APA th edition Presentation ppt Change Project Quote

							        Time for a Change:

                th
Introducing 6 Edition of
       APA Style
      Graceland University
  Thelma Sword, EdD., MSN, RN
             Purpose of Presentation

• To introduce new
  edition of APA

• To clarify some of
  the basics of APA

• To try to eliminate
  some of the APA
  frustrations
                   Presentation Overview
                          • Text pages
• Introduction of             Headings
  major changes (5th          Citations
 edition versus 6th           References
 edition)
• Setting up the
                          • Common Mistakes
  paper
• Order of paper
    Title page
   Abstract
   Body of paper
   References
   Appendix
     Ah, Take a Deep Breath Here

• Just when we thought   • New guidelines for
  we understood APA        electronic references
                         • Use of DOI numbers
                         • New 2010 edition out
                           now
                         • New and improved
                           headings
                         • Other changes: see
                           What’s New & tutorial
                           Web site
                           www.apastyle.org
                5th Edition Versus 6th Edition

• 5th Edition                     • 6th Edition
   – Frequently used headings        – Heading now in order 1-5;
     1, 3, and 4                       Use 1, 2, and 3 most
   – No bolded font in headings        frequently
   – One space after                 – Bolded font in headings
     punctuation at end of           – Two spaces after
     sentence                          punctuation at end of
   – Header used                       sentence
   – No bullets                      – Running head used on title
                                       page; but words Running
                                       head only appear on title
                                       page; header words
                                       appear on all pages
                                     – May use bullets
             More New Items 6th Edition
• Detailed guidelines about decreasing bias (APA
  2010, pp. 70-77)
• Suggested use of personal pronoun instead of
  third person (APA, 2010, p. 69)
• Excellent sample papers (APA, 2010, pp. 41-59)
• Excellent Reference Examples (APA, 2010, pp.
  193+)
• Keywords now added to end of Abstract (APA,
  2010, p. 41)
• In References, with multiple authors seven or
  more, list first six then, …and list last author
  (APA, 2010, pp. 198-199)
              Setting Up the Paper
•    Font (APA, 2010, p. 228)
    – Courier or Times New Roman, 12 point

•    Margins (APA, 2010, p. 229)
    – 1.0 inch all around- ragged right margin
    – Left margin can be l.5 inches if instructor
      has requested the paper to be bound

•    Double spaced (APA, 2010, p.229)
    – Everything is double-space
    – Including quotes and reference page
                             Title Page

•   Page numbers start with title page
    –   Use header/footer feature of Word at top right
        margin (APA, 2010, p.230 )

•   Running head (APA, 2010, p. 229 & corrected
    sample paper )
    –   Includes 2 or 3 words from title
    –   Placed flush with left margin
    –   Words Running head appear only on the title page
    –   Header-words from running head are placed on
        each page
                  Text Pages

•   Title of paper is centered on first page of
    text (APA, 2010, p. 42; sample paper )

•   All paragraphs are indented 5-7 spaces

•   Everything is double spaced

•   Must have at least two lines of a text at
    the bottom of the page or move heading
    to top of next page
                        Headings

• Levels of heading provide order to your
  papers
   – Much like an outline of your thoughts by
     topic areas
   – All topics of equal importance have the
     same level of heading (APA, 2010, pp. 62-63 )
   – Use at least two subsection headings
     within any given section
                 Heading Examples
• 1st Level:
              Centered, Boldface,
          Upper and Lowercase Letters

• 2nd Level:
Flush Left, Boldface, Upper and Lowercase
Letters

• 3rd Level:
      Indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph
      heading ending with period.
           More on Headings

• 4th Level:
      Indented, boldface, italicized,
      lowercase paragraph heading
      ending with a period.

• 5th Level:
      Indented, italicized, lowercase heading
      ending with a period.
             Common Heading Use

• Most papers use only two or three levels
  – Two level papers
     • Use first and second level of headings
  – Three level papers
     • Use first, second, and third levels of
       headings (APA, 2010, pp. 62-63)
                  Regarding Quotes

• See Basic Citation Styles Table 6-1(APA,
 2010, p. 177)


• Short quotes (APA, 2010, pp.170-171) with
  fewer than 40 words are incorporated into
  text and enclosed by quotation marks.

