Table 3. Federal obligations for applied research, by detailed field of science & engineering, and selected agency: fiscal years 1970-2001
[Dollars in thousands] Department of Defense
Field of science & engineering
1970
1971
1972
1973
Total, all fields
1,012,887
987,124
1,175,780
1,129,368
Life sciences, total Biol & agricultural, total Biol (excl environmental) Environmental biology Agricultural
59,861 33,671 NA NA NA
52,334 26,425 NA NA NA
59,637 30,063 NA NA NA
76,830 21,654 NA NA NA
Medical sciences, total Clinical medical Other medical Life sciences, n.e.c.
26,025 24,374 1,651 165
25,497 23,977 1,520 412
29,329 27,396 1,933 245
55,176 46,510 8,666 0
Psychology, total Biological aspects Social aspects Psychological sciences, n.e.c.
18,665 3,782 4,934 9,949
18,071 3,056 5,488 9,527
17,610 2,953 4,017 10,640
27,619 3,246 11,977 12,396
Physical sciences, total Astronomy Chemistry Physics Physical sciences, n.e.c.
196,009 447 31,321 142,506 21,735
162,836 630 31,101 96,532 34,573
227,722 6,450 34,212 137,814 49,246
178,188 323 34,317 100,977 42,571
Environmental sciences, total Atmospheric sciences Geological sciences Oceanography Environmental sciences, n.e.c.
79,487 27,589 22,116 16,922 12,860
88,421 28,858 23,187 19,640 16,736
94,651 31,776 21,348 24,051 17,476
79,744 34,294 16,471 16,278 12,701
Math & computer sciences, total Mathematics Computer sciences Math & computer sciences, n.e.c.
28,495 NA NA NA
34,899 NA NA NA
38,924 NA NA NA
39,264 NA NA NA
Engineering, total Aeronautical Astronautical Chemical
595,230 82,250 16,458 30,149
591,349 74,004 9,727 27,142
681,533 82,882 9,984 19,783
670,629 91,533 9,750 19,958
Civil
13,513
11,942
18,877
22,102
Electrical Mechanical Metallurgy & materials Engineering, n.e.c.
180,720 92,929 44,208 135,003
177,632 100,123 46,525 144,254
222,007 86,064 43,104 198,832
200,908 126,800 43,368 156,210
Social sciences, total Anthropology Economics Political science Sociology
2,876 0 646 889 849
3,237 217 848 661 955
5,435 392 879 529 2,655
4,706 0 557 908 2,686
Social sciences, n.e.c. History Linguistics Other social sciences
492 0 0 492
556 0 0 556
980 0 176 804
555 0 8 547
Other sciences, n.e.c.
32,264
35,977
50,268
52,388
KEY:
NA
= Not applicable (indicates that the data collected for this table were not recorded at that level in that particular fiscal year, or that the agency or subagency did not exist as such or in that organization in that year)
n.e.c. = Not elsewhere classified SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Studies, Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development: Fiscal Years 1999, 2000, and 2001
by detailed field of science gency:
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1,131,465
1,130,942
1,200,596
1,342,591
1,413,648
1,542,571
1,721,428
1,996,615
78,061 25,264 NA NA NA
63,214 23,812 NA NA NA
75,633 24,264 NA NA NA
86,060 37,700 NA NA NA
87,038 29,009 27,288 1,541 180
91,086 36,728 34,101 2,452 175
100,371 41,958 38,757 2,975 226
117,443 51,584 47,693 3,643 248
52,620 44,344 8,276 177
39,097 25,880 13,217 305
50,946 29,977 20,969 423
47,285 31,170 16,115 1,075
54,757 NA NA 3,272
50,830 NA NA 3,528
54,495 NA NA 3,918
65,761 NA NA 98
22,853 2,841 7,545 12,467
30,080 804 15,551 13,725
29,684 706 15,951 13,027
36,567 697 18,815 17,055
35,349 1,181 18,828 15,340
40,270 621 26,997 12,652
45,062 0 38,505 6,557
52,385 0 43,168 9,217
161,698 442 31,873 99,817 29,566
175,419 2,259 30,950 108,952 33,258
186,515 495 35,448 107,605 42,967
215,279 1,189 33,685 119,766 60,639
225,772 1,304 38,891 118,186 67,391
237,016 1,250 59,487 165,477 10,802
243,399 1,498 42,549 158,217 41,135
