Dangerous_goods

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dangerous goods Dangerous goods countries may use different class diamonds for the same product for example, in Australia Anhydrous Ammonia UN 1005 is classed 2.3 Toxic Gas with sub risk 8 Corrosive, where as in the U.S.A it is classed 2.2 Non Flammable Gas not acknowlegding its toxicity or corrosive properties. Persons who handle dangerous goods will often wear protective equipment, and metropolitan fire departments often have a response team specifically trained to deal with accidents and spills. Persons who may come into contact with dangerous goods as part of their work are also often subject to monitoring or health surveillance to ensure that their exposure does not exceed occupational exposure limits. Laws and regulations on the use and handling of hazardous materials may differ depending on the activity and status of the material. For example one set of requirements may apply to their use in the workplace while a different requirements may apply to spill response, sale for consumer use, or transportation. Most countries regulate some aspect of hazardous materials. The most widely applied regulatory scheme is that for the transportation of dangerous goods. The United Nations Economic and Social Council issues the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, which form the basis for most regional and national regulatory schemes. For instance, the International Civil Aviation Organization has developed regulations for air transport of hazardous materials that are based upon the UN Model but modified to accommodate unique aspects of air transport. Individual airline and governmental requirements are incorporated with this by the International Air Transport Association to produce the widely used IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations. Similarly, the International Maritime Organization has developed the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code ("IMDG Code", part of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea) for transportation on the high seas, and the Intergovernmental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail has developed the An Emergency Medical Technician team training as rescue (grey suits) and decontamination (green suits) responders to hazardous material and toxic contamination situations. A dangerous good is any solid, liquid, or gas that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment. They are often subject to chemical regulations. A nearly equivalent term, used almost exclusively in the United States, is hazardous material (hazmat or HAZMAT), or hazardous chemical (hazchem). Dangerous goods include materials that are radioactive, flammable, explosive or corrosive, oxidizers or asphyxiants, biohazardous, toxic, pathogen or allergen substances and organisms, but also physical condititions as compressed gases and liquids or hot materia, including all goods containing such materials or chemicals, or may have other characteristics that render it hazardous in specific circumstances. The colours of each diamond in a way has reference to its hazard ie: Flammable = red, Explosive = orange because mixing red (flammable) with yellow (oxidising agent) creates orange. Non Flammable Non Toxic Gas = green, due to all compressed air vessels being this colour in France after World War II, France being where the diamond system originated. Mitigating the risks associated with hazardous materials may require the application of safety precautions during their transport, use, storage and disposal. Most countries regulate hazardous materials by law, and they are subject to several international treaties as well. In saying that, different 1 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Regulations concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail ("RID", part of the Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail). Many individual nations have also structured their dangerous goods transportation regulations to harmonize with the UN Model in organization as well as in specific requirements. Dangerous goods are divided into classes on the basis of the specific chemical characteristics producing the risk. Note: The graphics and text in this article representing the dangerous goods safety marks are derived from the United Nationsbased system of identifying dangerous goods. Not all countries use precisely the same graphics (label, placard and/or text information) in their national regulations. Some use graphic symbols, but without English wording or with similar wording in their national language. Refer to the Dangerous Goods Transportation Regulations of the country of interest. For example, see the Dangerous Goods Safety Marks in the Canadian Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations. The statement above applies equally to all the Dangerous Goods classes discussed in this article. Free Hazchem Guide from The UK National Chemical Emergency Centre (NCEC) Dangerous goods The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) r transportation within the territory of the US. 1.1 — Explosives with a mass explosion hazard. (nitr 1.2 — Explosives with a blast/projection hazard. 