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An Introductory Lesson For Transportation Systems
Department of Technology At Oswego State University
Introduction
Gas Turbine Engines (GTE) are a common means of:
– power production and distribution – propulsion for aircraft and watercraft – propulsion for recreational vehicles including boats, cars, and others
continued...
Introduction
GTE’s provide enormous power relatively efficiently; most have an efficiency rating at or above 95% produce mechanical and/or electrical power clean and relatively maintenance free
A Cut-Away Look at a GTE
Outline
I. Basic Principles II. Component Sections III. Support Systems IV. Uses/Applications V. Summary
I. Basic Principles
Newton’s Second Law - “an unbalance of a force on a body tends to produce an acceleration in the direction of the force.”
Air Speed and force increases with constriction of air
I. Basic Principles
Newton’s Third Law - “for every force there is an opposite and equal force.” These principles work together to produce thrust
II. Component Sections
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Intake Plenum Section Compression Section Combustion Section Power Section Exhaust Section (a) (b) (c) (d) Flow (e)
II.(a) intake plenum
1. section where air enters into turbine 2. contains the following:
– large debris screen – intake air temp sensor
II.(b) compressor
1. draws air from the intake plenum 2. compresses the incoming air to high pressure 3. contains many specifically sized vane sets 4. each set “twists and turns” the air which compresses it
II.(c) combustor
1. continuous combustion 2. consist of fuel nozzles (injectors) that spray into “cans” which are connected by cross-over tubes to spread the flame evenly 3. contain “igniters” which produces the initial spark for ignition during start-up
II.(d) power turbine
1. another section of vanes 2. connects to the PTO shaft for generating electricity, propulsion, or other 3. as thrust is exhumed over the power turbine vanes, thus producing force great enough to
II.(e) exhaust
1. contains temp. sensors to detect too high of an outlet temp 2. exhaust air may be bled off and used for an auxiliary means (I.e heating, pressurization etc.) 3. normally just exhausted and wasted
III. Support Systems
a. b. c. d. Lubrication Fuel Cooling Monitoring
III.(a) Lubrication System
consists of at least one lube oil pump, a lube oil cooler, pressure regulator and relief valve system is typically pressurized at 1215 psi lubricates engine bearing assembly’s located under the intake plenum and the exhaust section of the turbine
III.(b) Fuel System
turbine engines use many different types of fuel including propane, natural gas, kerosene, diesel or jet fuel provides GTE with constant supply of fuel like the lube oil system, it also has regulators, pressure switches and a pump, but it also has a micron filter to ensure purity of fuel before entering the GTE
III.(c) Cooling System
most incorporate at least one of these three ways to cool a GTE: – water – air – oil ships normally use a combination of water/air cooling aircraft use a combination of air/lube oil to cool
III.(d) Monitoring and Sensoring Systems
A typical GTE will use more than 100 sensors, switches, or other monitoring devices the lube oil system on most GTE’s are monitored constantly and purified continuously to ensure purity system monitoring is done locally at engine or at a remote station remote monitoring is normally limited in control
IV. Uses
Typical uses: – ships and aircraft for propulsion and power generation – power plants for power distribution – private industry for self-sustaining power and cost reduction – hospitals use them for emergency power supplies – the US Navy use GTE’s as their primary shipboard propulsion and power distribution source
V. Summary
Gas Turbine Engines (GTE) are a common means of:
– power production and distribution – propulsion for aircraft and watercraft – propulsion for recreational vehicles including boats, cars, and others
continued...
V. Summary
GTE’s provide enormous power relatively efficiently; most have an efficiency rating at or above 95% produce mechanical and/or electrical power clean and relatively maintenance free