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1
Access to professional and academic
information in the UK
A survey of SMEs, large companies, universities & colleges,
hospitals & medical schools, governmental & research institutes
Companion report
August 2009
Selected results from this survey form the basis of the PRC report on “Access by
UK small and medium sized enterprises to professional and academic information”
produced on behalf of the PRC by Mark Ware Consulting Ltd.
This companion report provides a fuller analysis of the results of the survey which was carried out in collaboration with
Mark Ware Consulting Ltd with technical support and assistance provided by Elsevier’s research team
Mark Ware Consulting Ltd
2
Contents
Page
Highlights…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3
Sample and methodology………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
Breakdown of subgroups (sectors) covered in study……………………………………………………. 5
Ease of access to information across sectors………………………………………………………………. 6
Factors and barriers affecting success of an organisation, importance versus ease of access
to information
(split by sector)
SMEs………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14
Large companies……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19
University/ College respondents…………………………………………………………………………. 24
Hospital/ Medical School + Non-governmental Public Health…………………………………. 29
Research Institute + Governmental……………………………………………………………………. 34
Supporting data………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 39
Demographics…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 46
3
Highlights
• In June 2009, over 1000 UK research users responded to a survey about their access to
and use of professional and academic information (including research articles published
in journals, about which more detailed feedback was obtained).
• Information was generally ranked as a relatively important success factor for each
sector, ranging from 4th out of 16 for governmental & research institutes to 9th out of 14
for large companies.
• Asked to pick which factors were a barrier to success, access to information was ranked
13th out of 16 for universities/colleges, 9th out of 15 for hospitals & medical schools, and
4th out of 15 for SMEs.
• Of all information types covered in the survey, original research articles in journals were
consistently ranked amongst the most important across all sectors.
• Original research articles in journals were seen as easy to access by 85% of those who
rated information as important. This ranged from 94% for universities/colleges and 78%
for hospitals & medical schools to 71% for SMEs.
• Two-thirds of the respondents indicated that access to research articles had become
easier over the last 5 years. Access had improved most for university & college
respondents (75% agreed) followed by hospitals & medical schools (71%),
governmental & research institutes (70%), large companies (62%) and SMEs (60%).
• The proportion of respondents who had recently had difficulty getting access to at least
one research article ranged from 24% (universities & colleges) to 55% (SMEs).
However, the study estimated that this only represented 4-10% (lower estimate) or 10-
20% (higher estimate) of all articles read in 12 months.
• Of those who said that they had recently experienced problems accessing an article, the
main reported difficulty was the requirement for payment, followed by technical
problems associated with online payment, and problems associated with finding the
article online or in the library.
4
Sample & Methodology
• Survey conducted online using Confirmit software, 4th – 29th June 2009
• Completed responses: 1130 (4% response rate)
• Sample obtained from three sources:
– Authors of scientific articles (including commercial, medical and academic authors)
– PPV; those who had used ‘Pay per View’ to access content via a publisher’s site)
– Subscribers to trade/professional publications provided by list brokers
Note: Convenience sample used; whilst providing valuable insights into the information usage patterns within
the UK across different sectors, responses from some groups (e.g. members of the public) are not sufficiently
large to be representative. The sampling was designed to get reasonable responses across a number of key
sectors (e.g. Large Companies, SMEs, Universities and Colleges, Hospitals and Medical Schools) where access
to professional & academic information was likely to be of importance
• Interview structure:
– Introduction
– Factors and barriers affecting the success of an organisation
– Access to information:
• Importance of access to information
• Levels of access to different types of information
• Which type of information respondents would most like to see improved
• Frequency of accessing different types of information
– Access to journal articles
• Frequency of accessing research articles in journals
• Current access level
• Access compared to 5 years ago
• Whether difficulty encountered in accessing journal articles
• Number of articles which have been difficult and nature of difficulty
– Demographics
• Number of employees/students/beds in organisation/institute.
• Specialisation, area and role
• Age and country
5
Breakdown of subgroups Throughout this report results are analysed
within six subgroups or sectors. Subgroups
are created as a function of two key questions:
Q1. Which of the following describes your MAIN affiliation?
(Industrial or commercial respondents only)
TOTAL n=1130 Q22. Approximately, how many employees are there in your organis ation?