1.3 — Explosives with a minor blast hazard. (rocket fireworks) 1.4 — Explosives with a major fire hazard. (consume ammunition) 1.5 — Blasting agents. 1.6 — Extremely insensitive explosives. Hazardous Materials Class 1: Explosives Hazardous Materials Class 1.1: Explosives Mass Explosion Hazard Hazardous Materials Class 1.3: Explosives Minor Blast Hazard Hazardous Materials Class 1.4: Explosives Major Fire Hazard Hazardous Materials Class 1.6: Explosives Bla Bla Classification and labeling summary tables Class 1: Explosives Extremely Insensitive Explosives Information on this graphic changes depending on which, "Division" of explosive is shipped. Explosive Dangerous Goods have compatibility group letters as- Class 2: Gases signed to facilitate segregation during transport.Gases whichused compressed,A The letters are range from liquefied or dissolved unde to S excluding the letters I, M, O, P, Q and R. The example above shows an exbelow. Some gases have subsidiary risk classes; poisonou plosive with a compatibility group "A" (shown as 1.1A). : Gases which ignite on contact with an ignition so • 2.1 The actual letter shown would depend on the specific properties of the substance being transported. acetylene and hydrogen. For example, the Canadian Transportation of Dangerous Gases which are neither flammable nor poisonou • 2.2 : Goods Regulations provides a description of compatibility groups. cryogenic gases/liquids (temperatures of below -100°C • 1.1 Explosives with a mass explosion hazard cryopreservation and rocket fuels, such as nitrogen an • Ex: TNT, dynamite, nitroglycerine. • 2.3 : Gases liable to cause death or serious injury to h • 1.2 Explosives with a severe projection hazard. inhaled; examples are fluorine, chlorine, and hydroge • 1.3 Explosives with a fire, blast or projection hazard but not a mass Hazardous Hazardous explosion hazard. Materials Materials • 1.4 Minor fire or projection hazard (includes ammunition and most consumer fireworks). Class 2.1: • 1.5 An insensitive substance with a mass explosion hazard (explosion Flammable similar to 1.1) Gas • 1.6 Extremely insensitive articles. Class 2.2: Nonflammable Gas 2 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dangerous goods Hazardous Materials Class 2.2: Oxygen (Alternate Placard) Hazardous Materials Class 2.3: Inhalation Hazard (Alternate Placard) Hazardous Materials Class 5.1: Oxidizing Agent Hazardous Materials Class 5.2: Organic Peroxide Oxidizing Agent 5.1 Oxidizing agents Class 3: Flammable Liquids other than organic per- 5.2 Organic peroxides, Flammable liquids included in Class 3 are included in one of the following either in liquid or solid oxides (calcium hypopacking groups: chlorite, ammonium ni- form (benzoyl peroxides, • Packing Group I, if they have an initial boilingtrate, hydrogen perox- an point of 35°C or less at cumene hydroperoxide). absolute pressure of 101.3 kPa and any flash point, such as diethyl ether or ide, potassium carbon disulfide; permanganate). • Packing Group II, if they have an initial boiling point greater than 35°C at Class 6: as an absolute pressure of 101.3 kPa and a flash point less than 23°C, such Toxic and Infectious Substa gasoline (petrol) and acetone; or Hazardous Hazardous • Packing Group III, if the criteria for inclusion in Packing Group I or II are Materials Materials not met, such as kerosene and diesel. Class 6.1: Class 6.2: Note: For further details, check the Dangerous Goods Transportation RegulaPoison Biohazard tions of the country of interest. • 6.1a Toxic • 6.2 Biohazardous Hazardous Hazardous Hazardous substances; the World substances which Materials Materials Materials Health Organization are liable to cause (WHO) divides this Class 3: Class 3: Com- death or serious Class 3: Fuel injury to human (Alternate class into two Flammable bustible (AlOil health if inhaled, categories: : Infectious; Liquids ternate Placard) swallowed or by skin and Category B: Placard) absorption Samples (virus Hazardous (potassium cyanide, cultures, pathology Materials mercuric chloride). specimens, used • 6.1b (Now PGIII) intravenous needles). Class 3: Toxic substances Gasoline (Alwhich are harmful to ternate human health (N.B Placard) this symbol is no Class 4: Flammable Solids longer authorized by the United Nations) Hazardous Hazardous Hazardous (pesticides, Materials Materials Materials methylene chloride). Class 4.1: Class 4.2: Class 4.3: Class 7: Radioactive Cla Flammable Spontaneously Dangerous Class 8: Corrosive Substances Substances Solids Combustible when Wet Solids Hazardous Hazardous 4.1 Flammable Solids: Solid substances that are easily ignited and readily combustible (nitrocellulose, magnesium, safety or strike-anywhere matches). Materials Materials 4.3 Dangerous when 4.2 Spontaneously Com- Wet: Solid substances Class 7: Class 8: bustible: Solid subthat emit a flammable gas Radioactive Corrosive stances that ignite sponwhen wet or react violtaneously (aluminium alently with water (sodium, Radioactive substances Corrosive substances are kyls, white phosphorus). calcium, potassium, calcicomprise substances or substances that can disum carbide). a combination of subsolve organic tissue or stances which emit ion- severely corrode certain izing radiation metals: Class 5: Oxidizing Agents and Organic Peroxides (uranium, plutonium). • : sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid Haz tha oth (asb ors raft 3 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dangerous goods Other hazardous materials labels (CHIP) Hazardous Materials Canada. Hazard classifications are based • : potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide upon the UN Model. The province of Nova Scotia’s dangerous goods transportation act can be viewed at: [1] The province of Nova Scotia’s dangerous goods transportation regulations can can be viewed at: [2] Hazardous federal government’s Transport DanHazardous The Materials Materials gerous Goods website is located at: [3] Hazard Hazard Symbol: Symbol: E/Explosive F/Flammable The European Union has passed numerous directives and regulations to avoid the disHazardous Hazardous Hazardous semination and restrict the usage of hazardMaterials Materials Materials ous substances, the most famous being the Hazard SymHazard Hazard Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directbol: N/EnvironSymbol: Symbol: ive and the REACH regulation. There are also mental Hazard O/Oxidizing T/Toxic long standing European treaties such as ADR and RID that regulate the transportation of Hazardous hazardous materials by road, rail, river and Materials inland waterways, following the guide of the Hazard SymUN Model Regulation. bol: European law distinguishes clearly Xn/Harmful; between the law of dangerous goods and the Xi/Irritant law of hazardous materials. The first refers primarily to the transport of the respective goods including the interim storage, if caused by the transport. The latter describes Australia uses the standard international UN the requirements of storage (including warenumbers with a few slightly different signs on housing) and usage of hazardous materials. the back, front and sides of vehicles carrying This distinction is important, because differhazardous substances. The country uses the ent directives and orders of european law are same "HAZCHEM" as the UK HAZCHEM applied. Code to provide advisory information to In the UK, if you are involved in dangeremergency services personnel in the event of ous goods, you should be aware of the Danan emergency situation. gerous Goods Emergency Action Code (EAC) List. The Dangerous Goods Emergency Action Code (EAC) List is reviewed every two years Transportation of dangerous goods (hazardand is an essential compliance document for ous materials) in Canada by road is normally all emergency services, local government and a provincial jurisdiction. The federal governfor those who may control the planning for, ment has jurisdiction over air, most marine, and prevention of, emergencies involving and most rail transport. The federal governdangerous goods. The printed version of the ment acting centrally created the federal book can be purchased from TSO directly transportation of dangerous goods act and (ISBN: 9780113413263) or downloaded as a regulations, which provinces adopted in free PDF file from NCEC’s website. Downwhole or in part via provincial transportation load EAC List 2009 of dangerous goods legislation. The result is that all provinces use the federal regulations as their standard within their province; some small variances can exist because of provincial legislation. Creation of the federal reguDue to the increased threat of terrorism in lations was coordinated by Transport the early 21st century, particularly after the Hazard Symbol: C/Corrosive Europe Australia Canada United States 4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dangerous goods only require placarding in certain circumstances. Trailers of goods in transport are usually marked with a four digit UN (United Nations) number. This number can be referenced by first responders (Firefighters, Police Officers, and ambulance personnel) who can find information about the material in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Fixed facilities A picture of the U.S. DOT classes in use. September 11, 2001 attacks, funding for greater HAZMAT-handling capabilities was increased throughout the United States, in recognition of the fact that flammable, poisonous, explosive, or