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Description
Digital signal that is discrete amplitude values, amplitude that is limited to within a finite number of values. Binary code is a digital signal. Binary code by the noise, easy for processing a digital circuit, it has been widely used.
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Operating Instructions
DIGITAL SIGNAL DELAY D -1103
TOA 1000 series
THE LIGHTNING FLASH WITH
ARROWHEAD WITHIN A TRIANGLE IS
INTENDED TO TELL THE USER THAT
PARTS INSIDE THE PRODUCT ARE A
CAUTION RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK TO
TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRICAL
PERSONS.
SHOCK, DO NOT REMOVE COVER.
NO USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE.
THE EXCLAMATION POINT WITHIN A
REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED
SERVICE PERSONNEL. TRIANGLE IS INTENDED TO TELL THE
USER THAT IMPORTANT OPERATING
AND SERVICING INSTRUCTIONS ARE
IN THE PAPERS WITH THE
APPLIANCE.
Please follow the instructions in this manual to obtain the optimum results from this unit.
We also recommend that you keep this manual handy for future reference.
TOA Corporation
Contents
Cautions 2
General Description 3
Features 3
Front Panel 4
Rear Panel 6
Block Diagram 7
Operating Theory 8
Memory Function 9
Remote Control Function 10
Initial Setting 11
Optional Matching Transformer Installation 13
Connections 14
Performance Graphs 18
Specifications 19
Accessories 19
Memory Sheet 20
Appearance 20
Cautions
• This equipment pursuant totested 15 of foundFCC comply Thesethe limits fordesigned toA
digital device,
has been
Part
and
the
to
Rules.
with
limits are
a Class
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate
radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction
manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference
in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
• humidity, and not be
Unit should
dust.
placed in areas exposed to high ambient temperatures, high
• During electrical storms, unplug the AC cord from the power outlet at once if there is a
possibility of lightning strikes.
• motors,using
Avoid
etc.
unit in close proximity to noise-generating equipment such as rheostats,
• The unit's continual lithiumWhen the backup becomeshas an approximate lifetime display
years in
built-in
use.
memory
battery
battery
discharged, the delay time
of ten
will flash as an indication. The battery will continue to power the backup memory for
approximately six months after the indicator begins flashing. Consult your TOA dealer
for the battery replacement at your earliest convenience.
— 2—
General Description
The D-1103 is a professional quality, 1-input 3-output digital signal delay unit designed for
use in a variety of applications such as theaters, concert halls, auditoriums, and in live
sound reinforcement.
Delay times can be set from between 0 and 655msec in minimum steps of 10µsec,
enabling precise correction of time differences caused by differences in speaker unit
distance. Delay setting is determined by the sum of Normal mode (1msec steps) and Fine
mode (10µsec steps) settings. This permits easier delay settings when positioning speakers
after adjusting their time alignments.
Preset delay times can be stored in up to four memories. When a sound source must be
moved during a program, the most appropriate delay times can be stored in advance
and the sound field easily changed with a depression of the corresponding memory key.
A remote control terminal permits interconnection of up to 15 D-1103's for simultaneous
remote-control by either external equipment or another D-1103 in a master/slave
relationship.
An input signal bypass circuit permits automatic signal bypass in the event of a unit
power failure.
Front panel settings can be protected by attaching the security cover supplied with unit.
Optional matching transformers can be used to isolate electrically-balanced input and
output signals.
The D-1103 can be mounted in a standard 19" rack and occupies one rack space.
Features
1. Three separate time delay outputs for one signal input.
2. Delay time settings are represented by the sum of 1msec "Normal" mode and 10µsec
"Fine" mode steps within a range of 0 ~ 655 msec.
3. Four one-touch memories for storage of delay time settings.
4. Remote control terminal.
5. Automatic input signal bypass circuitry.
6. Security cover.
7. Optional input and output matching transformers.
8. Standard 19" rack mountable.
— 3—
Front Panel
Input Level Meter
Provides 7-segment indication of post-input signal level control. The red "0dB" LED
lights when the signal level exceeds a point of 3dB below clipping level (where
distortion occurs). The input level control should be adjusted for only intermittent
lighting of the "0dB" LED.
