Lake_Huron

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Lake Huron Lake Huron Lake Huron Average depth Max. depth Water volume Residence time (of lake water) Shore length1 Surface elevation Islands Sections/subbasins Settlements 195 ft (59 m) 750 ft (230 m)[1] 849 cu mi (3,540 km3) 22 years 3,825 mi (6,156 km) 577 ft (176 m)[1] Manitoulin Georgian Bay, North Channel Bay City, Alpena, Cheboygan, St. Ignace, Port Huron in Michigan; Goderich, Sarnia in Ontario [1] References 1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. Map of Lake Huron and the other Great Lakes Location Group Coordinates North America Great Lakes 44°48′N 82°24′W / 44.8°N 82.4°W / 44.8; -82.4Coordinates: 44°48′N 82°24′W / 44.8°N 82.4°W / 44.8; -82.4 Glacial Straits of Mackinac, St. Marys River St. Clair River 74,700 sq mi (193,000 km2) Canada, United States Lake type Primary inflows Primary outflows Catchment area Basin countries Max. length Max. width Surface area Ipperwash Beach, Lake Huron Lake Huron is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is bounded on the east by Ontario, Canada and on the west by Michigan, USA. The name of the lake is derived from early French explorers who named it based on the Huron people inhabiting the region. 206 mi (332 km) 152 mi (245 km) 23,010 sq mi (59,600 km2)[1] Geography Lake Huron is the second largest of the Great Lakes, with a surface area of 59,596 km2 1 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (23,010 sq mi) making it the third largest fresh water lake on earth (fourth largest lake if the saline Caspian Sea is included). It contains a volume of 3,540 km3 (850 mi cubed), and a shoreline length of 6,157 km(3,827 mi) The surface of Lake Huron is 176 m (577 ft) above sea level. The lake’s average depth is 59m (195 ft ), while the maximum depth is 229 m (750 ft). It has a length of 332 km (206 mi) and a greatest breadth of 245 km (183 mi). Important cities on Lake Huron include: Goderich, Sarnia, Bay City, Alpena, Rogers City, Cheboygan, St. Ignace, and Port Huron. A notable feature of the lake is Manitoulin Island, which separates the North Channel and Georgian Bay from Lake Huron’s main body of water. It is the world’s largest freshwater island. Lake Huron History The French, the first European visitors to the region, often referred to Lake Huron as La Mer Douce, "the fresh-water sea". In 1656, a map by French cartographer Nicolas Sanson, refers to the lake as Karegnondi, a Wendat word which has been variously translated as "Freshwater Sea", "Lake of the Hurons", or simply "lake".[3] The lake was generally labelled "Lac des Hurons" (Lake of the Huron) on most early European maps. Storm of 1913 On November 9, 1913, a great storm rolled across Lake Huron and with it, 235 seamen died, ten ships sank and another twenty plus were driven ashore. The storm raged for sixteen hours.[4] The Matoa had passed between Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario just after midnight. On the 9th, just after six in the morning, the Senator pushed upstream. Less than an hour later, the Manola passed through. Captain Frederick W. Light of the Manola reported that both the Canadian and the American weather stations had storm signals flying from their weather towers. [5] Following behind at 7:00 a.m. that Sunday, the Regina steamed out of Sarnia into the northwest gale. The warnings now had been up for four hours [6] The Manola passed the Regina off Port Sanilac, 22 miles up the lake. Captain Light determined that if it continued to deteriorate, he would seek shelter at Harbor Beach, Michigan, another 30 miles up lake. There, he could seek shelter behind the breakwater. Before reaching Harbor Beach, the winds turned to the northeast and the sea began to rise. It would be noon before he reached Harbor Beach and ran for shelter. The seas were so violent that the Manola touched bottom entering the harbor. With help from a tug the Manola tied up to the break wall with eight lines. It was about 3:00 p.m. that Sunday that the Manola was tied down and the crew prepared to drop anchor. As they worked, the cables began to snap from winds pressure against the hull. To keep from being pushed aground, they kept their bow into the wind with the engines running half to full in turns. Yet the ship still drifted 800 feet before they arrested the drift.