Volume Table of Contents and Cover Sheet

COVER SHEET RESPONSIBLE AGENCY: U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration TITLE: Draft Complex Transformation Supplemental Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (Complex Transformation SPEIS, DOE/EIS-0236-S4) CONTACTS: For further information on this SPEIS, write or call: For general information on the DOE National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process, write or call: Carol Borgstrom, Director Office of NEPA Policy and Compliance, GC-20 U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20585 (202) 586-4600 or leave a message at 1-800-472-2756 Theodore A. Wyka Complex Transformation SPEIS Document Manager Office of Transformation, NA-10.1 U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20585 1-800-832-0885, x63519 ABSTRACT: The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), an agency within the Department of Energy, has the responsibility to maintain the safety, security, and reliability of the United States’ nuclear weapons stockpile. This Complex Transformation Supplemental Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (SPEIS) analyzes the potential environmental impacts of reasonable alternatives to continue transformation of the nuclear weapons complex to be smaller, and more responsive, efficient, and secure in order to meet national security requirements. The current Complex consists of sites located in seven states (California, Missouri, Nevada, New Mexico, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas). This SPEIS evaluates alternatives that would restructure special nuclear materials manufacturing and research and development facilities; consolidate special nuclear materials throughout the Complex; consolidate, relocate, or eliminate duplicative facilities and programs and improve operating efficiencies; and identify one or more sites for conducting NNSA flight test operations. COOPERATING AGENCIES: The Department of the Air Force and the U.S. Army Garrison White Sands are cooperating agencies in the preparation of this Complex Transformation SPEIS. PUBLIC COMMENTS: A 90-day comment period on this document begins with the publication of the Environmental Protection Agency’s Notice of Availability in the Federal Register. NNSA will consider comments received after the 90-day period to the extent practicable. NNSA will hold public hearings to receive comments on this document at the times and locations announced in local media and the DOE Notice of Availability. Written comments may also be submitted by U.S. mail to Mr. Theodore A. Wyka at the above address or by email to complextransformation@nnsa.doe.gov. This document and related information are available on the Internet at www.ComplexTransformationSPEIS.com. DOE/EIS-0236-S4 Draft Complex Transformation Supplemental Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement Volume I Chapters 1 - 4 December 2007 Prepared by: National Nuclear Security Administration U.S. Department of Energy Table of Contents Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Volume I TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume I – Chapters 1 through 4 Volume II – Chapters 5 through 15 and Appendices A through G Cover Sheet Table of Contents............................................................................................................................. i List of Figures ..................................................................................................................................x List of Tables .................................................................................................................................xv Acronyms and Abbreviations ...................................................................................................... xxi Chemicals and Units of Measure .................................................................................................xxx Conversion Chart ...................................................................................................................... xxxii Metric Prefixes......................................................................................................................... xxxiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 1-1 1.0 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Complex Transformation ..................................................................................... 1-3 1.1.1 Maintaining Nuclear Deterrence.............................................................. 1-4 1.1.2 Security for Nuclear Weapons and Special Nuclear Materials (SNM) ... 1-4 1.1.3 Approach to Transformation of the Complex.......................................... 1-4 1.2 The Nuclear Weapons Complex Today............................................................... 1-5 1.2.1 Nuclear Weapons ..................................................................................... 1-6 1.3 Introduction of the Alternatives ........................................................................... 1-7 1.3.1 Restructure SNM Facilities...................................................................... 1-7 1.3.2 Restructure R&D and Testing Facilities .................................................. 1-8 1.3.3 No Action Alternative.............................................................................. 1-8 1.4 Relevant History — Evolution of the Complex in the Post-Cold War Era ......... 1-8 1.5 NEPA Strategy for this Supplemental PEIS ...................................................... 1-10 1.5.1 Decisions Regarding the Complex Transformation............................... 1-11 1.5.2 Relevant NEPA Documents................................................................... 1-11 1.5.2.1 Completed NEPA Actions ...................................................... 1-11 1.5.2.2 Ongoing NEPA Analyses ....................................................... 1-16 1.6 Public Participation............................................................................................ 1-19 1.6.1 Background ............................................................................................ 1-19 1.6.2 Summary of Major Scoping Comments ................................................ 1-21 1.6.3 Key Changes to the Scope of the Complex Transformation SPEIS Resulting from Public Comments.......................................................... 1-24 1.7 Organization of This Complex Transformation Supplemental PEIS ................ 1-25 CHAPTER 2: PURPOSE AND NEED ................................................................................... 2-1 2.0 Purpose and Need for Agency Action ................................................................. 2-1 i Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Table of Contents 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 National Security Policy Considerations ............................................................. 2-2 2.1.1 Presidential Directives through 1996 and Pubic Law (103-160)............. 2-3 2.1.2 Nuclear Posture Reviews (NPR).............................................................. 2-3 2.1.3 Proposed Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)................................ 2-5 2.1.4 Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) ................... 2-5 2.1.5 Moscow Treaty ........................................................................................ 2-5 2.1.6 Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Plan (NWSPs) ............................................ 2-6 2.1.7 Presidential Directives after 1996 and Public Law (109-163)................. 2-7 Safety, Security and Reliability of the U.S. Stockpile......................................... 2-8 2.2.1 Stockpile History ..................................................................................... 2-8 2.2.2 Historical Stockpile Data and the Smaller, Aging Stockpile................... 2-8 Purpose and Need for NNSA Action ................................................................. 2-10 2.3.1 Responsiveness of the Nuclear Weapons Complex Infrastructure ........ 2-10 2.3.2 Laboratory Technical and Industrial Base Capabilities ......................... 2-11 2.3.3 Adequate Production Capacity for a Smaller Stockpile ........................ 2-11 2.3.3.1 Production Capacity Planning Assumptions .......................... 2-12 2.3.3.2 Technical Considerations for Pit Production Capacity Planning ................................................................... 2-12 2.3.3.3 Technical Considerations for Secondary Assembly Component (i.e. Canned Subassembly) Production Capacity Planning ................................................................... 2-13 2.3.4 A Smaller Infrastructure Footprint for More Cost-Effective Operations ............................................................................................. 2-14 2.3.5 Enhanced Security for Special Nuclear Materials ................................. 2-14 Proposed Actions ............................................................................................... 2-14 2.4.1 Restructure SNM Facilities.................................................................... 2-15 2.4.2 Restructure R&D and Testing Facilities ................................................ 2-16 Reliable Replacement Warhead......................................................................... 2-18 2.5.1 RRW Status............................................................................................ 2-18 2.5.2 RRW and the Proposed Actions ............................................................ 2-18 2.5.3 RRW and Nuclear Testing ..................................................................... 2-18 2.5.4 Potential Effects of the RRW on the Stockpile...................................... 2-19 2.5.5 RRW and Complex Transformation ...................................................... 2-20 2.5.6 RRW and the Evaluation of Pit Production Capacity............................ 2-20 2.5.7 RRWs and Use of Radioactive and Hazardous Materials ..................... 2-21 2.5.8 RRW Summary...................................................................................... 2-21 Programmatic Impacts of Smaller Stockpiles.................................................... 2-21 2.6.1 Defining a Smaller Stockpile ................................................................. 2-22 2.6.2 Capability-Based Capacity..................................................................... 2-22 2.6.3 Potential Effects on the Proposed Actions and Alternatives ................. 2-22 CHAPTER 3: ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................................. 3-1 3.0 Overview.............................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 Development of Reasonable Alternatives............................................................ 3-1 ii Table of Contents Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.1.1 Restructure SNM Facilities...................................................................... 3-2 3.1.2 Restructure R&D and Testing Facilities .................................................. 3-5 Overview of Potentially Affected Sites and Existing Missions........................... 3-7 3.2.1 Los Alamos National Laboratory............................................................. 3-7 3.2.2 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory .............................................. 3-8 3.2.3 Nevada Test Site ...................................................................................... 3-9 3.2.4 Tonopah Test Range .............................................................................. 3-10 3.2.5 Pantex Plant ........................................................................................... 3-10 3.2.6 Sandia National Laboratories................................................................. 3-11 3.2.7 White Sands Missile Range ................................................................... 3-12 3.2.8 Savannah River Site............................................................................... 3-12 3.2.9 Y-12 ....................................................................................................... 3-13 Programmatic No Action Alternative ................................................................ 3-15 3.3.1 Limitations of the Existing Complex..................................................... 3-17 Programmatic Alternative 1: Distributed Centers of Excellence....................... 