Basic Networking

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Shared by: rajavel2k12
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NETWORK • A network is an interconnection of two or more devices in order to enable transfer of data , information and resources from one place to another. Centralized Data Processing Distributed Data Processing TYPES OF NETWORK  LOCAL AREA NETWORK  METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK  WIDE AREA NETWORK COMPONENTS OF A NETWORK      SERVER CLIENTS/WORKSTATIONS/ TERMINALS NETWORK INTERFACE CARD(NIC) CABLES AND CONNECTORS CONNECTIVITY DEVICES Server  MAINTAINS THE DATABASE ABOUT THE USERS AND SYSTEMS IN THE NETWORK  CONTROLS THE USERS IN THE NETWORK  CONTROLS THE RESOURCES LIKE FILES AND PRINTERS Clients  IT ACCESS THE RESOURCES FROM THE SERVER  IT HAS THE LOWER CONFIGURATION  IT PARTICIPATES IN A NETOWORK  IT CANNOT CONTROL ANY OTHER MACHINES IN THE NETWORK NIC  PHYSICALLY TRANSMITS THE DATA IN THE NETWORK  TWO TYPES *16 BIT ISA NIC CARD *32/64 BIT PCI NIC CARD CABLES AND CONNECTORS Cables  Co-axial Cable  Twisted Pair Unshielded Twisted Pair(UTP) Shielded Twisted Pair(STP)  Fiber Optic Cable CABLES AND CONNECTORS Cables  Co-axial Cable  Twisted Pair Unshielded Twisted Pair(UTP) Shielded Twisted Pair(STP)  Fiber Optic Cable UTP CABLE CATEGORY NO OF PAIRS 2 DATA USAGE TRANSFER RATE 4Mbps TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION CAT - 1 CAT – 2 2 4Mbps CAT – 3 CAT –4 CAT – 5 4 4 4 16 Mbps 20 Mbps COMPUTER COMMUNICATION COMPUTER COMMUNICATION COMPUTER COMMUNICATION 100 Mbps UTP IMPLEMENTATION UTP IMPLEMENTATION UTP IMPLEMENTATION the UTP Crimping tool to fasten the plug and cable in place Use Fiber-Optic Cables Fiber-Optic Cables Single Mode Single mode will propagate typically 1310 or 1550nm Higher transmission rate and up to 50 times more distance than multimode, but it also costs more. Has a much smaller core than multimode. The small core and single light-wave virtually eliminate any distortion that could result from overlapping light pulses Speeds of any fiber cable type. Fiber-Optic Cables Multi Mode Multimode fiber gives you high bandwidth at high speeds over medium distances. Light waves are dispersed into numerous paths, or modes, as they travel through the cable's core typically 850 or 1300nm. CONNECTORS • BNC CONNECTOR • BRITISH NAVAL CONNECTOR TOPOLOGY Topology is an arrangement or physical lay out of computers, cables and other components on the network. BUS TOPOLOGY RING TOPOLOGY STAR TOPOLOGY HUB ETHERNET CABLING Commonly used 10Mbps Ethernet cabling systems are 10Base5 or thicknet 10Base2 or thinnet 10BaseT 10BaseFL CONNECTIVITY DEVICES      REPEATERS HUB SWITHCHES BRIDGES ROUTERS REPEATERS  USED IN THE BUS TOPOLOGY  USED TO TWO NETWORKS USING CO-AXIAL CABLE  MAXIMUM 4 NO OF REPEATERS SHOULD BE USED BETWEEN THE NETWORKS  NO CIRCUIT TO FILTER THE NOISES HUB  CENTRAL CONNECTING DEVICE  IT HAS EFFICIENCY TO FILTER THE NOISE AND OTHER DISTURBANCES  IT CAN FIND COLLISIONS IN THE NETWORKS  BANDWITDH IS SHARED AS SYSTEM IS GETTING CONNECTED TO THE HUB BRIDGE  IT IS USED TO CONNECT TWO NETWORKS  IT REDUCES THE STRESS BETWEEN THE NETWORK  AVOIDS COLLISION AND TRAFFIC IN THE NETWORK ROUTER  IT IS USED TO CONNECT DISSIMILAR NETWORKS  IT ROUTES THE DATA DIRECTLY TO THE DESTINATION SYSTEM IN THE NETWORK  IT HELPS FOR THE FASTER COMMUNICATION USING A PROTOCOLS LIKE RIP AND OSPF PROTOCOLS  SET OF RULES TO BE FOLLOWED BY COMPUTERS IN A NETWORK IN ORDER TO ENABLE EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IS CALLED PROTOCOLS TYPES OF PROTOCOLS  NETBEUI  NWLINK  TCP/IP TCP/IP  TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL AND INTERNET PROTOCOL  USED IN WAN  IT CAN BE ROUTED  SUPPORTED BY MORE OPERATING SYSTEMS  DIFFICULT TO SETUP OSI Reference Model Classes of IP Addressing Class A - 8 bit NetId and 24 bit host id - 16 bit NetId and 16 bit host id - 24 bit NetId and 8 bit host id Class B C Class

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