TOTAL n=297
Corporate
Industrial or
n=297 26%
Commercial
Subgroup Less than 25 n=98 33%
Subgroup
University/ College
University or SMEs
n=470 42% respondents
College 25- 49 n=33 11%
n=470 n=186
Hospital or 50 -249 n=55 19%
n=171 15%
Medical School Subgroup
Hospital/ Pub. 250 – 499 n=23 8%
Non Governmental Health
n=8 1%
Public Health n=179 500 – 999 n=15 5%
Subgroup
Non corporate
Large companies
Research Institute n=65 5% 1000 – 4999 n=26 9%
Subgroup n=111
Research/ Gov’t
5000+ n=47 16%
n=121
Governmental n=56 5%
Member of the n=25 2%
public* Subgroup
Other
n=63
Other* n=38 5%
* Respondents self -classifying as a member of the public or ‘other’, emerged through later questioning mainly as single person
consultants/professionals, some retired academics or from the voluntary sector. Although analysed separately here, this many
in this group are not dissimilar to the SME group
6
Ease of access to information
across sectors
7
Ease of access to various information types across sectors
Q8b. Of the various information types which you consider important, how would you describe your level of access to them?
(response option: Very Easy, Fairly Easy, Fairly Difficult, VeryDifficult)
Base: Factors considered important
% Very easy + Fairly University/ Hosp/Med Scl + Research
SMEs Large company College Non Gv Pub Hth Inst + Gov’t Other
easy to access
Original research articles in
journals
71% 82% 94% 78% 85% 69%
Review papers in journals 75% 85% 94% 83% 91% 79%
Reference works 71% 74% 86% 76% 85% 86%
Ordered by overall importance across all sectors
Conference proceedings 64% 67% 62% 58% 68% 71%
Technical info 78% 83% 75% 62% 76% 73%
Professional/ Trade publications 87% 88% 71% 71% 81% 72%
Technical reports 79% 70% 78% 71% 84% 74%
Scientific and technical standards 74% 86% 70% 55% 80% 76%
Doctoral theses/ dissertations 33% * 61% 28% 48% *
Patent information 74% 75% 73% 78% 70% *
Legislative /Regulatory info 75% 78% 66% 55% 79% 85%
Clinical guidelines 83% * 81% 92% * *
CME/ Educational content 73% 75% 81% 83% * *
Patient details 81% * * Base of
* * * 48% * importance
too small to
Market research reports 48% 55% 40% 46% 56% * report level
of ease of
access
Vendor white papers 76% 68% 70% 60% * *
0% 100% %
0 1 0 0 %0 % 100% 0 % 100%0 % 1 0 0 %0 % 100%
8
Information types to which respondents would like to improve access
Q8d. If you could improve access for one of the below information types which ONE would you
choose? * NB. Low Base size
Base: Factors considered important, and where access is perceived as difficult.
University/ Hosp/Med Scl + Research
SMEs Large company College Non Gv Pub Hth Inst + Gov’t Other*
n=132 n=70 n=290 n=130 n=73 n=44
Market research reports 17% 16% 7% 6% 11% 7%
Journal research articles 16% 10% 8% 18% 11% 16%
Conference proceedings 10% 16% 22% 15% 12% 9%
Reference works 8% 7% 6% 4% 7% 2%
Patent information 8% 6% 3% 2% 5% 5%
Review papers in journals 8% 6% 1% 6% 0% 5%
Technical information 8% 6% 5% 8% 5% 14%
Doctoral theses/ dissertations 6% 3% 21% 9% 11% 16%
Technical reports from gov agencies 5% 11% 4% 4% 5% 7%
Scientific and technical standards 5% 10% 6% 4% 5% 2%
Legislative /Regulatory information 4% 3% 2% 7% 5% 5%
Professional/ Trade publications 2% 1% 5% 2% 8% 7%
Amongst
university/
For large 12% 8%
Patient details 2% Amongst SMEs, 3% 8% college 0%
companies the respondents
market research
most popular
reports and the most Jounal research
choices are Mixed views
Vendor white papers 1% journal research 0% 1% popular 0% articles, 1% amongst 0%
conference
articles are choices are conference
proceedings research
amongst the most conference proceedings and
and market institutes +
Clinical guidelines 1% popular choices for 0% 1% proceedings 2% patient details are 1% 2%
research government
improved access and doctoral most popular
reports respondents
theses/ choices
CME/Educational content 1% 3% 1% dissertations 2% 1% 5%
0% 50% 0% 50% 0 % 5 00 %
% 50%%
0 5 0 %0 % 50%
Ease of journal access across sectors
9
(where access to research articles is considered important)
Q8b. And of the various information types which you consider important, how would you describe your level of access to them?