Input Level Control (INPUT)
Permits adjustment of input signal level.
Output Level Controls (OUTPUT 1, 2, 3)
Provide individual adjustment of delay output signal levels for Outputs 1 ~ 3 .
Memory Keys (M1, M2, M3, M4)
Select corresponding preset delay times, indicated by LED and numerical display. Refer
to "Memory Function" (p.9).
Setting Lock Key (LOCK)
Disables all key functions except those of the memory keys and FINE key. Press again
to release. Especially useful when remotely controlling the master unit. For remote
operation, refer to p.10.
Fine Range Key (FINE)
Displays variable delay time of 0 ~ 9.99msec. Delay time can be adjusted in 0.01msec
(10µsec) steps with the delay time setting key when enabled (Fine mode), or in 1msec
steps over a range of 0~645msec when disabled (Normal mode). Total delay time
equals the sum of these two settings. (Example: If "0.01" is displayed in Fine mode, and
"1" in Normal mode, the total delay time setting is "1.01msec".)
Memory Store Key (MEMORY)
Stores preset delay time in memory when depressed together with any one of the
Memory keys (M1~M4). Refer to "Memory Function" (p.9).
Clear Key (CLEAR)
Resets displayed delay time to "0 0 0". (In dual-range delay settings, only the currently
displayed range is reset, while the "hidden" one is not.)
— 4—
Delay Time Display (DELAY TIME)
Gives digital display of Fine mode delay settings of 0 ~ 9.99msec or Normal mode
delay settings of 0 ~ 645msec. Flashing display indicates low lithium memory backup
battery charge and need for replacement. In this case, contact your nearest TOA
representative.
Delay Time "Down" Key (DOWN)
Shortens delay time. Continuous depression speeds time change.
Delay Time "Up" Key (UP)
Lengthens delay time. Continuous depression speeds time change.
Power Indicator
Lights when main power is turned ON.
Power Switch (POWER)
Press to switch ON main power.
Security Cover Mounting Hole
This hole is used to mount the supplied security cover with two screws to avoid
accidental changes in set position of control knobs and switches.
— 5—
Rear Panel
AC Inlet
The AC power cord supplied with unit must be plugged into the AC inlet.
AC Fuse Holder
WARNING
The fuse should always be replaced with same type and rating after confirming failure
cause and countermeasures. Be sure to unplug the AC power cord from AC outlet
before replacing with a new fuse. If fuse repeatedly fails, the unit should be inspected
by qualified personnel.
Protect Switch (PROTECT)
Safeguards all front-mounted control settings when enabled.
Memory functions, however, can still be controlled from the remote control unit.
Ground Terminal
Connection of the D-1103 to other equipment can create ground loops which produce
hum and noise. Ground loops can be eliminated in such cases if the shorting bar
between the two ground terminals is removed.
Remote Control Terminal (REMOTE)
This terminal is used for simultaneous remote control of several D-1103's. Refer to
"Remote Control Function" on p.10.
Output Terminals (OUT 1, 2, 3)
These electrically-balanced screw terminals are rated for an output of +4dB and an
impedance of 600
H = HOT
C = COLD
E = EARTH/GROUND
For unbalanced output, short Terminals C and E using the supplied shorting bar and
take signal from Terminals H and E.
Input Terminals (INPUT)
These electrically-balanced screw terminals are rated for an input of +4dB and an
impedance of 10k
H = HOT
C = COLD
E = EARTH/GROUND
For unbalanced input, short Terminals C and E using the supplied shorting bar and
connect input lines to Terminals H and E.
— 6—
Block Diagram
D-1103 BLOCK D I A G R A M
— 7—
Operating Theory
The D-1103 accurately delays audio output by digitally processing the input audio signals
as described below.
1. The signal received at the balanced input circuit is adjusted tor optimum level with the
input level control (the adjusted level is indicated by the input level LED display). It is
then sent through a low-pass filter that eliminates frequencies not necessary for analog-
to-digital (A/D) conversion. The filter's natural characteristics have a minimal influence
on sound quality owing to the D-1103's 100kHz sampling frequency limit.