3-20 3.4.1 Consolidated Plutonium Center ............................................................. 3-20 3.4.1.1 CPC Operations ......................................................................... 3-22 3.4.1.2 CPC Facility Requirements........................................................ 3-24 3.4.1.3 CPC Transportation Requirements ............................................ 3-28 3.4.1.4 Phase-out NNSA Plutonium Operations and Remove Category I/II SNM from LANL.............................................. 3-29 3.4.1.5 Candidate Sites for a CPC.......................................................... 3-30 3.4.1.6 Los Alamos CPC Alternatives ................................................... 3-31 3.4.1.6.1 Los Alamos Upgrade Alternative ............................ 3-35 3.4.1.6.2 Los Alamos Upgrade Alternative to Produce up to 80 Pits per Year (“50/80 Alternative”) ........... 3-37 3.4.2 Uranium Processing Facility at Y-12..................................................... 3-39 3.4.2.1 UPF Construction....................................................................... 3-40 3.4.2.2 UPF Operations.......................................................................... 3-41 3.4.3 Upgrade Existing Enriched Uranium Facilities at Y-12 ........................ 3-42 Programmatic Alternative 2: Consolidated Centers of Excellence.................... 3-44 3.5.1 Consolidated Nuclear Production Center Option .................................. 3-46 3.5.1.1 Consolidated Uranium Center ................................................... 3-46 3.5.1.1.1 CUC Construction.................................................... 3-48 3.5.1.1.2 CUC Operation ........................................................ 3-49 3.5.1.2 Assembly/Disassembly/High Explosives Center....................... 3-50 3.5.1.2.1 Operations Conducted at an A/D/HE Center ........... 3-51 3.5.1.3 Transport of Plutonium and HEU to a CNPC............................ 3-53 3.5.1.4 Site-Specific Features Relevant to a CNPC............................... 3-54 3.5.1.4.1 Los Alamos .............................................................. 3-54 3.5.1.4.2 NTS .......................................................................... 3-56 3.5.1.4.3 Pantex....................................................................... 3-59 3.5.1.4.4 SRS .......................................................................... 3-59 iii Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Table of Contents 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.5.1.4.5 Y-12 ......................................................................... 3-60 3.5.2 Consolidated Nuclear Center Option ..................................................... 3-61 Programmatic Alternative 3: Capability-Based Alternative .............................. 3-62 3.6.1 Capability-Based Alternative for Production Facilities......................... 3-62 3.6.1.1 Capability-Based Alternative for LANL ................................... 3-63 3.6.1.2 Capability-Based Alternative for Pantex ................................... 3-63 3.6.1.3 Capability-Based Alternative for Y-12...................................... 3-64 3.6.1.4 Capability-Based Alternative for SRS ....................................... 3-65 3.6.2 Further Stockpile Reductions................................................................. 3-66 Category I/II SNM Consolidation Alternatives ................................................. 3-67 3.7.1 No Action Alternative............................................................................ 3-68 3.7.1.1 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ................................ 3-68 3.7.1.2 Pantex......................................................................................... 3-69 3.7.1.3 Los Alamos National Laboratory............................................... 3-71 3.7.1.4 Sandia National Laboratories/NM ............................................. 3-73 3.7.2 Transfer Category I/II SNM from LLNL to Other Sites and Phase-out Operations Involving Category I/II quantities of SNM at Superblock .. 3-73 3.7.3 Transfer Category I/II SNM from Pantex Zone 4 to Zone 12 ............... 3-74 High Explosives R&D ....................................................................................... 3-76 3.8.1 Alternative 1 — No Action Alternative................................................. 3-76 3.8.1.1 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ................................ 3-77 3.8.1.2 Los Alamos National Laboratory............................................... 3-78 3.8.1.3 Pantex Plant ............................................................................... 3-79 3.8.1.4 Sandia National Laboratories/NM ............................................. 3-80 3.8.1.5 NTS ............................................................................................ 3-81 3.8.2 HE R&D SPEIS Alternatives................................................................. 3-81 3.8.2.1 HE R&D Minor Reduction/Consolidation Alternatives ............ 3-81 3.8.2.2 HE R&D Major Reduction/Consolidation Alternative.............. 3-86 Tritium R&D...................................................................................................... 3-90 3.9.1 Tritium R&D No Action Alternative..................................................... 3-91 3.9.1.1 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ................................ 3-91 3.9.1.2 Los Alamos National Laboratory............................................... 3-91 3.9.1.3 Savannah River Site................................................................... 3-92 3.9.1.4 Sandia National Laboratories/NM ............................................. 3-93 3.9.2 Consolidate Tritium R&D at SRS Alternative....................................... 3-93 3.9.3 Consolidate Tritium R&D at LANL Alternative ................................... 3-93 3.9.4 Reduce Tritium R&D in Place Alternative............................................ 3-94 NNSA Flight Test Operations for Gravity Weapons......................................... 3-95 3.10.1 No Action Alternative............................................................................ 3-96 3.10.2 Upgrade of Tonopah Test Range Alternative ........................................ 3-97 3.10.3 Campaign Mode Operation of TTR....................................................... 3-98 3.10.4 Transfer to WSMR Alternative.............................................................. 3-99 3.10.4.1 Siting Locations ...................................................................... 3-99 iv Table of Contents Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.10.5 Transfer to NTS Alternative ................................................................ 3-100 Hydrodynamic Testing..................................................................................... 3-101 3.11.1 No Action Alternative.......................................................................... 3-101 3.11.1.1 Hydrotesting Facilities at LLNL........................................... 3-102 3.11.1.2 Hydrotesting Facilities at LANL .......................................... 3-103 3.11.1.3 Hydrotesting Facilities at Pantex, SNL/NM, and NTS......... 3-105 3.11.2 Action Alternatives .............................................................................. 3-106 3.11.2.1 Reduce in Place Alternative.................................................. 3-106 3.11.2.2 Consolidation at LANL ........................................................ 3-106 3.11.2.3 Consolidation at NTS – A Next Generation Alternative ...... 3-108 Major Environmental Test Facilities ............................................................... 3-110 3.12.1 No Action Alternative.......................................................................... 3-110 3.12.1.1 Environmental Test Facilities at LANL ............................... 3-111 3.12.1.2 Environmental Test Facilities at LLNL ................................ 3-112 3.12.1.3 Environmental Test Facilities at SNL/NM ........................... 3-112 3.12.1.4 Environmental Test Facilities at NTS................................... 3-113 3.12.2 Consolidation in Place Alternative ...................................................... 3-114 3.12.3 Alternative to Consolidate ETF Capabilities at One Site (NTS or SNL/NM)........................................................................ 3-115 3.12.4 ETF Pantex Option .............................................................................. 3-116 Sandia National Laboratories, California (SNL/CA), Weapons Support Functions.......................................................................................................... 3-117 3.13.1 No Action Alternative.......................................................................... 3-117 3.13.2 Move Activities to SNL/NM ............................................................... 3-121 Potential Changes at Alternative Sites............................................................. 3-122 3.14.1 Los Alamos National Laboratory......................................................... 3-122 3.14.2 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory .......................................... 3-122 3.14.3 Nevada Test Site .................................................................................. 3-123 3.14.4 Pantex Plant ......................................................................................... 3-123 3.14.5 Sandia National Laboratories/NM ....................................................... 3-124 3.14.6 Savannah River Site............................................................................. 3-124 3.14.7 Tonopah Test Range ............................................................................ 3-125 3.14.8 Y-12 .............................................................................................. 3-125 3.14.9 White Sands Missile Range ................................................................. 3-125 3.14.10 Sandia National Laboratories/CA...................................................... 3-125 Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Detailed Study ........................ 3-127 Comparison of Impacts .................................................................................... 3-135 3.16.1 Land Use for Programmatic Alternatives ............................................ 3-135 3.16.2 Impacts on Complex Facilities for Programmatic Alternatives........... 3-136 3.16.3 Impacts on Complex Facilities for Project-Specific Alternatives........ 3-136 3.16.4 Employment under the Programmatic Alternatives............................. 3-137 3.16.5 Transportation under the Programmatic Alternatives.......................... 3-137 3.16.6 Accidents and Malicious Acts in Programmatic Alternatives ............. 3-138 v Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Table of Contents 3.17 3.16.7 Infrastructure Demands for the Programmatic Alternatives................ 3-138 Preferred Alternatives ...................................................................................... 