Base: Those who * NB. Low Base
consider access to % of each sector rating access to original research articles in journals size
original research ‘Very easy’ or ‘Fairly easy’
articles in journals
important n=134 n=74 n=458 n=166 n=99 n=42*
100 93.9
• SMEs use journal
82.4 84.8
78.3 articles more often
than larger
70.9 69.0 corporations
Ease of access
• Over two thirds of
SME respondents
have ‘easy’ access
to journal articles.
0
SMEs Large company University/ Hosp/Med scl + Research Inst + Other
College Non-Gv Pub Hlth Gov't
Q9. How often do you access information that you require via the following channels?
Frequency of reading journal articles
Base: Total for each
n=186 n=111 n=470 n=179 n=121 n=63
group
Several times
43% 30% 72% 65% 58% 34%
per week
Weekly to
43% 57% 27% 35% 34% 45%
Monthly
Less often 14% 13% 1% 1% 8% 21%
Ave # of journal
articles read per year, 112 101 169 162 121 110
either print or online
10
Journal access compared to 5 years ago
Q12. How does your current level of access to research articles compared with 5 years ago?
Base: Those reading journal articles
MORE DIFFICULT About EASIER
the same
% More difficult % Easier
SMEs 60%
20% 7% 13% 20% 29% 31%
(n=176)
• Majority of
respondents felt that
journal access has
Large
become easier in
companies 20% 6% 14% 19% 24% 38% 62%
(n=101)
the last 5 years
• Access seems to
have improved most
University/ for University/
College 10% 2% 8% 16% 24% 50% 74% College
(n=454) respondents, with
only 10% of sample
Hosp/ Med scl perceiving a
+ Non Gov Pub. deterioration in
15% 5%10% 14% 24% 47% 71% access .
Health
(n=177)
Research Inst +
Gov’t 10% 3% 7% 20% 19% 51% 70%
(n=116)
A lot easier
Other
(n=57)
12% 9%4% 21% 25% 42% 67% A little easier
A little more difficult
100% 50% 0% 0% 50% 100% A lot more difficult
MORE DIFFICULT EASIER
11
What proportion of respondents have had difficulties
accessing an article within the last 12 months?
Q13a. You indicated that your access to journal articles Q14. Have you paid to access an individual
Q11. How would you describe your current level of
was either variable or poor. Have you had difficulty research article within the last year?
access to research articles?
accessing the full text of a research article recently? Base: All those who have not had difficulty accessing
Base: Those who read research articles in journals, n=1121
Base: All those who indicated their current level of access to the full text of a research article recently, n=96
research articles was variable or poor, n=491
Base size too low to report at subgroup level
Current Access Level % of % of
Base Subgroup
% of
% of Base
100% Subgroup Have they Paid
paid for 2% 23%
n=22
Poor
access?
8% Difficulty No Not paid
Variable with 9% 20% n=74
7% 77%
or poor 44% n=96
Access
access Quantifying the Access Difficulty
Variable
Yes
35% 80% The level of difficulty was quantified by taking the
34% n=395 number of articles stated as being difficult to access,
Note: Figures as a proportion of all articles read by all respondents.
shown relate to Overall, 8% of articles were difficult to access*.
total sample. Page 11 shows how access difficulty varies by sector.
Amongst Page 12 quantifies the access difficulty within each
subgroups, these sector
figures vary * Assumes that those who have excellent or good access or those who said they had
no difficulties had zero difficulty accessing articles they needed in the past 12 months
100% 3% 3% 3% 4%
4%
8% 5% 10%
Good
Excellent 14% 13%
22% V. Poor
or good 56%
28%
access
37% Poor
46% 37%
53%
56% Variable
55%
Good
55%
39% 45% Excellent
32%
Excel.
26%
10% 17%
7% 7% 8%
0% 0%
SMEs Large Uni/ College Hosp+ Pub Research Inst + Other
Companies Health Gov
12
Reasons articles were difficult to access
Q15. In relation to the last article you had difficulty accessing, why was it difficult?
