unit (LAU) that collects weather observation information to one place from the AWS. 2400bps modem is used to carry on the wire’s serial communication. However, equipment maintenance/repair and management is difficult since serial communication equipment is now disconnected. Moreover, because it is wire based, it is difficult to install AWS, sensors for observation, in the locations where wiring is difficult such as mountainous and marine areas. In the case of the system that uses existing AWS, it uses a USN Weather Sensor method whereby the data collected by connecting various weather sensors onto one AWS communication device is used. This method can collect and transmit diverse set from one location. In the case of weather information, Composition diagram of Meteorological/Oceanographic Monitoring System All-IP based USN control system Weather observation (temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind direction, wind speed etc.) 6lowpan sensor Observation data user Use of weather/marine observation data via access to IPv4 Observation network operator Weather/marine observation network operation and management via access to IPv4/IPv6 IPv6 backbone observation (tide, salinity, water temperature, tidal current, tide etc.) Marine Weather forecasting service IPv4 backbone Korea Meteorological Administration DB real-time Seashore/mari ne information service National Oceanographic Research Institute DB Weather/marine information observation Observe weather/marine information with 6lowpan sensor and transmit with 6lowpan G/W Weather/marine information transmission and collection Weather/marine observation information transmission and collection via Wireless Mesh Network Observation data user Use of weather/marine observation data via access to IPv6 Diverse weather sensors and sensor nodes are installed at the three regions of the Seongsan region of the Jeju Island to collect real-time weather information on the temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind direction, amount of rainfall and so forth, to monitor weather information via wireless to enable effective weather observation. 020 Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) however, data collected in one location alone is not sufficiently credible. Another problem is that it is not easy to verify when there is an error to the sensor connected to one AWS. Even when partial, specific regional change is not collected correctly, there is no way of knowing or controlling. Upgraded weather marine information service Sensor for amount of rainfall that measures the amount of rain by collecting rain USN technology is the optimal alternative for addressing these weather and marine observation network related problems. The Ministry of Information and Communication and the National Information Society Agency, cooperated with the Korea Meteorological Administration, National Oceanographic Research Institute, and KT’s Future Technology Research Center to unfold meteorological/oceanographic monitoring system field test project, and developed multi-location weather and marine observation testing network that leverages IPv6 based USN technology at some parts of the Korea Meteorological Administration’s weather and marine observation network along with National Oceanographic Research Institute that conducts periodical weather observation and marine observation. Likewise, field test got a refreshing start. The field test installed diverse weather sensors and sensor nodes at the three regions of the Seongsan region of the Jeju Island to collect real-time weather information on temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind direction, amount of rainfall and so forth while separate system is built into the existing AWS to measure data at the same time, paying attention to securing data reliability. Improve service for the greater public with accurate weather forecast The 2006 project catches attention in that is the world’s first application of IPv6 based IP-USN to a large scale field. By developing weather observation system that uses IP-USN, it is possible to collect increasingly diverse information compared to the system that uses AWS. Moreover, the value of individual sensor nodes may be used in diverse ways since management of each sensor node is possible with the use of IP. In particular, weather observation system that uses IP-USN is installed at various places of a specific region instead of one location as in the case of AWS for data collection. Thus, this system is a viable Seongsan Observation Center, with meteorological/oceanographic monitoring system installation Infrastructure for the high-tech intelligent society USN-Field Tests 021 alternative. Because weather information is collected from greater land mass instead of one location, it is possible to collect other weather information within the region. Unlike AWS that collects data from one location, it is possible to increase the accuracy of weather data. In the AWS weather and marine observation system, there was no data to compare with, even when wrong weather information was collected. However, USN weather and marine observation system has data for comparison, and thus accurate forecast is enabled after discerning wrong weather information. Possibility of weather marine observation data exchange between public institutions Moreover, weather and marine observation service can be provided as a service model that can apply USN since the National Oceanographic Research Institute and the Korea Meteorological Administration, which are public institutions developed pilot project for the WMN (Wireless Mesh Network) based on the use of USN at the islands and marine areas where the existing network infra cannot be expanded