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Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
APPENDICES
Table of contents
APPENDIX I: DEFINITIONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPANY REPORTS II
APPENDIX II: DATABASE I SUMMARY III
APPENDIX III: DATABASE I HOTEL TELEPHONE NUMBERS V
INTERCONTINENTAL HOTELS & RESORTS V
MARRIOTT HOTELS & RESORTS VI
SOFITEL ACCOR HOTELS & RESORTS VII
APPENDIX IV: SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE VIII
START PAGE VIII
ENGLISH VERSION IX
FRENCH VERSION X
DUTCH VERSION XI
GERMAN VERSION XII
SPANISH VERSION XIII
PORTUGUESE VERSION XIV
HEBREW VERSION XV
APPENDIX V: STATISTICAL DETAILS BIVARIATE ANALYSES (7-STEP SCHEMES) XVI
ANALYSES OF VARIANCE (ANOVA) XVI
T-TEST FOR PEARSON CORRELATION COEFFICIENT XVII
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Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
Appendix I: Definitions of different types of company reports
Van Tulder and Van der Zwart (2004: 80 – 82) define the different types of reports they plotted in their
framework as follows:
1. Financial report: annual account on financial matters;
2. Environmental report: annual account on environmental matters;
3. Social report: annual account on social matters; most companies, however, focus primarily on
human resource matters as remuneration policy, training, safety and welfare of employees;
4. Environmental and social report: integration of both environmental and social aspects;
5. Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) report: overview of issues both in the social (especially
health and safety) and environmental domain;
6. Responsible care report: the chemical industry’s version of the HSE report;
7. Welfare, Health, Safety and Environment (WHSE) report: the HSE report extended with a section
on the company’s direct and indirect impacts on the welfare of its human environment;
8. Social-ethical report: a variant of the social report extended with a section on how ethical issues
and incidents can be dealt with;
9. Societal report: social report that also discusses topics that are related to corporate sustainability
in general and the relation between environment, economics and sustainability;
10. Vision on sustainability: strategic vision that forms the departure for policy in the Triple P
domains. The actual performance of the company, however, is neither fully calculated nor
addressed;
11. Sustainability report: incorporates the different elements of the Triple P domains, where the
integration of indicators is of great importance.
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Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
Appendix II: Database I summary
InterContinental Hotels Marriott Hotels &
Region Country Sofitel TOTAL
& Resorts Resorts
Africa & The Middle East Arab countries 1 1 1 3
Africa & The Middle East East Africa 1 0 0 1
Africa & The Middle East Iran 0 0 0 0
Africa & The Middle East Israel 1 0 0 1
Africa & The Middle East Marocco 0 0 1 1
Africa & The Middle East Pakistan 0 1 0 1
Africa & The Middle East South Africa 1 0 0 1
Africa & The Middle East West Africa 1 0 1 2
Africa & The Middle East 5 2 3 10
Asia - Pacific Australia 1 1 1 3
Asia - Pacific Bangladesh 0 0 0 0
Asia - Pacific China 1 1 1 3
Asia - Pacific Hong Kong 1 1 0 2
Asia - Pacific India 1 1 0 2
