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Jason Webb Technology Department Oswego State University 2000
Introduction
1.0 History 2.0 Theory 3.0 Propulsion
Leonardo da Vinci
Made first real studies-1486 Drew 150 flight illustrations Notebooks were lost until 1797 Had several theories on flight that are still applied
George Cayley
Studied the theory of flight from a kite Studied air pressure Found correct angle for lift Built first glider that you could control
Lilienthal
First real success was in 1891 First to show that controlled flight was possible Most his flight control came from body movement
Octave Chanute
Wrote Progress in Flying Machines Book had all information on flight till that time Communicated his ideas to the Wright Brothers
Wilbur and Orville Wright
Ran a bicycle shop Studied Chanute’s principles Added power to the glider Experimented with different wing theories and ideas
Bernoulli’s Principle
Air pressure does not press as hard when it is moving As airplanes fly, air is pushed above and below their wings Air has to travel faster over the top of the wing then the bottom
Bernoulli’s co.
Air that moves slowly creates MORE pressure then air that moves quickly Air pressure pushing up on the bottom of the wing is greater then the air pushing down on the top
When there is more air pressure pushing up on the wing it creates LIFT This causes the the plane to naturally lift into the air
Forces
The
flight of an airplane, a bird, or any other object involves four forces that may be measured: - Lift - Weight - Thrust - Drag
Lift
Thrust Weight
Drag
Lift
Force that pushes an object up against the weight On an airplane or bird, the lift is created by movement around wings
Angle of Attack
Tilting against the airflow is called angle of attack This is why an airplane rotates slightly at takeoff If the angle is doubled, the lift is doubled
Weight
Measure of of a natural force that pulls the plane down towards the earth(gravity) The direction assigned to weight is down
Mass
Earth
Thrust
Any force pushing an airplane forward is called thrust Generated by the engines Engines push fast moving air out from behind the plane Causes plane to move forward
Air is pushed back
Thrust is achieved
Drag
It
is resistance force Slows the forward motion of an object, including planes Four types - friction - induced - form - wave
Propulsion
Science
of designing an engine to propel vehicle forward Two types: - air breathing - rocket Both based on principle of pushing high velocity exhaust gas out back end
Propulsion II
Air
breathing engine uses the air stream it is in to help with propulsion Rocket engine is used in space, where there is no air and is mainly fuel propelled Air has an inlet and outlet Rocket has only an outlet
Air
Air in
Rocket
Air out Air out
Flight is Achieved
Conclusion
1.0 History 2.0 Theory 3.0 Propulsion