into. Through this, collection of accurate real-time weather and marine information is now possible. Accordingly, they laid down the basis for offering public service and greater comfort for the greater public by providing weather and marine information service such as weather forecast to the vessels. The results of this field test project are used for the National Oceanographic Research Institute and Korea Meteorological Administration’s earth system observation network development. Moreover, they are expected to add significant value to the USN project’s new model development, project roll out and expansion. In particular, if the many public institutions that are conducting periodical field observation at the waters at the seashore and adjoining seas to secure data related to domestic marine environment are to share wireless communication network infra for the marine observation through this USN field test, data exchange between WMN installed at the Gujaeup Office institutions will be facilitated. 022 Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) Learn about RFID/USN through questions Meteorological/Oceanographic Monitoring System Confirmation of the possibility of providing accurate weather information Lee, Jae Hwa / General Manager, KT ’s future technology Laboratory consortium Characteristics of the meteorological/oceanographic monitoring system field test? Weather and marine observation system field test is the project that monitors weather information by using diverse weather sensors and sensor nodes used for real-time weather information (temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind direction, amount of rainfall and so forth) collection at the three regions of the Seongsan region of the Jeju Island. Although use of frequency applies the same, the foremost characteristic is the use of IP protocol unlike other USN field tests. This facilitates management by allocating IP address to the sensor node. Moreover, this saves system resources on the system level since uploading IP is less heavy than ZigBee communication technology. Moreover, USN network may be configured on top of this basis by composing WMN (Wireless Mesh Network) as the backbone. WMN appears to be important although from the technological aspect. What are its characteristics? WMN is the technology used in many sectors in the overseas. While existing wireless LAN requires wiring of the APs to ensure communication between access points, WMN is scalable since one wire alone is connected, and Seongsan Observation Center the remaining enables wireless communication. When the information collected by this sensor is transmitted to the AP via wireless after installing sensor at the desired location, collection of accurate weather information is enabled. Infrastructure for the high-tech intelligent society USN-Field Tests 023 What can the Korea Meteorological Administration gain from the USN field test? The Korea Meteorological Administration that needs to effectively connect and use 4,000 sensors nationwide confirmed the possibility of satisfying this need through this USN field test. Presently, the Korea Meteorological Administration is operated by installing 600 Automatic Weather System (AWS) nationwide Gujwa and wires at an interval of 15km. 11km However, there are many issues at hand since it is difficult to install individual sensors and cables at the 9km Woodo regions such as islands and far 5km away mountainous areas where 17km installation is a challenge. Moreover, large data of high quality is difficult to transmit with 11km 15km the existing cable although camera is installed at some special locations. WMN proven on the field test is innovative in the sense that it can send off information that Weather observation center amounts of many MEGA capacity. Seongsanpo Marine and tidal wave Wire based sensing data and observation center comparison testing that are Current status on the AWS installation and operation operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration to verify accuracy, reliability, stability, scalability, collection rate and others on the weather information collected through wireless sensor during the field test are all completed, and everyone is satisfied. What are the expected benefits of the USN technology in the near future? When wireless based USN technology is used with the wireless based USN technology during the weather and marine observation work, the quality of weather forecast will increase due to the improved quality of observation data. This is possible because the wireless based WMN and IP-USN technology are applied. Increased quality of forecasts can directly link to the increased quality of weather information service for the greater public. 024 Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) USN Field Tests City Infrastructure Monitoring System ‘Fresh start’ for intelligent city management 04 Although Infrastructure in the urban areas is a facility that is a must for ensuring comfortable and convenient everyday life to the urbanites, it could in fact threaten their life and safety and cause inconvenience if not managed appropriately. Until now, Korea adopted and operated individual systems to manage road surface and leakage in the waterway system. However, they are not helpful for responding rapidly to calamities and accidents, and problems such as increased cost to investment overlaps. ‘City Infrastructure Monitoring System’ pursued by the Ministry of Information and Communication and the National Information Society Agency as a USN field test research project is the system that can integrate and manage various infra facilities, which in turn is recognized for its high utility value as it enables real-time management, cost