3-140 CHAPTER 4: AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................4-1 4.0 Introduction...........................................................................................................4-1 4.1 Los Alamos National Laboratory..........................................................................4-1 4.1.1 Land Resources.........................................................................................4-2 4.1.2 Visual Resources.......................................................................................4-8 4.1.3 Site Infrastructure......................................................................................4-9 4.1.4 Air Quality and Noise .............................................................................4-13 4.1.5 Water Resources .....................................................................................4-20 4.1.6 Geology and Soils ...................................................................................4-27 4.1.7 Biological Resources ..............................................................................4-32 4.1.8 Cultural and Archaeological Resources..................................................4-36 4.1.9 Socioeconomic Resources ......................................................................4-38 4.1.10 Environmental Justice.............................................................................4-42 4.1.11 Health and Safety....................................................................................4-46 4.1.12 Transportation .........................................................................................4-48 4.1.13 Waste Management.................................................................................4-51 4.2 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories/California .......................................................................................4-55 4.2.1 Land Resources.......................................................................................4-55 4.2.2 Visual Resources.....................................................................................4-60 4.2.3 Site Infrastructure....................................................................................4-61 4.2.4 Air Quality and Noise .............................................................................4-63 4.2.5 Water Resources .....................................................................................4-67 4.2.6 Geology and Soils ...................................................................................4-75 4.2.7 Biological Resources ..............................................................................4-81 4.2.8 Cultural and Archaeological Resources..................................................4-93 4.2.9 Socioeconomic Resources ......................................................................4-96 4.2.10 Environmental Justice...........................................................................4-100 4.2.11 Health and Safety .................................................................................4-104 4.2.12 Transportation .......................................................................................4-107 4.2.13 Waste Management...............................................................................4-112 4.3 Nevada Test Site ...............................................................................................4-121 4.3.1 Land Use ...............................................................................................4-122 4.3.2 Visual Resources...................................................................................4-124 4.3.3 Site Infrastructure..................................................................................4-125 4.3.4 Air Quality and Noise ...........................................................................4-126 4.3.5 Water Resources ...................................................................................4-129 4.3.6 Geology and Soils .................................................................................4-137 4.3.7 Biological Resources ............................................................................4-144 4.3.8 Cultural and Paleontological Resources ...............................................4-148 vi Table of Contents Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.3.9 Socioeconomic Resources ....................................................................4-149 4.3.10 Environmental Justice...........................................................................4-153 4.3.11 Health and Safety .................................................................................4-157 4.3.12 Transportation .......................................................................................4-169 4.3.13 Waste Management...............................................................................4-160 Tonopah Test Range .........................................................................................4-164 4.4.1 Land Use ...............................................................................................4-164 4.4.2 Visual Resources...................................................................................4-166 4.4.3 Site Infrastructure..................................................................................4-167 4.4.4 Air Quality and Noise ...........................................................................4-168 4.4.5 Water Resources ...................................................................................4-169 4.4.6 Geology and Soils .................................................................................4-172 4.4.7 Biological Resources ............................................................................4-177 4.4.8 Cultural and Archaeological Resources................................................4-181 4.4.9 Socioeconomic Resources ....................................................................4-182 4.4.10 Environmental Justice...........................................................................4-185 4.4.11 Health and Safety .................................................................................4-189 4.4.12 Transportation .......................................................................................4-190 4.4.13 Waste Management...............................................................................4-192 Pantex Plant ......................................................................................................4-195 4.5.1 Land Use ...............................................................................................4-195 4.5.2 Visual Resources...................................................................................4-199 4.5.3 Site Infrastructure..................................................................................4-200 4.5.4 Air Quality and Noise ...........................................................................4-201 4.5.5 Water Resources ...................................................................................4-203 4.5.6 Geology and Soils .................................................................................4-210 4.5.7 Biological Resources ............................................................................4-214 4.5.8 Cultural and Archaeological Resources................................................4-221 4.5.9 Socioeconomic Resources ....................................................................4-222 4.5.10 Environmental Justice...........................................................................4-226 4.5.11 Health and Safety .................................................................................4-230 4.5.12 Transportation .......................................................................................4-232 4.5.13 Waste Management...............................................................................4-235 Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico......................................................4-239 4.6.1 Land Use ...............................................................................................4-239 4.6.2 Visual Resources...................................................................................4-241 4.6.3 Site Infrastructure..................................................................................4-241 4.6.4 Air Quality and Noise ...........................................................................4-242 4.6.5 Water Resources ...................................................................................4-247 4.6.6 Geology and Soils .................................................................................4-249 4.6.7 Biological Resources ............................................................................4-252 4.6.8 Cultural and Archaeological Resources................................................4-255 4.6.9 Socioeconomic Resources ....................................................................4-257 vii Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Table of Contents 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.6.10 Environmental Justice...........................................................................4-261 4.6.11 Health and Safety .................................................................................4-265 4.6.12 Transportation .......................................................................................4-268 4.6.13 Waste Management...............................................................................4-269 White Sands Missile Range ..............................................................................4-273 4.7.1 Land Use ...............................................................................................4-273 4.7.2 Visual Resources...................................................................................4-278 4.7.3 Site Infrastructure..................................................................................4-279 4.7.4 Air Quality and Noise ...........................................................................4-280 4.7.5 Water Resources ...................................................................................4-282 4.7.6 Geology and Soils .................................................................................4-285 4.7.7 Biological Resources ............................................................................4-287 4.7.8 Cultural and Archaeological Resources................................................4-294 4.7.9 Socioeconomic Resources ....................................................................4-296 4.7.10 Environmental Justice...........................................................................4-299 4.7.11 Health and Safety .................................................................................4-304 4.7.12 Transportation .......................................................................................4-305 4.7.13 Waste Management...............................................................................4-307 Savannah River Site..........................................................................................4-308 4.8.1 Land Use ...............................................................................................4-308 4.8.2 Visual Resources...................................................................................4-310 4.8.3 Site Infrastructure..................................................................................4-310 4.8.4 Air Quality and Noise ...........................................................................4-311 4.8.5 Water Resources ...................................................................................4-314 4.8.6 Geology and Soils .................................................................................4-321 4.8.7 Biological Resources ............................................................................4-322 4.8.8 Cultural and Archaeological Resources................................................4-326 4.8.9 Socioeconomic Resources ....................................................................4-327 4.8.10 Environmental Justice...........................................................................4-331 4.8.11 Health and Safety .................................................................................4-335 4.8.12 Transportation .......................................................................................4-337 4.8.13 Waste Management...............................................................................4-340 Y-12 Site ...........................................................................................................4-345 4.9.1 Land Resources.....................................................................................4-345 4.9.2 Visual Resources...................................................................................4-347 4.9.3 Site Infrastructure..................................................................................4-350 4.9.4 Air Quality and Noise ...........................................................................4-351 4.9.5 Water Resources ...................................................................................4-354 4.9.6 Geology and Soils .................................................................................4-358 4.9.7 Biological Resources ............................................................................4-360 4.9.8 Cultural and Archaeological Resources................................................4-364 4.9.9 Socioeconomic Resources ....................................................................4-366 4.9.10 Environmental Justice...........................................................................4-370 viii Table of Contents Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 4.9.11 Health and Safety .................................................................................4-374 4.9.12 Transportation .......................................................................................4-377 4.9.13 Waste Management...............................................................................4-379 ix Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Table of Contents List of Figures CHAPTER 1 Figure 1-1 Figure 1-2 Figure 1-3 CHAPTER 2 Figure 2-1 Figure 2-2 CHAPTER 3 Figure 3.1-1 Figure 3.1-2 Figure 3.3.1-1 Figure 3.3.1-2 Figure 3.3.1-3 Figure 3.4.1-1 Figure 3.4.1-2 Figure 3.4.1-3 Figure 3.4.1-4 Figure 3.4.1-5 Figure 3.4.1-6 Figure 3.4.1-7 Figure 3.4.2-1 Figure 3.4.2-2 Figure 3.5.1-1 Figure 3.5.1-2 Figure 3.5.1-3 Figure 3.5.1-4 Figure 3.5.1-5 Figure 3.5.1-6 Figure 3.5.2-1 Figure 3.7-1 Figure 3.7-2 Figure 3.7-3 Figure 3.7-4 Figure 3.7-5 Figure 3.8-1 Figure 3.8-2 Figure 3.8-3 Figure 3.8-4 Figure 3.8-5 Figure 3.8-6 Nuclear Weapons Complex Sites and Current Major Responsibilities ......... 