Overview GV102 European Politics

Lecture 1 Overview GV102 European Politics Today: I. Course organisation II. Introduction to European Politics Course organisation Course supervisor Dr Kai Arzheimer Office hours: Monday 12-13 (room 5.006) Class teachers Nick Allen, MA Kyriaki Nanou, MA Student workload ► Attending the lectures ► Course reading ► Preparing for classes and actively participate 1. TWO essays – of about 2,500 words each (deadlines: week 7, 23) 2. TWO end-of-term class tests – of about 45 minutes duration (week 11, 25) 3. One three-hour end-of-year examination Rules ► ► ► Late submission of essay: zero tolerance No extensions extenuating circumstances (“circumstances beyond the student's control, of a medical, practical or personal nature“, see http://www2.essex.ac.uk/academic/students/ug/crswk_pol. htm) Zero Tolerance ► ► ► ► ► All coursework submitted after the deadline will receive a mark of zero. The mark of zero shall stand unless the student submits satisfactory evidence of extenuating circumstances that indicate that the student was unable to submit the work prior to the deadline There is only one deadline: 8 a.m. on the day of the lecture during submission week (electronic submission); a hard copy has to be handed in to the class teacher in the same week. No extensions will be granted: A student submitting coursework late will have the department‟s and the University‟s arrangements for Extenuating Lateness drawn to their attention. http://www2.essex.ac.uk/academic/services/students/ztm. htm Rules ► ► ► Late submisson of essay: zero tolerance No extensions extenuating circumstances (“circumstances beyond the student's control, of a medical, practical or personal nature“, see http://www2.essex.ac.uk/academic/students/ug/crswk_pol. htm) Plagiarism (http://www.essex.ac.uk/plagiarism/) ► ► Study Skills Officer Dr Theresa Crowley: crowtx@essex.ac.uk Study Skills Support Department provides study skills support that is available for all students who feel they may benefit from advice and instruction to assist them in developing and improving the study skills required to study politics. ► First-year students in particular are strongly recommended to use the support, which is available in two forms: individual study skills appointments (usually 30 minutes) and group sessions.” ► Please see note outside 5.306 for details ► “The Course reading ► Merriman, J. 2004. A History of Modern Europe, Vol. 2: From the French Revolution to the Present. Norton & Co. 2nd ed. ► Briggs, A., and Clavin, P. 2003. Modern Europe 1789-present. Longman. R. 1994. Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century. Routledge. ► Crampton, Course material ► PowerPoint slides will be placed onto the Course Material Repository (CMR) ►http://courses.essex.ac.uk/gv/gv102/ ►After the lecture ► To print out slides open document 3  FILE PRINT PRINT WHAT HANDOUTS SLIDES PER PAGE  OK Course objectives ► knowledge in Europe. ► an understanding of the influence of historical experience ► institutions and political practices ► concepts that have shaped the development of European liberal-democratic „nation‟ states ► applying the basic language of political analysis on the political development of states Course contents I Introduction and Overview 2. The Impact of the French Revolution 3. Ideologies of Modern European Politics 4. 19th century State Building in Western Europe 5. Economic and Social Upheaval 6. International Legitimation of the Democratic Nation State and its Struggle in the Interwar Period 7. Fascism, Holocaust and the Second World War 8. Post-1945 Settlements and the Transformation of Liberal-Democratic States into Welfare States 9. European integration: From Common Market to European Union 10. Class Test 1. Course contents II 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. Empires and Nations in the Long Nineteenth Century The Russian Revolutions and the Development of the Soviet State The Emergence of New States and the Failure of Democracy in Inter-War Eastern Europe The Nature of the 'Communist State„ The Contradictions of the Communist System The „End of Communism‟ The Yugoslav Tragedy New Democracies in Central and Eastern Europe Troubled Transitions Class Test New International Relations Trajectory of Modern Democratic European States Introduction to European Politics Structure         Europe: a continent? Geography and climate History Cultural diversity: languages and religion Shifting political boundaries War, rebellion, revolution Europe‟s unity Early notions of democracy and the state Europe: Specifications A continent? Climate Geography The great plains Boundaries to the East and South Europe: a cultural term? Europe at its furthest extent European 5 mio 1 mio 10000 2500 700-600 0 400 732 1054 1400 1453 1492 1517 17th century: 1789 19th century: 20th century History Peninsula (subcontinent) First human presence Egypt civilization Minoan civilization Greek, Roman and Jewish civilization Birth of Christianity Christianity sole religion in Roman Empire Battle of Tours, Europe Frankish/Christian (Great) Schism (split orthodoxy) Christianization in Europe complete End of the Eastern Roman Empire Columbus – the world becomes Europeanized Reformation (split reformist church) beginning of industrialization French Revolution democratization and nationalism totalitarianism and supranationalism Europe‟s divisions Languages in Europe Languages: Indo-European – UgrioFinnic, Slavonic Religion: Catholicism, Protestantism, Orthodoxy, Islam Ethnicities: a multiplicity of tribes and peoples (influences from Middle-East, Asia, Northern Africa) Econonomic:North/South (Industrialisation) East/West (capitalism/post communism) Political: EU/non-EU Europe‟s divisions Languages in Europe Religions in Europe Political boundaries pre-1800: overlapping entities 1815: congress of Vienna: restoration 1871: unification of the German territories 1919: demise of the empires 1945: division of Europe post-1989: European reunification? Holy Roman Empire – overlap! Europe in 1700 Europe in 1800 Europe in 1900 Europe in 2000 Political boundaries pre-1800: overlapping entities 1815: congress of Vienna: restoration 1871: unification of the German territories 1919: demise of the empires 1945: division of Europe post-1989: European reunification? War, rebellion, revolution ► ► ► ► ► European history: a history of wars War perceived as „continuation of politics by other means‟ (Clausewitz) Main reason: to gain or prevent hegemony, limited resources Historian David Kaiser: „No war ever achieved its initial goal‟ 1945-1990: one of the longest periods of peace in Europe Failed attempts to peacefully organize the European state system 1648 1731 1815 1919 Westphalian Treaty Treaty of Utrecht Congress of Vienna League of Nations, Treaty of Versailles 1943-45 Teheran, Yalta, Potsdam 1949 Council of Europe Europe‟s Unity The idea of Europe: ► ► ► Pope Pius II (1405-1464): „our house Europe‟ „Europe‟ as the secular counterpart to Christianity (Enlightenment) William Penn (1644-1718): universal toleration and a European Parliament ► ► Abbe St. Pierre (1658-1743): a confederation of European powers Voltaire (1694-1778): a European federation based on the rule of law J.-J. Rousseau (1712-1778): There are no longer Frenchmen, Germans, and Spaniards, or even English, but only Europeans.‟ ► Early notions of democracy and „the state‟ In European history we find ► ► ► ► ► the birthplace of democratic thought first democratic systems The concept of nation-state The model for the modern liberalThe birth of mass democracy is democratic state unquestionably the most The laboratory for political formidable change in the political integration history of humanity, when – for the first time in an unprecedented but (I believe) successful “experiment” – equal and free citizens were involved and participated in political decision making. D. Caramani