• Example: “Students have problems with
  APA format” (Sword, 2005, p. 276).
  Quote at the End of the Sentence
• End quote with the punctuation outside the
  final parenthesis (APA, 2010, p. 171)

• Example:
  Sword (2005) found “student anxiety about
  APA format disappeared” (p. 276).
                  Block Quotes

• Block quote is quotation of 40 or more
  words
• Indent quote
• Cite the quoted source after the final
  punctuation mark, do not use quotation
  marks
  (APA, 2010, p. 171 )
Example on next slide:
As Sword (2005) discussed
   APA is much easier than one may think
   and students can learn it quickly when
   provided adequate introduction and
   practice using the format. Learning APA
   is a process and students need
   encouragement to practice its use in all
   written work. This assists students in
   remembering formatting details. (p. 176)
Paraphrased Material – Not a Direct Quote

  • Tell reader two items : author’s last name
    (or title of article if no author) and year of
    publication

  • Example: There are many times when
    material is paraphrased (Sword, 2005).
                   Citing Multiple Authors

• With 2 authors: cite both names every time
  used in the text
• With 3, 4, or 5 authors: cite all authors first
  time used, then last name of first author
  and et al. thereafter
• With 6 authors or more: cite only last
  name of first author followed by et al. (APA,
  2010, p. 175 )
                         Citations

• Page number (p.) versus paragraph
  number (para.) (APA, 2010, pp. 171-172)
  • Use paragraph number when electronic
    document does not have page numbers
    listed.
  • Example:
      • “Knowledge of APA improves the
        scholarliness of student papers” (Sword,
        2005, APA section, para. 4).
            Personal Communication
• Personal communications could include
  – E-mails, interviews, phone
    conversations, etc. (APA, 2010, p. 179)
  – Example of interview with nursing
    instructor
     • Citation would be
     (T. Sword, personal communication,
       May 16, 2005)
  – Cited in text, not listed on reference
    page
      References: Crediting Sources

•   Reference page follows text and
    references must be discussed in text
    (APA, 2010 p. 174)
•   Double space and 1st line is flush left
    with remaining lines of reference
    indented 5 spaces (hanging indent)
•   References are alphabetized (APA, 2010, p.
    174 & p. 181 )
•   Reference examples (APA, 2010, p. 193)
                       References
Singer, P., Martin, D., & Kelner, I. (1999). Quality
      of end-of-life care: Patient’s perspectives.
      Hospice & Palliative Care, 28(9), 163-168.
      doi: 10-prefix-suffix
Tchulman-Green, D., McCorkle, R., Johnson-
      Hurzeler, R., & Bradley, E. (2005). Nurses’
      communication of prognosis and
      implications for hospice referral: A study of
      nurses caring for terminally ill hospitalized
      patients. American Journal of Critical Care,
      14(1), 64-70. doi:10-XXXXXXX
                 Using an Appendix

• Type the word Appendix in upper and
  lower case with the identifying capital
  letters (A, B,) at the top of the page (APA,
  2010, p. 39)
• Appendix contains detailed information
  that would be distracting to read in the text
  – For example: a list of nurse interview
    questions
  – Appendix content must be discussed in text
     (see Appendix B)
 Now About Crediting Sources

• Think of three categories for most
  articles/documents:
  – Documents likely to change
  – Documents in final copy with digital object
    identifiers (DOI) listed
  – Documents in final copy without digital object
    identifiers (DOI) listed
     Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

 DOI is a unique alpha-numeric identifier
 assigned by a registration agency to
 identify content and provide a consistent
 link to content location on the Internet (APA,
 2010, p. 188)
• DOI numbers start with a 10 and contain a
  prefix and a suffix separated by a slash.
                  Finding the DOI