[7] The waves broke over the ship and the windows Great Lakes Circle Tour The Great Lakes Circle Tour is a designated scenic road system connecting all of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River.[2] Geology Lake Huron is separated from Lake Michigan, which lies at the same level, by the narrow Straits of Mackinac, making them geologically and hydrologically the same body of water (sometimes called Lake Michigan-Huron). Lake Superior is slightly higher than both. It drains into the St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie which then flows southward into Lake Huron. The water then flows south to the St. Clair River, at Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario. The Great Lakes Waterway continues thence to Lake St. Clair; the Detroit River and Detroit, Michigan; into Lake Erie and thence – via Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River – to the Atlantic Ocean. Like the other Great Lakes, it was formed by melting ice as the continental glaciers retreated towards the end of the last ice age. Prior to this, Lake Huron was a low-lying depression through which flowed the now-buried Laurentian and Huronian Rivers; the lake bed was criss-crossed by a large network of tributaries to these ancient waterways, with many of the old channels still evident on bathymetric maps. 2 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia were broken out. The seas were so rough; that the crew reported seeing the cement break wall was move and chunks of cement peeled off.[8] Meanwhile, fifty miles further up the lake, the Matoa, and Captain Hugh McLeod had to ride out the storm without a safe harbor. [9] The Matoa would be found stranded on the Port Austin reef when the winds subsided. [10] It was Monday noon before the winds let up and not until 11:00 p.m. Monday night before Capt. Light determined it to be safe to continue his journey. [11] Lake Huron 30,000 islands, it offers recreational interest and dangers for all ships passing through. Manola, a propeller freighter of 2,325 gross tons. Built in 1890, by the Globe Shipping Company of Cleveland, Ohio. Operated by the Minnesota Steamship Company (Cleveland) from 1890-1901, by the Pittsburgh Steamship Company from 1901-1918. On January 25, 1918, the Manola was sold to the U.S. Shipping Board. It was sold again in 1920 to the Canada Steamship Lines, Ltd and renamed the Mapledawn. It became stranded on November 20, 1924 on Christian Island[16] in Georgian Bay. It was headed for Port McNichol, Ontario. It was declared a total loss after two weeks. Salvagers were able to recovered c.75,000 bushels of barley for delivery to Midland, Ontario. [17] Shipwrecks of Lake Huron Over 1000 wrecks lie under the waters of Lake Huron, including the first vessel to travel the great lakes. The Griffon built in 1679 on the eastern shore of Lake Erie, near Buffalo, New York, Sieur de la Salle navigated across Lake Erie, up the Detroit River, Lake St. Clair and the St. Clair River out into Lake Huron. Passing the Straits of Mackinac, La Salle and the Griffon made land fall on Washington Island, the off the tip of the Door Peninsula on the Wisconsin side of Lake Michigan. Here, the La Salle filled the Griffon with pelts and in late November 1679 sent the Griffon back to Buffalo, never to be seen again. Two wrecks have been identified as the Griffon, although neither has gained credit as the actual wreck. Blown by a fierce storm after leaving, the Griffin ran before the storm. The people of Manitoulin Island say that the wreck in Mississagi Straits at the western tip of the island is the Griffon. Meanwhile, others near Tobermory say that the wreck on Russell Island, 150 miles further east in Georgian Bay is the Griffin. [12] Ecology Lake Huron has a lake retention time of 22 years. Lake Huron is home to a variety of fish and plant life, such as the now extinct Deepwater cisco, many of them being home to the other Great Lakes such as carp, chinook salmon, a variety of panfish, bass, pike, and catfish. Lake Huron along with the other great lakes have suffered recently due the introduction of various invasive species. Saginaw Bay 185 of 1000+ wrecks[13] are within the waters of Saginaw Bay. Matoa, A propeller freighter, 2,311gross tons, built 1890, Cleveland, wrecked, 1913, Port Austin Reef[14] Lake Huron viewed from Arch Rock at Mackinac Island See also • • • • • • Drummond Island Georgian Bay Hurricane Huron Les Cheneaux Islands Mackinac Island Michigan lighthouses Georgian Bay, North Channel 212 