Principal Emergency
Response and Preparedness
Requirements and Guidance
OSHA 3122-06R 2004
Employers are responsible for providing a safe and
healthy workplace for their employees. OSHA’s role
is to promote the safety and health of America’s
working men and women by setting and enforcing
standards; providing training, outreach and education;
establishing partnerships; and encouraging continual
improvement in workplace safety and health.
This publication provides a general overview of a
particular standards-related topic. This publication
does not alter or determine compliance responsibili-
ties which are set forth in OSHA standards, and the
Occupational Safety and Health Act. Moreover,
because interpretations and enforcement policy may
change over time, for additional guidance on OSHA
compliance requirements, the reader should consult
current administrative interpretations and decisions
by the Occupational Safety and Health Review
Commission and the courts.
Material contained in this publication is in the public
domain and may be reproduced, fully or partially,
without permission. Source credit is requested but
not required.
This information will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 693-1999; teletypewriter (TTY) number: 1-877-
889-5627.
Principal Emergency Response and Preparedness
Requirements and Guidance
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
U.S. Department of Labor
OSHA 3122-06R
2004
Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 1
Background ................................................................................................................................................... 1
Using This Publication................................................................................................................................... 2
Publication Organization ............................................................................................................................... 3
I. General Industry (29 CFR 1910) Requirements for Emergency Response and Preparedness......... 4
A. General Requirements for Workplaces ..................................................................................... 4
1. 29 CFR 1910.36 Design and construction requirements for exit routes.......................... 4
2. 29 CFR 1910.37 Maintenance, safeguards, and operational features for exit routes..... 4
3. 29 CFR 1910.151 Medical services and first aid ............................................................. 5
4. 29 CFR 1910.157 Portable fire extinguishers.................................................................. 6
5. 29 CFR 1910.165 Employee alarm systems ................................................................... 7
B. Additional Requirements for Workplaces Referenced in Other Requirements ......................... 8
1. 29 CFR 1910.38 Emergency action plans....................................................................... 8
2. 29 CFR 1910.39 Fire prevention plans............................................................................ 9
C. Additional Requirements for Specific Workplaces/Operations.................................................. 9
1. 29 CFR 1910.66 Powered platforms for building maintenance....................................... 9
2. 29 CFR 1910.111 Storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia ................................. 10
3. 29 CFR 1910.119 Process safety management (PSM) of highly hazardous
chemicals ....................................................................................................................... 11
4. 29 CFR 1910.120 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response;
paragraphs (b), Safety and health program, through (o), New technology programs... 12
5. 29 CFR 1910.120, paragraph (p) Certain operations conducted under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA)......................................... 13
6. 29 CFR 1910.120, paragraph (q), Emergency response to hazardous substance
releases ......................................................................................................................... 14
7. 29 CFR 1910.124 General requirements for dipping and coating operations............... 15
8. 29 CFR 1910.146 Permit-required confined spaces ..................................................... 16
9. 29 CFR 1910.156 Fire brigades .................................................................................... 17
10. 29 CFR 1910.262 Textiles ............................................................................................. 18
11. 29 CFR 1910.266 Logging operations........................................................................... 18
12. 29 CFR 1910.268 Telecommunications ........................................................................ 19
13. 29 CFR 1910.269 Electric power generation, transmission and distribution................. 19
14. 29 CFR 1910.272 Grain handling facilities .................................................................... 20
15. 29 CFR 1910 Subpart T Diving Operations
(29 CFR 1910.104 Scope and application,
1910.410 Qualification of dive team,
1910.420 Safe practice manual,
1910.421 Pre-dive procedures, and
1910.422 Procedures during dive) ................................................................................ 21
16. 29 CFR 1910.1003 13 Carcinogens (4-Nitrobiphenyl, etc.),
1910.1004 alpha-Naphthylamine,
1910.1006 Methyl chloromethyl ether,
1910.1007 3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts),
1910.1008 bis-Chloromethyl ether,
1910.1009 beta-Naphthylamine,
1910.1010 Benzidine,
1910.1011 4-Aminodiphenyl,
1910.1012 Ethyleneimine,
1910.1013 beta-Propiolactone,
1910.1014 2-Acetylaminofluorene,
1910.1015 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene,
1910.1016 N-Nitrosodimethylamine .............................................................................. 22
17. 29 CFR 1910.1017 Vinyl chloride .................................................................................. 23
18. 29 CFR 1910.1027 Cadmium ........................................................................................ 24
19. 29 CFR 1910.1028 Benzene ......................................................................................... 25
20. 29 CFR 1910.1029 Coke oven emissions ..................................................................... 26
21. 29 CFR 1910.1044 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane......................................................... 26
22. 29 CFR 1910.1045 Acrylonitrile..................................................................................... 27
23. 29 CFR 1910.1047 Ethylene oxide................................................................................ 28
24. 29 CFR 1910.1048 Formaldehyde ................................................................................ 28
25. 29 CFR 1910.1050 Methylenedianiline ......................................................................... 29
26. 29 CFR 1910.1051 1,3-Butadiene ................................................................................. 30
27. 29 CFR 1910.1052 Methylene Chloride ........................................................................ 31
28. 29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories.... 32
D. Requirements that Support Emergency Response and Preparedness .................................. 32
1. 29 CFR 1910.132 General requirements (Personal Protective Equipment) ................. 32
2. 29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory protection ...................................................................... 33
3. 29 CFR 1910.1000 Air contaminants ............................................................................ 34
4. 29 CFR 1910.1030 Bloodborne pathogens ................................................................... 35
5. 29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard communication .................................................................. 35
II. Shipyard Employment (29 CFR 1915) Requirements for Emergency Response & Preparedness.. 37
A. General Requirements for Workplaces ................................................................................... 37
1. 29 CFR 1915.52 Fire prevention ................................................................................... 37
2. 29 CFR 1915.98 First aid............................................................................................... 37
B. Additional Requirements for Workplaces Referenced in Other Requirements ....................... 38
C. Additional Requirements for Specific Workplaces/Operations................................................ 38
1. 29 CFR 1915.12 Diving Operations............................................................................... 38
2. 29 CFR 1915.1003 13 Carcinogens (4-Nitrobiphenyl, etc.),
1915.1004 alpha-Naphthylamine,
1915.1006 Methyl chloromethyl ether,
1915.1007 3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts),
1915.1008 bis-Chloromethyl ether,
1915.1009 beta-Naphthylamine,
19100.1010 Benzidine,
1910.1011 4-Aminodiphenyl,
1915.1012 Ethyleneimine,
1910.1013 beta-Propiolactone,
1910.1014 2-Acetylaminofluorene,
1915.1015 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene, and/or
1915.1016 N-Nitrosodimethylamine. ............................................................................. 38
3. 29 CFR 1915.1017 Vinyl chloride .................................................................................. 38
4. 29 CFR 1915.1027 Cadmium ........................................................................................ 38
5. 29 CFR 1915.1028 Benzene ......................................................................................... 38
6. 29 CFR 1915.1044 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane......................................................... 39
7. 29 CFR 1915.1045 Acrylonitrile..................................................................................... 39
8. 29 CFR 1915.1047 Ethylene oxide................................................................................ 39
9. 29 CFR 1915.1048 Formaldehyde ................................................................................ 39
10. 29 CFR 1915.1050 Methylenedianiline ......................................................................... 39
11. 29 CFR 1915.1052 Methylene Chloride ........................................................................ 39
12. 29 CFR 1915.1450 Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories.... 39
D. Requirements that Support Emergency Response and Preparedness .................................. 39
1. 29 CFR 1915.152 General requirements (Personal Protective Equipment) ................. 39
2. 29 CFR 1915.154 Respiratory protection ...................................................................... 40
3. 29 CFR 1915.1000 Air contaminants ............................................................................ 40
4. 29 CFR 1915.1030 Bloodborne pathogens ................................................................... 41
5. 29 CFR 1915.1200 Hazard communication .................................................................. 41
III. Marine Terminals (29 CFR 1917) Requirements for Emergency Response and Preparedness...... 42
A. General Requirements for Workplaces ................................................................................... 42
1. 29 CFR 1917.22 Hazardous cargo................................................................................ 42
2. 29 CFR 1917.23 Hazardous atmospheres and substances.......................................... 42
3. 29 CFR 1917.26 First aid and lifesaving facilities.......................................................... 43
4. 29 CFR 1917.30 Emergency action plans..................................................................... 43
5. 29 CFR 1917.128 Signs and marking ........................................................................... 44
B. Additional Requirements for Workplaces Referenced in Other Requirements ....................... 44
C. Additional Requirements for Specific Workplaces/Operations................................................ 44
1. 29 CFR 1917.1 Scope and applicability (29 CFR 1910 Subpart T Commercial
Diving applies to marine terminals) ............................................................................... 44
2. 29 CFR 1917.73 Termination facilities handling menhaden and similar species of
fish ................................................................................................................................. 44
D. Requirements that Support Emergency Response and Preparedness .................................. 45
1. 29 CFR 1917.25 Fumigants, pesticides, insecticides and hazardous preservatives .... 45
2. 29 CFR 1917.28 Hazard communication ...................................................................... 46
3. 29 CFR 1917.92 Respiratory protection ........................................................................ 46
4. 29 CFR 1917.95 Other protective measures................................................................. 46
IV. Longshoring (29 CFR 1918) Requirements for Emergency Response and Preparedness.............. 47
A. General Requirements for Workplaces ................................................................................... 47
1. 29 CFR 1918.93 Hazardous atmospheres and substances.......................................... 47
2. 29 CFR 1918.94 Ventilation and atmospheric conditions ............................................. 47
3. 29 CFR 1918.97 First aid and lifesaving facilities.......................................................... 48
4. 29 CFR 1918.100 Emergency action plans................................................................... 48
B. Additional Requirements for Workplaces Referenced in Other Requirements ....................... 50
C. Additional Requirements for Specific Workplaces/Operations................................................ 49
1. 29 CFR 1918.1 Scope and application
(29 CFR 1910 Subpart T Commercial Diving applies to marine terminals) .................. 49
D. Requirements that Support Emergency Response and Preparedness .................................. 49
1. 29 CFR 1918.90 Hazard communication ...................................................................... 49
2. 29 CFR 1918.102 Respiratory protection ...................................................................... 49
V. Construction (29 CFR 1926) Requirements for Emergency Response and Preparedness ............. 50
A. General Requirements for Workplaces ................................................................................... 50
1. 29 CFR 1926.23 First aid and medical attention, and
1926.50 Medical services and first aid. ......................................................................... 50
2. 29 CFR 1926.24 Fire protection and prevention,
1926.150 Fire protection, and
1926.151 Fire prevention............................................................................................... 50
3. 29 CFR 1926.34 Means of egress................................................................................. 51
B. Additional Requirements for Workplaces Referenced in Other Requirements ....................... 52
1. 29 CFR 1926.35 Employee emergency action plans .................................................... 52
C. Additional Requirements for Specific Workplaces/Operations................................................ 52
1. CFR 29 1926.60 Methylenedianiline ............................................................................. 52
2. CFR 29 1926.64 Process safety management (PSM) of highly hazardous
chemicals ....................................................................................................................... 53
3. 29 CFR 1926.65 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response,
paragraphs (b) Safety and health program through (o) New technology programs...... 53
4. 29 CFR 1926.65, paragraph (p) Certain operations conducted under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) ......................................................... 54
5. 29 CFR 1926.65, paragraph (q) Emergency response to hazardous substance
releases ......................................................................................................................... 54
6. 29 CFR 1926.651 Specific excavation requirements .................................................... 54
7. 29 CFR 1926.800 Underground construction................................................................ 54
8. 29 CFR 1926.950 General requirements (Power Transmission and Distribution) ........ 55
9. 29 CFR 1926 Subpart T Diving Operations
(29 CFR 1926.1071 Scope and application,
1926.1076 Qualification of dive team,
1926.1080 Safe practice manual,
1926.1081 Pre-dive procedures, and
1926.1082 Procedures during dive) .............................................................................. 56
10. 29 CFR 1926.1103 13 Carcinogens, etc. (4-Nitrobiphenyl, etc.),
1926.1104 alpha-Naphthylamine,
1926.1106 Methyl chloromethyl ether,
1926.1107 3, 3’-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts),
1926.1108 bis-Chloromethyl ether,
1926.1109 beta-Naphthylamine,
1926.1110 Benzidine,
1926.1111 4-Aminodiphenyl,
1926.1112 Ethyleneimine,
1926.1113 beta-Propiolactone,
1926.1114 2-Acetylaminofluorene,
1926.1115 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene, and/or
1926.1116 N-Nitrosodimethylamine .............................................................................. 56
11. 29 CFR 1926.1117 Vinyl chloride .................................................................................. 56
12. 29 CFR 1926.1127 Cadmium ........................................................................................ 57
13. 29 CFR 1926.1128 Benzene ......................................................................................... 57
14. 29 CFR 1926.1129 Coke oven emissions ..................................................................... 57
15. 29 CFR 1926.1144 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane......................................................... 57
16. 29 CFR 1926.1145 Acrylonitrile..................................................................................... 58
17. 29 CFR 1926.1147 Ethylene oxide................................................................................ 58
18. 29 CFR 1926.1148 Formaldehyde ................................................................................ 58
19. 29 CFR 1926.1152 Methylene Chloride ........................................................................ 58
D. Requirements that Support Emergency Response and Preparedness .................................. 58
1. 29 CFR 1926.28 Personal protective equipment and 1926.95 Criteria for personal
protective equipment ................................................................................................... 58
2. 29 CFR 1926.55 Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists ............................................ 59
3. 29 CFR 1926.59 Hazard communication ...................................................................... 59
4. 29 CFR 1926.103 Respiratory protection ...................................................................... 59
VI. Agriculture (29 CFR 1928) Requirements for Emergency Response and Preparedness ................ 60
A. General Requirements for Workplaces ................................................................................... 60
1. 29 CFR 1928.21 Applicability of Standards in 29 CFR Part 1910................................. 60
Additional Online Emergency Assistance Information ................................................................................ 61
OSHA ................................................................................................................................................ 61
Other Sources of Information ............................................................................................................ 61
OSHA Assistance........................................................................................................................................ 61
Safety and Health Program Management Guidelines....................................................................... 61
State Programs ................................................................................................................................. 62
Consultation Services........................................................................................................................ 62
Voluntary Protection Programs (VPP)............................................................................................... 63
Strategic Partnership Program .......................................................................................................... 63
Alliance Program ............................................................................................................................... 63
OSHA Training and Education .......................................................................................................... 64
Information Available Electronically .................................................................................................. 64
OSHA Publications............................................................................................................................ 64
Contacting OSHA .............................................................................................................................. 64
OSHA Regional Offices............................................................................................................................... 66
Introduction
The importance of an effective workplace safety and health program cannot be overemphasized.
There are many benefits from such a program, including increased productivity, improved
employee morale, reduced absenteeism and illness, and reduced workers’ compensation rates.
Unfortunately, workplace accidents and illnesses still occur in spite of efforts to prevent them,
and proper planning is necessary to effectively respond to emergencies.
Several Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards explicitly require
employers to have emergency action plans for their workplaces. Emergency preparedness is a
well-known concept in protecting workers’ safety and health. To help employers, safety and
health professionals, training directors, and others, the OSHA requirements for emergencies are
compiled and summarized in this booklet.
