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Introduction to Comparative Politics ucsd

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Introduction to Comparative Politics Lecture #5 Making a Difference? Citizens, Parties and Interest Groups How Do Citizens Participate?   Direct policy making (referenda, political office) Political Groups: Parties and Interest Group activity 2 Who Participates, And How Much?   Variation across activities, groups, political systems Determinants: Institutions and culture   Political Culture: Orientations toward system, process, policy Political Socialization and Resocialization 3 Political Parties    Groups Seeking to Place Candidates in Office Primarily Political Organizations (vs. Interest Groups) The “Iron Law of Oligarchy”(Michels) 4 Party Systems    Authoritarian vs. Competitive (Elections) Two-Party vs. Multiparty Duverger’s Law: SMDP leads to Two-Party Systems     Moderation vs. Extremism  Mechanical Effect Psychological Effect Multiparty Systems:  Downs: Two-Party Systems Converge Majority vs. Minority Situations Parliamentary Democracy and Coalition Gov’ts  5 Interest Groups    Groups that seek to influence public policy w/o running candidates for office May not be primarily Political Interest Group Types (degree of organization, purpose)     Anomic Groups Non-Associational Groups Institutional Groups Associational Groups 6 Access and Tactics  Constitutional        Legislature Civil Service Political Parties Personal Connections Media and Information Litigation Direct Action (Demonstrations, Boycotts, Strikes)  Coercive     Riots Strikes Obstructions Terrorism 7 What Determines Interest Group Success?  Resources   Bargaining Power Control over Factors of Production Power in Numbers Credibility  Representativeness    Respectability 8 "Free Rider" (Collective Action) Problems    Problem: Many people want their interests to be represented but do not find it worthwhile to contribute Prisoners’ Dilemma: Individually rational behavior is collectively irrational Ways to Overcome Collective Action Problems (Mancur Olson)    Small or Privileged Groups: Commitments Easier Selective Incentives Coercion (Closed Shops) 9
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