335,188 1,200 47,218 220,454 66,316
70,505 33,143 12,919 17,505 6,938
74,100 41,882 10,976 15,857 5,385
88,536 43,055 18,132 25,390 1,959
64,746 29,683 16,981 16,646 1,436
69,051 29,741 14,974 18,256 6,080
75,107 41,866 10,495 14,099 8,647
98,677 61,195 10,722 18,889 7,871
107,066 63,009 21,916 18,306 3,835
49,212 NA NA NA
46,750 NA NA NA
55,713 14,224 40,544 945
64,490 8,373 47,079 9,038
63,946 6,665 45,599 11,682
69,058 5,576 50,442 13,040
90,483 7,266 69,336 13,881
88,160 7,537 56,984 23,639
697,023 94,879 10,519 21,199
671,969 105,342 9,797 11,810
698,703 100,679 10,166 15,559
794,913 117,897 24,596 19,522
850,410 124,562 26,876 19,919
909,955 167,716 35,930 25,764
995,489 186,702 67,813 14,539
1,135,983 204,101 68,409 21,807
22,433
25,010
34,288
22,885
22,836
26,450
28,603
32,245
192,167 90,922 39,662 225,242
196,878 100,242 43,739 179,151
179,887 117,226 44,684 196,214
268,119 116,649 55,758 169,487
310,676 139,045 44,150 162,346
322,832 120,583 38,560 172,120
395,636 98,640 46,825 156,731
426,543 109,272 65,717 207,889
6,516 402 1,164 264 3,976
3,733 0 1,068 1,347 392
3,767 18 854 891 314
2,054 0 218 1,404 432
4,282 0 1,033 2,003 1,246
6,484 0 100 1,940 489
686 0 101 71 514
765 0 143 0 577
710 0 0 710
926 0 18 908
1,690 NA NA NA
0 NA NA NA
0 NA NA NA
3,955 NA NA NA
0 NA NA NA
45 NA NA NA
45,597
65,677
62,045
78,482
77,800
113,595
147,261
159,625
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
2,266,137
2,437,029
2,200,674
2,306,876
2,303,348
2,439,957
2,362,201
2,708,197
134,576 21,912 18,208 3,476 228
140,287 17,453 15,006 2,447 0
154,655 23,157 20,362 2,795 0
168,160 24,908 21,660 3,248 0
163,094 23,933 20,025 3,908 0
198,067 32,607 28,665 3,942 0
190,286 33,436 26,955 6,481 0
235,684 56,093 5,737 50,356 0
76,072 NA NA 36,592
83,639 NA NA 39,195
89,470 NA NA 42,028
104,512 NA NA 38,740
98,367 NA NA 40,794
123,106 NA NA 42,354
113,484 NA NA 43,366
134,630 NA NA 44,961
62,358 0 49,765 12,593
67,723 0 54,844 12,879
66,194 452 56,603 9,139
86,163 0 74,977 11,186
81,315 0 68,582 12,733
78,996 865 76,833 1,298
77,193 830 75,118 1,245
80,250 822 69,535 9,893
500,046 1,250 66,601 334,984 97,211
561,991 1,133 66,260 379,741 114,857
477,223 1,085 79,821 285,177 111,140
411,969 1,178 86,265 210,198 114,328
400,047 1,065 90,046 223,097 85,839
377,546 1,297 76,914 201,969 97,366
345,017 1,300 62,462 201,465 79,790
348,460 1,672 64,394 205,379 77,015
109,205 63,915 22,889 18,753 3,648
151,685 100,961 25,782 17,039 7,903
107,092 64,366 16,589 14,873 11,264
154,107 68,198 35,255 36,331 14,323
154,407 64,916 34,079 40,582 14,830
127,748 72,646 34,554 8,210 12,338
124,035 68,863 34,157 7,738 13,277
148,721 68,565 56,349 8,541 15,266
113,858 7,853 64,613 41,392
120,190 6,319 69,046 44,825
104,852 4,690 58,891 41,271
200,124 6,929 104,041 89,154
230,217 4,462 124,156 101,599
226,631 6,658 111,427 108,546
223,586 8,493 112,558 102,535
273,697 17,760 145,665 110,272
1,245,038 218,344 75,222 28,102
1,319,720 279,460 81,434 33,608
1,208,097 222,273 69,905 25,756
1,196,816 170,876 63,865 34,579
1,162,720 169,854 59,750 31,699
1,275,081 217,886 61,092 29,874
1,295,464 201,668 79,861 27,127
1,462,108 210,549 76,410 40,176
37,262
41,383
41,605
61,116
54,161
55,642
55,769
59,859
432,200 114,742 79,812 259,354
455,923 106,598 82,569 238,745
433,366 93,935 92,863 228,394
421,228 135,855 172,453 136,844
456,229 119,109 148,820 123,098
553,558 102,360 96,668 158,001
520,749 111,168 168,598 130,524
608,542 116,585 211,311 138,676
1,129 0 703 0 376
3,939 0 1,742 1,106 322
2,126 0 665 1,129 332
4,711 0 1,013 3,214 484
3,723 0 1,466 1,280 977
2,901 0 1,353 645 903
2,655 0 1,310 471 874
2,669 0 1,399 338 932