2. After the filter, the signal enters the A/D converter, where it is converted to a 16-bit
linear PCM digital code at a sampling rate of 10µsec. The converter's self-calibration
function automatically adjusts for optimal conditions regardless of temperature or
voltage fluctuations. A warm-up time of approximately one minute after start-up is
generally required for stable operation. A temporary increase in noise may be
experienced during this period, however this does not indicate an actual breakdown.
3. The converted PCM data is then written into RAM. Since the RAM capacity is 1M bits
(65,500 x 16 bits), time delays of up to 65,500 x 10µsec = 655,000µsec (655msec)
can be achieved.
4. As each new address is written to RAM, a previously written address corresponding to
the preset delay time interval is simultaneously read.
5. This PCM data then enters the D/A converter for reconversion to an analog signal.
(Steps 4 and 5 are repeated three times for the D-1103's three outputs.)
6. Operation reverts to Step 2 for each address. Steps 2 through 6 occur once for each
sampling period (10µsec), and its timing is controlled by a timing logic circuit.
7. Since the waveform of the reconverted analog signal is still stepped, it is rectified into
a smooth waveform by the low-pass filter.
8. After passing through the output level control, the rectified signal goes to an
electrically-balanced output circuit, and is transmitted to the connected external
equipment.
[Note]
The D-1103 takes approximately 100µsec to digitally process an audio signal. Therefore,
its signal output will be delayed approximately 100µsec relative to the source signal, even
if the indicated delay time is "0". Particular care should be given to delay time settings in
applications using both source and delay signals.
— 8—
Memory Function
The D-1103's four memory keys (M1~M4) store delay times for three outputs. A built-in
lithium memory back-up battery ensures the stored memory is not lost when the power is
switched off.
To call up the stored memory, simply press the desired memory key. The stored memory
is then instantly called up, set, and shown on the display.
To save a manually set delay time, press the desired memory key while holding down the
memory store key.
The following examples provide some effective applications of the memory function.
1. The most suitable delay time can be determined by calling up and actually testing
stored delay times.
2. Advance storage of optimum delay times at main performance points permits instant
delay adjustments when the sound source is moved.
3. When a space is partitioned into rooms, the optimum delay time for each room can be
recalled from memory.
More convenient memory function operation can be achieved with use of the remote
control function explained below.
— 9—
Remote Control Function
The memory function can be remotely controlled using the
remote control terminals located on the rear panel. Shorting
Terminals D and E (as preset at the factory) permits the D-1103
to be remotely controlled by external equipment. In this
configuration, any one of the memories (M1~M4) can be called
up by shorting its corresponding terminal with Terminal E.
(When two or more terminals are simultaneously shorted, the
memory of smaller number is called up.)
Opening Terminal D makes the D-1103 a master unit that can
control other connected D-1103's (slave units). When a memory
key on the master unit is depressed, all connected slave units
will switch to the same corresponding memory. To establish a
master/slave system, interconnect the remote control terminals
for the master and slave units, as shown in the figure. Up to 15
slave units can be connected per master unit. When connecting,
take care that cables are routed along the shortest possible
distance (max. 100m for AWG22 cable) and as far away as
possible from noise generating equipment.
Remove the security cover when operating the master unit.
Depress the lock key on the front panel (LED lights) to prevent
accidental memory erasure.
The remote control function is particularly effective if used in places where the sound
source often moves. In halls, it can be used to change preset sound delay times and
emphasize source direction as a performer moves across the stage. Preset delay times
can also be adjusted to match sound source location changes in gymnasiums, such as
from the stand to the arena or whenever microphone announcements are made. In
stadiums, delay times can be switched for more effective program changes, such as for
announcements, half-time show, etc.
— 10 —
Initial Setting
1. Adjust for an optimum input level. Since the D-1103 is a digital signal processor, signal
clipping will result in rapid increases in distortion. Therefore, adjust the input level
control for only intermittent illumination of the "0dB" LED at maximum signal input.
2. Since the delay unit is usually installed just before a power amplifier, adjust either the
output level control of the D-1103 to match the sensitivity rating of the power amplifier
or the input level control of the power amplifier itself.