radioactive substances in particular could make attractive weapons for terrorist attacks. The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) regulates hazmat transportation within the territory of the US. The regulations are found in 49 CFR (Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations). The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates the handling of hazardous materials in the workplace as well as response to hazardous materialsrelated incidents, most notably through HAZWOPER (HAZardous Waste OPerations and Emergency Response) regulations found at 29 CFR 1910.120. The Environmental Protection Agency regulates hazardous materials as they may impact the community and environment, including specific regulations for environmental cleanup and for handling and disposal of waste hazardous materials. The Consumer Product Safety Commission regulates hazardous materials that may be used in products sold for household and other consumer uses. Different standards usually apply for handling and marking HAZMATs at fixed facilities, including NFPA 704 diamond markings (a consensus standard often adopted by local governmental jurisdictions), OSHA regulations requiring chemical safety information for employees, and CPSC requirements requiring informative labeling for the public, as well as wearing Hazmat suits when handling hazardous materials. Packing groups Packing groups are used for the purpose of determining the degree of protective packaging required for Dangerous Goods during transportation. • Group I: great danger, and most protective packaging required • Group II: medium danger • Group III: least danger among regulated goods, and least protective packaging within the transportation requirements Transport documents One of the transport regulations is that, as an assistance during emergency situations, written instructions how to deal in such need to be carried and easily accesible in the driver’s cabin. See also • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) • Area classification • Biological hazard • Chemical hazard • Dangerous Goods Safety Advisor • Directive 67/548/EEC • Globally Harmonized System • Hazard symbol • Hazchem • Hazardous Materials Transportation Act Hazard classes for materials in transport Following the UN Model, the DOT divides regulated hazardous materials into nine classes, some of which are further divided into divisions. Hazardous materials in transportation must be placarded and have specified packaging and labelling. Some materials must always be placarded, others may 5 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia • List of Extremely Hazardous Substances • List of UN Numbers • National Chemical Emergency Centre (UK) • Packaging • Packing Group • CLP Regulation Dangerous goods • Classification of Dangerous Goods Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia • Australian "Dangerous Goods" and "Hazard Class" diamonds • Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations - Transport Canada • Hazardous Materials Regulations - U.S. Department of Transportation • US DOT 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook • United States Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 49 • United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) CFR 29, 1910.120 • Downloadable Hazmat Placards • Placarding and Segregation U.S.A • California Specialized Training Institute (CSTI) • Article detailing the importance of degradation vs permeation when looking at Hazmat protection equipment. • The Hazmat 101 Web(tm) • “Dangerous Goods-HazMat Group”, a Yahoo-hosted, members-only Australianbased global discussion group for dangerous goods and hazardous materials storage and handling issues. • Fill out a hazmat bill of lading on line. Begin by selecting or typing the Identification number • The Council on Safe Transportation of Hazardous Articles • The International Vessel Operators Hazardous Materials Association (VOHMA) Additional reading • Shipper’s Guide to Loading and Securement of Hazardous Materials/ Dangerous Goods in Intermodal Equipment-Highway, Rail and Water, October 1999, Institute of Packaging Professionals • ASTM D4919-03 Standard Specification for Testing of Hazardous Materials Packagings External links • Hazchem Guide from The National Chemical Emergency Centre (NCEC) • Download EAC List 2009 • NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards • United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (Model Regulations) • UNECE - Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) • Dangerous Goods Advisory Council (DGAC) • Dangerous Substances, European Agency for Safety and Health at Work Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangerous_goods" Categories: Safety, Hazardous materials, Chemical safety This page was last modified on 21 May 2009, at 11:10 (UTC). 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