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James Lawson
James Lawson
For details on the English football (soccer) player, see James Lawson (footballer). For the comic book artist, see Jim Lawson. decade before the more famous ones of the early 1960s. Consistent with those principles of nonviolence, Lawson declared himself a conscientious objector and refused to report for the draft in 1951. He served fourteen months in prison after refusing to take either a student or ministerial deferment. After his release from prison, Lawson went as a Methodist missionary to Nagpur, India, where he studied satyagraha, the principles of nonviolence resistance that Mahatma Gandhi and his followers had developed. He returned to the United States in 1955, entering the Graduate School of Theology at Oberlin College in Ohio.
Work with Martin Luther King, Jr. (1957-68)
One of his Oberlin professors introduced him to Martin Luther King, Jr., who had led the Montgomery Bus Boycott in Montgomery, Alabama and had also embraced Gandhi’s principles of nonviolent resistance. King urged Lawson to come South, telling him "Come now. We don’t have anyone like you down there." Lawson moved to Nashville, Tennessee and enrolled at the Divinity School of Vanderbilt University, where he served as the southern director for FOR and began conducting nonviolence training workshops for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. While in Nashville, Lawson met and mentored a number of young students at Vanderbilt, Fisk University, and other area schools in the tactics of nonviolent direct action.[2] Lawson trained many of the future leaders of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement, among them Diane Nash, James Bevel, Marion Barry, Bernard Lafayette and John Lewis. In 1959 and 1960 these and other Lawsontrained activists then launched the Nashville sit-ins to challenge segregation in downtown stores. Along with activists from Atlanta, Georgia and elsewhere in the South, they formed the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in April 1960. SNCC and
James Lawson speaking at a community meeting in Nashville, Tennessee in 2005 James Morris Lawson, Jr. (born September 22, 1928 in Uniontown, Pennsylvania),[1] was a leading theoretician and tactician of nonviolence within the American Civil Rights Movement. He continues to be active in training activists in nonviolence.
Background
Born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, Lawson grew up in Massillon, Ohio. While a freshman at Baldwin Wallace College in Berea, Ohio, he joined the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR), an organization founded by A.J. Muste, and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), an organization affiliated with FOR. Both FOR and CORE advocated nonviolent resistance to racism; CORE conducted sit-ins in some northern cities in the late 1940s and embarked on a freedom ride more than a
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Lawson’s students played a leading role in the Open Theater Movement, the Freedom Rides, the 1963 March on Washington, Mississippi Freedom Summer the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, the Birmingham Children’s Crusade, the Selma Voting Rights Movement, and the Chicago Open Housing Movement over the next few years. Lawson’s expulsion from Vanderbilt as a result of these activities became one of the celebrated incidents of the era and eventually a source of deep embarrassment to the university. During the 2006 graduation ceremony Vanderbilt apologized for its treatment of Lawson; he is now a member of its faculty. In 1962 Lawson brought Dr. King and James Bevel together for a meeting which resulted in the two agreeing to work together as equals. Bevel was then named SCLC’s Director of Direct Action and Director of Nonviolent Education. Lawson became pastor of Centenary Methodist Church in Memphis, Tennessee in 1962. In 1968, when black sanitation workers went on strike for higher wages and union recognition after two of their co-workers were accidentally crushed to death, Reverend Lawson served as chairman of their strike committee. (See Memphis Sanitation Strike) Reverend Lawson invited Dr. King to Memphis in April 1968 to dramatize their struggle, which had adopted the slogan I am a Man. Dr. King delivered his famous "Mountaintop" speech in support of the strike in Memphis on 1968-04-03, the day before his assassination.
James Lawson
Service in January 2007. The program included an educational bus tour to Montgomery and Birmingham, Alabama. Participants also included fellow Civil Rights activists Jim Zwerg, Diane Nash, Bernard Lafayette, Rev. C.T. Vivian as well as John Seigenthaler, journalists and approximately 180 students, faculty and administrators from Vanderbilt, Fisk, Tennessee State University and American Baptist College.