3. Set the delay times. In calculating delay time, use either of the following equations
(based on a sound velocity of 340m/sec. at 15°C or 1120ft/sec. at 60°F):
Delay time (msec) = Time-delayed distance (m)/0.34
Delay time (msec) = Time-delayed distance (ft)/1.12
4. To perform speaker time alignment, set the unit to Fine mode and calculate delay times
(µsec) by dividing the difference in speaker driver distance (mm) by 0.34 (or by
0.01344 for inches).
* <Time alignment>
In multi-speaker systems, the distances between individual speakers and the listening
point are rarely ever the same. This results in different speaker sound propagation times,
which have a detrimental effect on faithful sound reproduction. These time variations can
be effectively compensated for by delaying the signal output for a period of time
corresponding to the difference in distance between driver points, a procedure which is
commonly referred to as "time alignment compensation."
Virtual sound source points vary depending on filter and speaker characteristics.
Therefore, in the final adjustment, speaker system delay times should be actually heard or
tested using the appropriate measuring instruments.
Tweeter
Squawker
Woofer
Listening point
Sub Woofer
— 11 —
Initial Setting
5. The D-1103's two summed setting modes - Normal mode, with its 1msec. steps, and
Fine mode, with its 0.01msec. steps - offers more precise delay time settings. Some
setting examples are provided below.
Normal mode
Fine mode
Actual Delay time
OUT1 100+0.75 = 100.75 (msec)
OUT2 200 + 0.50 = 200.50 (msec)
OUT3 300+2.30 = 302.30 (msec)
6. A quick reference table is also provided below, showing the relationship between delay
times and distance based on a sound velocity of 340m/sec.
Delay Time Distance
0.01msec (10µsec) 3.4mm (0.1344in)
0.02msec (20µsec) 6.8mm (0.2688in)
0.10msec(100µsec) 34mm (1.344in)0.112ft
1 msec(1000µsec) 34cm (13.44in)1.12ft
10 msec 3.4m (11.2ft)
100 msec 34m (112ft)
655 msec 223m (734ft)
— 12 —
Optional Matching Transformer Installation
[CAUTION]
THESE SERVICING INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOR USE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
TO AVOID ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING OTHER THAN
THAT CONTAINED IN THE OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS UNLESS YOU ARE
QUALIFIED TO DO SO. REFER ALL SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL,
The input and output of the D-1103 are electrically balanced. Modification for isolated I/O
applications can be performed using optional matching transformers LT-101 (IN) and LT-
102 (OUT).
1. Turn the power switch OFF and unplug the AC power cord.
2. Remove the ten screws securing the outer cover and remove the cover.
3. When mounting the input transformer, as shown in Figure 1, attach the supplied sleeve
to two holes at the left-hand side of the rear chassis using the supplied screws. To
install the output transformer, attach the sleeve to the six holes at the right-hand side of
the rear chassis using the supplied screws.
4. Securely mount the transformer on the sleeve using two supplied screws.
5. After installing input transformer LT-101, remove the connector from CN29 on the main
board, and insert it into the connectors located close to the transformer. Then insert
the connector from the transformer into CN29.
After installing output transformer LT-102, remove the connectors from CN11, CN12 and
CN13 on the SIG board, and insert them into the connectors provided near the
transformer, then insert the connectors from the transformer into CN11, CN12 and
CN13, respectively.
6. Fit the cover in place.
Transformer Specifications
Model Input Transformer LT-101 Output Transformer LT-102
Impedance
Frequency Response 30Hz~20kHz at ±0.15dB 30Hz~20kHz at ±0.15dB
Constant Loss Within 1.5dB (at 1kHz) Within 1.5dB (at 1kHz)
Distortion Less than 0.2%(5dB*, 50Hz) Less than 0.2%(5dB*, 50Hz)
0dB = 0.775V RMS
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
— 13 —
Connections
1. When used with the 1000 series power amplifier for time alignment
Install a channel divider filter module into each power amplifier in the system. With the
delay unit in Fine mode, set OUT 1 for [d1(mm)/0.34) (µsec), OUT 2 for 0, and OUT 3
for (d2(mm)/0.34) (µsec).