reduction and ease of scalability. Calamity Countering HQs Why worry? Just check the monitor. ManagerKim,Ihearthat the sewage system is overflowing at the ㅇㅇ neighborhood right now. I wonder whether the electricity facility is safe? What? Really? Ys ! e~ Moreover, the system even triggers warning message when there is possibility of electric leakage. So, relax and focus on the monitor. In the summer of 2001 when the rain was heavy, residents of Seoul, a large city with over 10 million populations, fell victim to the electronic shock as they were walking down the street, with their umbrellas. When the sewage system overflowed due to the pouring rain, the control system for street lights were inundated by the rain, electrocuting pedestrians. The root cause of this accident was the central drainage system that plays the role of collecting sewage water from various sewage systems to send down to processing site. Despite the fact that it plays the most basic role, it was not subjected to impeccable management. Significant investment was made to build new and expand existing sewage water processing sites since the focus was on the processing of the disposed water. However, system that transports sewage water was neglected due to the difficulty of maintenance and management. Accordingly, although there was much sewage water processing sites, large amount of sewage water and rainfall was not out-flown during heavy rain, and they were often flown out to the source of drinking water as they are. Therefore, the electric system that controls the street lights was inundated, leaking electricity to the street when the rainwater inundated the roads. Scene1 March 2008. Unexpected, out of the norm spring snow covers the entire nation. The Korea Meteorological Administration’s warning against the heavy snow is useless. The nightmare of the 2004 caused by spring snow is reminded once again. Many people had to spend the night on the highway as the control of the heavy snow that covered the entire nation in the spring was delayed. However, these are merely memories. City infrastructure monitoring system completed last year automatically measures the snow accumulated on the roads, and uses the data from the Korea Meteorological Administration such as expected amount of snow fall, amount of snow to fall, speed of road clearance work and number of vehicles on the road to calculate automatically to decide on whether to control the road or not. Korea Highway Corporation needs to merely make phone calls to each of the toll gates while seated in the office. Scene2 026 Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) Project Summary Project name Project management entity Project contractor & Beneficiary Period and budget Abstract City Infrastructure Monitoring System National Information Society Agency KT consortium / Office of Incheon Free Economic Zone May to Dec 2006 / 120 million won (self-reliance 120 million won) Prevents transportation related accidents caused by freezing and rainy season by using sensors installed on the road surface to measure temperature, humidity, pressure, water quality and so forth in order to manage road surface and leakage of sewage water, and ensures monitoring and management of sewage water leakage on a real-time basis Incheon Free Economic Zone No. 2 at Songdo, Incheon Project subject Facility for ensuring comfort life for the citizens is useless? Infrastructure in the urban areas refers to the set of facilities that supply necessities of the city life such as road, electricity, phone, housing, sewage water and so forth. All facilities are essential to ensure comfortable and convenient life. However, if and when they are managed inappropriately, they can cause inconvenience and even threaten life and safety. Calamities and accidents such as the collapse of the Seong Su Bridge, tragic subway incident in Daegu, accident involving 40 vehicles on the Seohae Bridge show how important it is to manage infrastructure correctly. However, existing Infrastructure in the urban areas control system uses sensors based on wiring method, which limits the scope of management and requires significant installation cost. Moreover, it is not easily scalable. Moreover, existing management system adopted and operated individual systems for individual facilities, which inhibits rapid and uniform action against calamity as well as causes other problems such as lack of countering ability, ineffectiveness and double, unnecessary investment. Manage water, the source of the civilization Sewage water is the most element of the infrastructure in the urban areas. Water is not only essential for the human beings, but also is essential for all living organisms as it is essential for perpetuating life, and thus it is the source of civilization. The civilization today uses most amount of water compared to any era in the past, and the more advanced nations use the water in more diverse ways. Korea too enjoyed economic advancement since the 1960s, benefiting from increased quality of life. However, side effects such as water contamination Sensor installed on the sewage water system and lack of water resulted. The average rainfall in Korea is 1.3 times higher than the world average, but rainfall per person is only 8.5% of the world average. Thus, sewage water leakage is an immense loss of resource. Moreover, this affects the ground, and may cause stopping water supply to the urbanites in case of accidents, as well as cause shutting off of water supply, water contamination and leakage. Infrastructure for the high-tech intelligent society USN-Field Tests 027 During recovery, all types of societal losses were incurred such as inconvenience of transportation and property loss due to road excavation. Sewage