Controversial comments
Conservative commentators Sean Hannity and World Net Daily’s Kevin McCullough[3] criticized Lawson’s remarks at a September 11, 2006 panel discussion at Vanderbilt University entitled "9/11: A Time for Reflection". He had called Christianity "the most violent religion in the world" and in addition referred to the United States as the "number one enemy of peace and justice in the world".[4] Fox News’ Hannity & Colmes broadcast these comments September 26, 2006 and interviewed Vanderbilt student Chris Donnelly who had attended the panel discussion.[5]
See also
• American Civil Rights Movement (1896-1954) • African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968) • Timeline of the American Civil Rights Movement
Continued advocacy of nonviolent struggle
Reverend Lawson moved to Los Angeles in 1974 to lead Holman United Methodist Church[1] where he served for 25 years before retiring in 1999. He has continued to train activists in nonviolence and to work in support of a number of causes, including immigrants’ rights in the United States and the rights of Palestinians, opposition to the war in Iraq, and workers’ rights to a living wage. In 2004, he received the Community of Christ International Peace Award. Reverend Lawson took part in a well-publicized 3 day Freedom Ride commemorative program sponsored by Vanderbilt University’s Office of Active Citizenship and
External links
• A short UK page on Lawson • Vanderbilt Announces Distinguished Alumnus award • A Force More Powerful - Interview: Rev. James Lawson • Lawson to Return to Vanderbilt as Professor • “The Rev. James Lawson: An Advocate of Peaceful Change” - an interview on National Public Radio • Oral History Interview with James M. Lawson at Oral Histories of the American South
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James Lawson
References
• Arsenault, Raymond. Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice. [1] ^ (Fee) "James M. Lawson, Jr." in New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. Notable Black American Men Book II, • Branch, Taylor. Parting the Waters: Thomson Gale, Reproduced in Biography America in the King Years, 1954-1963. Resource Center. Farmington Hills, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988. Michigan: Gale. 2008 [2006]. • Burns, Stewart. To the Mountain Top: K1622000673. Martin Luther King Jr.’s Sacred Mission to http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/ Save American, 1955-1968. New York: BioRC?vrsn=149&OP=starts&locID=chan86036&srchtp=name&ca=177&c=1&AI=U13738111&NA= Harper Collins, 2004. Retrieved on 2008-04-18. • Clayborne, Carson. In Struggle: SNCC and [2] Mogul, Jonathan. "A Force More the Black Awakening of the 1960s. Powerful (English study guide)" (PDF). p. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University 4 et seq.. Press, 1981. http://www.aforcemorepowerful.org/ • Conkin, Paul K. Gone with the Ivy: A films/pdfs/studyGuide-en.pdf. Retrieved Biography of Vanderbilt University. on 2008-04-19. "Inspired by a trip to Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, India to study Gandhi and by the 1955 1985. bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, • Halberstam, David. The Children. New led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., York: Random House. 1998. Lawson decides to try his own hand at • Riches, William T. Martin. The Civil Rights nonviolent struggle against racial Movement: Struggle and Resistance. New segregation." York: Palgrave, 2004. [3] Kevin, McCullough (2006-09-26). • Sumner, David. "James Lawson, Jr." "America-haters’ 9/11 snow job". World Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Net Daily. Culture. Ed. Carroll Van West. Nashville: http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/ Rutledge Hill Press, 1998. article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=52204. • Zinn, Howard. SNCC: The New Retrieved on 2008-04-19. "Vanderbilt Abolitionists. Cambridge, Mass.: South University’s idea of a fair and balanced End Press, 2002. remembrance of Sept. 11 is to invite nine Periodicals liberal socialists to bash America for two • "James Lawson Named 2005 Vanderbilt hours and send everybody home holding University Distinguished Alumnus." their head in shame at being in fact … Tennessee Tribune, 22 December 2005. Americans" . • Mielczarek, Natalia. "Vanderbilt Hires Ex[4] "Vanderbilt Professors Exploit 9/11 student It Expelled for Civil Rights Remembrance to Trash America, Activism." Tennessean, 19 January 2006. Christianity, White People, and the War • Summer, David E. "The Publisher and the on Terror". Young America’s Foundation. Preacher: Racial Conflict at Vanderbilt 2006-09-26. http://web.archive.org/web/ University." Tennessee Historical 20070820193939/http://media.yaf.org/ Quarterly LVI (Spring 1997): 34-43. latest/09_26_06.cfm. Retrieved on • Wynn, Linda T. "The Dawning of a New 2008-04-19. "One panelist said that Day: The Nashville Sit-Ins, February 13, slavery, racism, and Native American 1960-May 10, 1960." Tennessee Historical genocide inspired the 9/11 attacks." Quarterly L (Spring 1991): 42-54. [5] "Vanderbilt U. Panel Becomes BushOnline Bashing Bonanza!". Fox News. • "Interview: Rev. James Lawson." A Force 2006-09-27. http://www.foxnews.com/ More Powerful: Nashville 1960 (Accessed story/0,2933,216043,00.html. Retrieved 28 November 2008). on 2008-04-19. "COLMES: But were they anti-American views?" Books
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lawson"
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
James Lawson
Categories: 1928 births, Living people, African Americans, African Americans' rights activists, Nonviolence advocates, American conscientious objectors, Christian writers, American humanitarians, Oberlin College alumni, Baldwin-Wallace College alumni, American Methodist clergy, Methodist missionaries in India, Scholars and leaders of nonviolence, or nonviolent resistance, American Christian missionaries, People from Massillon, Ohio, American Christian pacifists, 20th-century Methodist clergy This page was last modified on 6 May 2009, at 14:17 (UTC). All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) taxdeductible nonprofit charity. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers
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