Note: Question was asked only of those who reported experiencing difficulty with accessing a journal article.
University/ Hospital/ Public Research Inst. +
SMEs Large companies College Health Gov’t Other
(n=186) (n=111) (n=470) (n=179) (n=121) (n=63)
Unsure how to find the article 3% 4% 0% 0% 1% 2%
Searched online but could not
find the article
8% 6% 2% 3% 3% 13%
Could not remember the exact
name of the author and/or title of 2% 3% 0% 1% 1% 2%
the article
Could not find the article in the
library (library did not have a 3% 4% 5% 5% 7% 6%
physical copy)
Tried to access the article from
home, but discovered I could 2% 3% 1% 5% 2% 2%
only access it from work
Found the article online, but had
to pay to access the full article
45% 24% 20% 40% 21% 32%
Found the article online, had to
pay for it, but had technical 10% 5% 1% 4% 4% 6%
difficulties paying
0% 50% 0% 50% 0% 50% 0% 50% 0% 50% 0% 50%
Proportion of each group
having difficulty accessing
at least one article within 55% 34% 24% 46% 26% 40%
the last 12 months
NOTE: The figures in the charts above show reasons for difficulty accessing at least one article in the last 12 months as a proportion of
all respondents in the sector – however, this does not give an idea of the scale of the difficulty. The next page (p11) quantifies this in
terms of number of articles difficult to access as a proportion of articles read in the sector
Reasons articles are difficult to access as a proportion
13
of total articles read per annum
Q15. In relation to the last article you had difficulty accessing, why was it difficult?
Q13b. Approximately how many articles have you had difficulty accessing in the last 12 months?
Note: Question was asked only of those who reported experiencing difficulty with accessing a journal article.
University/ Hospital/ Public Research Inst. +
SMEs Large companies College Health Gov’t Other
(n=186) (n=111) (n=470) (n=179) (n=121) (n=63)
Unsure how to find the article 1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
1%
Searched online but could not find the 2%
1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
article
Could not remember the exact name
0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
of the author and/or title of the article
Could not find the article in the library
0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
(library did not have a physical copy)
Tried to access the article from
home, but discovered I could only 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0%
access it from work
Found the article online, but had to
8% 4% 6% 8% 4% 5%
pay to access the full article
Found the article online, had to pay
for it, but had technical difficulties 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
paying
0% 50%0% 50%0% 50% 0% 50% 0% 50% 0% 50%
Ave no of articles read per annum per
112 101 169 162 121 110
user
Ave no of articles difficult to access per
11 6.4 12.4 15.3 5.4 6.7
annum for average user
% of articles with access difficulty
10% 6% 7% 9% 4% 6%
as proportion of readings
This analysis assumes that those who have excellent or good access or those who said they had no difficulties had zero difficulty accessing to all
of articles they needed in the past 12 months. If instead of zero, one assumes that those with good or excellent access had half the difficultly of
those who state poor or variable access, then the % of articles with access difficulty would range from 10% to 20%
14
SMEs
15
Success factors: SMEs (all)
Q2. Many factors are important when considering the success of an organisation. Please rate Q3. And, of these factors which three are currently the biggest barriers to success at
the factors below in terms of their importance for the success of your company. your organisation? Base: All SME respondents ranking factors (n=186)
Base: SME respondents (n=186)
Importance Barriers
Staff 6.4 Lack of new customers 0.63
Product quality 6.4 Attracting staff 0.34
Leadership 6.0 Too much bureaucracy 0.30
Customer loyalty 5.9
Access to information 0.28
Attracting new customers 5.9
Leadership 0.21
Attracting staff 5.9
Technology/ Software/ Comms 0.18
Information 5.7
Information Product range 0.18 Information
Technology/ Software/ Comms 5.4 ranked 7th out of ranked 4th out of
14, in terms of Product quality 0.15 13, in terms of
Training 5.1 perceived being perceived
importance to the as a barrier to
Staff 0.12
Quality of equipment 5.1 success of the success
organisation
Lack of loyal customers 0.11
Product range 5.1
Quality of equipment 0.10
Min bureaucracy 5.1
Access to academic expertise 4.3 Training 0.09
Access to expertise/ consultancy
Access to commercial expertise 4.0 0.05
network
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0.9
Not at all Extremely Low High
16
Success factors: SMEs who consider original research or review a rticles
