Economic Development Records of Zimbabwe

							THE ZIMBABWE S & T STRUCTURE AND
STATISTICAL SYSTEM
• A report presented to the UNESCO Regional
  Workshop on Science and Technology Statistics in
  Entebbe, Uganda

                        By

Mr G. Sibanda (Research Council of Zimbabwe)

                        and

Mr P. Mawire (Central Statistical Office)
OUTLINE

A. Science and Technology Structure

B. Specific Ongoing Projects

C. Proposed Projects

D. S & T Statistical Systems
THE BACKGROUND

• Ministry of Science and Technology
  Development administers the S & T Policy

• Research Council of Zimbabwe developed the S
  & T policy

• The S & T policy necessitated the formation of
  the Ministry of Science and Technology
  Development
A. SECTORS IN THE S & T POLICY

• Research and Development (R&D) for Industrialization
• Agriculture, Food Security and Environmental
    Conservation
•   Mineral Resource and Earth Sciences
•   Education, Training and Manpower Development
•   Health
•   Energy
•   Transport
•   Information and Communications Technology
•   Housing
•   Biotechnology
•   Social Sciences
•   International Collaboration
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR
INDUSTRIALISATION
- Source for technological innovations
- Builds country’s capabilities in S & T

CHALLENGES:                       PLANNED OR ONGOING
• Reliance on external              PROGRAMMES:
  technological and               • Ensure products are locally
  engineering resources             manufactured to meet
• No meaningful R & D               international standards.
• Inadequate research             • Full exploitation of
  Funding                           domestic resources
• Lack of coordination and        • Training of S & T
  cooperation among R & D           manpower
  institutions                    • Sourcing of research funds
                                    for national R & D priorities
AGRICULTURE, FOOD SECURITY AND
ENVIRONMENT
-    Great strides in technological development
-    Advanced Wildlife Management
-    Fight against environmental degradation
    CHALLENGES:                    PLANNED OR ONGOING
    • Infrastructure and             PROGRAMMES:
      financial resources in       • Sustainable use of natural
      communal lands lag behind      resources
    • Resource depletion and       • Agriculture and
      environmental degradation      Environmental studies in
    • Water scarcity because of      schools
      changing climatic patterns   • New environmental
                                     management concepts
                                   • Cleaner production
                                     technologies
                                   • Identifying good water
                                     reserves
MINERAL RESOURCES AND EARTH
SCIENCES
- Exploitation of mineral resources
- Monitoring of deaths and injuries in mining

CHALLENGES:                PLANNED OR ONGOING
                             PROGRAMMES:
• Continued export         • New methods of
  of raw materials           mineral processing
• Brain drain                and extraction
• Environmental            • New techniques in
                             mineral resources
  degradation
                             deposit locations
EDUCATION, TRAINING AND MANPOWER
DEVELOPMENT

- Raising literacy and numeracy rates
CHALLENGES:               PLANNED OR ONGOING
                            PROGRAMMES:
• Shortage of             • In service training for
  qualified science         teachers
  teachers                • Provision of human
• Brain drain               resources to run all
• Syllabus not              sectors of economy
  relevant to             • Programmes to
  environment               popularise S & T

• Lack of career
  guidance for pupils
HEALTH
- Assuring good health to the nation

CHALLENGES:               PLANNED OR ONGOING
• Health Services           PROGRAMMES:
  expensive               • Disease prevention
• Diseases associated       and health promotion
  with poor nutritional     programmes
  sanitation              • Locally manufactured
• Increase in HIV           medical equipment
  related diseases        • Additional health
                            research laboratories
ENERGY
- Production of energy from local resources


CHALLENGES:                PLANNED OR ONGOING
                             PROGRAMMES:
• Deforestation due
                           • Alternative sources of
  to use of fuel wood        energy (renewable)
• Importation of
  electricity and
  liquid fuels
TRANSPORT


CHALLENGES:           PLANNED OR ONGOING
• Dependence on         PROGRAMMES:
  imported vehicles   • Local production of
                        spare parts.
                      • Zimbabwean vehicle
                      • Road networking
                        planning
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY (ICT)

CHALLENGES:            PLANNED OR ONGOING
                         PROGRAMMES:
• Radical changes in   • Training equipment in
  ICT                    software development
HOUSING


CHALLENGES:              PLANNED OR ONGOING
• Rural to urban shift     PROGRAMMES:
• Shortages of           • Production of local
  affordable housing       building material
                         • Provision of low cost
                           housing
BIOTECHNOLOGY