water system management too is afflicted another problem. It was neglected in the administrative agenda since it is not drinking water. In Korea, it was only during 2003 that the central drainage system repair project was launched in a full-fledged manner. The recent project for the repair of the central drainage system is characterized by the adoption of the central drainage system maintenance and management monitoring system for the continual maintenance and management after the repair. Central drainage system maintenance and management monitoring system installs fixed type of flow meter and water gauge at key locations, monitors flow of water at the central drainage system from the central drainage system management office or sewage water processing site office remotely by using all types of communication mediums, and enables collection of all types of information needed for maintenance and management. This central drainage system maintenance and management monitoring system is subjected to improvement and expansion as it accumulates the data that is applied in the actual field and heads towards the direction of supplying information that is resourceful for the users. Safeguard the roads, the artery of the land in the nation In Korea, road network expansion took place in a relatively short period of time. However, problems Composition diagram of City Infrastructure Monitoring System Traffic - Wireless loop detector (use Zigbee) - Measure traffic on key roads on a real-time basis Intelligent street light Loop detector Zigbee module Materials lay underground - Flux sensor - Measure central drainage system’s flux, speed of a running fluid and water level Zigbee module Sensor IP Network (Local test bed) User Web, Mobile phone real-time info. access Control system - Operate management system, DB server, application server - Field data collection and storage - Field infrastructure monitoring and management Leverage sensors installed on the road and materials laid underground in Songdo region of Incheon, and intelligent street light to monitor road surface’s temperature, humidity, pressure, water quality to prevent road accident caused by freezing and rainy season and to monitor state of sewage water system leakage on a real-time basis. 028 Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) such as large scale safety accident caused by heavy snow and freezing occurred chronically due to the lack of understanding on how to manage the roads during wintertime. As example is the temporary transportation interruption and isolation of some drivers at the uphill that includes Gangwon Province and Hangaeryeong during the heavy snow in 2001. Moreover, transportation was literally stopped at some parts of the road nationwide including the capital/metropolitan areas. In addition, heavy snow of the spring of 2004 isolated highways in the Seoul and areas of the Gyeonggi Province. Transportation related accident caused by freezing and heavy snow not only hurt the individuals and families, but also causes significant hardship and loss for the society as well. Accordingly, there were many multi-faced attempts to solve the transportation problem. In particular, new technologies such as information communication, Telematics, Geographic Information System (GIS) and so forth are combined with the USN to install image detectors and sensors on the roads, and detect risk factors such as snow and rain that prevent safe vehicle operation in advance to warn of the danger level. Likewise, this type of intelligent transportation system (ITS) is undergoing research today. Total of 125 USN related patents were applied starting from 2000 to 2004. Among these, the patents related to the area of road management took up the majority with 69 cases, followed by 16 for flood gate, 15 for bridge, 14 for materials laid underground, and 11 for tunnel. Patents in the road related areas include road freezing prevention system, road weather information system, real-time transportation information network and so forth that utilize diverse detection sensors for temperature, humidity, road surface image and so forth. Solving power related problems with solar cell and panel installation Field test for the city infrastructure monitoring system pursued in 2006 was conducted with the assistance and cooperation of the Office of Incheon Free Economic Zone to install equipment that can monitor temperature, humidity, pressure, water quality state on the road surface in a pilot project at the district between marine police under the Incheon Free Economic Zone (IFEZ) Songdo and Songdo Bridge 2. This project used ZigBee communication of 2.45GHz band to configure the system so that sensor measured data is transmitted up to the intelligent street light (u-Pole). Data transmission from u-Pole to the control center uses existing wire network, VDSL (Very high-data rate Digital Subscriber Line) and so forth. Sensor used on the existing control system is the part where the detail centered mindset of the project implementers are evidence as the installation as is ensured reliability of the measured data. Another noteworthy characteristic is resolving the weakness of ZigBee, which is another close range wireless communication technology. In other words, sensor node is installed on the street light, and it s u-Pole’ VMS control Control system operation S/W Infrastructure for the high-tech intelligent society USN-Field Tests 029 is connected to the sensor installed on the sewage water system with wire factoring in the fact that ZigBee communication cannot transmit data from underground to above ground. However, each node must be maintained at the activation state at all times as the network is configured with Mesh Topology, and