Asia - Pacific Indonesia 1 1 1 3
Asia - Pacific Japan 1 1 1 3
Asia - Pacific Korea (South) 1 1 1 3
Asia - Pacific Malaysia 0 1 1 2
Asia - Pacific New Zealand 1 0 1 2
Asia - Pacific Philippines 1 1 1 3
Asia - Pacific Russia 0 1 0 1
Asia - Pacific Singapore 1 1 0 2
Asia - Pacific Taiwan 0 0 0 0
Asia - Pacific Thailand 1 1 1 3
Asia - Pacific Vietnam 0 0 1 1
Asia - Pacific 11 12 10 33
Europe Austria 1 1 1 3
Europe Belgium 0 1 1 2
Europe Bulgaria 0 0 0 0
Europe Czechia 1 1 0 2
Europe Denmark 0 1 1 2
Europe Estonia 0 0 0 0
Europe Finland 0 0 0 0
Europe France 1 1 1 3
Europe Germany 1 1 1 3
Europe Greece 1 1 1 3
Europe Hungary 1 1 1 3
Europe Ireland 0 1 0 1
Europe Italy 1 1 1 3
Europe Luxembourg 0 0 1 1
Europe Malta 1 0 0 1
Europe Netherlands 1 1 1 3
Europe Norway 0 0 0 0
Europe Poland 1 1 1 3
Europe Portugal 0 1 1 2
Europe Romania 1 1 1 3
Europe Slovakia 0 0 0 0
Europe Spain 1 1 1 3
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Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
Europe Sweden 0 0 0 0
Europe Switzerland 1 1 1 3
Europe Turkey 1 0 0 1
United
Europe Kingdom 1 1 1 3
Europe Yugoslavia 0 0 0 0
Europe 15 17 16 48
Latin America Argentina 1 1 1 3
Latin America Brazil 1 1 1 3
Latin America Chile 1 1 0 2
Latin America Colombia 1 0 1 2
Latin America Costa Rica 1 1 0 2
Latin America Ecuador 0 1 0 1
Latin America Guatemala 1 1 0 2
Latin America Jamaica 0 0 0 0
Latin America Panama 1 1 0 2
Latin America Peru 0 1 1 2
Latin America Salvador 0 0 0 0
Latin America Surinam 0 0 0 0
Latin America Trinidad 0 0 0 0
Latin America Uruguay 0 0 0 0
Latin America Venezuela 1 1 0 2
Latin America 8 9 4 21
North America Canada 1 1 1 3
North America Mexico 1 1 0 2
North America United States 1 1 1 3
North America 3 3 2 8
TOTAL 42 43 35 120
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Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
Appendix III: Database I Hotel telephone numbers
Intercontinental Hotels & Resorts
Country City Hotel name Phone number
Argentina Buenos Aires InterContinental Buenos Aires +54 11 4340 7100
Australia Sydney InterContinental Sydney +61 2 9253 9000
Austria Vienna InterContinental Wien +43 1 711220
Brazil São Paulo InterContinental Sao Paulo +55 11 3179 2600
Canada Toronto InterContinental Toronto +1 416 960 5200
Chile Santiago InterContinental Santiago +56 2 394 2000
China Beijing InterContinental Financial Street Beijing +86 10 58525888
Colombia Bogota Tequendama InterContinental Bogota +57 1 382 0300
Costa Rica San José Real InterContinental Costa Rica +506 208 2100
Czech Republic Prague InterContinental Praha +420 2 9663 1111
France Paris InterContinental Le Grand Paris +33 1 40 07 32 32
Gabon Libreville Intercontinental Libreville +241 732 023
Germany Hamburg InterContinental Hamburg +49 40 41 420
Greece Athens Athenaeum InterContinental Athens +30 2109 206 000
Guatemala Guatemala City Real InterContinental Guatemala +502 2379 4444
Hong Kong Hong Kong InterContinental Hong Kong +852 2721 1211
Hungary Budapest InterContinental Budapest +36 1 327 6333
India Mumbai InterContinental Hotels Marine Drive +91 22 3987 9999
Indonesia Jimbaran, Bali InterContinental Resort Bali +62 361 701 888
Israel Tel Aviv InterContinental David Tel Aviv +972 3 7951111
Italy Rome InterContinental De la Ville Roma +39 06 67331
Japan Yokohama Yokohama Grand InterContinental +81 45 223 2222