• Printed prominently on the first page of an
  article
• “May be hidden under a button labeled
  Article , Cross-referenced, PubMed or
  another full-text vendor name (APA, 2010, p.
  189)
• Copy and paste DOI to end of your
  reference listing ensure accuracy (APA,
  2010, p. 191)
Electronic Journal Article with DOI

Borman, W. C. (2003). Role of early
    supervisory experience in supervisor
    performance. Journal of Applied
    Psychology, 78(1), 443-449.
    doi:10.1096/01.0000298309.98326.a7

Note: No retrieval statement or date are
 needed (APA, 2010, p. 191). Just use the DOI
 number as this information is not likely to
 change
    Electronic Document with No DOI

• Sword, T., & Little, R. (2007). Faculty
  needs in online education. Nurse
  Educator, 23(3), 39-43. Retrieved from
  http://www.nurseeducator/article/view.168

Note: There is no DOI assigned so give
 exact URL and no retrieval date is needed
 because this is the final version of the
 article.
Electronic Quotes: Change Likely
• Documents retrieved from the Internet should
  include author, document title or , Internet
  source, date of document, Retrieval statement,
  date retrieved, and (URL or uniform resource
  locator)-the Web address…
  when information being cited is
  likely to change (APA, 2010, p. 192).

• Electronic Example:
  Smith, I. (2004). How to write following
    APA guidelines. Retrieved May 12, 2005, from
     www.apatoday.com/howtowrite.html
           Uniform Resource Locator
           (URL)
• This is also called the Web site address
http://www.dhss.mo.gov/HomeCare/index.html
• Http: is the protocol
• www.dhss.mo.gov is the host name
• HomeCare is the path to a document
• Index.html is the file name of specific
  document
Electronic Reference: Document on Web Site


 Missouri Department of Health and Senior
   Services. (n.d.). Home care. Retrieved March
   16, 2008, from
   http://www.dhss.mo.gov/HomeCare/index.html
      Electronic Reference: Book

• Sword, T. (2008). Nursing & quantum
    theory. Retrieved from http://
    bantum.org/nursing/quantum0098

• If DOI is assigned to the book, use the
  DOI
     (APA, 2010, pp. 202-203 )
    Little More General APA Detail

• Use ampersand (&) to join multiple authors
  in the citation and the reference page
• Use and to join authors in the text
• Avoid use of gender (he, she)
• The introduction to your paper does not
  have to be labeled introduction (APA, 2010, p.
  63)
                      More Details
• Paragraphs should be 3-5 sentences
  minimum
• Write out acronyms and abbreviations first
  time used (exceptions, APA, 2010, p. 107)
• Use two spaces after punctuation at end of
  sentence
• Use one space after comma, colon, etc. in
 the sentence (APA 2010, pp. 87-88)
            Bullets are Back!!

• Seration: lists in a series
• Paragraphs in a series
  – Use numbers
     • 1. Healthcare is…[paragraph continues]
     • 2. Costs…..[paragraph continues]
• Within a paragraph or sentence
  – Use letters
  – Choices include (a) higher costs, (b) less ….
• Or bulleted lists may be used within a
  sentence (APA 2010, pp. 63-64 )
               Order of Pages/APA
• Title page with page numbers, running
  head, title, student name, and school
  name
• Abstract (if required by assignment
  grading criteria) is page two of paper
• Text pages(repeat title on first page of
  text)
• Reference page/pages
• Appendix on separate page after figures
  and tables (APA, 2010, p. 230)
                 Common APA Mistakes

• Forgetting to
  – Double space EVERYTHING
  – Have ragged right margin
  – Cite quoted data (need author’s last
    name, year of publication and p. or para.
    number)
  – Place references flush left for first line
    and do not use author’s first name, only
    initials.
  – Have references use hanging indent
                 Little Humor

Welcome to a new learning curve for all
of us….hopefully we will not be looking
like this poor fellow 
                   References


American Psychological Association. (2010).
    Publication manual of the
    American Psychological Association
    (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.