This publication provides a generic, non-exhaustive overview of OSHA standards for
emergencies. It is not intended to alter or determine compliance responsibilities in OSHA
standards or the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. Please review the current OSHA
standards applicable to your work operations to ensure your compliance.
NOTE: The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) imposes specific obligations on employers
relative to employment of individuals with disabilities. The United States Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission’s website provides employer resources for addressing ADA
requirements in private workplaces, including “Enforcement Guidance on Reasonable
Accommodations.” The Job Accommodations Network publication Emergency Evacuation
Procedures for Employees with Disabilities provides planning information and resources on
emergency procedures for employees with disabilities.
Background
The U.S. Congress passed the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) in 1986.
This legislation included the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (Title III),
which laid the foundation for communities to prepare for and respond to emergency incidents
involving hazardous substances. Title III also requires employers to assist in planning and to
provide accurate information about the hazardous substances or chemicals they control.
In 1989, OSHA issued a final rule on Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response
(HAZWOPER) to work hand-in-hand with SARA Title III. OSHA’s rule, 29 CFR 1910.120,
establishes safety and health requirements for employers for the protection of employees and
requires the development of an emergency response plan. This plan is to be integrated with
local, state, and Federal agency plans for local community emergency preparedness.
A second “significant” emergency planning law was enacted in 1990. The Clean Air Act
Amendments (CAAA) gave the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and OSHA more
responsibilities for preventing major chemical emergencies. In response to this legislation,
OSHA issued the Process Safety Management (PSM) of Highly Hazardous Chemicals standard
1
(29 CFR 1910.119) in 1992. The standard requires employers to establish a PSM program to
prevent major chemical workplace emergencies and to implement an emergency action plan.
The requirements of the HAZWOPER and PSM standards are provided in this publication. In
addition, the publication includes emergency action plan and fire prevention plan requirements
and emergency planning and response requirements in many other OSHA standards. In order to
have an effective safety and health program, it is necessary to develop and implement emergency
preparedness and response requirements that are applicable to the workplace.
The 26 states that operate OSHA-approved state plan programs set and enforce standards, such
as HAZWOPER and PSM, and the other emergency planning and response requirements, which
are identical to or at least as effective as Federal OSHA standards. While this publication can
provide useful guidance to all employers and employees, if you are in a state with an OSHA-
approved state program, you should contact the state program for specific compliance
requirements.
Please note that the EPA has Risk Management Program (RMP) and Community Right-to-Know
regulations that address releases of dangerous chemicals. Information is available on the EPA’s
website at http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hotline/rmp.htm.
Using This Publication
To use this publication effectively, you should review the standards identified for your industrial
sector(s) and determine if they apply to your workplace. Each standard listed in this publication
includes a general description of the standard’s scope. Once you have determined which
standards apply to your workplace, review the requirements and resources identified in this
publication for each applicable standard. To assist you in better understanding each standard,
this publication summarizes the essential program, procedural, equipment, and training
requirements in each of the standards identified. The publication also provides online resources,
including active Internet links, which discuss compliance information for implementing critical
requirements. While viewing this online you can click on any of the highlighted words and
phrases, and be linked to online materials that define or help clarify the word or phrase as it is
used in the standard.
Please note that, in developing this publication, the standards most applicable to emergency
response and preparedness were included. Standards that were deemed not directly or as likely
to apply to emergencies were not included. Therefore, while the majority of standards that
include emergency-related requirements are addressed in this document, other OSHA standards
could be applicable to a particular response action.
2
Publication Organization
This publication is organized so that all standards for a particular industry are grouped together.
The emergency-related requirements included in this publication are grouped in the following
sections: I. General Industry (29 CFR 1910), II. Shipyard Employment (29 CFR 1915),
III. Marine Terminals (29 CFR 1917), IV. Longshoring (29 CFR 1918), V. Construction
(29 CFR 1926), and VI. Agriculture (29 CFR 1928). Please note that a single employer could be
covered by standards for more than one industry. For example, an employer in a manufacturing
plant is primarily covered by 29 CFR 1910 but would be covered by 29 CFR 1926 in cases
where employees are performing construction work such as erecting a new building or
demolishing an old structure.
Within each group of industry standards, the standards are further organized into sections. These
sections outline the emergency-related requirements as follows:
• General Requirements for Workplaces
These standards are generally required of all workplaces within the industry. Every
employer must comply with these requirements or the parallel state plan requirements,
except where specifically exempted.
• Additional Requirements for Workplaces Referenced in Other Requirements
The standards listed in this section are those that are applicable to the workplace when
employer compliance is required by another OSHA standard. For example, a grain
handling facility employer is required by the grain handling facility standard (1910.272)
to implement an emergency action plan meeting the requirements of 1910.38. [Note: No
additional requirements for Shipyard Employment, Marine Terminals and Longshoring
are referenced in other requirements.]
• Additional Requirements for Specific Workplaces/Operations
The standards that cover specific workplaces, operations, or processes are listed in this
section. It is important to note that 29 CFR 1910.5(c) provides that these specific
standards shall prevail over any other general standard which might otherwise be
applicable to the same condition, practice, means, method, operation, or process. The
general standards do apply, however, to the extent that none of the particular standards
are applicable.
• Requirements that Support Emergency Response and Preparedness
In addition to the emergency requirements contained in the sections above, this section
includes standards that are likely to be applicable in an emergency situation. In any
chemical-related emergency, for example, the personal protective equipment
requirements are likely to be applicable. Likewise, for emergencies involving injured
persons, the requirements of the bloodborne pathogens standard may apply.
3
I. General Industry (29 CFR 1910) Requirements for
Emergency Response and Preparedness
A. General Requirements for Workplaces
1. 29 CFR 1910.36 Design and construction requirements for exit routes
This standard establishes requirements for the proper design and construction of exit routes.
Requirements cover construction materials, opening dimensions, accessibility conditions,
capacity, and special considerations for exit routes that are outside of a building.
Procedural, Make exit route design permanent.
Program,
Ensure that the number of exit routes is adequate based on the number of employees,
and/or
the size of the building, its occupancy, and the arrangement of the workplace.
Equipment
Requirements Separate an exit route from other workplace areas with materials that have the proper
fire resistance-rating for the number of stories the route connects.
Ensure that exit routes meet width and height requirements. The width of exit routes
must be sufficient to accommodate the maximum permitted occupant load of each
floor served by the exit route.
Ensure that doors used to access exit routes have side hinges and swing in the
direction of travel (depending on occupancy and hazard areas).
Design exit routes that lead to an outside area with enough space for all occupants.
An outdoor exit route is permitted but may have additional site-specific requirements.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.36 Design and construction requirements for exit routes.
Tools
E-Tools – Evacuation Plans and Procedures – Design and Construction Requirements
for Exit Routes.
Fact Sheet – Emergency Exit Routes Fact Sheet.
National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) Code – Life Safety Code NFPA 101.
2. 29 CFR 1910.37 Maintenance, safeguards and operational features for
exit routes
This standard establishes requirements for exit route lighting, marking, and non-flammable
material maintenance. It also sets requirements for employee alarm systems and procedures for
working during construction, repair, or alteration. Maintaining exit route standards will prepare
the workplace for a successful emergency evacuation.
4
Procedural, Maintain the fire-retardant properties of paints and solutions that are used in exit
Program, routes.
and/or
Ensure that required exit routes and fire protections are available and maintained,
Equipment
especially during repairs and alterations.
Requirements
Ensure that employee alarm systems are installed, operable, and in compliance with
29 CFR 1910.165 (Note: See Section I.A.5.).
Direct employees through exit routes using clearly visible signs. These signs must
meet the required letter height and illumination specifications.
When openings could be mistaken for an exit, post appropriate signs stating “NOT
AN EXIT.”
Arrange exit routes so that employees are not exposed to the dangers of high hazard
areas.
Exit routes must be free and unobstructed. Prevent obstructions, such as decorations,
furnishings, locked doorways, and dead-ends within exit routes.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.37 Maintenance, safeguards, and operational features for
Tools exit routes.
Interpretation Letter – February 1, 1991, Mr. Sanford B. White, Use of Self-luminous
and electroluminescent exit signs.
E-Tools – Evacuation Plans and Procedure-Maintenance, Safeguards, and
Operational Features for Exit Routes.
Checklist – Alarm System Checklist.
National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) Code – Life Safety Code NFPA 101.
3. 29 CFR 1910.151 Medical services and first aid
To handle potential workplace injuries, employers must ensure that medical personnel and
adequate first aid supplies are available to workers. The selection of these resources must be
based on the types of hazards in the workplace.
Procedural, Ensure that medical personnel are ready and available for advice and consultation on
Program, the overall employee safety and health condition in the workplace.
and/or
Provide trained personnel and adequate first aid supplies to render first aid when a
Equipment
medical facility is not in near proximity to the workplace.
Requirements
Provide suitable facilities for immediate emergency use if exposure to injurious or
corrosive materials is possible.
Training Adequately train personnel expected to administer first aid.
Requirements
5
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.151 Medical services and first aid.
Tools
Interpretation Letter – April 18, 2002, Mr. John Mateus, Clarification of 1910.151
Medical Services and First Aid.
Interpretation Letter – January 6, 1995, Larry M. Starr, PhD, The review of first aid
training programs.
Interpretation Letter – November 1, 2002, Jennifer Shishido, Additional clarification
of using ANSI Z358.1 as guidance to comply with 1910.151(c).
Interpretation Letter – November 19, 1992, Mr. Shawn L. O'Mara, Response time and
"in near proximity" requirements.
Other Standards – American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard Z358.1
Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment.
4. 29 CFR 1910.157 Portable fire extinguishers
Employees who use portable fire extinguishers can often put out small fires or control a fire until
additional help arrives. Before an emergency occurs, employers must decide whether employees
are authorized to use fire extinguishers or must immediately evacuate (29 CFR 1910.38). The
following section applies to portable fire extinguisher placement, use, maintenance, and testing.
Procedural, Select and distribute portable fire extinguishers based on the class, size, and degree of
Program, workplace fire hazards. Mount, locate, and identify the extinguishers so they are
and/or readily accessible in an emergency and will not subject employees to potential injury.
Equipment
Provide only approved portable fire extinguishers.
Requirements
Maintain fire extinguishers. Maintenance includes monthly visual inspections,
hydrostatic testing, annual internal examinations, and all associated documentation.
Ensure that the travel distance from employee to the nearest extinguisher is
appropriate for the fire class.
Exemptions may apply when employees are expected to evacuate the workplace in an
emergency action plan that meets 29 CFR 1910.38 standards. This option may
effectively minimize the potential for fire-related injuries but would not authorize
employees to use extinguishers.
Training If portable fire extinguishers are provided for employee use, provide an educational
Requirements program at initial employment and at least annually thereafter.
Provide education specific to any equipment employees are expected to use as part of
an emergency action plan. Provide training upon initial assignment and at least
annually thereafter.
6
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.157 Portable fire extinguishers.
Tools
Interpretation Letter – June 12, 2000, Mr. Hugh Erwin, Soda acid and inverted foam
extinguishers are not approved portable firefighting equipment.
Referenced Standards – 29 CFR 1910.155 Scope, application and definitions
applicable to this subpart.
E-Tools Evacuation Plans and Procedures – Evaluating the Workplace - Portable
Fire Extinguishers.
National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) Code – Standard for Portable Fire
Extinguishers NFPA 10.
5. 29 CFR 1910.165 Employee alarm systems
Employee alarm systems alert employees to begin implementing emergency action. This section
applies when another OSHA standard requires an alarm to notify employees of an emergency.
For example, standards that specifically require or reference alarm systems include: 29 CFR
1910.37, 1910.38, 1910.66, 1910.106, 1910.120, 1910.157, 1910.160, 1910.161, 1910.162, and
1910.164.
Procedural, Provide a distinctive and perceivable alarm system for emergency action or safe
Program, evacuation.
and/or
Specific requirements may apply if the alarm system includes telephones/manual
Equipment
operations, the workplace has 10 or fewer employees, or alarms serve more than one
Requirements
purpose.
Ensure that all equipment used for alarm systems is approved and spare components
are available.
Test alarms at the frequency required. Follow special safety requirements for testing
or restoring alarms.
Training Establish procedures and instruct employees on when and how to sound an alarm and
Requirements notify emergency personnel, and what each alarm type means.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.165 Employee alarm systems.
Tools
E-Tools – Evacuation Plans and Procedures -- Workplace Evaluation - Alarm
Systems.
Interpretation Letter – January 23, 1991, Mr. David A. Kruger, Employee emergency
alarm systems.
7
B. Additional Requirements for Workplaces Referenced in Other
Requirements
1. 29 CFR 1910.38 Emergency action plans
To prepare for any contingency, an emergency action plan establishes procedures that prevent
fatalities, injuries, and property damage. An emergency action plan is a workplace requirement
when another applicable standard requires it. The following standards reference or require
compliance with 1910.38: 29 CFR 1910.119, 1910.120, 1910.157, 1910.160, 1910.164,
1910.272, 1910.1047, 1910.1050, and 1910.1051.
Procedural, Identify possible emergency scenarios based on the nature of the workplace and its
Program, surroundings.
and/or
Prepare a written emergency action plan. The plan does not need to be written and
Equipment
may be communicated orally if there are 10 or fewer employees. At a minimum, the
Requirements
plan must include:
• The fire and emergency reporting procedures;
• Procedures for emergency evacuation, including the type of evacuation and
exit routes;
• Procedures for those who remain to operate critical operations prior to
evacuation;
• Procedures to account for employees after evacuation;
• Procedures for employees performing rescue and medical duties; and
• Names of those to contact for further information or explanation about the
plan.
Training Review the emergency action plan with each employee when the plan is developed,
Requirements responsibilities shift, or the emergency procedures change.
Provide training to employees who are expected to assist in the evacuation.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.38 Emergency Action Plan.
Tools
Directive – CPL 02-01-037 Compliance Policy for Emergency Action Plans and Fire
Prevention Plans.
E-Tools – OSHA’s Expert System – Emergency Action Plan.
E-Tools – Evacuation Plans and Procedures – Emergency Action Plan Checklist.
E-Tools – Evacuation Plans and Procedures – Evacuation Elements.
Fact Sheet – Planning and Responding to Workplace Emergencies.
Fact Sheet – Evacuating High-Rise Buildings.
Other Agency Resources – EPA Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC)
Database.
8
2. 29 CFR 1910.39 Fire prevention plans
This plan requires employers to identify flammable and combustible materials stored in the
workplace and ways to control workplace fire hazards. Completing a fire prevention plan and
reviewing it with employees reduces the probability that a workplace fire will ignite or spread.
A fire prevention plan is a workplace requirement when another applicable standard requires it.
The following standards reference or require compliance with 1910.39: 29 CFR 1910.157,
1910.1047, 1910.1050, and 1910.1051.
Procedural, Prepare a written fire prevention plan. The plan does not need to be written and may
Program, be communicated orally if there are 10 or fewer employees.
and/or
Develop a plan that includes
Equipment
Requirements • Major fire hazards, hazardous material handling and storage procedures,
ignition sources and controls, and necessary fire protection equipment;
• How flammable and combustible waste material accumulations will be
controlled;
• Maintenance of heat-producing equipment to reduce ignition sources;
• Names or job title of persons to maintain equipment to reduce ignition
sources and fire potential; and
• Names or job title of persons to help control fuel source hazards.