CHALLENGES:                PLANNED OR ONGOING
• Fast improving genetic     PROGRAMMES:
  engineering              • International
• Controlling of harmful     cooperation on safe
  GMOs                       use of biotechnology
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION


CHALLENGES:             PLANNED OR ONGOING
• Learning from other     PROGRAMMES:
  countries on what     • Experts, students and
  they have done          information exchange
SOCIAL SCIENCES

CHALLENGES:                    PLANNED OR ONGOING
• No clear appreciation of       PROGRAMMES:
  economic factors linked to   • Impact on society of
  S&T                            programmes and policies
                               • Social and National
                                 Scientists collaboration
                               • Determination of
                                 acceptability of new
                                 technologies
                               • Political, economic and
                                 demographic factors of
                                 economic development
B. SPECIFIC ONGOING PROJECTS

1. Affordable building materials production
• Stabilised Soil Bricks
• Micro concrete Tiles
• Rammed earth technology

2. Value addition to Minerals
• Ferrochrome alloy production

3. Food processing
• Production of Soya beans milk
• Production of fruit jams from wild fruits
• Production of nutritious foods from indigenous crops
C. PROPOSED PROJECTS

Table 1: projects submitted to the Ministry of Science and
  Technology Development
D. S & T STATISTICAL SYSTEM

• Central Statistical Office (CSO) collects, produces
    and disseminates national statistics
•   Individual organisations, NGOs and Institutions
    keep statistics as administrative records
COLLECTION OF S & T STATISTICS

CSO conducts census and surveys in:

•   Agriculture and livestock production
•   Labour force
•   Income consumption and expenditure
•   Business tendency
•   Population

Instruments used
• Questionnaires
• Interviews
• Telephones
• Emails
Challenges regarding S & T
statistical system
S & T statistical system not well defined.

Reasons:
• In adequate coordination, collaboration, networking and information
• Information scattered in organizations
 Remarks:
• Demand for S & T statistics has been low ever since
• With the establishment of the Department of Science and Technology Development, the demand
    is increasing
• To meet this demand CSO has engaged an international consultant to design the National
    Statistical System (NSS)
• 4 main components of NSS have been identified.
Components of NSS
• Data users
• Data collectors
• Data suppliers
• Research and training institutions
EXPECTED BENEFITS FROM NSS

• Better resource management and no duplication
    in collection of data
•   Better preparation and implementation of
    national strategy for the development of
    statistics
•   Better design and implementation of strategic
    statistical plans which can be integrated within
    national policies and cover all data sector and
    users
•   Allow for demand and user focus of national
    data needs
Table1. LIST OF PROJECTS SUBMITTED TO THE
MINISTRY OF S&T DEVELOPMENT FOR
CONSIDERATION.

SECTOR                Name of               Project              Project              Project
                      Project               Description          Beneficiary          Cost
                                                                                      (estimate)
Agriculture and       E-Hurudza             an electronic farm   Government           ZW$791m for
ICT                   Import substitution   management                                58 computers
                      value addition        software package                          and 58 printers.
                      Efficiency building

Agriculture R & D     Palletised            Palletised           Communal farmers     ZW$1.1 Billion
                      phosphate blends      Phosphate Blends     in areas where the
Sponsor- UZ           fertiliser            Fertiliser is        soils have become
institute of
                      Import Substitution   produced using       unproductive
Mining Research                             the Dorowa rock
                                            phosphate
Agriculture           Organic resources     Making better use    Farmers              ZW$2 498
R&D                   development           of available but     nationwide           438.80
                      Import substitution   under-utilized
                      Value addition        organic resources
Agriculture/Industr   Soya beans            Soya beans will be   Farmers and          ZW$1.1 billion
y                     processing plants     established in all   society
                      Import substitution   10 provinces
                      Value addition
Table1. LIST OF PROJECTS SUBMITTED TO THE
MINISTRY OF S&T DEVELOPMENT FOR
CONSIDERATION.