Kenya Nairobi Intercontinental Nairobi +254 20 3200000
Malta St Julian's InterContinental Malta +356 21 377 600
Mexico México City Presidente InterContinental Mexico City +52 55 5327 7700
Netherlands Amsterdam InterContinental Amstel Amsterdam +31 20 622 6060
New Zealand Wellington InterContinental Wellington +64 4 472 2722
Panamá Panamá City InterContinental Miramar Panama +507 206 8888
Philippines Manila Inter-Continental Manila +63 2 815 9711
Poland Warsaw InterContinental Warsaw +48 22 328 8888
Romania Bucharest InterContinental Bucharest +40 21 310 2020
Singapore Singapore InterContinental Singapore +65 6338 7600
South Africa Johannesburg InterContinental Palazzo Johannesburg Montecasino +27 11 510 3000
South Korea Seoul Grand InterContinental Seoul +82 2 555 5656
Spain Madrid InterContinental Madrid +34 91 700 7300
Switzerland Geneva InterContinental Geneve +41 22 919 3939
Thailand Bangkok InterContinental Bangkok +66 2 6560 444
Turkey Istanbul InterContinental Ceylan Istanbul +90 212 368 4444
United Arab Emirates Dubai Intercontinental Dubai +971 4 222 7171
United Kingdom London InterContinental London +44 20 7409 3131
United States of America Atlanta InterContinental Buckhead - Atlanta +1 404 946 9000
Venezuela Caracas Tamanaco InterContinental Caracas +58 212 909 7111
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Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
Marriott Hotels & Resorts
Country City Hotel name Phone number
Argentina Buenos Aires Marriott Plaza Hotel Buenos Aires +54 11 4318 3000
Australia Brisbane Brisbane Marriott Hotel +61 7 3303 8000
Austria Vienna Vienna Marriott Hotel +43 1 515180
Belgium Brussels Brussels Marriott Hotel +32 2 5169090
Brazil Rio de Janeiro JW Marriott Hotel Rio de Janeiro +55 21 2545 6500
Canada Ottawa Ottawa Marriott +1 613 238 1122
Chile Santiago Santiago Marriott Hotel +56 2 426 2000
China Shanghai JW Marriott Hotel Shanghai at Tomorrow Square +86 21 53594969
Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Marriott Hotel San Jose +506 298 0000
Czech Republic Prague Prague Marriott Hotel +420 2 2288 8888
Denmark Copenhagen Copenhagen Marriott Hotel +45 88 33 99 00
Ecuador Quito JW Marriott Hotel Quito +593 2 297 2000
France Cap d'Ail Riviera Marriott Hotel La Porte de Monaco +33 4 92 10 67 67
Germany Berlin Berlin Marriott Hotel +49 30 220 000
Greece Athens Athens Ledra Marriott Hotel +30 2109 300 000
Guatemala Guatemala City Guatemala City Marriott Hotel +502 2410 1777
Hong Kong Hong Kong JW Marriott Hotel Hong Kong +852 2810 8366
Hungary Budapest Budapest Marriott Hotel +36 1 266 7000
India New Delhi New Delhi Marriott Hotel +91 11 4266 1122
Indonesia Jakarta JW Marriott Hotel Jakarta +62 215 798 8888
Ireland Enfield Marriott Johnstown House Hotel & Spa Enfield +353 46 9540000
Italy Milan Milan Marriott Hotel +39 02 48521
Japan Nagoya Nagoya Marriott Associa Hotel +81 52 584 1111
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur JW Marriott Hotel Kuala Lumpur +60 3 2715 9000
Mexico Cancun JW Marriott Cancun Resort & Spa +52 99 8848 9600
Netherlands Amsterdam Amsterdam Marriott Hotel +31 20 607 5555
Pakistan Islamabad Islamabad Marriott Hotel +92 51 282 6121
Panamá Panamá City Panama Marriott Hotel +507 210 9100
Peru Lima JW Marriott Hotel Lima +51 1 217 7000
Philippines Cebu City Cebu City Marriott Hotel +63 3 2415 6100