Training Inform employees about relevant fire hazards and self-protection procedures in the
Requirements fire prevention plan when they are initially assigned to a job.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.39 Fire Prevention Plans.
Tools
Directive – CPL 02-01-037 Compliance Policy for Emergency Action Plans and Fire
Prevention Plans.
E-Tools – Evacuation Plans and Procedures – Fire Prevention Plan Requirements.
Other Agency Resources – National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) Code – Life
Safety Code NFPA 101.
C. Additional Requirements for Specific Workplaces/Operations
1. 29 CFR 1910.66 Powered platforms for building maintenance
This standard covers powered platform installations permanently dedicated to interior or exterior
building maintenance of a specific structure or group of structures. It includes requirements for
an emergency action plan and employee emergency action plan training.
9
Develop and implement a written emergency action plan for each kind of working
Procedural,
platform operation. At a minimum, the plan must explain:
Program,
and/or
• The emergency procedures that are to be followed in the event of a power
Equipment
failure, equipment failure, or other emergencies that may be encountered; and
Requirements
• That employees inform themselves about the building emergency escape
routes, procedures, and alarm systems before operating a platform.
If a platform contains overhead structures that restrict emergency egress, ensure that a
secondary wire rope suspension system is provided. Provide a horizontal lifeline or a
direct connection anchorage, as part of a fall arrest system, for each employee on such
a platform.
Train all employees who operate working platforms on the emergency action plan
Training
procedures and the parts of the plan the employees must know to protect themselves in
Requirements
the event of an emergency. This training must be provided upon initial assignment and
whenever the plan is changed.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.66 Powered platforms for building maintenance.
Tools
2. 29 CFR 1910.111 Storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia
This standard covers the design, construction, location, installation, and operation of anhydrous
ammonia systems including refrigerated ammonia storage systems. Ammonia manufacturing
plants and refrigeration plants where ammonia is used solely as a refrigerant are, however, not
covered.
Procedural, For stationary storage installations, provide at least two suitable gas masks with
Program, ammonia canisters for either emergency response or evacuation purposes. Provide
and/or a self-contained breathing apparatus for respiratory protection in concentrated
Equipment ammonia atmospheres.
Requirements
For refrigerated storage systems, ensure that each compressor drive has an
emergency source of power unless other measures can be taken to safely vent the
vapors while the refrigeration system is not operating.
For refrigerated storage systems, ensure that an emergency alarm system is installed
that will activate in the event that the container(s) reach the maximum allowable
operating pressure.
For refrigerated storage systems, ensure that an emergency alarm system and shut-
off are installed in the condenser unit that will activate in the event that there is an
excess discharge pressure.
10
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.111 Storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia.
Tools
Interpretation Letter – February 7, 1998, Mr. Jesse L. McDaniel, Respiratory
Protection for Anhydrous Ammonia Storage Installations.
3. 29 CFR 1910.119 Process safety management (PSM) of highly hazardous
chemicals
This section focuses on preventing or minimizing consequences from a catastrophic release of
toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive chemicals. Processes are covered by this standard when
they involve quantities of highly hazardous chemicals equal to or greater than those listed in
1910.119 Appendix A, they involve flammable liquid or gas quantities greater than 10,000
pounds, or they involve the manufacture of explosives or pyrotechnics. Consult 1910.119(a) for
special considerations and process exemptions. Successful PSM emergency planning relies on
implementing requirements from 29 CFR 1910.38 and/or 1910.120(q).
Procedural, Conduct a Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) for each covered process, and update and
Program, revalidate the PHA every 5 years.
and/or
Incorporate emergency shutdown actions and operations into the written operating
Equipment
procedures for each process. Include conditions that require emergency action and the
Requirements
qualified operator responsible for performing these procedures.
Implement an emergency action plan for the facility as described in 29 CFR 1910.38.
Maintain the mechanical integrity of PSM emergency systems and alarms.
If employees are expected to handle an emergency release rather than promptly
evacuate, implement an emergency response plan according to 1910.120(q). Provide
proper response and personal protective equipment for emergency responders under
the plan.
Training Review facility PSM emergency shutdown and response procedures with employees.
Requirements Provide additional training to employees who provide response actions covered by
29 CFR 1910.120(q).
As a host employer, clearly communicate emergency action plans with contractors.
Contract employers must ensure that their employees are instructed in potential fire,
explosion, or toxic release hazards related to their jobs.
11
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.119 Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous
Tools Chemicals.
Standard Appendix – 1910.119 Appendix A – List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals,
Toxics and Reactives (Mandatory).
Standard Appendix – 1910.119 Appendix C – Compliance Guidelines and
Recommendations for Process Safety Management (Nonmandatory).
Preamble to Final Rule – Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals;
Explosives and Blasting Agents - III. Summary and Explanation of the Final Rule.
Interpretation Letter – December 7, 1995 - Mr. J.B. Evans, OSHA's Standard Process
Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals.
4. 29 CFR 1910.120 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response;
paragraphs (b), Safety and health program, through (o), New technology
programs
This standard covers hazardous substance cleanup operations and RCRA corrective actions
(29 CFR 1910.120, (a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iii)). Emergency planning and response are required
safety and health program elements that help minimize employee exposure and injury.
Procedural, If employees are to immediately evacuate in an emergency, develop an emergency
Program, action plan in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.38. If all employees are to evacuate and
and/or an emergency action plan is developed, the employer is exempted from 1910.120(l). If
Equipment employees may assist in handling the emergency, then the following requirements
Requirements apply.
As a separate section of the site safety and health plan, develop a written emergency
response plan. The plan must be implemented before site operations begin and should
be integrated with those of other local, state, and Federal agencies.
Identify emergency response personnel and responsibilities in the site program’s
organizational structure.
Include emergency response training details in the comprehensive site work plan.
Identify personal protective equipment (PPE) and other equipment for emergency
response in the emergency response plan.
Install alarm systems that meet requirements of 29 CFR 1910.165.
Share site-specific emergency response procedures with contractors and sub-
contractors.
Under certain circumstances, emergency response personnel may qualify for the
medical surveillance program.
Training Train employees assigned to respond to hazardous emergencies at cleanup sites on how
Requirements to respond to expected emergencies.
Regularly rehearse and train employees as part of the overall training program for site
operations.
12
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.120 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response.
Tools
Standard Appendix – 1910.120 Appendix B General description and discussion of the
levels of protection and protective gear.
Publication – OSHA 3114, Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response.
Safety and Health Topics – Emergency Preparedness/Response.
Interpretation Letter – July 28, 1989, Richard F. Boggs, PhD, Application of OSHA's
final standard for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response.
Interpretation Letter – May 23, 1989, Mr. Lanny E. Partain, Criteria for inclusion of
workers in a medical surveillance program and training under 1910.120.
Other Agency Resources – EPA Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC)
Database.
Directive - CPL 02-02-071 Technical Enforcement and Assistance Guidelines for
Hazardous Waste Site and RCRA Corrective Action Clean-up Operations.
5. 29 CFR 1910.120, paragraph (p) Certain operations conducted under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA)
This section covers operations at treatment, storage, and disposal facilities regulated by 40 CFR
Parts 264 and 265 under RCRA. A well established emergency response program is required to
prepare employees for emergency response activities at these sites.
Procedural, If employees are to immediately evacuate in an emergency, develop an emergency
Program, action plan in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.38. If all employees are to evacuate and
and/or an emergency action plan is developed, the employer is exempted from 1910.120(p)
Equipment emergency requirements. If employees may assist in handling the emergency then the
Requirements following requirements apply.
Include a written emergency response plan in the employer’s safety and health
program. Ensure that the plan is compatible with other response agency plans and
reviewed periodically to ensure currency with site conditions and information.
Provide appropriate PPE and emergency equipment to respond to potential site
emergencies.
Install alarm systems that meet requirements of 1910.165.
Depending on exposure circumstances, emergency responders may qualify for
participation in the site medical surveillance program.
Training Before an employee is required to perform response actions, provide training to a level
Requirements of competence that protects themselves and other employees.
Regularly rehearse the emergency response plan as part of the overall training program
for site operations.
Record and maintain training certifications that show employee attendance and
completion of required training.
13
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.120 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response.
Tools
Interpretation Letter – July 28, 1989, Richard F. Boggs, Ph.D., Application of OSHA's
Final Standard for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response.
Other Agency Resources – EPA Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC)
Database.
6. 29 CFR 1910.120, paragraph (q), Emergency response to hazardous
substance releases
This section covers hazardous substance emergency response operations regardless of the hazard
location. The standard requires an emergency response plan and employee training and
competency for anticipated emergencies. An incidental release of a hazardous substance is not
covered by the standard.
Procedural, If employees are to immediately evacuate in an emergency, develop an emergency
Program, action plan in accordance with 1910.38(a). If all employees are to evacuate and an
and/or emergency action plan is developed, the employer is exempted from
Equipment paragraph 1910.120(q) emergency requirements. If employees may assist in handling
Requirements the emergency, then the following requirements apply.
Develop and implement a written emergency response plan that includes
• Pre-emergency planning and coordination;
• Personnel roles, lines of authority, training, and communication;
• Emergency recognition and prevention;
• Safe distances and refuge;
• Site security and control;
• Evacuation routes and procedures;
• Decontamination procedures;
• Medical treatment in emergencies;
• Procedures for emergency alerting and response;
• Response critiques and follow-up; and
• PPE and emergency equipment.
Ensure that the plan is compatible with other Federal, state, and local response agency
plans and reviewed periodically for changes. The site’s Local Emergency Planning
Committee (LEPC) may have this information.
Establish an Incident Command System (ICS) to coordinate response actions.
Provide chemical protective clothing for emergency responders that is appropriate for
site hazards.
Provide backup and advance first aid support personnel ready to provide assistance or
rescue. Provide equipment necessary for backup and first aid support personnel and
transportation for medical care.
Some emergency responders require medical surveillance automatically, while others
may qualify only under certain exposure circumstances.
14
Training Provide training to employees based on their expected duties. Train responders to
Requirements one of the following levels: first responder awareness, first responder operations,
hazardous materials technician, hazardous materials specialist, and on scene incident
commander. Provide required training to “skilled support personnel” and “specialist
employees.”
Ensure trainers are qualified to provide training.
Provide and document annual refresher training.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.120 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response.
Tools
Directive – CPL 02-02-059 Inspection Procedures for the Hazardous Waste
Operations and Emergency Response Standard, 29 CFR 1910.120 and 1926.65,
Paragraph (q): Emergency Response to Hazardous Substance Releases.
Directive – CPL 02-02-059, Appendix E Releases Of Hazardous Substances That
Require An Emergency Response.
Other Agency Assistance Tool – Oil Spill Field Operations Guide ICS-OS-420-1
Other Agency Resources – EPA Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC)
Database.
7. 29 CFR 1910.124 General requirements for dipping and coating
operations
This standard establishes design, ventilation, first aid, hygiene, and maintenance requirements for
dipping and coating operations.
Procedural, Provide an emergency shower and eyewash station close to dipping operations.
Program, If employees work with liquids that may burn, irritate, or otherwise harm their skin,
and/or provide
Equipment
Requirements • Physician’s approval before allowing an employee with a sore, burn, or other
lesion to work in a vapor area,
• Proper treatment by a designated person for skin abrasions, cuts, rashes, and
open sores,
• Appropriate first aid supplies near dipping and coating operations, and
• Periodic exams of exposed body parts for employees who work with
chromic acid.
Training Ensure that employees know appropriate first aid procedures.
Requirements
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.124 General requirements for dipping and coating
Tools operations.
15
8. 29 CFR 1910.146 Permit-required confined spaces
This standard requires practices and procedures to protect employees working in permit-required
confined spaces (PRCS). The standard requires an evaluation to determine the existence of
PRCSs, the implementation of a written permit space program, and the establishment of rescue
and emergency procedures.
Procedural, Provide retrieval systems or methods for non-entry rescue where feasible.
Program,
Develop and implement procedures to summon rescue and emergency services to
and/or
rescue entrants.
Equipment
Requirements Implement procedures to provide emergency services to rescued employees and
prevent unauthorized personnel from attempting a rescue.
Evaluate and select a rescuer based on his or her ability to effectively respond to a
rescue in a timely manner, considering the hazard(s) identified and the types of permit
spaces entered. Ensure that the responder is properly equipped and proficient.
Provide rescuers access to all permit spaces from which rescue may be necessary, so
that appropriate rescue plans are developed and rescue operations practiced.
An employer whose employees provide permit space rescue and emergency services
must provide PPE to employees, at no cost to those employees.
Training Inform the rescuer(s) of potential hazards they may confront during rescue at the site.
Requirements
An employer whose employees provide permit space rescue and emergency services
must document the training of rescuers as authorized entrants. They must also be
trained in the following:
• PPE,
• Their assigned rescue duties, and
• Basic first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). (At least one so
trained employee must be available during rescues).
Rescuers must simulate practice rescues from actual or representative permit spaces at
least annually.
Attendants must be trained in the following:
• The hazards that may be faced during entry,
• Behavioral effects of hazards to entrants,
• Maintaining count and identity of entrants,
• Remaining outside the permit space during entry until relieved,
• Maintaining communication with entrants to monitor and alert them if
evacuation is necessary,
• Monitoring activities inside and outside the space to ensure acceptable entry
conditions and ordering evacuation if necessary,
• Summoning rescue and other services when authorized entrants need
16
Training assistance to escape from hazards,
Requirements • Taking appropriate action when unauthorized persons approach or enter a
(Continued) permit space,
• Performing non-entry rescue according to the employer’s rescue procedures,
and
• Restricting activities to duties that do not interfere with the attendant’s
primary responsibility to monitor and protect authorized entrants.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.146 Permit-required confined spaces.
Tools
Standard Appendix – 1910.146 Non-Mandatory Appendix F, Rescue Team or Rescue
Service Evaluation Criteria.
Interpretation Letter – May 9, 1994, Battalion Chief Chase Sargent, Permit Required
Confined Space Standard as it relates to rescue services.
9. 29 CFR 1910.156 Fire brigades
When an employer establishes a fire brigade to respond to workplace fires, it must meet
organizational, training, and personal protective equipment requirements. This section applies to
fire brigades, industrial fire departments and private or contractual type fire departments. It does
not apply to airport crash rescue or forest fire fighting operations.
Procedural, Prepare and maintain a fire brigade written organizational statement. Document fire
Program, brigade member training information in the organizational statement.
and/or
Ensure employees expected to fight fires are physically capable to perform assigned
Equipment
duties.
Requirements
Inspect and maintain fire fighting equipment annually. Inspect respirators and fire
extinguishers monthly. Remove and replace damaged equipment.
Supply protective clothing with components to protect the head, body, and extremities
at no cost to the employee.
Ensure fire brigade members are provided with and use compliant respirators.
Training Provide training in the amount and frequency necessary to prepare members for their
Requirements expected duties and any special hazards they may encounter.
Ensure the quality of fire brigade training is equivalent to the training provided by the
specified fire training schools referenced in the standard.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.156 Fire Brigades.
Tools
Supporting Statement for Paperwork Reduction Act 1995 Submissions – Fire
brigades (Organizational Statement).
Interpretation letter – February 22, 1991, Mr. Richard H. Timms, Respirators for fire-
fighters.
17
Assistance Interpretation Letter – April 26, 2002, Mr. Steve Boykin, Training requirements for
Tools fire brigade members.