1-2 Simplified Modern Nuclear Weapon ............................................................. 1-7 Public Scoping Meetings Locations and Dates............................................ 1-20 Policy Perspective of the Stockpile Stewardship Program and Complex Transformation ............................................................................... 2-4 Transition to the New Triad......................................................................... 2-11 Programmatic Alternatives ............................................................................ 3-4 Alternatives to Restructure R&D and Testing Facilities ............................... 3-6 Facility Construction History within the Current Complex......................... 3-18 Footprint Reductions in the Complex Due to Mission Changes.................. 3-18 Possible Footprint Reductions in the Complex Due to Mission Changes ... 3-19 Generic Layout of a CPC............................................................................. 3-26 Los Alamos CPC Reference Location ......................................................... 3-32 NTS CPC Reference Location ..................................................................... 3-32 Pantex CPC Reference Location.................................................................. 3-33 SRS CPC Reference Location ..................................................................... 3-33 Y-12 CPC Reference Location .................................................................... 3-34 TA-55 site plan showing the CMRR and Manufacturing Annex Facilities ....................................................................................................... 3-36 Artist’s Rendering of the UPF Adjacent to the HEUM6 ............................. 3-39 Proposed Location of the UPF Relative to Other Buil39ngs at Y-12.......... 3-40 Generic Layout of the CNPC....................................................................... 3-47 Los Alamos CNPC Reference Locations..................................................... 3-55 NTS CNPC Reference Locations................................................................. 3-57 Pantex CNPC Reference Location............................................................... 3-59 SRS CNPC Reference.................................................................................. 3-60 Y-12 CNPC Reference Location ................................................................. 3-60 Generic Layout of the CNC ......................................................................... 3-61 Location of Building 332 and the DWTF at LLNL..................................... 3-68 Pit Storage at Pantex .................................................................................... 3-70 Typical Storage Igloos at Pantex ................................................................. 3-70 Simplified Illustration of a pit with AL-R8 Storage Container ................... 3-71 Major Technical Areas (TAs) at LANL, including TA-55.......................... 3-72 The LLNL HEAF......................................................................................... 3-77 Relevant Zones at Pantex for HE R&D ....................................................... 3-79 Explosive Component Facility (ECF); SNL-NM Bldg 905 ........................ 3-80 SNL/NM Technical Areas ........................................................................... 3-81 New Construction Location for LANL Consolidation Alternative ............. 3-86 Location for New HE R&D Facility at LLNL............................................. 3-87 x Table of Contents Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Figure 3.9-1 Figure 3.9-2 Figure 3.9-3 Figure 3.10-1 Figure 3.10-2 Figure 3.10-3 Figure 3.10-4 Figure 3.11-1 Figure 3.11-2 Figure 3.11-3 Figure 3.11-4 Figure 3.11-5 Figure 3.12-1 Figure 3.12-2 Figure 3.12-3 Figure 3.13-1 CHAPTER 4 Figure 4.1-1 Figure 4.1.1-1 Figure 4.1.1-2 Figure 4.1.5-1 Figure 4.1.5-2 LLNL Tritium Facility................................................................................. 3-91 Aerial Photo of the WETF ........................................................................... 3-92 Aerial Photo of SRS Tritium Facilities........................................................ 3-92 Location of TTR and NTS ........................................................................... 3-96 HTM Upgrade Alternative........................................................................... 3-98 Location of WSMR...................................................................................... 3-99 NTS ............................................................................................................ 3-100 Locations of B801, B812, B850, and B851 at Site 300............................. 3-102 The Contained Firing Facility at the Building 801 Complex .................... 3-103 TA-15 at LANL ......................................................................................... 3-104 The DARHT at LANL ............................................................................... 3-104 Potential Locations of “CFF-Like” Replacement Facility at LANL ......... 3-107 Photos of Building 334, Hardened Engineering Test Building: (a) view of environmental test facilities bay, (b) view of INRAD bay...... 3-112 Drop Tower Facility at SNL/NM............................................................... 3-113 The U1a Environmental Test Facility at NTS ........................................... 3-114 SNL/CA Weapons Support Facilities ........................................................ 3-118 Figure 4.1.6-1 Figure 4.1.9-1 Figure 4.1.9-2 Figure 4.1.10-1 Figure 4.1.10-2 Figure 4.1.10-3 Figure 4.1.12-1 Figure 4.2-1 Figure 4.2.1-1 Figure 4.2.1-2 Figure 4.2.5-1 Figure 4.2.5-2 Figure 4.2.6-1 Figure 4.2.9-1 Figure 4.2.9-2 Location of LANL ..........................................................................................4-3 TAs and Key Facilities at LANL ....................................................................4-4 Generalized Land Use at LANL .....................................................................4-7 Number of Exceedances of NPDES Outfall Effluent Limits 2 over the Past 12 Years.................................................................................................4-24 Illustration of Geologic and Hydrologic Relationships in the Los Alamos Area, Showing the Three Modes of Groundwater Occurrence………………………………………………...4-26 Mapped Faults in the LANL Area ................................................................4-30 Region of Influence for LANL .....................................................................4-39 Trends in Population for LANL ROI, 1990-2005 ........................................4-41 Potentially Affected Counties Surrounding LANL ......................................4-42 Minority Population – Census Tracts with More than 50 Percent Minority Population in a 50-Mile Radius of LANL .....................................4-44 Low-Income Population – Census Tracts with More than 50 Percent Low-Income Population in a 50-Mile Radius of LANL...............................4-45 LANL Regional Highway System and Major Roads ...................................4-50 Livermore Site, Site 300, and SNL/CA ........................................................4-56 Livermore Site Surrounding Land Use .........................................................4-58 Site 300 Surrounding Land Uses and Land Use Designations .....................4-59 Livermore Valley Surface Water Features ...................................................4-68 Location of Subbasins and Physiographic Features of the Livermore Valley............................................................................................................4-75 Location of the Major Faults Adjacent to the Livermore Site and Site 300.................................................................................................................4-79 Region of Influence for LLNL and SNL/CA................................................4-97 Trends in Population for LLNL ROI, 1990-2005.........................................4-99 xi Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Table of Contents Figure 4.2.10-1 Figure 4.2.10-2 Figure 4.2.10-3 Figure 4.2.12-1 Figure 4.3-1 Figure 4.3.1-1 Figure 4.3.4-1 Figure 4.3.5-1 Figure 4.3.5-2 Figure 4.3.5-3 Figure 4.3.5-4 Figure 4.3.5-5 Figure 4.3.6-1 Figure 4.3.6-2 Figure 4.3.7-1 Figure 4.3.8-1 Figure 4.3.9-1 Figure 4.3.9-2 Figure 4.3.10-1 Figure 4.3.10-2 Figure 4.3.10-3 Figure 4.3.12-1 Figure 4.4-1 Figure 4.4.6-1 Figure 4.4.9-1 Figure 4.4.9-2 Figure 4.4.10-1 Figure 4.4.10-2 Figure 4.4.10-3 Figure 4.4.12-1 Figure 4.5–1 Figure 4.5.1–1 Figure 4.5.1–2 Figure 4.5.5-1 Figure 4.5.9-1 Figure 4.5.9-2 Figure 4.5.10-1 Potentially Affected Counties Surrounding LLNL.....................................4-100 Minority Population – Census Tracts with More than 50 Percent Minority Population in a 50-Mile Radius of LLNL....................................4-102 Low-Income Population – Census Tracts with More than 50 Percent Low-Income Population in a 50-Mile Radius of LLNL .............................4-103 Regional Transportation Network with Traffic Counts ..............................4-108 Location of NTS .........................................................................................4-121 Land Use at NTS.........................................................................................4-123 Annual Climatological Wind Rose Patterns at 11 NTS MEDA Stations from Wind Data Gathered, 1984 to 2004......................................4-127 Basin and Range Physiographic Province and Great Basin Hydrologic Province ......................................................................................................4-131 Closed Hydrographic Subbasins on the NTS .............................................4-132 Natural Water Sources on the NTS.............................................................4-133 Groundwater Subbasins of the NTS and Vicinity.......................................4-135 Areas of potential groundwater contamination on the NTS .......................4-136 Topography at NTS and Vicinity................................................................4-139 Major Fault Systems and Historic Earthquakes in NTS Region.................4-140 Distribution of Plant Alliances on the NTS ................................................4-146 Prehistoric Petroglyph from Fortymile Canyon on NTS ............................4-149 Region of Influence for NTS ......................................................................4-150 Trends in Population for NTS ROI, 1990-2005..........................................4-152 Potentially Affected Counties Surrounding NTS .......................................4-153 Minority Population – Census Tracts with More than 50 Percent Minority Population in a 50-Mile Radius of NTS ......................................4-155 Low-Income Population – Census Tracts with More than 50 Percent Low-Income Population in a 50-Mile Radius of NTS................................4-156 Roads in the Vicinity of NTS......................................................................4-160 Location of the TTR....................................................................................4-165 Clean Slate 1, 2, and 3 ................................................................................4-175 Region of Influence for TTR ......................................................................4-182 Trends in Population for TTR ROI, 1990-2005..........................................4-184 Potentially Affected Counties Surrounding TTR .......................................4-185 Minority Population – Census Tracts with More than 50 Percent Minority Population in a 50-Mile Radius of TTR ......................................4-187 Low-Income Population – Census Tracts with More than 50 Percent Low-Income Population in a 50-Mile Radius of TTR................................4-188 Roads in the Vicinity of TTR......................................................................4-191 Location of the Pantex ................................................................................4-196 Generalized Land Use at Pantex and Vicinity ............................................4-197 Principal Features of Pantex .......................................................................4-198 Drainage Basins, Playas, and Outfalls at Pantex Plant ...............................4-205 Region of Influence for Pantex ...................................................................4-223 Trends in Population for the Pantex ROI, 1990-2005 ................................4-225 Potentially Affected Counties Surrounding Pantex ....................................4-226 xii Table of Contents Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Figure 4.5.10-2 Figure 4.5.10-3 Figure 4.5.12-1 Figure 4.6-1 Figure 4.6.4-1 Figure 4.6.5-1 Figure 4.6.6-1 Figure 4.6.7-1 Figure 4.6.9-1 Figure 4.6.9-2 Figure 4.6.10-1 Figure 4.6.10-2 Figure 4.6.10-3 Figure 4.6.12-1 Figure 4.7-1 Figure 4.7.1-1 Figure 4.7.1-2 Figure 4.7.6-1 Figure 4.7.7-1 Figure 4.7.7-2 Figure 4.7.9-1 Figure 4.7.9-2 Figure 4.7.10-1 Figure 4.7.10-2 Figure 4.7.10-3 Figure 4.7.12-1 Figure 4.8-1 Figure 4.8.5-1 Figure 4.8.9-1 Figure 4.8.9-2 Figure 4.8.10-1 Figure 4.8.10-2 Figure 4.8.10-3 Figure 4.8.12-1 Figure 4.9-1 Figure 4.9.1-1 Minority Population – Census Tracts with More than 50 Percent Minority Population in a 50-Mile Radius of Pantex...................................4-228 Low-Income Population – Census Tracts with More than 50 Percent Low-Income Population in a 50-Mile Radius of Pantex ............................4-229 Roads in the Vicinity of Pantex ..................................................................4-234 Location of SNL/NM..................................................................................4-240 Locations of the 15 Facilities at SNL/NM that Provided Radionuclide Release Inventories in 2004 ........................................................................4-246 Conceptual Diagram of the Underlying Groundwater System at SNL/NM..................................................................................................4-248 Regional Faults at SAFB ............................................................................4-252 Vegetation Types at SNL/NM ....................................................................4-253 Region of Influence for SNL/NM...............................................................4-258 Trends in Population for the SNL/NM ROI, 1990-2005 ............................4-260 Potentially Affected Counties Surrounding SNL/NM................................4-261 Minority Population – Census Tracts with More than 50 Percent Minority Population in a 50-Mile Radius of SNL/NM...............................4-263 Low-Income Population – Census Tracts with More than 50 Percent Low-Income Population in a 50-Mile Radius of SNL/NM ........................4-264 Major Roads at SNL/NM............................................................................4-270 Location of WSMR.....................................................................................4-274 Map of WSMR showing DTRA test beds ..................................................4-275 Land Use in the Vicinity of WSMR ...........................................................4-277 Tectonic Map of Southern New Mexico and Texas ...................................4-287 Major Vegetation Types on WSMR ...........................................................4-289 Springs near DTRA Test Beds on WSMR .................................................4-291 Region of Influence for WSMR..................................................................4-297 Trends in Population for the WSMR ROI, 1990-2005 ...............................4-298 Potentially Affected Counties Surrounding WSMR...................................4-300 Minority Population – Census Tracts with More than 50 Percent Minority Population in a 50-Mile Radius of WSMR..................................4-302 Low-Income Population – Census Tracts with More than 50 Percent Low-Income Population in a 50-Mile Radius of WSMR ...........................4-303 Roads in the Vicinity of WSMR.................................................................4-306 Location of SRS..........................................................................................4-309 Water Resources at SRS .............................................................................4-315 Region of Influence for SRS.......................................................................4-328 Trends in Population for the SRS ROI, 1990-2005 ....................................4-330 Potentially Affected Counties Surrounding SRS........................................4-331 Minority Population – Census Tracts with More than 50 Percent Minority Population in a 50-Mile Radius of SRS.......................................4-333 Low-Income Population – Census Tracts with More than 50 Percent Low-Income Population in a 50-Mile Radius of SRS ................................4-334 Roads in the Vicinity of the SRS ................................................................4-339 Location of the Y-12 Site............................................................................4-346 Y-12 Site Map.............................................................................................4-349 xiii Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Table of Contents Figure 4.9.9-1 Figure 4.9.9-2 Figure 4.9.10-1 Figure 4.9.10-2 Figure 4.9.10-3 Figure 4.9.12-1 Region of Influence for Y-12......................................................................4-367 Trends in Population for the Y-12 ROI, 1990-2005 ...................................4-369 Potentially Affected Counties Surrounding Y-12.......................................4-370 Minority Population – Census Tracts with More than 50 Percent Minority Population in a 50-Mile Radius of Y-12......................................4-372 Low-Income Population – Census Tracts with More than 50 Percent Low-Income Population in a 50-Mile Radius of Y-12 ...............................4-373 Roads in the Vicinity of ORR.....................................................................4-378 xiv Table of Contents Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 List of Tables CHAPTER 3 Table 3.2.1-1 Table 3.2.2-1 Table 3.2.3-1 Table 3.2.5-1 Table 3.2.6-1 Table 3.2.8-1 Table 3.2.9-1 Table 3.4-1 Table 3.4.1-1 Table 3.4.1-2 Table 3.4.1-3 Table 3.4.1-4 Table 3.4.1-5 Table 3.4.1-6 Table 3.4.1-7 Table 3.4.1-8 Table 3.4.1-9 Table 3.4.1-10 Table 3.4.2-1 Table 3.4.2-2 Table 3.4.3-1 Table 3.5-1 Table 3.5-2 Table 3.5-3 Table 3.5.1-1 Table 3.5.1-2 Table 3.5.1-3 Table 3.5.1-4 Table 3.5.1-5 Table 3.5.1-6 Table 3.5.1-7 Table 3.5.2-1 Table 3.6.1-1 Current Major Missions at LANL.................................................................. 3-7 Current Major Missions at LLNL .................................................................. 3-8 Current Major Missions at Nevada Test Site............................................... 3-10 Current Major Missions at Pantex ............................................................... 3-11 Current Major Missions at SNL................................................................... 3-12 Current Major Missions at Savannah River Site.......................................... 3-13 Current Major Missions at Y-12 .................................................................. 3-14 Land Requirements for CPC Alternatives ................................................... 3-22 Dimensions for the CPC .............................................................................. 3-25 CPC Construction Requirements ................................................................. 3-27 CPC Operations Annual Requirements ....................................................... 3-28 CPC Operations Annual Waste Volumes .................................................... 3-28 Origins, Destinations, and Material Shipped to Support the CPC............... 3-29 Phase-out of NNSA Plutonium Operations at LANL.................................. 3-30 Construction Requirements for the Los Alamos Upgrade Alternative........ 3-36 Los Alamos 50/80 Alternative Construction Requirements ........................ 3-38 Los Alamos 50/80 Alternative Annual Operating Requirements ................ 3-38 Los Alamos 50/80 Alternative Waste Volumes........................................... 3-38 UPF (based on a HEUMF) Construction Requirements and Estimated Waste Volumes ............................................................................................ 3-41 UPF Annual Operation Requirements and Estimated Waste Volumes ....... 3-42 Construction Data for Upgrading Existing Uranium Facilities........................................................................................ 3-43 Land Requirements to Operate a CNPC ...................................................... 3-45 Land Requirements to Operate a CNC ........................................................ 3-45 Land Requirements for CUC ....................................................................... 3-46 CUC Construction Requirements and Estimated Waste Volumes .............. 3-48 CUC Annual Operation Requirements and Estimated Waste Volumes ...... 3-49 Land Requirements for A/D/HE Center ...................................................... 3-50 A/D/HE Construction Requirements ........................................................... 3-51 A/D/HE Operation Requirements and Estimated Waste Volumes.............. 3-52 Origins, Destinations, and Material Shipped to Support the CNPC ........... 3-54 A/D/HE Center Construction Requirements at NTS ................................... 3-58 Alternative Configurations of the CNC ....................................................... 3-61 Annual Operation Requirements and Estimated Waste Volumes for the Reduced Operations Alternative at Pantex Compared to the No Action Alternative.................................................................................................... 3-64 Annual Operation Requirements and Estimated Waste Volumes for the Reduced Operations Alternative at Y-12 Compared to the No Action Alternative.................................................................................................... 3-65 Annual Operation Requirements and Waste Volumes for the Capability Based Operations Alternative at SRS Compared to Other Tritium Activity Levels........................................................................................................... 3-65 Table 3.6.1-2 Table 3.6.1-3 xv Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Table of Contents Table 3.7-1 Table 3.7-2 Table 3.7-3 Table 3.8-1 Table 3.12-1 Table 3.12-2 Table 3.12-3 Table 3.12-4 Table 3.16-1 Table 3.16-2 Table 3.16-3 Table 3.16-4 Table 3.16-5 Table 3.16-6 Table 3.16-7 Table 3.16-8 SNL/NM Shipping Phases ........................................................................... 3-73 Category I/II SNM at LLNL ........................................................................ 3-73 Construction Requirements for New Zone 12 Pit Storage Facility ............. 3-75 HE R&D Alternatives .................................................................................. 3-82 ETFs at LANL, LLNL, Sandia, and NTS.................................................. 3-111 ETF Closures for the NTS Consolidation Alternative............................... 3-114 ETF Closures for the SNL Consolidation Alternative............................... 3-115 ETF Closures for the SNL Consolidation Alternative............................... 3-116 Comparison of Environmental Impacts Among Programmatic Alternatives .............................................................................................. 3-142 Summary Comparison of SNM Consolidation: Transfer LLNL SNM to Other Sites .......................................................... 