Poland Warsaw Warsaw Marriott Hotel +48 22 630 6306
Portugal Lisbon Lisbon Marriott Hotel +351 21 723 5400
Romania Bucharest JW Marriott Bucharest Grand Hotel +40 21 403 0000
Russia Moscow Moscow Marriott Grand Hotel +7 495 937 0000
Singapore Singapore Singapore Marriott Hotel +65 6735 5800
South Korea Seoul JW Marriott Hotel Seoul +82 2 6282 6262
Spain Alicante Denia Marriott La Sella Golf Resort & Spa +34 96 645 4054
Switzerland Zurich Zurich Marriott Hotel +41 44 360 7070
Thailand Phuket JW Marriott Phuket Resort & Spa +66 7 6338 000
United Arab Emirates Dubai JW Marriott Hotel Dubai +971 4 262 4444
United Kingdom Liverpool Liverpool Marriott Hotel City Centre +44 15 1476 8000
United States of America New York New York Marriott Marquis Times Square +1 212 398 1900
Venezuela Caracas JW Marriott Hotel Caracas +58 212 957 2222
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Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
Sofitel Accor Hotels & Resorts
Country City Hotel name Phone number
Argentina Buenos Aires Sofitel Buenos Aires +54 11 4131 0000
Australia Melbourne Sofitel Melbourne +61 3 9653 0000
Austria Vienna Sofitel Vienna +43 1 716160
Belgium Brussels Sofitel Brussels Toison d'Or +32 2 5142200
Brazil Salvador Sofitel Salvador +55 71 2106 8500
Canada Montréal Sofitel Montreal +1 514 285 9000
China Boao Sofitel Boao +86 898 62966888
Colombia Cartagena Sofitel Cartagena Santa Clara +57 5 664 6070
Denmark Copenhagen Sofitel Copenhagen Plaza +45 33 14 92 62
France Strasbourg Sofitel Strasbourg +33 3 88 15 49 00
Germany Köln Dorint Sofitel An Der Messe Köln +49 221 801 900
Greece Heraklion Sofitel Capsis Palace Hotel Crete +30 2810 811 112
Hungary Budapest Sofitel Budapest +36 1 266 1234
Indonesia Seminyak Sofitel Seminyak Bali +62 361 730 730
Italy Rome Sofitel Roma +39 06 478021
Japan Tokyo Sofitel Tokyo +81 35 685 7111
Luxembourg Luxembourg Sofitel Luxembourg +352 437761
Malaysia Johor Bahru Sofitel Palm Resort Johor Bahru +60 7 599 6000
Mali Bamako Sofitel l'Amitié Bamako +223 221 4321
Morocco Marrakech Sofitel Marrakech +212 24 425600
Netherlands Den Haag Sofitel Den Haag +31 70 381 4901
New Zealand Queenstown Sofitel Queenstown +64 3 450 0045
Peru Lima Sofitel Royal Park Lima +51 1 215 1616
Philippines Manila Hotel Philippine Plaza +63 2 551 5555
Poland Warsaw Sofitel Victoria Warsaw +48 22 657 8011
Portugal Lisbon Sofitel Lisboa +351 21 322 8300
Romania Bucharest Sofitel Bucharest +40 21 318 3000
South Korea Seoul Sofitel Ambassador Seoul +82 2 2275 1101
Spain Madrid Sofitel Madrid Campo de las Naciones +34 91 721 0070
Switzerland Zurich Sofitel Zürich +41 44 360 6060
Thailand Bangkok Sofitel Silom Bangkok +66 2 2381 991
United Arab Emirates Dubai Sofitel City Centre Hotel and Residence Dubai +971 4 294 1222
United Kingdom London Sofitel St. James London +44 20 7747 2200
United States of America Los Angeles Sofitel Los Angeles +1 310 278 5444
Vietnam Hanoi Sofitel Plaza Hanoi +84 4 823 8888
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Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
Appendix IV: Survey questionnaire
The following pages contain the content of the website that has been created fort his research. The
core of the survey is based on Dunlap et al. (2000: 433) and the website was designed by M.C.
Bakker (Promotemedia).