(Continued)
Interpretation Letter – June 20, 1997, Regional Administrators, SCBA Cylinder
Interchangeability.
National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) Code – Life Safety Code NFPA 101.
National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) Code – Standard on Comprehensive
Occupational Medical Program for Fire Departments NFPA 1582.
10. 29 CFR 1910.262 Textiles
This section applies to textile machinery, equipment, and other plant facility characteristics
except processes used exclusively in synthetic fiber manufacturing.
Procedural, Supply a copious and flowing supply of fresh, clean water wherever acids or caustics
Program, are used.
and/or
When hazards are present or likely to be present, select and use PPE in accordance
Equipment
with 1910.132, 1910.133, and 1910.134.
Requirements
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.262 Textiles.
Tools
Standard – 29 CFR 1910.5(c) Applicability of the Standards.
11. 29 CFR 1910.266 Logging operations
Logging operations include felling and moving trees or logs from the stump to the delivery point.
The risk of injury increases with dangerous environmental conditions and when worksites do not
have immediate accessibility to health care facilities.
Procedural, Provide sufficient and adequate first aid kits for worksites and transport vehicles.
Program, Provide sufficient kits based on the number of employees, anticipated hazards, and
and/or worksite isolation.
Equipment
Maintain contents of each first aid kit in a serviceable condition.
Requirements
Training Provide and keep current minimum first aid and CPR training for each supervisor and
Requirements employee.
18
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.266 Logging Operations.
Tools
Standard – 29 CFR 1910.266 Appendix A First-Aid Kits (Mandatory).
Standard – 29 CFR 1910.5(c) Applicability of the Standards.
OSHA Website Safety and Health Topics – Logging.
E-Tools – Logging eTool.
12. 29 CFR 1910.268 Telecommunications
This section applies to all aspects of work performed at telecommunications centers and at
telecommunications field installations. This includes outdoor and indoor locations.
Procedural, Do not perform tree work during storm or emergency conditions. When an emergency
Program, condition develops due to tree operations, implement procedures to suspend work and
and/or notify the electric utility system operator/owner.
Equipment
If work includes entry into a manhole occupied jointly by telecommunication and
Requirements
electric utilities, or if there is a potential that a safety hazard exists, provide an
employee who is immediately available to render first aid.
Provide quick-drenching and/or eye-flushing facilities for battery handling areas.
Provide first aid kits approved by a consulting physician, ensuring the kits are readily
accessible, inspected monthly, and replenished as necessary.
Training Provide employees with appropriate training on emergency situation procedures and
Requirements first aid (including instruction in artificial respiration).
Train employees working with storage batteries on emergency procedures for acid
spills.
Maintain proper training certifications for employment duration.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.268 Telecommunications.
Tools
13. 29 CFR 1910.269 Electric power generation, transmission and distribution
This section covers the operation and maintenance of electric power generation, control,
transformation, transmission, and distribution lines and equipment.
19
Procedural, Ensure that an employee with training is immediately available outside an enclosed
Program, space with potential hazards and ready to give emergency assistance and first aid.
and/or If energized electric equipment is contained in a manhole where work is being
Equipment performed, ensure that the attendant is also trained to provide CPR.
Requirements
Provide equipment to ensure the prompt and safe rescue of employees from enclosed
spaces.
Provide medical care and first aid as required in 29 CFR 1910.151(b) (Note: See
Section I.A.3.). Place supplies in weatherproof containers if the supplies could be
exposed to weather. Inspect and maintain first aid kits often enough, at least
annually, to ensure replacement of needed or expired items.
Provide water or showers for emergency use when chemically cleaning boilers and
pressure vessels in power generating plants.
Provide emergency repair kits near the shelter or enclosure for prompt repair of leaks
in lines, equipment, or containers of chlorine systems.
Training Train employees in emergency procedures applicable to their work, such as pole top
Requirements and manhole rescue.
Train sufficient employees in first aid and CPR, when working on or near exposed
lines or equipment at 50 volts or more.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.269 Electric power generation, transmission, and
Tools distribution.
Interpretation letter – February 22, 1999, Richard S. Terrill, CPR/first-aid training
and working along provisions.
Interpretation letter – February 13, 1997, Electric power generation, transmission,
and distribution standard regarding pole-top rescue.
14. 29 CFR 1910.272 Grain handling facilities
Grain handling facility regulations cover a wide range of grain handling operations and include
emergency planning and training requirements. Some typical emergencies that may occur at
these facilities include fires, explosions, and electrocutions.
Procedural, Develop and implement an emergency action plan according to 29 CFR 1910.38
Program, (Note: See Section I.B.1.).
and/or
Provide two or more emergency escape routes from galleries or bin decks.
Equipment
Requirements Provide emergency escape route(s) for grain elevator tunnels.
Provide a body harness and lifeline or boatswain’s chair for entry into grain storage
structures when the employee enters at or above the grain level.
Ensure that a properly equipped observer maintains communication with an employee
who enters a bin, silo, or tank. Provide rescue equipment designed for the storage
structure.
20
Training Train employees who serve as observers for entry into grain storage structures on
Requirements rescue procedures, including notification for additional assistance.
Explain the emergency action plan to contractors. Notify contractors of potential fire
and explosion hazards related to their work and work area.
Inform contractors performing work at the grain handling facility of known potential
fire and explosion hazards related to the contractor's work and work area.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.272 Grain handling facilities.
Tools
Standard – 29 CFR 1910.272 Appendix A Grain handling facilities.
OSHA Safety and Health Topics – Grain Handling.
NIOSH ALERT – July 1986, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 86-118, Preventing
Fatalities Due to Fires and Explosions in Oxygen-Limiting Silos.
National Agriculture Safety Database – Dawna L. Cyr and Steven B. Johnson, Ph.D.
University of Maine Grain Storage Safety.
15. 29 CFR 1910 Subpart T Diving Operations
(29 CFR 1910.104 Scope and application,
1910.410 Qualifications of dive team,
1910.420 Safe practice manual,
1910.421 Pre-dive procedures, and
1910.422 Procedures during dive)
These standards cover diving and related support operations conducted in connection with all
types of work and employments, including general industry, construction, ship repairing,
shipbuilding, shipbreaking, and longshoring. They include requirements for a safe practices
manual, including emergency procedures. These standards also require the posting of emergency
information, the availability of first aid kit(s), emergency communication equipment, and
employee CPR and emergency training.
Procedural, Develop and maintain a safe practices manual that includes emergency procedures for
Program, fire, equipment failure, adverse environmental conditions, and medical illness and
and/or injury for each diving mode. Make the manual available at the dive location to each
Equipment dive team member.
Requirements
Ensure that the planning of a diving operation includes an assessment of emergency
procedures.
Prior to each diving operation, ensure that a list of telephone or call numbers for the
following is kept at the dive location:
• An operational decompression chamber (if not at the dive location),
• Accessible hospitals,
• Available physicians,
• Available means of transportation, and
• The nearest U.S. Coast Guard Rescue Coordination Center.
21
Procedural, Provide at the dive location a first aid kit appropriate for the diving operation and
Program, approved by a physician. When used in a decompression chamber or bell, ensure the
and/or first aid kit is suitable for use under hyperbaric conditions.
Equipment
Provide an American Red Cross standard first aid handbook or equivalent, and a bag-
Requirements
type manual resuscitator with transparent mask and tubing at the dive location.
(Continued)
Provide an operational, two-way communication system at the dive location for
obtaining emergency assistance.
Training Ensure that dive team members have experience and/or provide training in diving
Requirements operations and emergency procedures.
Ensure that all dive team members are trained in CPR and first aid (American Red
Cross standard course or equivalent).
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.401 Scope and application.
Tools
Standard – 29 CFR 1910.410 Qualifications of dive team.
Standard – 29 CFR 1910.420 Safe practice manual.
Standard – 29 CFR 1910.421 Pre-dive procedures.
Standard – 29 CFR 1910.422 Procedures during dive.
Directive – STD 01-17-001 – 29 CFR 1910.401-1910.441, Subpart T, - Commercial
Diving Operations.
OSHA Website Safety and Health Topics – Commercial Diving.
16. 29 CFR 1910.1003 13 Carcinogens (4-Nitrobiphenyl, etc.);
1910.1004 alpha-Naphthylamine,
1910.1006 Methyl chloromethyl ether,
1910.1007 3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts),
1910.1008 bis-Chloromethyl ether,
1910.1009 beta-Naphthylamine,
1910.1010 Benzidine,
1910.1011 4-Aminodiphenyl,
1910.1012 Ethyleneimine,
1910.1013 beta-Propiolactone,
1910.1014 2-Acetylaminofluorene,
1910.1015 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene, and/or
1910.1016 N-Nitrosodimethylamine
This standard covers any area in which the 13 carcinogens identified in the standard are
manufactured, processed, repackaged, released, handled, or stored. The standard requires that an
employer establish a regulated area where any of the 13 carcinogens are being handled and
includes requirements addressing emergency releases in these areas. An emergency means an
unforeseen circumstance or set of circumstances resulting in a carcinogen release that may result
in employee exposure to or contact with the material.
22
Procedural, Post appropriate signs at regulated area entrances and exits.
Program,
Prescribe and post specific emergency procedures.
and/or
Equipment Provide emergency showers and eyewash fountains near, within sight of, and on the
Requirements same level where a direct exposure to Ethyleneimine or beta-Propiolactone would be
most likely as a result of equipment failure or improper work practice.
Evacuate areas where an emergency release has occurred. Correct the hazardous
conditions and decontaminate the area before restarting normal operations.
Ensure that employee(s) who were exposed shower as soon as possible.
Provide special medical surveillance by a physician within 24 hours for employees
located in an area where an emergency release has occurred.
Report all releases that may expose employees to the OSHA Area Director within 24
hours. File a written report to the nearest OSHA Area Director within 15 calendar
days.
Training Before an employee is authorized to enter a regulated area provide, and review at
Requirements least annually, training on the purpose and his or her role in emergency procedures,
how to recognize situations that may result in a carcinogen release, and specific first
aid care.
Familiarize and rehearse with employees the specific emergency procedures that are
prescribed and posted.
Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do
not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR
1910.134.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.1003 13 Carcinogens (1910.1004-1016).
Tools
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) – Pocket Guide to
Hazardous Chemicals.
OSHA Website Safety and Health Topics – Carcinogens.
17. 29 CFR 1910.1017 Vinyl chloride
This section applies to a variety of vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride operations and uses but
does not apply to the handling or use of fabricated products made of polyvinyl chloride.
Emergencies involving vinyl chloride occur when operations are likely to or actually result in a
massive vinyl chloride release.
23
Procedural, Post appropriate signs at entrances to regulated areas, areas containing hazardous
Program, operations, or where an emergency exists.
and/or
For each facility using vinyl chloride as a liquid or compressed gas, develop a written
Equipment
operational plan for emergencies. Ensure that the plan addresses hazardous
Requirements
operations, hazardous release correction, and evacuation of the release area.
Provide protective equipment for those working in hazardous areas and hazardous
release areas.
Provide appropriate medical surveillance to an employee exposed to an emergency.
Report all emergencies to the OSHA Area Director within 24 hours.
Training Include emergency procedures, how to recognize conditions that may result in a vinyl
Requirements chloride release, and fire hazards and prevention in the employee training program.
Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do
not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR
1910.134.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.1017 Vinyl chloride.
Tools
Interpretation letter – March 10, 1986, Mr. Donald G. Mader, Definitions of "massive
release", "equipment failure", and "emergency" under the vinyl chloride standard.
18. 29 CFR 1910.1027 Cadmium
This standard applies to all occupational exposures to cadmium and cadmium compounds, in all
forms. The standard requires the development of a written plan for emergencies involving
substantial releases of airborne cadmium and includes requirements for employee training on
emergencies and medical examinations.
Develop and implement a written plan for dealing with emergency situations
Procedural,
involving substantial releases of airborne cadmium. At a minimum, the plan must
Program,
include
and/or
Equipment
• Provisions for the use of appropriate respirators and PPE, and
Requirements
• Restrictions for employees not essential to correcting the emergency
situation from the area and normal operations halted in that area until the
emergency is abated.
Select and provide appropriate respirators for emergencies.
Provide required medical examinations as soon as possible to any employee who may
have been acutely exposed to cadmium because of an emergency.
24
Provide training, including training on emergency procedures, prior to or at the time
Training
of initial assignment to a job involving potential exposure to cadmium and at least
Requirements
annually thereafter.
Ensure employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do not
evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with
29 CFR 1910.134.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.1027 Cadmium.
Tools
Standard Appendix – 1910.1027 Appendix A, Substance safety data sheet –
Cadmium.
19. 29 CFR 1910.1028 Benzene
This standard covers benzene, in various forms, with exception to some fuels, certain storage
facilities, materials with extremely small concentrations, and specific operations using benzene.
Situations that are considered emergencies involving benzene include, but are not limited to,
equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment, which may or does
result in an unexpected significant benzene release.
Procedural, Post signs at entrances to regulated areas.
Program,
Select and provide appropriate respirators for emergencies.
and/or
Equipment Whenever spills, leaks, ruptures, or other breakdowns occur that may lead to
Requirements employee exposure, monitor (using area or personal sampling) after the cleanup of the
spill or repair of the leak, rupture, or other breakdown to ensure that exposures have
returned to the level that existed prior to the incident.
Provide medical surveillance, required urine and blood analysis, and follow-up testing
and consultation, as designated.
Training Train employees on the applicable requirements in 29 CFR 1910.1200 (Hazard
Requirements communication standard), the procedural and equipment requirements in 1910.1028,
and respiratory protection.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.1028 Benzene.
Tools
Standard Appendix – 1910.1028 Appendix A, Substance safety data sheet, Benzene.
25
20. 29 CFR 1910.1029 Coke oven emissions
Coke oven emissions are produced by the destructive distillation or carbonization of coal.
Exceptions to applying this standard may occur when other Federal agencies exercise statutory
authority that affects occupational safety and health. An emergency includes, but is not limited to,
equipment failure that is likely to, or does, result in any massive coke oven emission release.
Procedural, Post applicable signs in regulated areas.
Program,
Select and provide appropriate respirators for emergencies.
and/or
Equipment Do not begin the next coking cycle following an emergency until the cause of the
Requirements emergency is determined and corrected, unless the cycle is necessary to determine the
cause of the emergency.
Training Include a review of emergency procedures and respirator use in the training program.
Requirements
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.1029 Coke oven emissions.
Tools
21. 29 CFR 1910.1044 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane
This section applies to occupational exposure to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) except
when used as a fertilizer or when sealed appropriately in a container. An emergency includes, but
is not limited to, equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment which
may, or does, result in an unexpected release of DBCP.
Procedural, Post applicable signs that indicate all regulated areas.
Program,
Develop, and implement as necessary, a written plan for emergencies for each
and/or
workplace containing DBCP.
Equipment
Requirements Select and provide appropriate respirators, protective clothing and equipment for
emergencies.
Evacuate employees not engaged in responding to the emergency and do not resume
normal operations until the emergency is abated.
Install and maintain an alarm for alerting employees in case of a DBCP emergency.
Provide medical surveillance and exposure monitoring when employees are exposed
during a DBCP emergency.
26
Training Inform employees about the emergency and first aid procedures in Appendix A.
Requirements
Ensure that employee training covers a review of 29 CFR 1910.1044, including
emergency requirements.
Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do
not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR
1910.134.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.1044 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane.
Tools
Standard Appendix – 1910.1044 Appendix A, Substance safety data sheet for DBCP.
Standard Appendix – 1910.1044 Appendix B, Substance technical guidelines for
DBCP.
22. 29 CFR 1910.1045 Acrylonitrile
This section applies to occupational exposures to acrylonitrile (AN). Exceptions apply to some
uses, handling, emissions, and temperatures. Any unexpected massive AN release is considered
an emergency.
Procedural, Identify the rooms in the workplace that contain AN by posting appropriate signs.
Program,
Select and provide appropriate respirators for emergencies.
and/or
Equipment Develop, and implement as necessary, a written plan for emergencies involving AN.
Requirements
Install and maintain an alarm for alerting employees in case of an AN emergency.
Evacuate employees not engaged in correcting the emergency and do not allow their
return until the emergency is abated.
Report all AN emergencies to the OSHA Area Office within 72 hours.
Training Include information about the emergency and first aid procedures in Appendix A.
Requirements
Provide emergency procedure training upon initial assignment and at least annually
thereafter.
Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do
not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR
1910.134.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.1045 Acrylonitrile.
Tools
Standard Appendix – 1910.1045 Appendix A, Substance safety data sheet for
acrylonitrile.
27
23. 29 CFR 1910.1047 Ethylene oxide
Ethylene oxide (EtO) possesses several physical and health hazards that merit special attention.
This section applies to all occupational exposures to ethylene oxide (EtO) except some processes,
uses, or handling of products containing EtO. A situation is an emergency when an unexpected
significant release of EtO is likely to or does occur. This standard also applies to EtO used in
emergency response efforts to clean up anthrax contaminated sites.
Procedural, Post applicable signs that identify the rooms where EtO is used.
Program,
Select and provide appropriate respirators for emergencies.
and/or
Equipment Develop, and implement as necessary, a written plan for emergencies involving EtO.
Requirements Include the elements required by 29 CFR 1910.38 and 1910.39.
Install and maintain a general alarm to promptly alert employees of an EtO
emergency and evacuate all employees from the area in an emergency situation.
Provide medical exams and consultations to employees exposed during an EtO
emergency.
Training Initially, and at least annually, train employees in emergency EtO procedures.
Requirements
Inform applicable employees about the emergency and first aid procedures in
Appendix A.
Train employees on how to detect workplace EtO releases.
Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do
not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR
1910.134.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.1047 Ethylene oxide.
Tools
Standard Appendix – 29 CFR 1910.1047 Appendix A, Substance safety data sheet for
ethylene oxide (non-mandatory).
Interpretation Letter – December 11, 1998, Mr. Darrel Giraud, Use of ethylene oxide
alarm systems with sensors.
24. 29 CFR 1910.1048 Formaldehyde
This standard applies to all occupational exposures to formaldehyde. An emergency includes, but
is not limited to, equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment that
results in an uncontrolled release of formaldehyde in a significant amount.
28
Procedural, Ensure that procedures are adopted and implemented to minimize injury and loss of
Program, life for each workplace, where an emergency involving formaldehyde is a possibility.
and/or
Select and provide appropriate respirators for emergencies.
Equipment
Requirements Provide full body protection protective clothing for emergency reentry into areas of
unknown concentration.
Provide eyewash facilities in areas based on exposure probability.
For all employees exposed to formaldehyde during an emergency, make medical
examinations and surveillance available, and provide details about the exposure to the
physician as soon as possible.
Training Train employees in emergency procedures, including the specific duties for each
Requirements employee during an emergency.
Provide instruction for handling spills and cleanup procedures.
Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do
not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR
1910.134.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.1048 Formaldehyde.
Tools
Standard Appendix – 29 CFR 1910.1048 Appendix C, Medical surveillance –
Formaldehyde.
Interpretation Letter – December 12, 1989, Mr. Thomas J. Dufficy, Requirements
under the formaldehyde standard for quick drench showers, eye wash facilities,
emergency plans and sampling.
25. 29 CFR 1910.1050 Methylenedianiline
This section covers general industry occupational exposures to Methylenedianiline (MDA),
except as provided by the standard. The standard requires a written plan for emergencies and
addresses emergency alerting means, protective equipment, and medical surveillance.
"Emergency" means any occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment failure, rupture of
containers, or failure of control equipment that results in an unexpected and potentially hazardous
release of MDA.
Procedural,
Develop and implement a written plan for emergency situations where there is a
Program,
possibility of an emergency. At a minimum, the plan must
and/or
Equipment
• Specifically provide that employees engaged in correcting emergency
Requirements
conditions shall be equipped with the appropriate PPE and clothing until the
emergency is abated.
• Specifically include provisions for alerting and evacuating affected
employees.
• Include elements prescribed in Emergency action plans (29 CFR 1910.38)
and Fire prevention plans (29 CFR 1910.39).
29
Procedural,
Where there is the possibility of employee exposure to MDA due to an emergency,
Program,
provide means to promptly alert employees who have the potential to be directly
and/or
exposed.
Equipment
Requirements
Ensure that employees not engaged in correcting emergency conditions are
(Continued)
immediately evacuated in the event of an emergency.
Select and provide appropriate respirators for use during emergencies.
Make available a medical surveillance program, as provided by the standard, for
employees exposed to MDA during an emergency situation.
Training Provide employees with information and training on MDA, in accordance with
Requirements 29 CFR 1910.1200(h), at the time of initial assignment and at least annually
thereafter.
Ensure employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do not
evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR
1910.134.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.1050 Methylenedianiline.
Tools
Standard Appendix – 1910.1050 Appendix A, Substance data sheet, for 4,4'-
Methylenedianiline.
26. 29 CFR 1910.1051 1,3-Butadiene
This section applies to all occupational exposures to 1,3-Butadiene (BD), except as provided by the
standard. The standard requires a written plan for emergencies and addresses protective equipment and
medical surveillance. "Emergency situation" means any occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment
failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment that may or does result in an uncontrolled
significant release of BD.
Procedural,
Develop and implement a written plan for emergency situations where there is a
Program,
possibility of an emergency. At a minimum, the plan must include applicable
and/or
elements prescribed in
Equipment
Requirements
• Emergency action plans (29 CFR 1910.38),
• Fire prevention plans (29 CFR 1910.39), and
• Hazardous waste operations and emergency response (29 CFR 1910.120).
Make available a medical screening and surveillance program, as provided by the
standard, for employees exposed to BD during an emergency situation. Ensure that
medical screening is conducted following an emergency situation as quickly as
possible, but not later than 48 hours after exposure.
Select and provide appropriate respirators for use during emergencies.
30
Provide training, including training on emergency procedures, prior to or at the time
Training
of initial assignment to a job potentially involving exposure to BD at or above the
Requirements
action level or short-term exposure limit and at least annually thereafter.
Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do
not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with
29 CFR 1910.134.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.1051 1,3 Butadiene.
Tools
Standard Appendix – 1910.1051 Appendix A – Substance safety data sheet for 1,3-
Butadiene.
Directive – CPL 02-02-066 – 1,3-Butadiene.
27. 29 CFR 1910.1052 Methylene Chloride
This standard applies to all occupational exposures to methylene chloride (MC). It establishes
requirements for employers to control occupational exposure to MC and addresses protective
equipment, eyewash facilities, and medical surveillance for emergencies. "Emergency" means
any occurrence, such as, but not limited to, equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of
control equipment, which results, or is likely to result in an uncontrolled release of MC.
Ensure that incidental leaks are repaired and that incidental spills are promptly
Procedural,
cleaned up by employees who use the appropriate personal protective equipment and
Program,
are trained in proper methods of cleanup. If employees respond to cleanup an
and/or
emergency release of MC, implement an emergency response as described in 29 CFR
Equipment
1910.120(q).
Requirements
Select and provide appropriate respirators for use during emergencies.
Provide within the immediate work area and ensure that affected employees use
appropriate emergency eyewash facilities if it is reasonably foreseeable that an
employee's eyes may contact solutions containing 0.1 percent or greater MC (for
example through splashes, spills, or improper work practices).
Provide emergency medical surveillance, treatment, and decontamination, as provided
by the standard, for employees exposed to MC during an emergency.
Provide training and information for each affected employee prior to or at the time of
Training
initial assignment to a job involving potential exposure to MC.
Requirements
Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do
not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with
29 CFR 1910.134.
31
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.1052 Methylene Chloride.
Tools
Standard Appendix – 1910.1052 Appendix A, Substance Safety Data Sheet and
Technical Guidelines for Methylene Chloride.
Directive – CPL 02-02-070 – Inspection Procedures for Occupational Exposure to
Methylene Chloride Final Rule 29 CFR Part 1910.1052, 29 CFR Part 1915.1052 and
29 CFR 1926.1152.
28. 29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in
laboratories
This standard covers the laboratory use of hazardous chemicals and supercedes the health
standards of 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z, with a few exceptions for employee exposure limits, eye
and skin contact, and action levels as it relates to medical surveillance. Emergencies in labs
include occurrences that result in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical into the
workplace.
Procedural, Include hazard determination and controls in the chemical hygiene plan.
Program,
When a spill, leak, explosion, or other event occurs, determine the need for a medical
and/or
examination by providing affected employees the opportunity for medical
Equipment
consultation.
Requirements
Training Provide training on how to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical.
Requirements
Train employees in specific emergency procedures.
Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do
not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR
1910.134.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in
Tools laboratories.
Standard Appendix – 29 CFR 1910.1450 Appendix A, National Research Council
Recommendations Concerning Chemical Hygiene in Laboratories (Non-Mandatory).
D. Requirements that Support Emergency Response and
Preparedness
1. 29 CFR 1910.132 General requirements (Personal Protective Equipment)
This standard applies to PPE for eyes, face, head, and extremities, protective clothing; respiratory
devices, and protective shields and barriers. Emergency situations often require PPE and must
meet these general requirements when not addressed in a hazard- or industry-specific standard.
32
Procedural, Assess the workplace for hazards that are present or likely to be present.
Program,
Select and ensure the use of PPE based on the workplace assessment.
and/or
Equipment
Requirements
Training Provide PPE training to all employees required to use PPE. Retrain employees when
Requirements it is believed the employee does not have the understanding or skill to properly use
the PPE.
Verify that each affected employee has received and understood the required training
through a written certification.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.132 General requirements (Personal Protective Equipment).
Tools
Standard Appendix – 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I Appendix B, Non-mandatory
Compliance Guidelines for Hazard Assessment and Personal Protective Equipment
Selection.
Fact Sheet – OSHA Fact Sheet, Personal Protective Equipment.
Other Agency Guidance – Center for Disease Control, Personal Protective Equipment
Program.
Other Agency Guidance – NIOSH, Recommendations for Chemical Protective
Clothing.
2. 29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory protection
The standard covers respirator use when atmospheric contamination cannot be reduced through
effective engineering controls. An emergency situation means any occurrence such as, but not
limited to, equipment failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment that may or
does result in an uncontrolled significant release of an airborne contaminant.
Procedural, Select and provide respirators suitable for the intended purpose.
Program,
When respirators are required, establish and implement a written respiratory
and/or
protection program that includes procedures for proper respirator use in emergency
Equipment
situations. Update the program when changes in workplace conditions affect
Requirements
respirator use.
Clean and disinfect emergency respirators after each use. Ensure that emergency
respirators are properly stored and inspected. Certify emergency-only respirators by a
certification tag or other proper documentation method.
For entry into Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) environments,
provide retrieval equipment or equivalent means for rescue of employees. Maintain
required personnel and communications for emergency rescue.
For interior structural firefighting, ensure that at least two employees who remain in
contact with one another enter the structure.
33
Procedural, Provide sufficient standby personnel when employees enter IDLH environments.
Program, During interior structural firefighting, provide at least two standby personnel.
and/or
Provide and ensure the use of self-contained breathing apparatuses during interior
Equipment
structural firefighting.
Requirements
(Continued)
Training Train, at least annually, all employees required to use a respirator on how to use the
Requirements respirator effectively in emergency situations, including situations in which the
respirator malfunctions.
Provide training on the respiratory hazards employees may potentially be exposed to
in emergency situations.
Train and equip employees who provide emergency rescue in IDLH atmospheres.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory protection.
Tools
Standard Appendix – 29 CFR 1910.134 Appendix B, Respirator Cleaning
Procedures (Mandatory).
Publication – Questions and Answers on the Respiratory Protection Standard.
Publication – Small Entity Compliance Guide for the Revised Respiratory Protection
Standard.
E-Tools – Respiratory Protection.
Interpretation Letter – April 29, 1998, J. Curtis Varone, Esq., Two-in/two-out
procedure in firefighting/IDLH environments.
3. 29 CFR 1910.1000 Air contaminants
This standard establishes exposure limits for air contaminants. The standard includes ceiling
concentrations and 8-hour time-weighted average limits for contaminants. It also provides a
designation when exposure to the skin is a significant route of exposure. Note: The standard also
includes limits for “Acceptable maximum peak above the acceptable ceiling concentration for an
8-hour shift” for some contaminants (Table Z-2). In addition, other OSHA standards include
short-term exposure limits for some contaminants.
Procedural, Ensure that employee exposures do not exceed the limits provided by the standard.
Program, Exposures must be limited through engineering controls, administrative controls, and,
and/or as a last resort, PPE.
Equipment
Requirements
34
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.1000 Air contaminants.
Tools
Standard Appendix – 29 CFR 1910.1000 TABLE Z-1, Limits for Air Contaminants.
Standard Appendix – 29 CFR 1910.1000 TABLE Z-2.
Standard Appendix – 29 CFR 1910.1000 TABLE Z-3, Mineral Dusts.
4. 29 CFR 1910.1030 Bloodborne pathogens
This section applies to all occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials.
Occupational exposure means reasonably anticipated contact with blood or other potentially
infectious materials that may result from the performance of an employee's duties. Employees
who are responsible for rendering first aid or medical assistance as part of their job duties are
covered by the protections of the standard.
Procedural, Establish and maintain a written Exposure Control Plan when there is occupational
Program, exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials. This plan must be
and/or designed to eliminate or minimize employee exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
Equipment
Prepare an exposure determination for job classifications having occupational
Requirements
exposure.
Provide appropriate PPE when employee exposure remains after the institution of
engineering and work practice controls.
Provide hepatitis B vaccine and vaccination series to all employees who have
occupational exposure. Provide post-exposure evaluation and follow-up to all
employees who have had an exposure incident in accordance with the Centers for
Disease Control guidelines current at the time of the evaluation or procedure.
Training Provide initial and annual bloodborne pathogens training to employees with
Requirements occupational exposure.
Provide information on the appropriate actions to take and persons to contact in the
event of an emergency involving contact with blood or other potentially infectious
materials.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.1030 Bloodborne Pathogens.
Tools
Directive – CPL 02-02-069 – Enforcement Procedures for the Occupational
Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens.
Interpretation – February 1, 1993, Most frequently asked questions concerning the
bloodborne pathogens standard.
5. 29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard communication
The hazard communication standard is intended to ensure that the hazards of all chemicals
produced or imported are evaluated and that information concerning these hazards is transmitted
35
to employers and employees. This standard includes hazardous chemicals that employees may be
exposed to in a foreseeable emergency.