3-167 Summary Comparison of SNM Consolidation: Transfer SNM from Pantex Zone 4 to Zone 12 ......................................... 3-168 Summary Comparison of Tritium R&D Alternatives................................ 3-169 Summary Comparison of Major HE R&D Alternatives............................ 3-170 Summary Comparison of Flight Testing Alternatives ............................... 3-171 Summary Comparison of Major Hydrodynamic Test Facilities Alternatives ................................................................................................ 3-172 Summary Comparison of Major Environmental Test Facilities Alternatives ................................................................................................ 3-173 CHAPTER 4 Table 4.1.2-1 Table 4.1.3-1 Table 4.1.4-1 Table 4.1.4-2 Table 4.1.4-3 Table 4.1.4-4 Table 4.1.4-5 Table 4.1.5-1 Table 4.1.5-2 Table 4.1.6-1 Table 4.1.7-1 Table 4.1.9-1 Table 4.1.9-2 Table 4.1.9-3 Table 4.1.9-4 Table 4.1.10-1 Table 4.1.11-1 BLM Visual Resource Management Rating System ......................................4-8 LANL Site Infrastructure................................................................................4-9 Ambient Air Monitoring for Particulate Matter............................................4-14 Emissions of Criteria Pollutants....................................................................4-15 Operation Permit Emission Limits................................................................4-15 Annual Average Background Concentration of Radioactivity in the Regional Atmosphere....................................................................................4-17 Range of Annual Airborne Radioactive Emissions from Los Alamos National Laboratory Buildings with Sampled Stacks from 1999 through 2004 (curies)....................................................................................4-18 Selected Water Quality Data for Radioactive Liquid Waste Treatment Facility Effluent in 2005 ...............................................................................4-21 Surface Water and Sediment Contamination Affected by LANL Operations .....................................................................................................4-22 Summary of Movement on Faults of the Pajarito Fault System...................4-31 Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring at LANL ..............4-34 Labor Force Statistics for the ROI and New Mexico ...................................4-40 Income Information for the LANL ROI, 2004 .............................................4-40 Historic and Projected Population ................................................................4-40 Housing in the LANL ROI, 2000 .................................................................4-41 Demographic Profile of the Potentially Affected Counties Surrounding LANL, 2000.............................................................................4-43 Radiological Exposures of LANL Workers..................................................4-47 xvi Table of Contents Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Table 4.1.11-2 Table 4.1.12-1 Table 4.1.12-2 Table 4.1.12-3 Table 4.1.13-1 Table 4.2.3-1 Table 4.2.4-1 Table 4.2.5-1 Table 4.2.7-1 Table 4.2.9-1 Table 4.2.9-2 Table 4.2.9-3 Table 4.2.9-4 Table 4.2.10-1 Table 4.2.11-1 Table 4.2.11-2 Table 4.2.12-1 Table 4.2.12-2 Table 4.2.13-1 Table 4.2.13-2 Table 4.2.13-3 Table 4.2.13-4 Table 4.2.13-5 Table 4.2.13-6 Table 4.3.1-1 Table 4.3.2-1 Table 4.3.3-1 Table 4.3.4-1 Table 4.3.4-2 Table 4.3.9-1 Table 4.3.9-2 Table 4.3.9-3 Table 4.3.9-4 Highest Individual Doses to Los Alamos National Laboratory Workers (rem)...............................................................................................4-48 Los Alamos National Laboratory Main Access Points.................................4-49 Average Weekday Traffic Volume in the Vicinity of NM 502 and State Road 4 ..................................................................................................4-49 New Mexico Traffic Accidents in Los Alamos and Nearby Counties, 2005...............................................................................................................4-51 Los Alamos National Laboratory Waste Types and Generation ..................4-54 Baseline Characteristics for LLNL and SNL/CA .........................................4-61 Nonradioactive air emissions, Livermore Site and Site 300, 2006...............4-65 Drinking Water Maximum Contaminant Levels and Livermore SiteSpecific Threshold Comparison Guidelines for Radioactive Stormwater Constituents...............................................................................4-70 Species of Special Interest to Federal and State Resource Agencies Known to Occur at the Livermore Site and Site 300 ....................................4-89 Labor Force Statistics for the ROI and California ........................................4-98 Income Information for the LLNL and SLN/CA ROI, 2004........................4-98 Historic and Projected Population ................................................................4-98 Housing in the LLNL ROI............................................................................4-99 Demographic Profile of the Potentially Affected Area Surrounding LLNL and SNL/CA, 2000 ..........................................................................4-101 Calculated Radiation Doses to the General Public from Normal Operations at LLNL Main Site, 2005 (Committed Effective Dose Equivalent)..................................................................................................4-105 Calculated Radiation Doses to the General Public from Normal Operations at Site 300, 2005 (Committed Effective Dose Equivalent) ......4-106 Daily Traffic Volumes in the LLNL and SNL/CA Vicinity.......................4-109 Three-Year Accident Rates for Roads Adjacent to the Livermore Site, Site 300, and SNL/CA (1999 through 2001) ..............................................4-111 Livermore Site Waste Management Facilities and Capacities ...................4-113 Routine Hazardous and Radioactive Waste at LLNL, FY 2004–2006.......4-116 Hazardous Waste Generated from 1996 through 2000 (in kg) ...................4-117 Routine Nonhazardous Waste in FY 2006, Livermore Site and Site 300 .......................................................................................................4-117 Nonroutine Nonhazardous Waste in FY 2006, Livermore Site and Site 300 .......................................................................................................4-118 Total Nonhazardous Waste Sent to Landfills in 2006 ................................4-120 NTS Land Use Zones..................................................................................4-122 BLM Visual Resource Management Rating System ..................................4-125 Baseline Characteristics for NTS................................................................4-125 NTS Nonradiological Annual Air Emissions .............................................4-128 Radiological atmospheric releases from NTS for 2005..............................4-129 Labor Force Statistics for ROI and Nevada................................................4-151 Income Information for the NTS ROI, 2004 ..............................................4-151 Historic and Projected Population ..............................................................4-151 Housing in the NTS ROI, 2000...................................................................4-152 xvii Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Table of Contents Table 4.3.10-1 Table 4.3.11-1 Table 4.3.11-2 Table 4.3.12-1 Table 4.3.12-2 Table 4.3.13-1 Table 4.4.2-1 Table 4.4.3-1 Table 4.4.5-1 Table 4.4.7-1 Table 4.4.7-2 Table 4.4.9-1 Table 4.4.9-2 Table 4.4.9-3 Table 4.4.9-4 Table 4.4.10-1 Table 4.4.13-1 Table 4.4.13-2 Table 4.4.13-3 Table 4.4.13-4 Table 4.5.2-1 Table 4.5.3-1 Table 4.5.4-2 Table 4.5.5-1 Table 4.5.5-2 Table 4.5.5-3 Table 4.5.7-1 Table 4.5.9-1 Table 4.5.9-2 Table 4.5.9-3 Table 4.5.9-4 Table 4.5.10-1 Table 4.5.11-1 Table 4.5.11-2 Table 4.5.12-1 Demographic Profile of the Potentially Affected Counties Surrounding NTS, 2000 ..............................................................................4-154 Estimated Radiological Dose to the General Public from NTS Operations, 2006 .........................................................................................4-158 Radiation Doses to Workers from Normal NTS Operations in 2005 (Total Effective Dose Equivalent) ..............................................................4-158 Traffic Volume at the Main Access Road to NTS......................................4-159 Nevada Traffic Accidents in Clark and Nearby Counties, 2002 ................4-159 Annual Routine Waste Amounts ................................................................4-161 BLM Visual Resource Management Rating System ..................................4-167 Baseline Characteristics for TTR................................................................4-168 Water Rights Status for Hydrographic Basins at the TTR..........................4-171 Specific Plants and Characteristics of Basic Vegetation Types at TTR .....4-178 Federal and State Listed Species Occurring within Nye County and Having the Potential to Occur at TTR ........................................................4-179 Labor Force Statistics for ROI and Nevada................................................4-183 Income Information for the TTR ROI, 2004 ..............................................4-183 Historic and Projected Population ..............................................................4-183 Housing in the TTR ROI.............................................................................4-184 Demographic Profile of the Potentially Affected Area Surrounding TTR, 2000 ...................................................................................................4-186 TTR RCRA Regulated Hazardous Waste Shipped Off-site, 2005 .............4-192 Non-RCRA Regulated Hazardous or Toxic Waste Shipped off-site, 2005 ...............................................................................................4-193 Recycled Regulated Hazardous or Toxic Waste Shipped Off-site, 2005.............................................................................................................4-193 Waste Capacities at TTR, 2005 ..................................................................4-193 BLM Visual Resource Management Rating System ..................................4-199 Baseline Characteristics for Pantex ............................................................4-199 Average Pantex Radiological Atmospheric Emissions in Curies ...............4-202 Annual Stormwater Results (metals), 2005 (mg/l) .....................................4-206 Groundwater Monitoring Results from the Perched Aquifer System.........4-211 Groundwater Monitoring Results from the Ogallala Aquifer System ........4-212 Rare or Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring at Pantex..........................................................................................................4-219 Labor Force Statistics for ROI and Texas...................................................4-223 Income Information for the Pantex ROI, 2004 ...........................................4-224 Historic and Projected Population ..............................................................4-224 Housing in the Pantex ROI, 2000 ...............................................................4-225 Demographic Profile of the Potentially Affected Area Surrounding Pantex, 2000................................................................................................4-227 Radiation Doses to the Public from Normal Pantex Operations in 2004 (Total Effective Dose Equivalent) .....................................................4-231 Radiation Doses to Workers from Normal Pantex Operations in 2005 (Total Effective Dose Equivalent) .....................................................4-231 Texas Traffic Accidents in Nearby Counties, 2001....................................4-233 xviii Table of Contents Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Table 4.5.13-1 Table 4.6.3-1 Table 4.6.4-1 Table 4.6.4-2 Table 4.6.4-3 Table 4.6.4-5 Table 4.6.7-1 Table 4.6.8-1 Table 4.6.9-1 Table 4.6.9-2 Table 4.6.9-3 Table 4.6.9-4 Table 4.6.10-1 Table 4.6.11–1 Table 4.6.11-2 Table 4.6.11-3 Table 4.6.12-1 Table 4.6.12-2 Table 4.6.13-1 Table 4.7.2-1 Table 4.7.7-1 Table 4.7.9-1 Table 4.7.9-2 Table 4.7.9-3 Table 4.7.9-4 Table 4.7.10-1 Table 4.8.3-1 Table 4.8.4-1 Table 4.8.4-2 Table 4.8.5-1 Table 4.8.7.