important
Q2. Many factors are important when considering the success of an organisation. Please rate the Q3. And, of these factors which three are currently the biggest barriers to success at your
factors below in terms of their importance for the success of your company. Base: SME respondents organisation? Base: All SME respondents ranking factors and considering original research or review
considering original research or review articles important (5,6 or 7 on scale) (n=148) articles important (n=148)
Importance Barriers
Staff 6.4 Lack of new customers 0.58
Product quality 6.3 Attracting staff 0.33
Attracting staff 6.0 Too much bureaucracy 0.33
Leadership 5.9 Access to information 0.32
Customer loyalty 5.9
Technology/ Software/ Comms 0.22
Information 5.9
Quality of leadership 0.20
Attracting new customers 5.9 Information Information
Product range 0.18 ranked 4th out of
ranked 6th out of
Technology/ Software/ Comms 5.5 14, in terms of 13, in terms of
perceived Product quality 0.15 being perceived
Min bureaucracy 5.2 importance to the as a barrier to
success of the Quality of staff 0.14 success
Training 5.2 organisation
Quality of equipment 0.13
Quality of equipment 5.1
Training 0.09
Product range 5.0
Lack of loyal customers 0.08
Access to academic expertise 4.4
Access to expertise/ consultancy
Access to commercial expertise 4.1 0.06
network
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0.9
Not at all Extremely Low High
17
Success factors: SMEs (all)
Q2. Many factors are important when considering the success of an organisation. Please rate the factors below in terms of their importance for
the success of your company. Base: All SME respondents (n=186)
Q3. And, of these factors which three are currently the biggest barriers to success at your organisation?
Base: All SME respondents ranking factors. (n=186)
Importance vs. Barriers
High Barrier
0.7 Ability to attract new
customers
0.6
Relative barrier to success**
0.5
0.4
Attracting staff
Min bureaucracy
0.3 Information
Leadership
Product range
0.2
Technology/ Software/
Comms Product quality
Equipment Staff
0.1
Access to commerical Access to university Training Customer loyalty
expertise expertise
Low Barrier
0
3 4 5 6 7
Low Average importance to success of organisation (rating scale, 1-7) High
Importance Importance
** Index number plotted is the product of average rank position and proportion of base selecting factor .
18
Information access: SMEs (all)
Q8. When it comes to information, how important is it that you have access to the types of information listed below?.
Base: All SME respondents (n=186)
Q8b. And of the various information types which you consider important, how would you describe your level of access to them?
Base: All SME respondents rating factors as important. (n=186)
Information types: Importance vs. Ease of access
90 Professional/Trade pubs
Clinical guidelines
Technical reports from
gov't
80 Technical info
Vendor white papers Legislative /Regulatory
info Review papers in journals
CME/Educational content Original research articles
in journals
70 Scientific/ tech stds
(% Very + Fairly easy)
Ease of access*
Patent information
Reference works
Conference proceedings
60
50
Market research reports
Patient details
40
Doctoral theses/
dissertations
30
2 3 4 5 6
Low High
Importance Average importance to success of organisation (rating scale, 1-7) Importance
* Level of access only asked for those factors rated as important
19
Large companies
20
Success factors: Large companies (All)
Q2. Many factors are important when considering the success of an organisation. Please rate Q3. And, of these factors which three are currently the biggest barriers to success at your
the factors below in terms of their importance for the success of your company. organisation? Base: All large company respondents ranking factors. (n=111)
Base: Large company respondents (n=111 )
Importance Barriers
Quality of staff 6.4 Too much bureaucracy 0.51
Product quality 6.4 Quality of leadership 0.49
Attracting quality staff 6.1 Lack of new customers 0.38
Quality of leadership 6.1
Attracting quality staff 0.31
Customer loyalty 5.8
Technology/ Software/ Comms 0.24
Attracting new customers 5.8
Product quality 0.23
Information
Training 5.7 Information
ranked 9th out of
Quality of staff 0.17 ranked 10th out of
14, in terms of
Technology/ Software/ Comms 5.7 13, in terms of
perceived
Product range 0.17 being perceived
importance to the
Information 5.6 as a barrier to
success of the
success
organisation Training 0.13
Product range 5.4
Access to information 0.09
Quality of equipment 5.4
Quality of equipment 0.08
Minimal bureaucracy 5.0
Access to academic expertise 4.3 Lack of loyal customers 0.05
Access to expertise/ consultancy
Access to commercial expertise 4.3 network
