Professor Mark A. Tanouye
April 16, 2000
WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?
NATURE VS NURTURE: LEARNING AND MEMORY
No reading in text website: http://www.scq.ubc.ca/?p=292
Example: Tanouye Boys - (Social/Societal Intelligence) MATTHEW (28y) Logical Artistic Imaginative Creative Intuitive Big Picture Math Social - humor
Adam (25y)
DAVID (18y)
MICHAEL (9y) GATE testing SAT testing
NATURE VS NURTURE
NATURE
Biological - usually called "genetic", but actually more complicated, ill-defined. Component of intelligence that is inherited.
THREE DIFFERENT MEANINGS OF INTELLIGENCE Eysenck ‘93
BIOCHEMISTRY PHYSIOLOGY GENETICS FAMILY UPBRINGING CULTURAL FACTORS EDUCATION SOCIO/ECONOMIC STATUS
(one view)
BRAIN STRUCTUREFUNCTION
BIOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE PSYCHOMETRIC INTELLIGENCE
NURTURE
IMPLICATIONS
Social - usually considered family background, education, socio-economic influences, ill-defined
IQ/SAT
Social programs Head Start School curricula Child-rearing practices
PERSONALITY PRACTICAL SOCIAL/SOCIETAL MOTIVATION INTELLIGENCE AMBITION INTELLIGENCE EXPERIENCE COPING STRATEGIES EDUCATION FAMILY BACKGROUND, PEER PRESSURE, NUTRITION, DRINKING, DRUGS, etc
UC Berkeley Admissions
Fall 2002 Freshman Admission Data Applicants: 36,461 Admitted: 8,699 Enrolled: 3,836 Fall 2002 Freshman Test Scores Range of recentered SAT I scores (middle 50% of students) verbal: 570-700 math: 620-740 Average Unweighted GPA: 3.80 Average Weighted GPA: 4.22
Some Popular Standard Test Scores
Scale Name Mean Standard Deviation 100 15 16 5 10 Reliability Predictability Correlation
SAT, GRE, LSAT, GMAT 500 Wechsler IQ 100 Stanford Binet IQ 100 ACT (American College Testing) 20 T-scale (MMPI) 50 Alfred Binet(1905) Lewis Terman (1916) David Wechsler (1939) "MENTAL AGE" CHRONOLOGICAL AGE [Binet-Simon] [Stanford-Binet] [Wechsler Scales]
X 100 = Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
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Professor Mark A. Tanouye
April 16, 2000
Some Popular Standard Test Scores
Scale Name Mean Standard Deviation 100 15 16 5 10 Reliability Predictability Correlation
WECHSLER ADULT SCALES
Alfred Binet(1905) Lewis Terman (1916) David Wechsler (1939) "MENTAL AGE" CHRONOLOGICAL AGE
[Binet-Simon] [Stanford-Binet] [Wechsler Scales]
X 100 = Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
TWIN STUDIES
MONOZYGOTIC (IDENTICAL) TWINS Shared genetic makeup (100% identical) Shared family environment (birth family) DIZYGOTIC (FRATERNAL) TWINS Shared genetic makeup (50% identical) Shared family environment (birth family)
Most similar IQ
IQ testing
Genetic similarity
None 0 .1 Identical twins raised together Raised apart
Dull normal
Retardation
Bright normal
SAT, GRE, LSAT, GMAT 500 Wechsler IQ 100 Stanford Binet IQ 100 ACT (American College Testing) 20 T-scale (MMPI) 50
Normal Very superior
Correlation coefficient
(degree of similarity)
.2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 Perfect .9 1.0
Identical percent genetic transmittance
0.86
(average)
0.75
Genetic Variation
(estimated by different investigators)
High
Fraternal twins raised together Same sex Different sexes Siblings (raised together) Parent-child
ADOPTED TWINS (monozygotic, separated) Shared genetic makeup (100% identical) Environment Variation Unshared family environment
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT (Sir Francis Galton, 1869)
Jensen 70% DeFries 31% Hunt 20% Low
~ 0.50
Foster parent-child Unrelated persons raised together
~ 0.25
Random
Raised apart
~ 0.0
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