-1 Table 4.8.9-1 Table 4.8.9-2 Table 4.8.9-3 Table 4.8.9-4 Table 4.8.10-1 Waste Volumes Generated at Pantex (yd3) ................................................4-237 Baseline Characteristics for SNL/NM and KAFB Site...............................4-242 Average Annual Wind Speed, Temperature, and Precipitation Minimum and Maximum Values for SNL/NM ..........................................4-243 Criteria Pollutant Results as Compared to Regulatory Standards, 2005 ....4-244 Summary of Radionuclide Releases from the 15 NESHAP Sources in 2004 ........................................................................................................4-245 Peak Attenuated Noise Levels (in decibels [dBA]) Expected from Operation of Construction Equipment ........................................................4-247 Threatened and Endangered Species Potentially Occurring at KAFB .......4-254 Known Prehistoric and Historic Archaeological Sites by Land Owner .....4-256 Labor Force Statistics for ROI and New Mexico .......................................4-259 Income Information for the SNL/NM ROI, 2004.......................................4-259 Historic and Projected Population ..............................................................4-259 Housing in the SNL/NM ROI, 2000 ...........................................................4-260 Demographic Profile of the Potentially Affected Area Surrounding SNL/NM, 2000 ...........................................................................................4-262 Radiological Dose Reporting, 2005............................................................4-266 Average, Maximally Exposed Individual (MEI) and Collective Radiation-Badged Worker Doses ...............................................................4-267 Comparison of Nonfatal Injury/Illness and Lost Work Day Case Rates ....4-267 Daily Gate Traffic Estimates for SNL/NM Activities at KAFB.................4-268 New Mexico Traffic Accidents in Bernalillo and Nearby Counties, 2005 ............................................................................................4-269 Waste Generated and Shipped By the HWMF in 2005 ..............................4-272 BLM Visual Resource Management Rating System ..................................4-279 Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring at WSMR............4-292 Labor Force Statistics for ROI and New Mexico .......................................4-297 Income Information for the WSMR ROI, 2004..........................................4-298 Historic and Projected Population ..............................................................4-298 Housing in the WSMR ROI, 2000..............................................................4-299 Demographic Profile of the Potentially Affected Area Surrounding WSMR, 2000 ..............................................................................................4-300 SRS Site Infrastructure Characteristics.......................................................4-310 2004 Criteria Pollutant Air Emissions ........................................................4-312 National Ambient Air Quality Standards and 2005 Background Ambient Air Concentration.........................................................................4-313 Surface Water Quality at SRS.....................................................................4-318 Listed Federal- and State-Threatened and Endangered Species that Occur or May Occur at the SRS, South Carolina .......................................4-325 Labor Force Statistics for ROI, South Carolina, and Georgia ....................4-328 Income Information for the SRS ROI, 2004...............................................4-329 Historic and Projected Population ..............................................................4-329 Housing in the SRS ROI, 2000 ...................................................................4-330 Population in Potentially Affected Counties Surrounding SRS, 2000 .......4-332 xix Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Table of Contents Table 4.8.11-1 Table 4.8.11-2 Table 4.8.13-1 Table 4.8.13-2 Table 4.9.2-1 Table 4.9.3-1 Table 4.9.4-1 Radiation Doses to the Public from Normal SRS Operations in 2004 (Total Effective Dose Equivalent) ..............................................................4-336 Radiation Doses to Workers from Normal SRS Operations in 2005 (Total Effective Dose Equivalent) ..............................................................4-337 Annual Routine Waste Generation from SRS Operations (m3) .................4-342 Waste Management Facilities at SRS .........................................................4-343 BLM Visual Resource Management Rating System ..................................4-348 Baseline Characteristics for Y-12 Site........................................................4-350 Comparison of Baseline Ambient Air Concentrations with Most Stringent Applicable Regulations and Guidelines at Y-12/Oak Ridge Reservation .................................................................................................4-353 Surface Water Surveillance Measurements Exceeding Tennessee Water Quality Criteria at Y-12, 2004 .........................................................4-356 Federal and State Listed Species Potentially Occurring at the ORRa .........4-362 Vascular Plant Species Listed by State or Federal Agencies, 2005............4-363 Labor Force Statistics for ROI and Tennessee ...........................................4-367 Income Information for the Y-12 ROI, 2004..............................................4-368 Historic and Projected Population ..............................................................4-368 Housing in the Y-12 ROI, 2000..................................................................4-369 Demographic Profile of the Potentially Affected Area Surrounding TTR, 2000 ...................................................................................................4-371 Calculated Radiation Doses to Maximally Exposed Individuals from Airborne Releases during 2004.......................................4-375 Calculated Collective Effective Dose Equivalents from Airborne Releases during 2004 ..................................................................................4-375 Potential Radiological Impacts to the Public Resulting from Normal Operations at Y-12......................................................................................4-376 Y-12 Radiological Worker Annual Individual and Collective Radiation Doses ..........................................................................................4-376 Existing Average Daily Traffic Counts on the ORR Serving Y-12............4-377 Waste Generation Totals by Waste Type for Routine Operations at Y-12 ........................................................................................................4-379 Waste Management PEIS Records of Decision Affecting Oak Ridge Reservation and Y-12 .................................................................................4-380 Table 4.9.5-1 Table 4.9.7-1 Table 4.9.7-2 Table 4.9.9-1 Table 4.9.9-2 Table 4.9.9-3 Table 4.9.9-4 Table 4.9.10-1 Table 4.9.11-1 Table 4.9.11-2 Table 4.9.11-3 Table 4.9.11-4 Table 4.9.12-1 Table 4.9.13-1 Table 4.9.13-2 xx Table of Contents Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS A/D A/D/HE AC and MC ACE ACHP ACRR AEC AFB AF&F ALARA ALCM ALOHA AQCR ARF ASER ATEC BA BAAQMD BACMs BEA BEEF BEIR Bison-m BLM BLS BMAP BMPs BNM CA CAA CAIRS CAMU CASSC CAUs CD-0 CEQ CERCLA CFF CFR CGTO CHS CIF Assembly/Disassembly Assembly/Disassembly/High Explosives Analytical Chemistry and Materials Characterization Altamont Commuter Express Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Annular Core Research Reactor Atomic Energy Commission Air Force Base Arming, Fuzing, and Firing as low as reasonably achievable Air-Launch Cruise Missile Aerial Location of Hazardous Atmospheres Air Quality Control Region airborne release fraction annual site environmental report U.S. Army Test Evaluation Command Biological Assessment Bay Area Air Quality Management District Best Available Control Measures Bureau of Economic Analysis Big Explosives Experimental Facility Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation Biota Information System of New Mexico Bureau of Land Management Bureau of Labor Statistics Biological Monitoring and Abatement Program Best Management Practices Bandelier National Monument Composite Analysis Clean Air Act Computerized Accident/Incident Reporting System corretive action management unit California Species of Special Concern Corrective Action Units critical decision on mission need Council on Environmental Quality Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act Contained Firing Facility Code of Federal Regulations Consolidated Group of Tribes and Organizations Center for Homeland Security Consolidated Incineration Facility xxi Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Table of Contents CMR CMRR CNC CNPC CNPS Complex Complex Transformation SPEIS COPCs CPC CRT CSAs CUC CWA CWL CY D&D DA DAF DARHT dB dBA DAF DCE DCGs DHHS DHS DoD DOE DOI DOT DP DPE DR DTC DTRA DTSC DU DWPF DWTF DX EA ECF EDE EE EFPC Chemistry and Metallurgy Research Chemistry and Metallurgy Research Building Replacement Project Consolidated Nuclear Center Consolidated Nuclear Production Center California Native Plant Society nuclear weapons complex Complex Transformation Supplemental Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement contaminants of potential concern Consolidated Plutonium Center Cargo Restraint Transporter Canned Subassemblies Consolidated Uranium Center Clean Water Act chemical waste landfill calendar year Decontamination and Decommissioning design agency Device Assembly Facility Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test decibel A-weighted decibels Device Assembly Facility Distributed Centers of Excellence Derived Concentration Guidelines U.S. Department of Health and Human Services U.S. Department of Homeland Security U.S. Department of Defense U.S. Department of Energy U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Department of Transportation Defense Programs data processing equipment damage ratio Developmental Test Command Defense Threat Reduction Agency Department of Toxic Substances Control Depleted Uranium Defense Waste Processing Facility Decontamination and Waste Treatment Facility Dynamic Experimentation Environmental Assessment Entry Control Facility effective dose equivalent Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy East Fork Poplar Creek xxii Table of Contents Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 EH EIS EM EMAC EOA EODU EOL EOS EPA ER ERPG ESL ETB ETF ETTP EU EWTF FBI FE FGZ FLAME FM FMD FONSI FPPA FTE FWHM FXR GCD GIF GPD GPS GSA GTS GWPP HAN HANDSS-55 HANMF HAPs HE HEAF HEPA HETB HEU HEUMF HEWTF Office of Environment, Safety and Health Environmental Impact Statement Environmental Management Ecological Monitoring and Compliance Program expanded operations alternative Explosive Ordinance Disposal Unit End-of-Life Equation of state U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Restoration Emergency Response Planning Guideline Effects Screening Level Engineering Test Bay Environmental Test Facility East Tennessee Technology Park enriched uranium Explosives Waste Treatment Facility Federal Bureau of Investigation facilities engineering fine-grain zone Fire Laboratory for Accreditation of Models and Experiments Farm-to-Market Road Fissile Materials Disposition Finding of No Significant Impact Farmland Protection Policy Act Full Time Employee Full Width at Half Maximum Flash X-Ray Greater Confinement Disposal Gamma Irradiation Facility gallons per day Global Positioning System General Services Area Gas Transfer System groundwater protection program hydroxylamine nitrate “handling and segregation system for 55-gallon drums” H-Area New Manufacturing Facility Hazardous Air Pollutant High Explosives High Explosives Application Facility high-efficiency particulate air Hardened Engineering Test Building Highly Enriched Uranium Highly Enriched Uranium Materials Facility High Explosives Wastewater Treatment Facility xxiii Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Table of Contents HI HLW HPS HQ HR HSC HTM HVAC HWDU HWMF HWSU HWTPF HYDEC I ICD-9-CM ICRP IFF IH INEEL INRAD IOM IPT ISCORS ISCST ISD ISM ISMS ITRD IWQPs JTA KAFB KCP KCRIMS KTF LAC LANL LANL SWEIS LANSCE