Procedural, Chemical manufacturers and importers must obtain or develop a material safety data
Program, sheet that includes emergency and first aid procedures for each hazardous chemical
and/or they produce or import.
Equipment
Develop and implement a hazard communication program. Ensure that material
Requirements
safety data sheets for each hazardous chemical used and the hazard communication
program are available to workers in the workplace.
For employees that travel between workplaces during a workshift, ensure that
employees can immediately obtain the required information in an emergency.
Training Provide training and information to employees on how to identify the release of
Requirements hazardous chemicals in the work area, protect themselves from exposure, and
implement emergency procedures.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard communication.
Tools
Directive – CPL 02-02-038 – Inspection Procedures for the Hazard Communication
Standard.
Frequently Asked Questions – Hazard Communication (HAZCOM).
NOTE: In addition to the General Industry standards highlighted in this publication, the following
standards also contain limited emergency-related requirements: 29 CFR 1910.68 Manlifts; 1910.1001
Asbestos; 1910.1018 Arsenic; and 1910.1096 Ionizing radiation.
36
II. Shipyard Employment (29 CFR 1915) Requirements for
Emergency Response and Preparedness
A. General Requirements for Workplaces
1. 29 CFR 1915.52 Fire prevention
This standard covers fire prevention during welding, cutting, and heating operations for shipyard
employment. It contains requirements to reduce fire potential, provide fire extinguishing
equipment, and ensure that sufficient people are informed and available to assist in identifying
and controlling fire hazards.
Procedural, For ship building and repairing, provide sufficient additional personnel (fire watch
Program, personnel) for welding, cutting, and heating operations when necessary to guard
and/or against fire during and after those operations.
Equipment
Provide fire extinguishing equipment in ship breaking work areas that is suitable for
Requirements
the fire hazards and ready for use.
Training Instruct fire watch personnel of potential fire hazards and on the use of fire fighting
Requirements equipment.
Instruct all ship breaking personnel expected to contain fires as to the fire hazards and
the use of fire fighting equipment.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1915.52 Fire Prevention.
Tools
E-Tools – Shipyard Employment – Ship Repair.
2. 29 CFR 1915.98 First aid
This standard covers first aid requirements for shipyard employment. It contains requirements to
ensure the availability of first aid equipment and employee(s) qualified to provide first aid.
Procedural, Unless a first aid room or qualified attendant is close at hand to render care, provide
Program, an adequate first aid kit where work is being performed. Kits must be checked at
and/or least weekly to ensure they are sufficiently stocked.
Equipment
When 10 or more employees are working at a location, ensure a stretcher(s) is
Requirements
available and kept close to the vessels. This is not a requirement if available
ambulance services are known to carry such stretchers.
Training Ensure that at least one employee, close at hand, is qualified to render first aid.
Requirements
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1915.98 First aid.
Tools
E-Tools – Shipyard Employment – Ship Repair.
37
B. Additional Requirements for Workplaces Referenced in Other
Requirements
There are no additional requirements for workplaces referenced in other requirements.
C. Additional Requirements for Specific Workplaces/Operations
1. 29 CFR 1915.12 Diving Operations
See Section I.C.15. (29 CFR 1910 Subpart T).
2. 29 CFR 1915.1003 13 Carcinogens (4-Nitrobiphenyl, etc.);
1915.1004 alpha-Naphthylamine,
1915.1006 Methyl chloromethyl ether,
1915.1007 3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts),
1915.1008 bis-Chloromethyl ether,
1915.1009 beta-Naphthylamine,
19100.1010 Benzidine,
1910.1011 4-Aminodiphenyl,
1915.1012 Ethyleneimine,
1910.1013 beta-Propiolactone,
1910.1014 2-Acetylaminofluorene,
1915.1015 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene, and/or
1915.1016 N-Nitrosodimethylamine.
See Section I.C.16. (29 CFR 1910.1003).
3. 29 CFR 1915.1017 Vinyl chloride
See Section I.C.17. (29 CFR 1910.1017).
4. 29 CFR 1915.1027 Cadmium
See Section I.C.18. (29 CFR 1910.1027).
5. 29 CFR 1915.1028 Benzene
See Section I.C.19. (29 CFR 1910.1028).
38
6. 29 CFR 1915.1044 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane
See Section I.C.21. (29 CFR 1910.1044).
7. 29 CFR 1915.1045 Acrylonitrile
See Section I.C.22. (29 CFR 1910.1045).
8. 29 CFR 1915.1047 Ethylene oxide
See Section I.C.23. (29 CFR 1910.1047).
9. 29 CFR 1915.1048 Formaldehyde
See Section I.C.24. (29 CFR 1910.1048).
10. 29 CFR 1915.1050 Methylenedianiline
See Section I.C.25. (29 CFR 1910.1050).
11. 29 CFR 1915.1052 Methylene Chloride
See Section I.C.27. (29 CFR 1910.1052).
12. 29 CFR 1915.1450 Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in
laboratories
See Section I.C.28. (29 CFR 1910.1450).
C. Requirements that Support Emergency Response and
Preparedness
1. 29 CFR 1915.152 General requirements (Personal Protective Equipment)
This standard covers the general requirements for evaluating the need for PPE, selecting the
proper equipment, training employees on proper use, and ensuring that PPE is used by
employees.
39
Procedural, Assess work activities to determine if any hazards require the use of PPE, and
Program, document that hazard assessment.
and/or
Select, provide, and ensure the use of appropriate PPE for each employee who is
Equipment
exposed to work hazards requiring PPE.
Requirements
Training Inform affected employees of the PPE selected based on the hazard assessment.
Requirements
Train each employee required to use PPE to understand when and what PPE is
necessary; how to put on and remove PPE; how to wear and adjust PPE; the
limitations and useful life of equipment; and the care, maintenance, and disposal of
PPE.
Employees must demonstrate the ability to use PPE prior to performing work
requiring its use.
Retrain employees who don’t understand or display the skills necessary to properly
use PPE. Changes in an employee’s work task or duties, changes in the types of PPE
used, and indications that an employee has not retained the knowledge to properly use
PPE require retraining.
Document all employee training with the date, employee’s name, and type of training.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1915.152 General requirements (Personal Protective Equipment).
Tools
E-Tools – Shipyard Employment – Ship Repair.
2. 29 CFR 1915.154 Respiratory protection
See Section I.D.2. (29 CFR 1910.134).
3. 29 CFR 1915.1000 Air contaminants
This standard establishes employee exposure limits for air contaminants. The standard includes
ceiling limits and 8-hour time-weighted average limits for contaminants.
Procedural, Ensure that employee exposures do not exceed the limits provided by the standard.
Program, Exposures should be limited through engineering controls, administrative controls,
and/or and, as a last resort, PPE.
Equipment
Requirements
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1915.1000 Air contaminants.
Tools
40
4. 29 CFR 1915.1030 Bloodborne pathogens
See Section I.D.4. (29 CFR 1910.1030).
5. 29 CFR 1915.1200 Hazard communication
See Section I.D.5. (29 CFR 1910.1200).
NOTE: In addition to the shipyard employment standards highlighted in this publication, the following
standards also contain limited emergency-related requirements: 29 CFR 1915.12 Precautions and the
order of testing before entering confined and enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres; and
1915.92 Illumination.
41
III. Marine Terminals (29 CFR 1917) Requirements for
Emergency Response and Preparedness
A. General Requirements for Workplaces
1. 29 CFR 1917.22 Hazardous cargo
This standard covers hazardous cargo in cargo handling operations. It addresses hazard
identification and awareness, leak and spill procedures, and employee protection.
Procedural, Prior to cargo handling, determine if hazardous cargo will be handled and the nature
Program, of the hazards.
and/or
Remove employees from areas of a hazardous cargo spill or leak until the specific
Equipment
hazards have been identified.
Requirements
Once the hazards of spilled hazardous cargo have been identified, provide any
equipment, clothing, and ventilation and fire protection equipment necessary to
eliminate or protect against the hazard. Actual cleanup or disposal work shall be
conducted under the supervision of a designated person.
Training Inform employees of potential cargo hazards and precautions to protect themselves.
Requirements
Instruct employees to give notification in the case of spills or leaks and ensure that
employees are informed of safe spill cleanup and container disposal methods.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1917.22 Hazardous cargo.
Tools
2. 29 CFR 1917.23 Hazardous atmospheres and substances
This standard covers areas where the employer knows, or has reason to believe, that a hazardous
atmosphere or substance may exist. Requirements cover hazard determination, testing during
ventilation, and entry into areas containing hazardous atmospheres.
Procedural, Protect persons entering a space containing a hazardous atmosphere by testing the
Program, atmosphere and providing appropriate respiratory and emergency protective
and/or equipment.
Equipment
Except for emergency or rescue operations, do not permit employees to enter into any
Requirements
atmosphere which has been identified as flammable or oxygen deficient (less than
19.5 percent oxygen).
Standby observers must continuously monitor the activities of employees who enter
an area containing a hazardous atmosphere.
Post signs at entry to spaces with hazardous, flammable, or oxygen-deficient
atmospheres to prevent inadvertent entry.
Training Provide instruction to persons entering a space containing a hazardous atmosphere
Requirements regarding the hazards, precautions to be taken, and the use of protective and
emergency equipment. Standby observers must also be instructed similarly.
42
Training In emergency or rescue operations where entry into flammable or oxygen-deficient
Requirements atmospheres is necessary, train employees as to the hazards and the use of self-
(Continued) contained breathing apparatus (SCBAs).
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1917.23 Hazardous atmospheres and substances.
Tools
Standard – 29 CFR 1917.152 Welding, cutting and heating (hot work).
3. 29 CFR 1917.26 First aid and lifesaving facilities
This standard includes the requirements for first aid, stretchers, life rings, and communication for
marine terminals.
Procedural, Make available at the terminal a first aid kit appropriate for the hazards found in
Program, marine cargo handling operations. The kit’s contents must be checked often enough
and/or to ensure prompt replacement of needed or expired items.
Equipment
Provide stretchers in operable condition for each vessel being worked.
Requirements
Provide a life ring at each waterside work area where there is potential for drowning.
Provide a telephone or other effective means of communication.
Training When work is in progress, at least one person must have a current first aid certificate
Requirements to provide first aid care.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1917.26 First aid and lifesaving facilities.
Tools
4. 29 CFR 1917.30 Emergency action plans
An emergency action plan establishes procedures that prevent fatalities, injuries, and property
damage. The plan must cover the actions the employer and employees are to take to ensure
employee safety in the case of fire or other emergencies.
Procedural, Prepare an emergency action plan. The plan does not need to be written and may be
Program, communicated orally if there are 10 or fewer employees. At a minimum, the plan
and/or must include
Equipment • Escape procedures and escape routes,
Requirements
• Procedures for those who remain to conduct critical operations prior to
evacuation,
• Procedures to account for employees after evacuation,
• The rescue and medical duties of employees,
• The fire and emergency reporting procedures, and
• Who to contact for further information or explanation about the plan.
Establish an emergency alarm system for emergency action and/or evacuation.
If employees are directed to respond to an emergency that is beyond the scope of the
emergency action plan required by 29 CFR 1917.30, then ensure compliance with the
requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120(q).
43
Training Review the emergency action plan with each employee when the plan is developed,
Requirements when they are initially assigned to work, his or her responsibilities change or the plan
changes.
Train employee(s) who are expected to assist in the safe and orderly evacuation.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1917.30 Emergency action plans.
Tools
5. 29 CFR 1917.128 Signs and marking
This standard for terminal facilities includes requirements for posting of signs for first aid
facilities, firefighting and emergency equipment, exits, and emergency contact information.
Procedural, Conspicuously post signs for locations of first aid facilities, telephones, firefighting
Program, and emergency equipment, and fire exits.
and/or
Equipment Conspicuously post telephone numbers of the closest ambulance service, hospital or
Requirements other source of medical attention, police, fire department, and emergency squad (if
any).
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1917.128 Signs and marking.
Tools
B. Additional Requirements for Workplaces Referenced in Other
Requirements
There are no additional requirements for workplaces referenced in other requirements.
C. Additional Requirements for Specific Workplaces/Operations
1. 29 CFR 1917.1 Scope and applicability (29 CFR 1910 Subpart T
Commercial Diving applies to marine terminals)
See Section I.C.15. (29 CFR 1910 Subpart T).
2. 29 CFR 1917.73 Termination facilities handling menhaden and similar
species of fish
This standard addresses termination facilities handling menhaden and similar species of fish. It
includes requirements for personal protective and rescue equipment for hazardous atmospheres,
stand-by rescue personnel for entry into hazardous atmospheres, and employee training.
44
Appropriately train the plant superintendent and foremen about the hazards of
Training
hydrogen sulfide and oxygen deficiency, the use of appropriate respiratory and other
Requirements
protective equipment, and the rescue procedures.
Inform other supervisory plant personnel of hydrogen sulfide and oxygen deficiency
hazards and instruct them in the necessary safety measures, including use of
respiratory and rescue equipment.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1917.73 Termination facilities handling menhaden and similar
Tools species of fish.
D. Requirements that Support Emergency Response and
Preparedness
1. 29 CFR 1917.25 Fumigants, pesticides, insecticides, and hazardous
preservatives
This standard covers fumigants, pesticides, insecticides, and hazardous preservatives at marine
terminal operations. The standard includes requirements for providing emergency protective
equipment and training employees who enter spaces containing hazardous atmospheres.
Procedural, Allow only designated persons to enter hazardous atmospheres.
Program,
and/or Provide and ensure the use of appropriate respiratory and emergency protective
Equipment equipment for persons entering a space containing a hazardous atmosphere. Similarly
Requirements equip standby observers.
Training Provide instruction to persons entering a space containing a hazardous atmosphere on
Requirements the nature of the hazard(s), precautions to be taken, and the use of protective and
emergency equipment.
Ensure standby observers continuously monitor the activity of employees within
spaces containing a hazardous atmosphere.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1917.25 Fumigants, pesticides, insecticides and hazardous
Tools preservatives.
45
2. 29 CFR 1917.28 Hazard communication
See Section I.D.5. (29 CFR 1910.1200).
3. 29 CFR 1917.92 Respiratory protection
See Section I.D.2. (29 CFR 1910.134).
4. 29 CFR 1917.95 Other protective measures
This marine terminal standard includes requirements for protective clothing, personal flotation
devices, and emergency facilities.
Procedural, When employees are exposed to hazardous substances that may require emergency
Program, bathing, eye-washing, or other facilities, provide and maintain such facilities.
and/or
Equipment
Requirements
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1917.95 Other protective measures.
Tools
NOTE: In addition to the marine terminal standards highlighted in this publication, the following
standards also contain limited emergency-related requirements: 29 CFR 1917.45 Cranes and derricks;
1917.49 Spouts, chutes, hoppers, bins, and associated equipment; 1917.117 Manlifts; and 1917.157
Battery charging and changing.
46
IV. Longshoring (29 CFR 1918) Requirements for
Emergency Response and Preparedness
A. General Requirements for Workplaces
1. 29 CFR 1918.93 Hazardous atmospheres and substances
This standard covers areas where the employer knows, or has reason to believe, that a hazardous
atmosphere or substance may exist. Requirements cover hazard determination, testing during
ventilation, and entry into areas containing hazardous atmospheres.
Procedural, Protect persons entering a space containing a hazardous atmosphere by providing
Program, appropriate respiratory and emergency protective equipment.
and/or
Standby observers must continuously monitor the activities of employees who enter
Equipment
an area containing a hazardous atmosphere.