Start page
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Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
English version
ix
Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
French version
x
Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
Dutch version
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Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
German version
xii
Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
Spanish version
xiii
Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
Portuguese version
xiv
Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
Hebrew version
xv
Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
Appendix V: Statistical details bivariate analyses (7-step schemes)
Analyses of Variance (ANOVA)
Relation 1: Hotel Brand and New Ecological Paradigm Score
H0: μ 1 = μ 2 = ... = μ 29
1: Research hypotheses
H1: not all μ i are equal
(SSB (k − 1)) MSB
2: Test statistic F= =
(SSW (n − k )) MSW
3: Test statistic
F ~ F(k-1, n-k) = F(21, 171)
distribution
4: Rejection areas Fobs >> 1
5: Significance level α = 0.05
6: Critical values F21,171,0.05 = 1,605
Fobs = 0,972 < 1,605
7: Statistical test
Accept H0 at the 5% significance level: there is no significant relationship between
Hotel Brand and New Ecological Paradigm Score.
Relation 2: Hotel’s manager’s hierarchical position and New Ecological Paradigm Score
H0: μ 1 = μ 2 = ... = μ 29
1: Research hypotheses
H1: not all μ i are equal
(SSB (k − 1)) MSB
2: Test statistic F= =
(SSW (n − k )) MSW
3: Test statistic
F ~ F(k-1, n-k) = F(6, 187)
distribution
4: Rejection areas Fobs >> 1
5: Significance level α = 0.05
6: Critical values F21,171,0.05 = 2,174
Fobs = 0,733 < 2,174
7: Statistical test
Accept H0 at the 5% significance level: there is no significant relationship between
Hotel’s manager’s hierarchical position and New Ecological Paradigm Score.
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Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
T-test for Pearson correlation coefficient
Relation 3: Hotel’s manager’s age and New Ecological Paradigm Score
H0: ρ = 0
1: Research hypotheses
H1: ρ ≠ 0
r
T=
2: Test statistic 1− r 2
n−2
3: Test statistic
T ~ t(n-2) = t(192)
distribution
4: Rejection areas r << 0, r >> 0 ⇔ Tobs << 0, Tobs >> 0
5: Significance level α = 0.05
6: Critical values t192,0.025 = (+/-)1.978
r − 0.029
Tobs = = = −0.400 > −1.978
1− r 2 1 − ( −0.029) 2
7: Statistical test n−2 194 − 2
Accept H0 at the 5% significance level: there is no significant relationship between
Hotel’s manager’s age and New Ecological Paradigm Score.
Relation 4: GNI per capita of the country where the hotel is located and New Ecological Paradigm Score
H0: ρ = 0
1: Research hypotheses
H1: ρ ≠ 0
r
T=
2: Test statistic 1− r 2
n−2
3: Test statistic
T ~ t(n-2) = t(191)
distribution
4: Rejection areas r << 0, r >> 0 ⇔ Tobs << 0, Tobs >> 0
5: Significance level α = 0.05
6: Critical values t191,0.025 = (+/-)1.978
r − 0.097
Tobs = = = −1.347 > −1.978
1− r 2
1 − ( −0.097) 2
7: Statistical test
n−2 193 − 2
Accept H0 at the 5% significance level: there is no significant relationship between
GNI per capita of the country where the hotel is located and New Ecological
Paradigm Score.
xvii
Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
Relation 5: Power distance (country where the hotel is located) and New Ecological Paradigm Score
H0: ρ = 0
1: Research hypotheses
H1: ρ ≠ 0
r
T=
2: Test statistic 1− r 2
n−2
3: Test statistic
T ~ t(n-2) = t(192)
distribution
4: Rejection areas r << 0, r >> 0 ⇔ Tobs << 0, Tobs >> 0
5: Significance level α = 0.05
6: Critical values t192,0.025 = (+/-)1.978
r 0.068
Tobs = = = 0.944 < 1.978
1− r 2
1 − (0.068) 2
7: Statistical test
n−2 194 − 2
Accept H0 at the 5% significance level: there is no significant relationship between
Power distance (country where the hotel is located) and New Ecological Paradigm
Score.