of more than 1000 [15] of Lake Huron’s wrecks are within Georgian Bay. The Bay is the largest bay on Lake Huron. With its 3 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia • Saginaw Bay • Sauble Beach • Shipwrecks of the 1913 Great Lakes storm and List of victims of the 1913 Great Lakes storm • Thunder Bay • Wasaga Beach Lake Huron Color Studios, Au Train, Michigan, 1986, pg 25-6 [13] Shipwrecks of Lake Huron . . . The Great Sweetwater Sea, Jack Parker, Avery Color Studios, Au Train, Michigan, 1986, pg 50-61 [14] Shipwrecks of Lake Huron . . . The Great Sweetwater Sea, Jack Parker, Avery Color Studios, Au Train, Michigan, 1986, pg 56 [15] Shipwrecks of Lake Huron . . . The Great Sweetwater Sea, Jack Parker, Avery Color Studios, Au Train, Michigan, 1986, pg 65-77 [16] Shipwrecks of Lake Huron . . . The Great Sweetwater Sea, Jack Parker, Avery Color Studios, Au Train, Michigan, 1986, pg 71 [17] Great Lakes Vessels Index; Historical Collections of the Great Lakes; Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio Great Lakes in General • • • • • • • • • • • Great Lakes Great Lakes Areas of Concern Great Lakes census statistical areas Great Lakes Commission Great Recycling and Northern Development Canal Great Storm of 1913 International Boundary Waters Treaty List of cities along the Great Lakes Seiche Sixty Years’ War for control of the Great Lakes Third Coast Notes Further reading • Hyde, Charles K., and Ann and John [1] ^ Wright, John W. (ed.); Editors and Mahan. The Northern Lights: Lighthouses reporters of The New York Times (2006). of the Upper Great Lakes. Detroit: Wayne The New York Times Almanac (2007 ed.). State University Press, 1995. ISBN New York, New York: Penguin Books. 0814325548 ISBN 9780814325544. pp. 64. ISBN 0-14-303820-6. • Oleszewski, Wes, Great Lakes [2] Great Lakes Circle Tour. Lighthouses, American and Canadian: A [3] "Huron-Wendat, by Georges E. Sioui, Comprehensive Directory/Guide to Great Jane Brierley". UBC Press, 2000;ISBN Lakes Lighthouses, (Gwinn, Michigan: 0774807156. http://books.google.ca/ Avery Color Studios, Inc., 1998) ISBN books?id=U_14tuSMUBcC&pg=PA221&lpg=PA221&dq=Karegnondi&source=bl&ots=0cWmMOmyt 0-932212-98-0. Retrieved on 2009-03-12. • Penrod, John, Lighthouses of Michigan, [4] True Tales of the Great Lakes, by Dwight (Berrien Center, Michigan: Penrod/ Boyer; p212 Hiawatha, 1998) ISBN 9780942618785 [5] True Tales of the Great Lakes, by Dwight ISBN 9781893624238. Boyer; p266 • Penrose, Laurie and Bill, A Traveler’s [6] True Tales of the Great Lakes, by Dwight Guide to 116 Michigan Lighthouses Boyer; p268 (Petoskey, Michigan: Friede Publications, [7] Freshwater Fury by Frank Barcus, pg 72 1999). ISBN 0923756035 ISBN [8] True Tales of the Great Lakes, by Dwight 9780923756031 Boyer, pg 269 • Wagner, John L., Michigan Lighthouses: [9] True Tales of the Great Lakes, by Dwight An Aerial Photographic Perspective, (East Boyer, pg 272,3 Lansing, Michigan: John L. Wagner, 1998) [10] Shipwrecks of Lake Huron . . . The Great ISBN 1880311011 ISBN 9781880311011. Sweetwater Sea, Jack Parker, Avery • Wright, Larry and Wright, Patricia, Great Color Studios, Au Train, Michigan, 1986, Lakes Lighthouses Encyclopedia pg 56 Hardback (Erin: Boston Mills Press, 2006) [11] Freshwater Fury by Frank Barcus, pg 73 ISBN 1550463993 [12] Shipwrecks of Lake Huron . . . The Great Sweetwater Sea, Jack Parker, Avery 4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Lake Huron • Interacitvew map of lighthouses, Georgian Bay, Lake Huron • Interactive map of lighthouses in North and East Lake Huron • Interactive map of lighthouses in North and West Lake Huron • Terry Pepper on lighthouses of the Western Great Lakes • Wagner, John L., Beacons Shining in the Night, Michigan lighthouse bibliography, chronology, history, and photographs, Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University External links EPA’s Great Lakes Atlas Fish Species of Lake Huron Great Lakes Coast Watch Lake Huron Binational Partnership Action Plan • Lake Huron Data • Lake Huron GIS • Michigan DNR map of Lake Huron • Bathymetry of Lake Huron Lighthouses • Bibliography on Michigan lighthouses • • • • Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Huron" Categories: Lakes of Ontario, Great Lakes, Great Lakes Waterway, Lakes of Michigan, International lakes This page was last modified on 9 May 2009, at 13:36 (UTC). 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