Agriculture R&D   Sunflower and          Use of oilseed        Nationwide    ZW$1.19million
                  groundnuts             cake from scale
                  Increased              farmers for
                  productivity           poultry and
                  Increased cash flows   ruminat feed
                  Employment creation

                  Design and             designing a low       All farmers   Could not specify
                  development of         cost seeding drill
                  cost direct            (planter) to be
                  seeding drill          used for direct
                  Import substitution    planting where
                                         there is zero
                                         tillage
                  Multipurpose           developing a low      All farmers   ZW$3.5 million
                  plough                 cost plough that
                  Import substitution    tills, plants,
                  and forex generation
                  and saving
                                         fertilizes, covers
                                         the seed all in one
                                         operation
Table1. LIST OF PROJECTS SUBMITTED TO THE
MINISTRY OF S&T DEVELOPMENT FOR
CONSIDERATION.
Shelter/industry/agr   Rammed Earth           Commercialisation    Nationwide and      ZW$5 Billion
iculture               Technologies           of appropriate       support to the
                                              building materials   Agrarian Reform
                                              technologies         Programme
Industry/              Silk Production        Resuscitation of     Farmers and         ZW$2 Billion
Agriculture            and processing.        the Silk             society
                       -Value addition,       production and
                       -Import substitution   processing
                       -Forex generation
                                              industry
Industry – Mining/     Manufacture of         Use ofaluminium      Urban and town
Water                  aluminium              sulphate and         centers
                       sulphate and           aluminium oxide
                       aluminium oxide
                       from flint clay
                       Import substitution
                       Value addition



Health                 African Institute       establishment of    The whole society   ZW$830million
                       of BioMedical          an HIV/AIDS
                       S&T                    diagnosis
                       (HIV/AIDS)             treatment and
                       Import substitution    monitoring
                       Value addition         Institute
Table1. LIST OF PROJECTS SUBMITTED TO THE
MINISTRY OF S&T DEVELOPMENT FOR
CONSIDERATION.
Industry/ Energy    bio-diesel fuel as    Manufacturing          The nation   ZW$400million
                    a substitute for      biodiesel from
                    mineral diesel        locally available
                    Import substitution   raw materials.
                    Value addition
                    Forex generation

Industry / Energy   Production of         3.8million litres of   Nationwide   Capital – US$1.5
                    industrial fuels      fuel can be                         Bilion
                    from coal,            produced per day
                    Value addition and    from 22000                          Operating p.a
                    Import substitution   tonnes of locally                   US$220 Million
                                          available coal
R&D for             Production of         Application of         Nationwide   R1.8m
Construction        quality, durable      innovative                          (R400 000
Industry            and affordable        microwave                           available from
                    roof tiles and        technology to dry                   Royalties
                    associated            the tiles.                          earned by
                    products using                                            sponsor)
                    Microwave
                    technology for
                    drying.
                    Import substitution
                    Value addition
Table1. LIST OF PROJECTS SUBMITTED TO THE
MINISTRY OF S&T DEVELOPMENT FOR
CONSIDERATION
Education           Network of Users       training in          Professionals who   ZW$850million
                    of Scientific         various areas         work with
                    Equipment in          relating to           scientific
                    Eastern and           scientific            equipment.
                    Southern Africa       equipment
                    (NUSESA)              maintenance and
                                          management.


                    Women in Science       increasing
                                          women’s and girls’    Women and girls
                    and Technology                                                  US$570 805.
                    Alliance Trust        participation in
                    Building Efficiency
                                          S&T through
                                          advocacy,
                                          projects, training,
                                          networking,
                                          awards etc.
Industry, quality   Capital Equipment     funding to acquire    Community and       USD437700.00
and standards       for the Standards     modern test           industry            excluding
                    Association of        equipment to                              installation and
                    Zimbabwe              undertake level                           commission fees.
                    EveTy Technology      testing and
                    Import substitution   calibration
                    Value addition
Table1. LIST OF PROJECTS SUBMITTED TO THE
MINISTRY OF S&T DEVELOPMENT FOR
CONSIDERATION.
Education /         Establishing the       Enhancement of       The whole society   US$231 846.78
Capacity building   wireless               e-learning,          Demand for
                    networking             capacity building    shelter to meet
                    technology             and provide          demand very
                                           linkages with        high.
                                           other institutions
                                           outside Midlands.
Energy and          Pilot project on       Sawdust              Leisure for all
recreation          sawdust utilisation    utilisation in
                    in Manicaland.         Manicaland
                    Import substitution
                    Value addition
                    Forex generation
                    potential

Energy saving       Solar powered          -LED light is pure   Urban areas with    ZW$162 Million
technologies        traffic lights using   and colour signals   a potential for
                    LIGHT Emitting         are sharper than     external lighting
                    Diode (LED):           conventional         for homes.
                                           ones.
                    -Import Subs,
                    -Energy saving
                    -Environmentally
                    friendly