Relation 6: Uncertainty avoidance (country where the hotel is located) and New Ecological Paradigm Score
H0: ρ = 0
1: Research hypotheses
H1: ρ ≠ 0
r
T=
2: Test statistic 1− r 2
n−2
3: Test statistic
T ~ t(n-2) = t(192)
distribution
4: Rejection areas r << 0, r >> 0 ⇔ Tobs << 0, Tobs >> 0
5: Significance level α = 0.05
6: Critical values t192,0.025 = (+/-)1.978
r 0.012
Tobs = = = 0.166 < 1.978
1− r 2
1 − (0.012) 2
7: Statistical test
n−2 194 − 2
Accept H0 at the 5% significance level: there is no significant relationship between
Uncertainty avoidance (country where the hotel is located) and New Ecological
Paradigm Score.
xviii
Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
Relation 7: Individualism versus collectivism (country where the hotel is located)
and New Ecological Paradigm Score
H0: ρ = 0
1: Research hypotheses
H1: ρ ≠ 0
r
T=
2: Test statistic 1− r 2
n−2
3: Test statistic
T ~ t(n-2) = t(192)
distribution
4: Rejection areas r << 0, r >> 0 ⇔ Tobs << 0, Tobs >> 0
5: Significance level α = 0.05
6: Critical values t192,0.025 = (+/-)1.978
r − 0.093
Tobs = = = −1.294 > −1.978
1− r 2
1 − (−0.093) 2
7: Statistical test
n−2 194 − 2
Accept H0 at the 5% significance level: there is no significant relationship between
Individualism versus collectivism (country where the hotel is located) and New
Ecological Paradigm Score.
Relation 8: Masculinity versus femininity (country where the hotel is located)
and New Ecological Paradigm Score
H0: ρ = 0
1: Research hypotheses
H1: ρ ≠ 0
r
T=
2: Test statistic 1− r 2
n−2
3: Test statistic
T ~ t(n-2) = t(192)
distribution
4: Rejection areas r << 0, r >> 0 ⇔ Tobs << 0, Tobs >> 0
5: Significance level α = 0.05
6: Critical values t192,0.025 = (+/-)1.978
r − 0.039
Tobs = = = −0.541 > −1.978
1− r 2
1 − (−0.039) 2
7: Statistical test
n−2 194 − 2
Accept H0 at the 5% significance level: there is no significant relationship between
Masculinity versus femininity (country where the hotel is located) and New
Ecological Paradigm Score.
xix
Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
Relation 9: Long-term versus short-term (country where the hotel is located)
and New Ecological Paradigm Score
H0: ρ = 0
1: Research hypotheses
H1: ρ ≠ 0
r
T=
2: Test statistic 1− r 2
n−2
3: Test statistic
T ~ t(n-2) = t(192)
distribution
4: Rejection areas r << 0, r >> 0 ⇔ Tobs << 0, Tobs >> 0
5: Significance level α = 0.05
6: Critical values t192,0.025 = (+/-)1.978
r 0.037
Tobs = = = 0.513 < 1.978
1− r 2
1 − (0.037) 2
7: Statistical test
n−2 194 − 2
Accept H0 at the 5% significance level: there is no significant relationship between
Long-term versus short-term (country where the hotel is located) and New
Ecological Paradigm Score.
Relation 10: Power distance (country of the hotel’s manager’s nationality)
and New Ecological Paradigm Score
H0: ρ = 0
1: Research hypotheses
H1: ρ ≠ 0
r
T=
2: Test statistic 1− r 2
n−2
3: Test statistic
T ~ t(n-2) = t(192)
distribution
4: Rejection areas r << 0, r >> 0 ⇔ Tobs << 0, Tobs >> 0
5: Significance level α = 0.05
6: Critical values t192,0.025 = (+/-)1.978
r − 0.031
Tobs = = = −0.430 > −1.978
1− r 2
1 − (−0.031) 2
7: Statistical test
n−2 194 − 2
Accept H0 at the 5% significance level: there is no significant relationship between
Power distance (country of the hotel’s manager’s nationality) and New Ecological
Paradigm Score.