power consumption is significant since data transmission cycle is one minute, which is relatively frequent. Test results showed that the battery alone is not sufficient to supply power into the node even when ZigBee communication prides itself for its low power consumption. In this case, the operation does not last 48 hours. The power related problem was solved by installing solar cell and panel on each node during the field test. By installing sensor node, it was possible to use the street light to supply power. However, power for the street light at the Songdo region was not available at all times. Thus, non-continuous supply of power was a problem. Designing with merely solar cell and panel and own battery to supply power was to open up to the possibility of installing sensor node in other places besides the street light at a later date. Solar cell and panel was used for the supply of the power for the sensor and sensor node, which was mostly problematic when it comes to the system configuration at the Songdo region. However, problems such as cost increase as installation of sensor nodes in all parts of the city is required and hurting the view of the city exists. That is, high power consumption of sensor and sensor node, especially that of the sensor is still a problem. In the case of sensor node, there are reports on the development of wireless communication technologies that intend to lower the amount of necessary power, but this is not the case for the sensors. Experts claim that in order for the USN technology to expand even more, this problem has to be solved. Proposing u-City application service model City infrastructure monitoring system confirmed that the use of ZigBee communication can transmit sensor measured data via wireless means, and proved that the u-Pole’s data collection and transmission can be checked at the field. Moreover, it is significant that the control system that can notify situation through the VMS, SMS, sound broadcast was completed for the occurrence of abnormalities during the analysis of transmission data. By successfully completing the system development and field test for this project, it is now possible to minimize trial and error that may result while applying to the project that seeks convergence of u-City project and industry. Moreover, future projects are anticipated since the basic system for the integrated management of the future intelligent city was laid down. View of the interior of the sensor node, installed on the road 030 Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) Learn about RFID/USN through questions City Infrastructure Monitoring System ‘Model Answer Sheet’ for the future intelligent city Park, Jae Woo / Manager, KT consortium What are the field test achievements? The existing Infrastructure in the urban areas information collection used a method whereby portable detector was installed by inspector to obtain information. On the other hand, RFID/USN based information collection system is repaired, productivity increases due to decreased labor cost. Intelligent street light (u-Pole) collects the data on the state of the environment measured by sensor and transmits the information to the operation server. Transmitted data is analyzed at the control system and then provided to the urbanites as visual and audio information through the VMS, Internet or broadcasting facilities. Urbanites or the operator of application regions leverage this information to lead safe and comfortable everyday life, which increases the quality of life. Moreover, it is possible to reduce the cost required for u-Pole installation the development of urban infrastructure control system. By resolving the problem of the exiting control system that included individual system for individual facilities, it is possible to prevent overlapping investment and to reduce budget with the development of unified and integrated control system when it comes to facility and operation system. What are the problems you faced while working on the project, if any? Supplying power to the sensor nodes was most problematic. Using the power of the street light is the best method, but Songdo region turns off the power during the day. On the other hand, construction of separate power cable would have required immensely large construction cost. At the end of extensive mulling, we solved the problem by using solar cell and panel in this project. Infrastructure for the high-tech intelligent society USN-Field Tests 031 Another problem was the significant lead time required when we had to visit public office to obtain permit for the construction of power and communication mediums and to solve the road surface sensor installation problem. What are the future plans? Infrastructure in the urban areas control system installed today will be used to collect information continuously to increase reliability level by continuing to operate it during the winter with the cooperation of the Office of Incheon Free Economic Zone (IFEZA). Given the positive reaction to the results of this project, it is expected that there will be many more areas for the application of this system going forth. For example, it is possible to attach fire monitoring sensor at the underground utilitypipe conduit for waste to assess situation. Moreover, if we are to expand Data acquisition, Web service and inquiry services that can be applied to the intelligent street light (u-Pole) to include crime prevention, calamity prevention, facility management and so forth, it is possible to ally with related industries. What are the key success factors for the USN project? First, price of the sensors should be lower. Another problem is that we depend too heavily on the sensors imported from overseas. Korea should be able to develop intelligent sensors for many more diverse areas. What we realized while working on this project is that we need to think more about the standardization issue. If the basis for standardization is laid down, this would help roll out this technology and the facility in the near future. 