Requirements
Training Provide instruction to persons entering a space containing a hazardous atmosphere
Requirements regarding the hazards, precautions to be taken, and the use of protective and
emergency equipment. Standby observers must also be instructed similarly.
In emergency or rescue operations where entry into flammable or oxygen-deficient
atmospheres is necessary, train employees as to the hazards and the use of SCBAs.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1918.93 Hazardous atmospheres and substances.
Tools
2. 29 CFR 1918.94 Ventilation and atmospheric conditions
This standard covers ventilation and atmospheric conditions for the longshoring industry. It
includes requirements concerning carbon monoxide, fumigated cargo, grain dust, and fish
catches.
Procedural, When employees are entering a compartment containing a hazardous or unknown
Program, concentration of fumigants for testing of the atmosphere, or for emergency purposes,
and/or protect each employee with appropriate respiratory protective equipment meeting the
Equipment provisions of 29 CFR 1910.134 (per 29 CFR 1918.102).
Requirements
Provide any protective clothing and other PPE recommended by the fumigant
manufacturer for protection against hazards.
Ensure that at least two similarly equipped employees are stationed outside the
compartment as observers, to provide rescue services in case of emergency.
Provide one or more employees on duty to provide any specific emergency medical
treatment stipulated for the particular fumigant.
Ensure that emergency equipment is readily accessible wherever fumigated grains are
being handled.
47
Training Train employees who are to provide emergency care on any specific emergency
Requirements medical treatment stipulated for the particular fumigant(s).
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1918.94 Ventilation and atmospheric conditions.
Tools
3. 29 CFR 1918.97 First aid and lifesaving facilities
This standard includes the requirements for first aid, stretchers, life-rings, and communication for
the longshoring industry.
Procedural, Make available at or near each vessel being worked a first aid kit appropriate for the
Program, hazards found in marine cargo handling facilities. The kit’s contents must be checked
and/or often enough to ensure prompt replacement of needed or expired items.
Equipment
Provide stretchers in operable condition for each vessel being worked.
Requirements
Provide a life-ring and line in the vicinity for each vessel being worked and for each
floating vessel.
Provide a telephone or other effective means of communication.
Training When work is in progress, ensure that at least one person has a current first aid
Requirements certificate to render first aid.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1918.97 First aid and lifesaving facilities.
Tools
Standard Appendix – 29 CFR 1918 Appendix V, Basic Elements of a First Aid
Training Program (Non-mandatory).
4. 29 CFR 1918.100 Emergency action plans
An emergency action plan establishes procedures that prevent fatalities, injuries, and property
damage. The plan must cover the actions the employer and employees are to take to ensure
employee safety in the case of fire or other emergencies.
Procedural, Prepare an emergency action plan. The plan does not need to be written and may be
Program, communicated orally if there are 10 or fewer employees. At a minimum, the plan
and/or must include
Equipment
Requirements • Escape procedures and escape routes,
• Procedures for those who remain to conduct critical operations prior to
evacuation,
• Procedures to account for employees after evacuation,
• The rescue and medical duties of employees,
• The fire and emergency reporting procedures, and
• Who to contact for further information or explanation about the plan.
48
Procedural, Establish an emergency alarm system for emergency action and/or evacuation.
Program,
and/or
Equipment
Requirements
(Continued)
Training Review the emergency action plan with each employee when the plan is developed,
Requirements when they are initially assigned to work, his or her responsibilities change or the plan
changes.
Train employee(s) who are expected to assist in the safe and orderly evacuation.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1918.100 Emergency action plans.
Tools
B. Additional Requirements for Workplaces Referenced in Other
Requirements
There are no additional requirements for workplaces referenced in other requirements.
C. Additional Requirements for Specific Workplaces/Operations
1. 29 CFR 1918.1 Scope and application (29 CFR 1910 Subpart T
Commercial Diving applies to marine terminals)
See Section I.C.15. (29 CFR 1910 Subpart T).
D. Requirements that Support Emergency Response and
Preparedness
1. 29 CFR 1918.90 Hazard communication
See Section I.D.5. (29 CFR 1910.1200).
2. 29 CFR 1918.102 Respiratory protection
See Section I.D.2. (29 CFR 1910.134).
NOTE: In addition to the longshoring standards highlighted in this publication, the following standards
also contain limited emergency-related requirements: 29 CFR 1918.85 Containerized cargo operations;
and 1918.88 Log operations.
49
V. Construction (29 CFR 1926) Requirements for
Emergency Response and Preparedness
A. General Requirements for Workplaces
1. 29 CFR 1926.23 First aid and medical attention, and
1926.50 Medical services and first aid
These first aid and medical service requirements apply to construction work only. The standard
establishes requirements for first aid and medical care for job-related injuries.
Procedural, Make arrangements before a project begins to ensure that medical personnel are
Program, available for advice and consultation on occupational health matters.
and/or
First aid supplies shall be easily accessible when required. Ensure that kits are
Equipment
checked before being sent out to a job and at least weekly to replace used items.
Requirements
Provide suitable facilities for immediate emergency use for quick drenching and
flushing of the eyes and body, if exposure to corrosive materials is possible.
Provide proper equipment to transport the injured person to a physician or hospital or
a communication system for contacting necessary ambulance service.
Post the telephone numbers of physicians, hospitals, or ambulances, where 911
service is not available.
Training In the absence of readily accessible medical services, a person who has a valid
Requirements certificate in first aid training from the U.S. Bureau of Mines, the American Red
Cross, or equivalent training that can be verified by documentary evidence must be
available at the worksite to render first aid.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1926.23 First aid and medical attention.
Tools
Standard – 29 CFR 1926.50 Medical services and first aid.
Interpretation Letter – December 1, 1976, Ms. Deborah A. Moser, Accessibility of a
hospital or physician in terms of distance and travel time.
2. 29 CFR 1926.24 Fire protection and prevention,
1926.150 Fire protection, and
1926.151 Fire prevention
These standards apply to construction, repair, alteration, and demolition work. The standards
require the development of a fire prevention and protection program and the availability of fire
suppression equipment.
50
Procedural, Develop a fire protection program to provide equipment for potential fire hazards.
Program, Conspicuously locate firefighting equipment.
and/or
Equipment Provide fire extinguishers and other firefighting equipment based on site conditions
Requirements and site fire hazards (fire classes).
Periodically inspect and maintain firefighting equipment. Replace defective
equipment.
Where warranted by the project, provide a trained and equipped firefighting
organization (fire brigade).
Establish an alarm system to alert employees on the site and the local fire department
of an emergency. Post alarm code(s) and reporting instructions at phones and at
employee entrances.
Ensure that material storage and potential ignition sources do not create a fire hazard.
Store materials so that exits are not impeded.
Training If a fire brigade is necessary, adequately train the fire brigade.
Requirements
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1926.24 Fire protection and prevention.
Tools
Standard – 29 CFR 1926.150 Fire protection.
Standard – 29 CFR 1926.151 Fire prevention.
3. 29 CFR 1926.34 Means of egress
This standard provides requirements to ensure that egress is unobstructed and clearly marked.
Procedural, Maintain unobstructed egress from every building and structure where employees are
Program, working.
and/or
Mark all exits with signs and mark access to exits where it is not immediately
Equipment
apparent how to exit.
Requirements
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1926.34 Means of egress.
Tools
51
B. Additional Requirements for Workplaces Referenced in Other
Requirements
1. 29 CFR 1926.35 Employee emergency action plans
In preparing for fire and other emergencies, an emergency action plan establishes procedures to
ensure employee safety and health. An emergency action plan is a workplace requirement when
another applicable standard requires it. The following standards reference or require compliance
with 1926.35: 29 CFR 1926.64 and 1926.65.
Procedural, Prepare and implement a written emergency action plan. The plan does not need to
Program, be written and may be communicated orally if there are 10 or fewer employees.
and/or
Develop a plan that includes
Equipment
Requirements • Emergency escape procedures and route assignment,
• Procedures for those who remain to conduct critical operations,
• Procedures to account for employees after the emergency,
• Rescue and medical duties of those assigned to them,
• Means of reporting fires and emergencies, and
• Names or titles of those to contact for further information about the plan.
Establish an employee alarm system.
Training Review the emergency action plan with each employee when the plan is developed,
Requirements responsibilities shift, or the emergency procedures change.
Provide specific training to employees who are expected to assist in the evacuation.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1926.35 Employee emergency action plans.
Tools
C. Additional Requirements for Specific Workplaces/Operations
1. CFR 29 1926.60 Methylenedianiline
This section covers occupational exposures to Methylenedianiline (MDA) in construction work,
except as provided by the standard. The standard requires a written plan for emergencies and
addresses emergency alerting means and escape, protective equipment, and medical surveillance.
"Emergency" means any occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment failure, rupture of
containers, or failure of control equipment that results in an unexpected and potentially hazardous
release of MDA.
52
Develop and implement a written plan for emergency situations where there is a
Procedural,
possibility of an emergency. At a minimum, the plan must
Program,
and/or • Identify emergency escape routes for employees at each construction site
Equipment before the construction operation begins.
Requirements
• Specifically provide that employees engaged in correcting emergency
conditions shall be equipped with the appropriate PPE and clothing until the
emergency is abated.
• Include elements prescribed in Emergency action plans (29 CFR 1910.38)
and Fire prevention plans (29 CFR 1910.39).
Where there is the possibility of employee exposure to MDA due to an emergency,
provide means to promptly alert employees who have the potential to be directly
exposed.
Ensure that employees not engaged in correcting emergency conditions are
immediately evacuated in the event of an emergency.
Select and provide appropriate respirators for use during emergencies.
Make available a medical surveillance program, as provided by the standard, for
employees exposed to MDA during an emergency situation.
Training Provide employees with information and training on MDA, in accordance with
Requirements 29 CFR 1910.1200 (h), at the time of initial assignment and at least annually
thereafter.
Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do
not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR
1910.134.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1926.60 Methylenedianiline.
Tools
Standard Appendix – 1926.60 Appendix A, Substance data sheet, for 4,4'-
Methylenedianiline.
2. CFR 29 1926.64 Process safety management (PSM) of highly hazardous
chemicals
See Section I.C.3. (29 CFR 1910.119)
3. 29 CFR 1926.65 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response,
paragraphs (b) Safety and health program through (o) New technology
programs
See Section I.C.4. (29 CFR 1910.120, paragraphs (b)-(o)).
53
4. 29 CFR 1926.65, paragraph (p) Certain operations conducted under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA)
See Section I.C.5. (29 CFR 1910.120, paragraph (p))
5. 29 CFR 1926.65, paragraph (q) Emergency response to hazardous
substance releases
See Section I.C.6. (29 CFR 1910.120, paragraph (q))
6. 29 CFR 1926.651 Specific excavation requirements
This standard provides safety and rescue requirements for work in open excavations, including
trenches.
Procedural, Provide emergency rescue equipment, such as a respirator, a safety harness and
Program, lifeline, or a basket stretcher when an excavation contains or potentially contains a
and/or hazardous atmosphere. Ensure that person(s) attend the equipment in case of
Equipment emergency.
Requirements
Provide and ensure the use of a safety harness and lifeline when employee(s) perform
work in bell-bottom pier holes, or other similar deep and confined footing
excavations. Ensure that person(s) attend the lifeline while worker(s) are in the
excavation.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1926.651 Specific excavation requirements.
Tools
7. 29 CFR 1926.800 Underground construction
This section applies to the construction of underground tunnels, shafts, chambers, and
passageways. This section also applies to cut-and-cover excavations which are both physically
connected to ongoing underground construction operations within the scope of this section, and
covered in such a manner as to create conditions characteristic of underground construction. It
includes emergency provisions for evacuation and employee check-in/check-out.
Procedural, Where there is a potential environmental or structural failure hazard, develop and
Program, maintain a check-in/check-out procedure to provide an accurate count of the number
and/or of persons underground in the event of an emergency.
Equipment
For work in underground hazardous locations, provide means to summon emergency
Requirements
assistance to an employee working alone who is not being observed or can’t request
assistance by voice.
Ensure hoist shafts used as means of egress during emergency include power-assisted
54
hoisting capability, unless the regular hoisting means can operate during electrical
Procedural,
power failure.
Program,
and/or Ensure that air monitoring is performed meeting the requirements of 29 CFR
Equipment 1926.800(j). When continuous sampling indicates that hydrogen sulfide concentra-
Requirements tions reach 20 parts per million, a visual and aural alarm shall signal additional
(Continued) measures, such as respirator use, increased ventilation, or employee evacuation.
Whenever 20 percent or more of the lower explosive limit for methane or other
flammable gases is detected, employees, except those necessary to eliminate the
hazard, shall be immediately evacuated to a safe location above ground.
Select, provide, and make immediately available NIOSH approved self-rescuers to all
employees in underground areas where employees might be trapped by smoke or gas.
Designate at least one person to be on duty above ground to summon emergency aid
for, and keep count of, underground employees.
Provide an acceptable portable hand lamp or cap lamp to each underground employee
for emergency use, unless natural light or an emergency lighting system is sufficient
for escape.
Establish at least two 5-person rescue teams for jobsites where 25 or more employees
work underground at one time. Establish at least one rescue team where there are less
than 25 employees working underground.
Ensure that underground construction operations meet the fire prevention and control
requirements provided by 29 CFR 1926.800(m).
Training Instruct all employees on fire prevention and protection and emergency procedures,
Requirements including evacuation plans and check-in/check-out systems.
Qualify, at least annually, rescue team members in rescue procedures, the use and
limitations of respirators, and the use of firefighting equipment.
On sites where hazardous levels of flammable or noxious gases are found or
anticipated, ensure that rescue team members practice monthly the donning and use of
SCBAs.
Ensure that rescue teams are familiar with jobsite conditions.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1926.800 Underground construction.
Tools
Interpretation Letter – May 3, 2001, Mr. Craig Jorsch, Application of 1926.800 to
lone employees working underground in a tunnel or shaft connected to a tunnel.
8. 29 CFR 1926.950 General requirements (Power Transmission and
Distribution)
This standard covers erection of new electric transmission and distribution lines and equipment,
and the alteration, conversion, and improvement of existing electric transmission and distribution
lines and equipment. The standard includes specific emergency procedures and first aid
requirements.
55
Procedural, Provide spotlights or portable lights for emergency lighting when needed to work
Program, and/or safely at night.
Equipment
Requirements
Training Provide training and ensure that employees understand emergency procedures and
Requirements first aid fundamentals including CPR. (Alternatively, meet the requirements of
29 CFR 1926.50(c), Note: See Section V.A.1.)
Assistance Tools Standard – 29 CFR 1926.950 General requirements (Power Transmission and
Distribution).
The following construction standards are identical to those set forth in the corresponding general industry
standards (29 CFR Part 1910).