LB/TS LCF LDRGIF LLNL LLW Hazard Index high level radioactive waste Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Hazard Quotient Human Resources Hazardous Materials Spill Center High-Tech Mobile heating, ventilating, and air conditioning Hazardous waste disposal units hazardous waste management facility Hazardous Waste Storage Unit Hazardous Waste Treatment and Processing Facility hydride/dehydride casting Interstate Highway International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification International Commission on Radiological Protection Identification, Friend or Foe Industrial Hygiene Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory intrinsic radiation Institution of Medicine Integrated Project Team Interagency Steering Committee on Radiation Standards Industrial Source Complex Short Term Independent School District Integrated Safety Management Integrated Safety Management System Innovative Treatment Remediation Demonstration Inland Water Quality Parameters Joint Test Assemblies Kirtland Air Force Base Kansas City Plant Kansas City Responsive Infrastructure Manufacturing and Sourcing Kauai Test Facility Los Alamos County Los Alamos National Laboratory Site-Wide Environmental Impact Statement for the Continued Operation of the Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos Neutron Science Center Large Blast Thermal Simulator latent cancer fatality Low Dose Rate Gamma Irradiation Facility Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory low level waste xxiv Table of Contents Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 LOS LPF M&O MACCS MACCS2 MACs MAR MBTA MC&A MCL MDC MDL MEI MEK MLLW MOX MPF MPF EIS mrem MRTFB MSGP MVAs MVM MWDU NAAQS NAFB NC NCRP NDA NDEP NE NECI NEP NEPA NESHAP NEST NGPF NHP NHPA NMAAQS NMAQCR NMED NMWQCC NN NNSA NOAA Level of Service leak path factor Management and Operations MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System Version 2 maximum allowable concentrations material at risk Migratory Bird Treaty Act Material Control and Accountability maximum contaminant level maximum detectable concentration maximum detection limit maximally exposed individual methyl ethyl ketone mixed low level waste Mixed Oxide Modern Pit Facility Modern Pit Facility Environmental Impact Statement millirem Major Range and Test Facility Base Multi-Sector General Permit motor vehicle accidents million vehicle miles Mixed Waste Disposal Unit National Ambient Air Quality Standards Nellis Air Force Base numerically controlled National Council on Radiation Protection Measurements nondestructive assay Nevada Division of Environmental Protection Office of Nuclear Energy Northeast Center Impact Area Nuclear Explosive Package National Environmental Policy Act National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Nuclear Emergency Search Team Neutron Generator Production National Hydrotesting Program National Historic Preservation Act New Mexico Ambient Air Quality Standards New Mexico Air Quality Control Regulations New Mexico Environment Department New Mexico Water Quality Control Commission Nonproliferation and National Security National Nuclear Security Administration National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration xxv Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Table of Contents NOI NPDES NPL NPR NPS NPT NPTEC NRCS NRHP NSO NSTec NTS NTTR NWS NWSM NWSP OB/OD OEPG ORNL ORPS ORR OSHA OST OUs PA PAAA Pantex PCBs pCi/L PDCF PF-4 PHERMEX PHETS PIDAS PIXY PMDA POLs PPE ppy PQL PSD PSRs Pu PUREX QASPR R&D Notice of Intent National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System National Priorities List Nuclear Posture Review National Park Service Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty Nonproliferation Test and Evaluation Complex Natural Resources Conservation Service National Register of Historic Places Nevada Site Office National Security Technologies Nevada Test Site Nevada Test and Training Range National Weather Service Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Memorandum Nuclear Weapons Stockpile Plan Open Burn/Open Detonation Office of Environmental Policy and Guidance Oak Ridge National Laboratory Occurrence Reporting and Processing System Oak Ridge Reservation Occupational Safety and Health Administration Office of Secure Transportation operable units Performance Assessment Price-Anderson Amendments Act Pantex Plant polychlorinated biphenyls picocuries per liter Pit Disassembly and Conversion Facility Plutonium Facility, Building 4 Pulsed High Energy Radiation Machine Emitting X-Rays Permanent High Explosive Test Site Perimeter Intrusion Detection and Assessment System Pulse Intense X-Ray Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement petroleum, oils, lubricants personal protective equipment pits per year practical quantitation limit Prevention of Significant Deterioration Potential release sites Plutonium Plutonium-Uranium Extraction Process Qualification Alternatives to Sandia Pulsed Reactor Research and Development xxvi Table of Contents Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 RANT RCRA rem REOP RF RFI RIMSII RLWTF RMWMF ROD ROGs/POCs ROI RRF RRW RWMC RWMS S.C. SAAQS SASN SCDHEC SEAB SEIS SFNF SGT SHIST SHPO SJVUAPCD SMR SNF SNL SNL/NM SNL/CA SNM SPEIS SRARP SREL SRS SS&C SSM SSM PEIS SSO SSP SST STP STS Radioassay and Nondestructive Testing Resource Conservation and Recovery Act roentgen equivalent man Real Estate Operating Permit respirable fraction RCRA facility investigation Regional Input-Output Modeling System Radioactive Liquid Waste Treatment Facility Radioactive and Mixed Waste Management Facilities Record of Decision reactive organic gases/precursor organic compounds Region of Influence respirable release fraction Reliable Replacement Warhead Radioactive Waste Management Complex Radioactive Waste Management Site South Carolina State Highway State Ambient Air Quality Standards Silver acetylide-silver nitrate South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control Secretary of Energy Advisory Board Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement Santa Fe National Forest Safeguards Transporters Seismic Hardrock in Site Test State Historic Preservation Office San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District standardized mortality rate Spent nuclear fuel Sandia National Laboratories Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico Sandia National Laboratories/California Special nuclear material Supplemental Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement Savannah River Archaeological Research Program Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Savannah River Site sand, slag and crucible Stockpile Stewardship and Management Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Stockpile Stewardship and Management Sandia Site Office Stockpile Stewardship Program Safe Secure Trailers Site Treatment Plan Stock-to-Target Sequence xxvii Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Table of Contents SVOC SWEIS SWSC SWTF T&E TA TA-55 TBF TBP TCEQ TCP TECC TEDE TEF TLD TNRCC TPCB TPDES TRAGIS Trinity NHL TRU TRUPACT-II TSCA TSD TSP TSPI TTR TVA UC UPF US USACE USAF USC USFS USFWS USGS USPHS UXO VOC VPP WAC WCRRF WEF WETF WFO Semi-volatile organic compound Site-Wide Environmental Impact Statement Sanitary Wastewater Systems Consolidation Solid Waste Transfer Facility Threatened and Endangered Technical Area Technical Area 55 Terminal Ballistics Facility tributyl phosphate Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Traditional Cultural Property Transportation and Emergency Control Center Total Effective Dose Equivalent Tritium Extraction Facility Thermoluminescent dosimeter Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission Transurance Pad Cover Building Texas Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Transportation Routing Analysis Geographic Information System Trinity Site National Historic Landmark transuranic Transuranic Package Transporter Toxic Substance Control Act Transportation Safequards Division total suspended particulates Time Space Positioning Information Tonopah Test Range Tennessee Valley Authority University of California Uranium Processing Facility United States United States Army Corps of Engineers United States Air Force United States Code United States Forest Service United States Fish and Wildlife Service United States Geologic Survey United States Public Health Service unexploded ordnance volatile organic compound Voluntary Protection Program Waste Acceptance Criteria Waste Compaction, Reduction, and Repackaging Facility Waste Examination Facility Weapons Engineering Tritium Facility Work for Others xxviii Table of Contents Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 WIPP WSMR WSRC WTG WVDP WVDP Waste EIS WWTF XTF Y-12 Waste Isolation Pilot Plant White Sands Missile Range Westinghouse Savannah River Company Weapons Test Group West Valley Demonstration Project West Valley Demonstration Project Waste Management EIS Wastewater Treatment Facility Cross-wind Fire Facility Y-12 National Security Complex xxix Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Table of Contents CHEMICALS AND UNITS OF MEASURE Bq C Ci cm CFC CO dB dBA DCE DNA F ft ft2 ft3 ft3/s g gal ha hr in kg km km2 kV kVA kW kWh L lb m m2 m3 m/s mg mg/L MGD Becquerel Celsius curie centimeters chlorofluorocarbons carbon monoxide decibel decibel A-weighted 1, 2-dichloroethylene deoxyribonucleic acid Fahrenheit feet square feet cubic feet cubic feet per second grams gallons hectares hour inches kilograms kilometers square kilometers kilovolts kilovolt-ampere kilowatts kilowatt hours liters pounds meters square meters cubic meters meters per second milligram (one-thousandth of a gram) milligrams per liter million gallons per day xxx Table of Contents Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 MGY mi mi2 mph mrem MVA MW MWe MWh NO2 NOX O3 Pb PCB pCi pCi/L PM10 ppb ppm ppbv rem s SO2 T t TCA TCE yd3 yr µCi µCi/g µg µg/kg µg/L µg/m3 million gallons per year miles square miles miles per hour millirem (one-thousandth of a rem) megavolt-ampere megawatt megawatt electric megawatt hour nitrogen dioxide nitrogen oxides ozone lead polychlorinated biphenyl picocurie (one-trillionth of a curie) picocuries per liter particulate matter (less than 10 microns in diameter) parts per billion parts per million parts per billion by volume roentgen equivalent man seconds sulfur dioxide short ton metric tons 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane trichloroethylene cubic yards year microcurie (one-millionth of a curie) microcuries per gram microgram (one-millionth of a gram) micrograms per kilogram micrograms per liter micrograms per cubic meter xxxi Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 Table of Contents CONVERSION CHART To Convert Into Metric Multiply By To Convert Into English Multiply By If You Know Length inch feet feet yard mile Area square inch square feet square yard acre square mile Volume fluid ounce gallon cubic feet cubic yard Weight ounce pound short ton To Get If You Know To Get 2.54 30.48 0.3048 0.9144 1.60934 centimeter centimeter meter meter kilometer centimeter centimeter meter meter kilometer 0.3937 0.0328 3.281 1.0936 0.62414 inch feet feet yard mile 6.4516 0.092903 0.8361 0.40469 2.58999 square centimeter square meter square meter hectare square kilometer square centimeter square meter square meter hectare square kilometer 0.155 10.7639 1.196 2.471 0.3861 square inch square feet square yard acre square mile 29.574 3.7854 0.028317 0.76455 milliliter liter cubic meter cubic meter milliliter liter cubic meter cubic meter 0.0338 0.26417 35.315 1.308 fluid ounce gallon cubic feet cubic yard 28.3495 0.45360 0.90718 gram kilogram metric ton gram kilogram metric ton 0.03527 2.2046 1.1023 ounce pound short ton Force dyne Temperature Fahrenheit 0.00001 newton newton 100,000 dyne Subtract 32 then multiply by 5/9ths Celsius Celsius Multiply by 9/5ths, then add 32 Fahrenheit xxxii Table of Contents Draft Complex Transformation SPEIS December 2007 METRIC PREFIXES Prefix exapetateragigamegakilohectodekadecicentimillimicronanopicofemtoattoSymbol E P T G M k h da d c m µ n p f a Multiplication Factor 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 1 000 000 1 000 l00 l0 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.000 001 0.000 000 001 0.000 000 000 001 0.000 000 000 000 001 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1018 1015 1012 109 106 103 102 101 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12 10-15 10-18 xxxiii