032 Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) USN Field Tests Cultural Heritage Management System Safeguard of a nation with a history of 5,000 years 05 Value of cultural assets is innumerable due to the scarcity and historical value. However, they face numerous elements that inhibit safe preservation. To identify and stop various problems that may damage the cultural assets from robbery, plundering and natural calamities such as land slip and flood in advance, it is necessary to start by measuring the change in the state of cultural assets by monitoring the state under ordinary circumstances instead of fixing problems after they break out. The Ministry of Information and Communication and the National Information Society Agency successfully completed the field test for the development of ‘Cultural Heritage Management System’ at the Bulguksa Temple as a part of the 2006 USN field test project, laying down the basis for the project that protects diverse cultural assets in Korea. High monk! Where are you going so hurriedly? Can� you hear that sound? You mean that noise we heard just now? What is that? It was a warning signal that flame was detected at the rear of the Haeuso. What? I am sorry... I was playing with fire, but I intended to turn out the fire soon after... December 2005. 5PM on the Arbor Day, Naksansa, an ancient temple that traces back thousands of years in Yangyang County in Gangwon Province turned into ashes due to forest fire only two hours after it caught fire. The firefighter helicopters poured water over the key building structures to put out the remnant fire until the late evening, but the Wontongbojeon (Gangwon Province’s tangible cultural asset No. 35) located in the temple and other key buildings were already burnt down. The monks and the employees also tried their best to put off the fire in front of the buildings that were not yet affected by the fire by carrying water in buckets, but their effort at the end did not help recuperate the ancient treasures. Scene1 October 2009. The forest fire that broke out at the vicinity of the Bulguksa Temple was put out after burning two hectares of the nearby mountain. The 2005 Yangyang forest fire would have taken away yet other precious resources even before the nightmare of losing the Naksansa, an ancient temple that traces back thousands of years would disappear. Fortunately, firefighting helicopters and firemen did manage to put out the forest fire in 30 minutes. However, another problem broke out after the firemen left after putting out the forest fire. The remnant flames began to cause yet another fire due to the strong wind. However, thanks to the installed USN based fire monitoring sensor, warning was sent out to the Bulguksa Temple’s control room, and another control center connected to the National Emergency Management immediately after detection, and firefighting helicopters and firemen were immediately dispatched to the site to put out the fire fast. Scene2 034 Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) Project Summary Project name Project management entity Project contractor & Beneficiary Period and budget Abstract Cultural Heritage Management System National Information Society Agency Samsung S1 consortium / Bulguksa Temple May to Dec 2006 / 120 million won (self-reliance 120 million won) Development of system that monitors for cultural asset related calamity and robbery by installing sensing camera and by developing sensor network for the monitoring of forest fire and for the cultural asset management at the Bulguksa Temple by using USN technology Bulguksa Temple in Gyeongju City, Northern Gyeongsang Province Project subject The evidence of the disappearing history Value of cultural assets is innumerable due to the scarcity and historical value. If our history that trace back to over 5,000 years is to perish without being handed down to our children, then the loss cannot expressed in words. In particular, cultural assets should be managed effectively prior to the damages are incurred. And the efforts made should be multi-dimensional. Bulguksa Temple, the ancient temple located in Gyeongju that almost all the Koreans visited at least once in their life time, especially during field trips while in school. There are not many people who know that Bulguksa Temple suffers from natural weathering while it is filled with many tourists from both in and out of Korea. Gyeongju, where Bulguksa Temple is located is well known for the high concentration of salt due to the influence of the ocean breeze. Accordingly, Dabo Tower that is exposed to the outside air is weathering. Moreover, there is yet another problem that affects the Seokga Tower. Water created by the aggregation of vapor at the inside of the Seokga Tower is causing crevices as the water flows down. Accordingly, ‘red light’is turned on to preserve these assets. The cultural assets that are situated in the mountains and temples are exposed to the outside environment. Thus, they are more vulnerable to the natural environment compared to the urban areas. These cultural assets are not free from the natural calamities such as forest fire, land slip or flood. In 2005, we experienced the pain of losing Naksansa, a key cultural asset to a forest fire. Accordingly, monitoring of the Bulguksa Temple cultural asset requires not only for the assets themselves, but also for the nature at their vicinity. Robbery and plundering