50 NA NA NA
769 NA NA NA
0 NA NA NA
0 NA NA NA
0 NA NA NA
0 NA NA NA
0 NA NA NA
0 NA NA NA
99,927
71,494
80,435
84,826
107,825
152,987
103,965
156,608
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
2,581,608
2,723,754
2,974,461
3,515,246
3,039,950
2,950,098
2,857,639
2,786,947
185,383 32,366 26,528 5,838 0
189,087 26,594 20,958 5,636 0
201,894 46,170 26,586 19,584 0
212,513 69,525 41,708 27,817 0
192,328 43,094 12,599 30,495 0
231,606 48,522 16,990 31,532 0
175,932 32,307 19,355 12,902 50
201,910 44,739 31,822 11,527 1,390
110,214 NA NA 42,803
119,461 NA NA 43,032
155,559 NA NA 165
137,417 NA NA 5,571
139,885 NA NA 9,349
144,407 NA NA 38,677
116,215 NA NA 27,410
134,297 NA NA 22,874
70,009 2,759 67,250 0
72,018 3,137 68,881 0
86,319 3,930 65,723 16,666
71,417 3,520 67,367 530
58,038 3,403 51,643 2,992
88,962 3,627 80,127 5,208
43,130 10,524 29,519 3,087
48,567 10,603 34,357 3,607
328,144 1,367 55,444 222,917 48,416
394,395 0 69,884 270,032 54,479
426,542 0 57,908 305,412 63,222
469,039 0 63,709 366,602 38,728
391,176 0 68,093 287,186 35,897
351,906 0 52,263 268,857 30,786
206,489 0 26,920 144,917 34,652
222,303 0 44,160 119,956 58,187
139,705 67,722 54,993 12,329 4,661
110,371 52,944 38,396 12,667 6,364
84,987 17,110 30,637 13,645 23,595
94,206 24,087 30,298 14,457 25,364
97,586 25,028 18,817 16,971 36,770
95,849 21,079 20,858 18,914 34,998
239,444 26,130 29,753 51,891 131,670
239,249 28,266 2,769 55,315 152,899
308,798 14,766 270,013 24,019
248,097 9,421 218,781 19,895
387,997 32,809 335,283 19,905
410,139 28,513 361,281 20,345
446,581 33,632 381,217 31,732
530,668 44,661 442,154 43,853
481,844 45,368 407,466 29,010
465,227 16,883 434,375 13,969
1,404,278 199,201 75,972 32,200
1,577,348 197,536 111,074 37,247
1,639,579 129,083 97,559 23,806
1,995,888 190,514 102,537 57,639
1,704,900 129,279 73,261 28,820
1,533,309 106,112 81,241 31,519
1,593,543 199,129 67,950 35,506
1,493,546 200,788 131,963 21,231
149,246
138,758
170,363
88,261
71,620
72,384
49,372
53,163
436,134 138,615 224,708 148,202
496,284 144,145 341,595 110,709
498,317 153,417 383,649 183,385
578,666 262,654 371,785 343,832
425,379 176,294 372,906 427,341
410,802 174,872 327,818 328,561
366,756 146,299 348,143 380,388
350,470 113,276 302,895 319,760
1,760 0 1,056 0 704
1,774 0 1,064 0 710
2,132 652 888 0 592
1,534 303 739 0 492
981 217 365 0 244
488 0 292 0 196
2,387 0 217 0 145
557 0 373 0 184
0 NA NA NA
0 NA NA NA
0 NA NA NA
0 NA NA NA
155 NA NA NA
0 NA NA NA
2,025 NA NA NA
0 NA NA NA
143,531
130,664
145,011
260,510
148,360
117,310
114,870
115,588
Preliminary 1998 1999
2000
2001
2,939,052
3,102,052
3,393,818
3,196,847
322,860 110,293 100,600 9,154 539
327,733 127,310 117,915 9,395 0
447,881 NA NA NA NA
378,191 NA NA NA NA
187,449 NA NA 25,118
163,325 NA NA 37,098
NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA
48,916 9,787 36,199 2,930
40,114 964 10,501 28,649
39,450 NA NA NA
38,824 NA NA NA
280,665 0 55,936 164,598 60,131
262,109 15,000 42,256 158,175 46,678
237,741 NA NA NA NA
218,246 NA NA NA NA
224,179 28,023 2,856 55,414 137,886
180,579 36,178 3,639 64,091 76,671
201,823 NA NA NA NA
127,711 NA NA NA NA
521,511 37,084 476,710 7,717
521,925 38,808 472,861 10,256
545,245 NA NA NA
588,193 NA NA NA
1,355,443 287,129 31,800 25,012
1,528,382 285,140 39,254 24,209
1,695,399 NA NA NA
1,553,597 NA NA NA
43,330
40,183
NA
NA
339,663 106,266 230,409 291,834
414,573 102,269 193,481 429,273
NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA
176 0 0 0 176
0 0 0 0 0
952 NA NA NA NA
31,650 NA NA NA NA
0 NA NA NA
0 NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA
185,302
241,210
225,327
260,435