9. 29 CFR 1926 Subpart T Diving Operations
(29 CFR 1926.1071 Scope and application,
1926.1076 Qualifications of dive team,
1926.1080 Safe practice manual,
1926.1081 Pre-dive procedures, and
1926.1082 Procedures during dive)
See Section I.C.15. (29 CFR 1910 Subpart T)
10. 29 CFR 1926.1103 13 Carcinogens, etc. (4-Nitrobiphenyl, etc.);
1926.1104 alpha-Naphthylamine,
1926.1106 Methyl chloromethyl ether,
1926.1107 3, 3’-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts),
1926.1108 bis-Chloromethyl ether,
1926.1109 beta-Naphthylamine,
1926.1110 Benzidine,
1926.1111 4-Aminodiphenyl,
1926.1112 Ethyleneimine,
1926.1113 beta-Propiolactone,
1926.1114 2-Acetylaminofluorene,
1926.1115 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene, and/or
1926.1116 N-Nitrosodimethylamine
See Section I.C.15. (29 CFR 1910.1003)
11. 29 CFR 1926.1117 Vinyl chloride
See Section I.C.17. (29 CFR 1910.1017)
56
12. 29 CFR 1926.1127 Cadmium
This standard applies to all construction industry occupational exposures to cadmium and
cadmium compounds, in all forms. The standard requires the development of a written plan for
emergencies involving substantial releases of airborne cadmium and includes requirements for
employee training on emergencies and medical examinations.
Develop and implement a written plan for dealing with emergency situations
Procedural,
involving substantial releases of airborne cadmium. At a minimum, the plan must
Program,
include
and/or
Equipment
• Provisions for the use of appropriate respirators and personal protective
Requirements
equipment; and
• Restrictions for employees not essential to correcting the emergency
situation from the area and normal operations halted in that area until the
emergency is abated.
Select and provide appropriate respirators for emergencies.
Provide required medical examinations as soon as possible to any employee who may
have been acutely exposed to cadmium because of an emergency.
Provide training, including training on emergency procedures, prior to or at the time
Training
of initial assignment to a job involving potential exposure to cadmium and at least
Requirements
annually thereafter.
Ensure that employees who must wear respiratory protection, including those who do
not evacuate but stay to handle emergencies, receive training consistent with 29 CFR
1910.134.
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1926.1127 Cadmium.
Tools
Standard Appendix – 1926.1127 Appendix A, Substance Safety Data Sheet –
Cadmium.
13. 29 CFR 1926.1128 Benzene
See Section I.C.19. (29 CFR 1910.1028)
14. 29 CFR 1926.1129 Coke oven emissions
Note: See Section I.C.20. (29 CFR 1910.1029)
15. 29 CFR 1926.1144 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane
See Section I.C.21. (29 CFR 1910.1044)
57
16. 29 CFR 1926.1145 Acrylonitrile
See Section I.C.22. (29 CFR 1910.1045)
17. 29 CFR 1926.1147 Ethylene oxide
See Section I.C.23. (29 CFR 1910.1047)
18. 29 CFR 1926.1148 Formaldehyde
See Section I.C.24. (29 CFR 1910.1048)
19. 29 CFR 1926.1152 Methylene Chloride
See Section I.C.27. (29 CFR 1910.1052)
D. Requirements that Support Emergency Response and
Preparedness
1. 29 CFR 1926.28 Personal protective equipment and
1926.95 Criteria for personal protective equipment
These general PPE standards address the availability and use of protective equipment for
employees. The standard requires that appropriate equipment be chosen based on site conditions
and hazards and that the employer ensure the equipment’s use.
Procedural, Provide and ensure the use and maintenance of appropriate PPE for site operations
Program, and hazards. Ensure any employee-owned equipment is adequate and properly
and/or maintained.
Equipment
Requirements
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1926.28 Personal protective equipment.
Tools
Standard – 29 CFR 1926.95 Criteria for personal protective equipment.
58
2. 29 CFR 1926.55 Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists
This standard establishes employee exposure limits for air contaminants. The standard includes
ceiling limits and 8-hour time-weighted average limits for contaminants.
Procedural, Ensure that employee exposures do not exceed the limits provided by the standard.
Program, Exposures should be limited through engineering controls, administrative controls,
and/or and, as a last resort, PPE.
Equipment
Requirements
Assistance Standard – 29 CFR 1926.55 Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists.
Tools
Standard Appendix – 1926.55 Appendix A, Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists.
3. 29 CFR 1926.59 Hazard communication
See Section I.D.5. (29 CFR 1910.1200)
4. 29 CFR 1926.103 Respiratory protection
See Section I.D.2. (29 CFR 1910.134)
NOTE: In addition to the construction standards highlighted in this publication, the following standards
also contain limited emergency related requirements: 29 CFR1926.803 Compressed air; 1926.955
Overhead lines; and 1926.956 Underground lines.
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VI. Agriculture (29 CFR 1928) Requirements for Emergency
Response and Preparedness
A. General Requirements for Workplaces
1. 29 CFR 1928.21 Applicability of Standards in 29 CFR Part 1910
This standard provides that certain standards contained in 29 CFR 1910 (General Industry) are
applicable to agricultural operations. Several of the standards, listed below, contain emergency-
related requirements.
• Logging operations, 29 CFR 1910.266 (See Section I.C.11.)
• Storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia, 29 CFR 1910.111(a) and (b) (See
Section I.C.2.)
• Hazard communication, 29 CFR 1910.1200 (See Section I.D.5.)
• Cadmium, 29 CFR 1910.1027 (See Section I.C.18.)
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Additional Online Emergency Assistance Information
OSHA
OSHA's Emergency Preparedness and Response Page
This webpage provides links to Emergency Preparedness and Response materials to assist
employers and employees in planning for all types of emergencies in the workplace. Guidance
published includes the Evacuation Planning Matrix, Evacuation eTool, and the Fire and
Explosion Matrix. The webpage also includes a link to OSHA’s electronic Health and Safety
Plan (e-HASP). The electronic, interactive e-HASP Guide is intended to be used by health and
safety professionals to provide “model” language in preparing a site’s HASP.
How to Plan for Workplace Emergencies and Evacuations – OSHA Publication 3088
The booklet is written to help employers plan for emergencies and develop an emergency action
plan.
Other Sources of Information
Department of Homeland Security Website
Federal Emergency Management Agency Website
National Response Team Website
State Emergency Response Agency Websites
DOT’s 2002 Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG2002)
OSHA Assistance
OSHA can provide extensive help through a variety of programs, including technical assistance
about effective safety and health programs, state plans, workplace consultations, voluntary
protection programs, strategic partnerships, training and education, and more. An overall
commitment to workplace safety and health can add value to your business, to your workplace,
and to your life.
Safety and Health Program Management Guidelines
Effective management of employee safety and health protection is a decisive factor in reducing
the extent and severity of work-related injuries and illnesses and their related costs. In fact, an
effective safety and health program forms the basis of good employee protection and can save
time and money and increase productivity and reduce employee injuries, illnesses, and related
workers’ compensation costs.
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To assist employers and employees in developing effective safety and health programs, OSHA
published recommended Safety and Health Program Management Guidelines (54 Federal
Register (16): 3904-3916, January 26, 1989). These voluntary guidelines can be applied to all
places of employment covered by OSHA.
The guidelines identify four general elements critical to the development of a successful safety
and health management system:
• Management leadership and employee involvement,
• Worksite analysis,
• Hazard prevention and control, and
• Safety and health training.
The guidelines recommend specific actions, under each of these general elements, to achieve an
effective safety and health program. The Federal Register notice is available online at
www.osha.gov.
State Programs
The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) encourages states to develop and
operate their own job safety and health plans. OSHA approves and monitors these plans.
Twenty-four states, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands currently operate approved state plans:
22 cover both private and public (state and local government) employment; Connecticut, New
Jersey, New York, and the Virgin Islands cover the public sector only. States and territories with
their own OSHA-approved occupational safety and health plans must adopt standards identical
to, or at least as effective as, the Federal OSHA standards.
Consultation Services
Consultation assistance is available on request to employers who want help in establishing and
maintaining a safe and healthful workplace. Largely funded by OSHA, the service is provided at
no cost to the employer. Primarily developed for smaller employers with more hazardous
operations, the consultation service is delivered by state governments employing professional
safety and health consultants. Comprehensive assistance includes an appraisal of all mechanical
systems, work practices, and occupational safety and health hazards of the workplace and all
aspects of the employer’s present job safety and health program. In addition, the service offers
assistance to employers in developing and implementing an effective safety and health program.
No penalties are proposed or citations issued for hazards identified by the consultant. OSHA
provides consultation assistance to the employer with the assurance that his or her name and firm
and any information about the workplace will not be routinely reported to OSHA enforcement
staff.
Under the consultation program, certain exemplary employers may request participation in
OSHA’s Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program (SHARP). Eligibility for
participation in SHARP includes receiving a comprehensive consultation visit, demonstrating
exemplary achievements in workplace safety and health by abating all identified hazards, and
developing an excellent safety and health program.
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Employers accepted into SHARP may receive an exemption from programmed inspections (not
complaint or accident investigation inspections) for a period of 1 year. For more information
concerning consultation assistance, see OSHA’s website at www.osha.gov.
Voluntary Protection Programs (VPP)
Voluntary Protection Programs and on-site consultation services, when coupled with an effective
enforcement program, expand employee protection to help meet the goals of the OSH Act. The
VPPs motivate others to achieve excellent safety and health results in the same outstanding way
as they establish a cooperative relationship between employers, employees, and OSHA.
For additional information on VPP and how to apply, contact the OSHA regional offices listed at
the end of this publication.
Strategic Partnership Program
OSHA’s Strategic Partnership Program, the newest member of OSHA’s cooperative programs,
helps encourage, assist, and recognize the efforts of partners to eliminate serious workplace
hazards and achieve a high level of employee safety and health. Whereas OSHA’s Consultation
Program and VPP entail one-on-one relationships between OSHA and individual worksites, most
strategic partnerships seek to have a broader impact by building cooperative relationships with
groups of employers and employees. These partnerships are voluntary, cooperative relationships
between OSHA, employers, employee representatives, and others (e.g., trade unions, trade and
professional associations, universities, and other government agencies).
For more information on this and other cooperative programs, contact your nearest OSHA office,
or visit OSHA’s website at www.osha.gov.
Alliance Program
Through the Alliance Program, OSHA works with groups committed to safety and health,
including businesses, trade or professional organizations, unions and educational institutions, to
leverage resources and expertise to develop compliance assistance tools and resources and share
information with employers and employees to help prevent
injuries, illnesses and fatalities in the workplace.
Alliance program agreements have been established with a wide variety of industries including
meat, apparel, poultry, steel, plastics, maritime, printing, chemical, construction, paper and
telecommunications. These agreements are addressing many safety and health hazards and at-
risk audiences, including silica, fall protection, amputations, immigrant workers, youth and small
businesses. By meeting the goals of the Alliance Program agreements (training and education,
outreach and communication, and promoting the national dialogue on workplace safety and
health), OSHA and the Alliance Program participants are developing and disseminating
compliance assistance information and resources for employers and employees such as electronic
assistance tools, fact sheets, toolbox talks, and training programs.
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OSHA Training and Education
OSHA area offices offer a variety of information services, such as compliance assistance,
technical advice, publications, audiovisual aids, and speakers for special engagements. OSHA’s
Training Institute in Arlington Heights, IL, provides basic and advanced courses in safety and
health for Federal and state compliance officers, state consultants, Federal agency personnel, and
private sector employers, employees, and their representatives.
The OSHA Training Institute also has established OSHA Training Institute Education Centers to
address the increased demand for its courses from the private sector and from other federal
agencies. These centers include colleges, universities, and nonprofit training organizations that
have been selected after a competition for participation in the program.
OSHA also provides funds to nonprofit organizations, through grants, to conduct workplace
training and education in subjects where OSHA believes there is a lack of workplace training.
Grants are awarded annually. Grant recipients are expected to contribute 20 percent of the total
grant cost.
For more information on training and education, contact the OSHA Training Institute,
Directorate of Training and Education, 2020 South Arlington Heights Road, Arlington Heights,
IL, 60005, (847) 297-4810, or see Training on OSHA’s website at www.osha.gov. For further
information on any OSHA program, contact your nearest OSHA regional office listed at the end
of this publication.
Information Available Electronically
OSHA has a variety of materials and tools available on its website at www.osha.gov. These
include electronic compliance assistance tools, such as Safety and Health Topics Pages, eTools,
Expert Advisors; regulations, directives, publications and videos; and other information for
employers and employees. OSHA’s software programs and compliance assistance tools walk you
through challenging safety and health issues and common problems to find the best solutions for
your workplace.
A wide variety of OSHA materials, including standards, interpretations, directives, and more can
be purchased on CD-ROM from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
Documents, toll-free phone (866) 512-1800.
OSHA Publications
OSHA has an extensive publications program. For a listing of free or sales items, visit OSHA’s
website at www.osha.gov or contact the OSHA Publications Office, U.S. Department of Labor,
200 Constitution Avenue, NW, N-3101, Washington, DC 20210: Telephone (202) 693-1888 or
fax to (202) 693-2498.
Contacting OSHA
To report an emergency, file a complaint, or seek OSHA advice, assistance, or products, call
(800) 321-OSHA or contact your nearest OSHA Regional office listed at the end of this
publication. The teletypewriter (TTY) number is (877) 889-5627.
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Written correspondence can be mailed to the nearest OSHA Regional or Area Office listed at the
end of this publication or to OSHA’s national office at: U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational
Safety and Health Administration, 200 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20210.
By visiting OSHA’s website at www.osha.gov, you can also:
• File a complaint online,
• Submit general inquiries about workplace safety and health electronically, and
• Find more information about OSHA and occupational safety and health.
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OSHA Regional Offices
Region I
(CT,* ME, MA, NH, RI, VT*)
JFK Federal Building, Room E340
Boston, MA 02203
(617) 565–9860
Region II
(NJ,* NY,* PR,* VI*)
201 Varick Street, Room 670
New York, NY 10014
(212) 337–2378
Region III
(DE, DC, MD,* PA, VA,* WV)
The Curtis Center
170 S. Independence Mall West
Suite 740 West
Philadelphia, PA 19106-3309
(215) 861–4900
Region IV
(AL, FL, GA, KY,* MS, NC,* SC,* TN*)
SNAF
61 Forsyth Street SW, Room 6T50
Atlanta, GA 30303
(404) 562–2300
Region V
(IL, IN,* MI,* MN,* OH, WI)
230 South Dearborn Street, Room 3244
Chicago, IL 60604
(312) 353–2220
Region VI
(AR, LA, NM,* OK, TX)
525 Griffin Street, Room 602
Dallas, TX 75202
(972) 850-4145
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Region VII
(IA,* KS, MO, NE)
City Center Square
Two Pershing Square
2300 Main Street, Suite 1010
Kansas City, MO 64108-2416
(816) 283-8745
Region VIII
(CO, MT, ND, SD, UT,* WY*)
1999 Broadway, Suite 1690
PO Box 46550
Denver, CO 80201-5716
(720) 264-6550
Region IX
(AZ,* CA,* HI,* NV,* and American Samoa,
Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands)
90 7th Street, Suite 18-100
San Francisco, CA 94103
(415) 625–2547
Region X
(AK,* ID, OR,* WA*)
1111 Third Avenue, Suite 715
Seattle, WA 98101-3212
(206) 553–5930
* These states and territories operate their own OSHA-approved job safety and health programs and
cover state and local government employees as well as private sector employees. The Connecticut, New
Jersey, New York and Virgin Islands plans cover public employees only. States with approved pro-
grams must have standards that are identical to, or at least as effective as, the Federal standards.
Note: To get contact information for OSHA Area Offices, OSHA-approved State Plans and OSHA
Consultation Projects, please visit us online at www.osha.gov or call us at 1-800-321-0SHA.