is also very serious. In fact, gilt bronze statue of Buddha, various ornaments, royal tombs and so forth were targeted by specialized robbers on various occasions. Along the way, they were damaged by the plundering and infiltration of the robbers. However, development of the plan for the protection of the cultural assets is considered problematic due to the lack of personnel for management. Recuperation of the lost cultural asset is very unlikely, and only very few are found. It is difficult to measure the value of managing national treasure level cultural assets correctly. Infrastructure for the high-tech intelligent society USN-Field Tests 035 For example, Hwangryeongsa 9 floor stone tower, burnt during the Goryeo Period is not only difficult to replicate with the technology of today, but also historical research is impossible. Thus, even after many years of research, replication failed. In the case of Naksansa that was burned down by a forest fire, it is possible to tell how important it is to preserve and manage cultural asset continuously at all times. Possibility to protect cultural asset from fire Gyeongju City developed the USN based fire detection monitoring system as the initial state of uBulguksa Temple realization. As such, it is considered significant in that the first step was taken for ucultural asset management. For the fire detection, various information on the image, flame, temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, carbon monoxide and so forth were collected, to conduct statistical analysis of the sensing data so that the related parties can be automatically notified of potential problem, and history management is now enabled. Towards this end, 25 fire detection sensor nodes were installed surrounding the temple, while two sensors for measuring temperature, humidity, intensity of illumination and atmospheric pressure were installed at two locations at the Bulguksa Temple. Accordingly, diverse environmental elements surrounding the cultural asset were measured, and the measured data was Fire detection sensor node installation transmitted to the server through base station. Composition diagram of Cultural Heritage Management System [Cultural asset manager] Sensing information management real-time monitoring Automatic forest fire/fire monitoring camera Sensor Node Sensing of temperature, humidity and fire with sensor and sense image of the surrounding area with camera for transmission Field dispatch [Emergency office] Service for fire and collapsing Installation of 25 fire detection sensor nodes at the outside of the Bulguksa Temple, and two sensor nodes at the inside to measure temperature, humidity, intensity of illumination, and atmospheric pressure in order to monitor forest fire, calamity and robbery to protect Bulguksa Temple and Bulguksa Temple’s national treasure level cultural assets. 036 Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) This field test is significant in the sense that the use of USN was increased and that a new application model towards the Ubiquitous Society was proposed. Besides reducing the cost required for management by the Bulguksa Temple’s Cultural Asset Management Team, it is now possible to prevent robbery and damage to protect the cultural asset. To expand the use of Cultural Heritage Management System that focuses on early fire detection for the prevention of damage and distortion of cultural asset, it is necessary to gather information on the leaning, load and sinking of the Bulguksa Temple’s key cultural assets such as Dabo Tower, Seokga Tower, Baekun Bridge and Cheongun Bridge on a real-time basis to manage. This is the mission for the near future. Cultural assets are not only important historical and cultural resources, but also the source of tourism for all the people in the world. Accordingly, cultural asset management and tourism can bring about synergy effect by leveraging the strategy of combining the two. Going forth, another mission is to develop Bulguksa Temple as the most successful benchmarking target in the world as Mecca of ‘uCultural asset management’and ‘u-Tourism.’ Use of cultural asset management for different formats Presently, fire monitoring system is the main pillar of the Cultural Heritage Management System but it is necessary to expand it to the sectors of u-Bulguksa Temple or u-cultural asset management to systemize cultural asset management. Going steps further, the outlook entails developing integrated management system for the cultural assets nationwide. Technology and results of cultural asset management preservation accumulated from the field test project will be valuable for the application to other temples, museums, art galleries, historical building structures and so forth. In the grander scale, it can serve as the model for reference when it comes to diverse USN applications for the environment monitoring and building structure monitoring. In particular, cultural asset management technology for wireless sensor network is unprecedented in the world. Thus, successful completion of this project for the Bulguksa Temple, Korea’s representative cultural asset will serve to roll out to many diverse cultural assets in Korea. Besides the need for the real-time online management of cultural assets, the Cultural Heritage Administration is seeking ways to prevent robbery and grave robbery by using USN. Thus, technology, knowledge and experience accumulated in this field test can be used for other projects for the protection of cultural assets of different formats. Temperature, humidity, intensity of illumination, atmospheric pressure measurement sensor, installed at the Bulguksa Temple Infrastructure for the high-tech intelligent society USN-Field Tests 037 Learn