Input from mixer, etc.
2. When used with the 1000 series amplifier for stadium speaker cluster delay setting
Insert a channel divider filter module into each power amplifier and set all delay units
to Fine mode. Set the delay times for the center speaker system (woofer/mid-
range/tweeter) first, to match the times given in Example 1. Then perform the same
delay time setting for the left and right speaker systems. Switch all delay units from
Fine to Normal mode. Set OUT 1 ~ 3 for the left and right systems to "0", and those for
the center system to (D(m)/0.34) (msec). [Note that D(m) is the distance difference
between the center system and the left or right system.]
Fig.2
— 14 —
Connections
3. Changing sound source locations
This example assumes the use of full-range speakers. With the sound source at Point
A, set the delay time for the front speakers to be the shortest, followed in order by the
side and rear speakers. Reverse the order if the sound source is positioned at Point B.
Remote memory delay times can be easily changed if these settings are stored in
memory. The D-1103's four programmable memories permit up to four scene-by-scene
delay times to be stored. Up to 15 slave units can be connected to the remote control
terminal of a master unit in systems with larger numbers of speakers.
Input from mixer, etc.
Fig.3
— 15 —
Connections
4. When used with the 1000 series amplifier for multi-speaker system time alignment
Install the channel divider filter module into each power amplifier in the system. With
each delay unit in Fine mode, set the delay units to match the times given in Example 1.
Next, switch all delay units to Normal mode and set OUT 1 ~ 3 of the unit for the front
speaker system to "0", those of the unit for the second speaker system to
[D1(m)/0.34] (msec), and those of the unit for the third system to [D2(m)/0.34]
(msec). [Note that D1 is the distance between adjacent speaker systems, and D2 the
distance between the two farthest systems.]
Input from mixer, etc.
Fig.4
— 16 —
Connections
5. When using the D-1103 with a channel divider for multi-speaker system time
alignment
Because an independent channel divider is employed, each delay unit is separately
used for low-, mid-, and high-range speaker delay time settings. The channel divider's
low-, mid-, and high-range outputs are relayed to their corresponding delay units, the
outputs of which are connected to the power amplifiers.
Set all delay units to Fine mode and OUT 1 ~ 3 of the low-range speaker delay unit to
[d2(mm)/0.34] (µsec), those of the mid-range speaker delay unit to "0", and those of
the high-range speaker delay unit to (d1(mm)/0.34) (µsec). Next, switch all units from
Fine to Normal mode. Set OUT 1 of all units to "0", OUT 2 to [D1(m)/0.34] (msec), and
OUT 3 to [D2(m)/0.34] (msec).
Input from mixer, etc.
Front speaker
Fig.5
— 17 —
Performance Graphs
Group delay-Frequency Amplitude-Frequency
Distortion-Frequency
— 18 —
Specifications
Nominal Input Level + 4dB *
Max. Input Level +18dB *
Input Impedance 10k
Nominal Output Level + 4dB *
Max. Output Level +18dB *
Output Impedance 600
Frequency Response 20Hz~20kHz±1d B
Total Harmonic Distortion Les s tha n 0.03% (at 1kHz)
Dynamic Range Mor e tha n 90dB
Delay Range 0~655msec
Step 10µsec/1msec
Number of Bits 16
Sampling Frequency 100kHz
Memory Presets 4
Level Indicator 7-segment
Remote Control Memor y chang e (master/slave )
Power Consumption 15W
Dimensions ( W x D x H ) 483 x 357 x 44m m ( 1 9 " x 1 4 " x 1 . 7 " )
Weight 4.4kg (9.7lbs. )
0 dB is referenced to 0.775V RMS.
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
Accessories
Security cover 1
Fuse 1
Screw for security cover 2
Warranty card (for USA and Canada) 1
Short piece 4
Operating instructions 1
— 19 —
Memory Sheet
Programmed or oft-used delay settings should be noted on the enclosed memory sheet
for future reference, or in the event of memory loss or memory backup battery
replacement.
Fine mode Normal mode Delay time Notes
M1
M2
M3
M4
Appearance
TOA Corporation
KOBE, JAPAN
133-12-040-2A
