Chapter 22 Organic Chemistry
Notes Outline- 2009
1. Organic compounds exist________________ but can also be _________________. 2. Organic means ______________________________________________________. 3. All organic compounds contain _______________ but not all compounds containing _________ are _______________….name some exceptions____________________. 4. Carbon’s unique ability to bond with___________ and __________________ in long chains and rings with _________ covalent bonds results in a _____________ of organic compounds. 5. C-C bonds can form in 3 ways- _________________, ___________________ or _________________. 6. C can form __________________, _______________ _______and ___________________ chains. 7. C can bond with other elements such as __________________________________. 8. A few properties of organic compounds include ___________________________________________. 9. Chemical properties depend on _________________________________ of atoms. 10. Compounds with the same ________ formula but different ________formulas are called __________. 11. There are two types of Isomers _____________________ and ____________________. 12. __________&____________ are structural isomers. Draw Example isomers 13. _______________ are compounds contain only ___ and ______ in straight chains, branches or rings. 14. Hydrocarbon names are based on: _____________, __________________ and __________________. 15. Hydrocarbon names will end in ___, -____, or –_____ depending on the type of____________________. 16. Memorize the number of carbons given by each “prefix” 1 _____ 2 ______ 3 _____ 4 _____ 5 _____ 6 _____ 7 _____ 8 _____ 9 _____ 10 _____ 17. Saturated Hydrocarbons have all _________ ____ bonds hold as many _______ as possible 18. Name and draw the alkanes (CnH2n+2): a.______________________b. __________________________ >Draw pentane C__H__ >Draw Hexane C__H__ >Draw Octane C__H__
19. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons ____________ hold maximum number of H as possible due to ________ bonds. 20. Name and draw the alkenes(CnH2n): a._________________________b. _________________________ >Draw pentene C__H__ >Draw Hexene C__H__
21. Name and draw the alkynes(CnH2n-2): a.__________________________b. _______________________ >Draw pentyne C__H__ >Draw Hexyne C__H__
22. Naming compounds with ________________ is more complex than previously indicated. Where’s the double bond? When 2 or more possibilities exist, we ________C atoms. Always give multiple bond the ______ #. 23. Substituted Hydrocarbons- Formed when a H is replaced by a ________________ or group of atoms. Alcohols end in__________.
__________ can replace H-use prefixes F _______Cl_________Br________I________ 24. Cyclic structures use the prefix __________________. Aromatic compounds are_______________________. 25. The names of molecules with branches or side chains called ________ groups are based on the name of the group plus the root. The “root” or “parent chain” is usually the _______________ hydrocarbon chain.
See alkyl list page 719. See functional groups page 731
Methyl-
Ethyl-
Propyl-
IUPAC Rules for Naming Hydrocarbons
Choose the correct ending: -ane, -ene, or –yne or add suffix - ol if -OH is a branch for an alcohol. Determine the longest carbon chain. If branched, assign numbers to each C of the parent chain. Start with the end with a double or triple
bond.
For alkanes, first branch should have the lowest #. For alkenes/alkynes-bonds are numbered 1st. Attach a prefix that corresponds to the number of carbons in the parent chain. (meth, eth, pro, etc) Add prefix for methyl ,ethyl or propyl, branch or add halogen prefix if a halogen is present. (Chloro, bromo, etc.) When two or more branches are identical, use prefixes (di-, tri-, et..) Attach name of branches
alphabetically.
Add cyclo- to the prefix if it is a cyclic structure. When drawing compounds, carbon always has 4 bonds.
Draw the structure for the compound & name. given.
1. C3H6
Write the name & condensed formula if not
2. C5H7I
3. C5H11OH
4. Chloropropane
5. 3-pentyne
6. Cyclo-chloro-hexenol
7. Cyclobutane
8. 4-propyl-nonane
9. 3,2,dimethylheptene
10. 1-hexene
Practice on Drawing and Naming Simple Organic Compounds 1. a) Draw the following organic compounds: propanol
b) octene
d) heptane
e) cyclohexane
f) bromobutane
g) ethyne
h) methane
i)cyclopentene
2.
In pencil, add the # of hydrogens to make the structure correct. Write the name of the structure in the blank. - C - C - C – C - C - C – OH __________________________
a)
b)
-C – C - C - C - C - F __________________________
C
c)
C
C
__________________________ d) e) – C – C – C - C –C - C – C – C- C - C __________________________ – C – C = C –C – C – C - C - C __________________________