NETWORK
• A network is an interconnection of two or more devices in order to enable transfer of data , information and resources from one place to another.
Centralized Data Processing
Distributed Data
Processing
TYPES OF NETWORK
LOCAL AREA NETWORK METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK WIDE AREA NETWORK
COMPONENTS OF A NETWORK
SERVER CLIENTS/WORKSTATIONS/ TERMINALS NETWORK INTERFACE CARD(NIC) CABLES AND CONNECTORS CONNECTIVITY DEVICES
Server
MAINTAINS THE DATABASE ABOUT THE USERS AND SYSTEMS IN THE NETWORK CONTROLS THE USERS IN THE NETWORK CONTROLS THE RESOURCES LIKE FILES AND PRINTERS
Clients
IT ACCESS THE RESOURCES FROM THE SERVER IT HAS THE LOWER CONFIGURATION IT PARTICIPATES IN A NETOWORK IT CANNOT CONTROL ANY OTHER MACHINES IN THE NETWORK
NIC
PHYSICALLY TRANSMITS THE DATA IN THE NETWORK
TWO TYPES *16 BIT ISA NIC CARD *32/64 BIT PCI NIC CARD
CABLES AND CONNECTORS
Cables
Co-axial Cable Twisted Pair
Unshielded Twisted Pair(UTP) Shielded Twisted Pair(STP)
Fiber Optic Cable
CABLES AND CONNECTORS
Cables
Co-axial Cable Twisted Pair
Unshielded Twisted Pair(UTP) Shielded Twisted Pair(STP)
Fiber Optic Cable
UTP CABLE
CATEGORY NO OF PAIRS
2
DATA USAGE TRANSFER RATE
4Mbps TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION
CAT - 1
CAT – 2
2
4Mbps
CAT – 3
CAT –4 CAT – 5
4
4 4
16 Mbps
20 Mbps
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION COMPUTER COMMUNICATION
100 Mbps
UTP IMPLEMENTATION
UTP IMPLEMENTATION
UTP IMPLEMENTATION
the UTP Crimping tool to fasten the plug and cable in place
Use
Fiber-Optic Cables
Fiber-Optic Cables
Single Mode
Single mode will propagate typically 1310 or 1550nm Higher transmission rate and up to 50 times more distance than multimode, but it also costs more. Has a much smaller core than multimode. The small core and single light-wave virtually eliminate any distortion that could result from overlapping light pulses Speeds of any fiber cable type.
Fiber-Optic Cables
Multi Mode
Multimode fiber gives you high bandwidth at high speeds over medium distances. Light waves are dispersed into numerous paths, or modes, as they travel through the cable's core typically 850 or 1300nm.
CONNECTORS
• BNC CONNECTOR
• BRITISH NAVAL CONNECTOR
TOPOLOGY
Topology is an arrangement or physical lay out of computers, cables and other components on the network.
BUS TOPOLOGY
RING TOPOLOGY
STAR TOPOLOGY
HUB
ETHERNET CABLING
Commonly used 10Mbps Ethernet cabling systems are 10Base5 or thicknet 10Base2 or thinnet 10BaseT 10BaseFL
CONNECTIVITY DEVICES
REPEATERS HUB SWITHCHES BRIDGES ROUTERS
REPEATERS
USED IN THE BUS TOPOLOGY USED TO TWO NETWORKS USING CO-AXIAL CABLE MAXIMUM 4 NO OF REPEATERS SHOULD BE USED BETWEEN THE NETWORKS NO CIRCUIT TO FILTER THE NOISES
HUB
CENTRAL CONNECTING DEVICE IT HAS EFFICIENCY TO FILTER THE NOISE AND OTHER DISTURBANCES IT CAN FIND COLLISIONS IN THE NETWORKS BANDWITDH IS SHARED AS SYSTEM IS GETTING CONNECTED TO THE HUB
BRIDGE
IT IS USED TO CONNECT TWO NETWORKS IT REDUCES THE STRESS BETWEEN THE NETWORK AVOIDS COLLISION AND TRAFFIC IN THE NETWORK
ROUTER
IT IS USED TO CONNECT DISSIMILAR NETWORKS IT ROUTES THE DATA DIRECTLY TO THE DESTINATION SYSTEM IN THE NETWORK IT HELPS FOR THE FASTER COMMUNICATION USING A PROTOCOLS LIKE RIP AND OSPF
PROTOCOLS
SET OF RULES TO BE FOLLOWED BY COMPUTERS IN A NETWORK IN ORDER TO ENABLE EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IS CALLED PROTOCOLS
TYPES OF PROTOCOLS
NETBEUI NWLINK TCP/IP
TCP/IP
TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL AND INTERNET PROTOCOL USED IN WAN IT CAN BE ROUTED SUPPORTED BY MORE OPERATING SYSTEMS DIFFICULT TO SETUP
OSI Reference Model
Classes of IP Addressing
Class
A
- 8 bit NetId and 24 bit host id - 16 bit NetId and 16 bit host id - 24 bit NetId and 8 bit host id
Class
B C
Class