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Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
Relation 11: Uncertainty avoidance (country of the hotel’s manager’s nationality)
and New Ecological Paradigm Score
H0: ρ = 0
1: Research hypotheses
H1: ρ ≠ 0
r
T=
2: Test statistic 1− r 2
n−2
3: Test statistic
T ~ t(n-2) = t(192)
distribution
4: Rejection areas r << 0, r >> 0 ⇔ Tobs << 0, Tobs >> 0
5: Significance level α = 0.05
6: Critical values t192,0.025 = (+/-)1.978
r 0.043
Tobs = = = 0.596 < 1.978
1− r 2
1 − (0.043) 2
7: Statistical test
n−2 194 − 2
Accept H0 at the 5% significance level: there is no significant relationship between
Uncertainty avoidance (country of the hotel’s manager’s nationality) and New
Ecological Paradigm Score.
Relation 12: Individualism versus collectivism (country of the hotel’s manager’s nationality)
and New Ecological Paradigm Score
H0: ρ = 0
1: Research hypotheses
H1: ρ ≠ 0
r
T=
2: Test statistic 1− r 2
n−2
3: Test statistic
T ~ t(n-2) = t(192)
distribution
4: Rejection areas r << 0, r >> 0 ⇔ Tobs << 0, Tobs >> 0
5: Significance level α = 0.05
6: Critical values t192,0.025 = (+/-)1.978
r − 0.058
Tobs = = = −0.805 > −1.978
1− r 2
1 − (−0.058) 2
7: Statistical test
n−2 194 − 2
Accept H0 at the 5% significance level: there is no significant relationship between
Individualism versus collectivism (country of the hotel’s manager’s nationality) and
New Ecological Paradigm Score.
xxi
Culture affects environmental attitudes – APPENDICES
Analysis of attitudes towareds the environment of management of hotels around the globe
Relation 13: Masculinity versus femininity (country of the hotel’s manager’s nationality)
and New Ecological Paradigm Score
H0: ρ = 0
1: Research hypotheses
H1: ρ ≠ 0
r
T=
2: Test statistic 1− r 2
n−2
3: Test statistic
T ~ t(n-2) = t(192)
distribution
4: Rejection areas r << 0, r >> 0 ⇔ Tobs << 0, Tobs >> 0
5: Significance level α = 0.05
6: Critical values t192,0.025 = (+/-)1.978
r − 0.065
Tobs = = = −0.903 > −1.978
1− r 2
1 − (−0.065) 2
7: Statistical test
n−2 194 − 2
Accept H0 at the 5% significance level: there is no significant relationship between
Masculinity versus femininity (country of the hotel’s manager’s nationality) and New
Ecological Paradigm Score.
Relation 14: Long-term versus short-term (country of the hotel’s manager’s nationality)
and New Ecological Paradigm Score
H0: ρ = 0
1: Research hypotheses
H1: ρ ≠ 0
r
T=
2: Test statistic 1− r 2
n−2
3: Test statistic
T ~ t(n-2) = t(192)
distribution
4: Rejection areas r << 0, r >> 0 ⇔ Tobs << 0, Tobs >> 0
5: Significance level α = 0.05
6: Critical values t192,0.025 = (+/-)1.978
r − 0.025
Tobs = = = −0.347 > −1.978
1− r 2
1 − ( −0.025) 2
7: Statistical test
n−2 194 − 2
Accept H0 at the 5% significance level: there is no significant relationship between
Long-term versus short-term (country of the hotel’s manager’s nationality) and New
Ecological Paradigm Score.
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