about RFID/USN through questions Cultural Heritage Management System ‘Brilliant encounter’ of high-tech u-IT and cultural heritage. Jang, Seok Wang / Manager, Samsung S1 Please introduce the Cultural Heritage Management System field test briefly. System that monitors the environmental factors that damage the cultural assets such as wind and waves, crack and fire was developed. In the case of fire, the system that that detects early on to notify the fire station for early extinction was developed. Sensors were attached onto the wooden or stone construction and statue of Buddha at the inside of the Bulguksa Temple to measure environment factors such as temperature, humidity, intensity of illumination and so forth. Cultural assets are not damaged in a matter of one or two months. Instead, it is possible to know the level of damage only one or two years after. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the environment information in cycles to manage temperature or humidity for the sake of preservation. Therefore, accumulation of data for a few months alone does not make this project a success. We will continue to accumulate data on the environment until May 2007, and develop statistical value based on the accumulated data. What is the reason that the field test was conducted for the cultural assets at the Bulguksa Temple? In Korea, Bulguksa Temple is an important cultural asset where Korean students visit on field trip and that attracts many tourists from both in and out of Korea. At first, information on the Seokga Tower, Dabo Tower and so forth were presented via mobile phone and PDA to increase convenience to the visitors, but new service model was discovered for the USN field test. What are the measures taken for the cultural asset management? Key temples and cultural asset museums including Bulguksa Temple realize the need for cultural asset management. However, we know that the well developed management system is not in place. Until now, fire monitoring was conducted via CCTV, and infiltration system that prevents cultural asset robbery was all that was available. Although management of cultural asset that delays damage is important, solving problems related to infiltration and fire is also very urgent. 038 Key powers for growth of u-Korea, RFID/USN (3) Please explain how cultural assets and historical sites are managed in other countries. In the case of Japan, sensor is attached so that when fire breaks out, then warning sound is triggered and water is dispensed automatically. In the Netherlands, information on the cultural asset environment is accumulated continuously for analysis to lay down the foundation for management. In Egypt where there are many cultural remains, there is considerable interest in the cultural asset management system, but the nation doesn’t have a method that is noteworthy on a technological level. What were the challenges faced during project execution... At the beginning, cultural asset management experts emphasized the characteristics of the cultural assets, disagreeing with the act of attaching sensors. However, we could proceed with the project by exchanging opinion on the part where new IT technology is combined. Still, however, there are many conservative and passive voices, speaking on behalf of the cultural assets. Although persuasion requires time, this is a necessary step to take. At the beginning, USN related project needs to weigh technological and economic viability from the time when service model is discovered. Is there potential to apply to the cultural asset management part? For now, economic viability is not on the agenda. It is true that cost is an issue in this project in terms of separate system development cost and additional labor cost because of the need to check the state of damage with the eyes and whereby monks inspects the work during the nighttime. However, imagine what would happen if cultural assets burn down as in the case of Naksansa because of natural calamity or fire. Cultural Heritage Management System can be considered almost like insurance. There is a need to think about the various losses that may result from losing precious cultural assets more so than the system development cost. What is necessary for the expansion of USN technology? Various support measures are needed since this is the initial stage of RFID and USN development. In the case of USN, frequency used is for the small wireless devices. Thus, it uses very small frequency that sends out very small signals through the heat detector, and magnet at the infiltration detector level. Of course, the government would allocate frequency considering the viability of the project, but from the viewpoint of the companies that are working on the project, we want to carry on services that are stable by securing frequency band that is appropriate for technology and project format. Although this may lead to the question of ‘egg or chicken first,’ we hope that the government will allocate proper frequency in 2007. Infrastructure for the high-tech intelligent society USN-Field Tests 039 A world that all the national resources are intelligently networked, u-Korea. Economy _ Creation of new businesses Society _ Heartfelt communication Life _ A digital world everyone can enjoy Technology _ Connections between all the people and all the things NIA has made constant efforts to lead u-Korea. NIA has promoted the various RFID/USN pilot projects since 2004. NIA will advance to the Ubiquitous Society by establishing the foundation for the RFID/USN by 2007 and providing services in the whole industrial sectors by 2010. NIA Bldg,77 Mugyo-dong, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-775 Korea Tel +82-2-2131-0399 Fax +82-2-2131-0309 www.nia.or.kr