0.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0.9
Not at all Extremely Low High
21
Success factors: Large companies considering original research or
review articles important
Q2. Many factors are important when considering the success of an organisation. Please rate the Q3. And, of these factors which three are currently the biggest barriers to success at your
factors below in terms of their importance for the success of your company. Base: Large company organisation? Base: Large company respondents ranking factors and considering original research or
respondents considering original research or review articles imp ortant (n=86) review articles important (n=86)
Importance Barriers
Staff 6.5 Leadership 0.56
Product quality 6.4 Too much bureaucracy 0.53
Attracting staff 6.2 Lack of new customers 0.37
Leadership 6.1
Attracting staff 0.31
Customer loyalty 5.8
Technology/ Software/ Comms 0.22
Attracting new customers 5.8
Product quality 0.20
Information 5.7
Information Staff 0.16
Information
ranked 7th out of ranked 9th out of
Technology/ Software/ Comms 5.7
14, in terms of 13, in terms of
Training 0.13
perceived being perceived
Training 5.7
importance to the as a barrier to
success of the Access to information 0.12 success
Product range 5.4
organisation
Product range 0.12
Equipment 5.4
Quality of equipment 0.09
Min bureaucracy 5.0
Access to academic expertise 4.5 Lack of loyal customers 0.02
Access to expertise/ consultancy
Access to commercial expertise 4.4 0.02
network
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0.9
Not at all Extremely Low High
22
Success factors: Large companies (All)
Q2. Many factors are important when considering the success of an organisation. Please rate the factors below in terms of their importance for
the success of your company. Base: All large company respondents (n=111)
Q3. And, of these factors which three are currently the biggest barriers to success at your organisation?
Base: All large company respondents ranking factors. (n=111)
Importance vs. Barriers
High Barrier
0.7
0.6
Relative barrier to success**
Min bureaucracy
0.5 Leadership
Ability to attract new
customers
0.4
0.3 Attracting staff
Technology/ Software/
Comms
Product quality
0.2 Product range
Staff
Training
0.1 Equipment Information
Access to commerical Access to university
Low Barrier expertise expertise Customer loyalty
0
3 4 5 6 7
Low Average importance to success of organisation (rating scale, 1-7) High
Importance Importance
** Index number plotted is the product of average rank position and proportion of base selecting factor .
23
Information access: Large companies (All)
Q8. When it comes to information, how important is it that you have access to the types of information listed below?.
Base: All large company respondents (n=111)
Q8b. And of the various information types which you consider important, how would you describe your level of access to them?
Base: All large company respondents rating factors as important. (n=111)
Information types: Importance vs. Ease of access
90
Professional/Trade pubs Scientific/ tech stds
Review papers in journals
Original research articles
Technical info
in journals
80 Patient details Legislative /Regulatory
Clinical guidelines
Patent information info
CME/Educational content Reference works
Technical reports from
70
(% Very + Fairly easy)
Vendor white papers
gov't
Ease of access*
Conference proceedings
60
Market research reports
Doctoral theses/
dissertations
50
40
30
2 3 4 5 6
Low High
Importance Average importance to success of organisation (rating scale, 1-7) Importance
* Level of access only asked for those factors rated as important
24
University/ College respondents
25
Success factors & barriers: University/ College respondents (All)
Q4. Many factors are important when considering the success of an organisation. Please rate Q5. And, of these factors which three are currently the biggest barriers to success at
the factors below in terms of their importance for the success of your institute. your institute? Base: All university or college respondents ranking factors. (n=470)
Base: All university or college respondents (n=470)
Importance Barriers
Quality of staff 6.5 Funding 0.81
Funding 6.4 Time to conduct research 0.65
Time to conduct research 6.4 Too much bureaucracy 0.39
Attracting quality staff 6.3 Quality of leadership 0.21
Information
Information
ranked 5th out Seed funding for new ideas 0.16
Information 6.3 ranked 13th out of
of 15, in terms
16, in terms of
of perceived Attracting quality staff 0.12
Autonomy to set research direction 6.0 being perceived
importance to
Staff 0.12 as a barrier to
the success of
Quality of leadership 5.9 success
institute
Support for proposals 0.11
Quality of equipment 5.7
Quality of equipment 0.09
Seed funding for new ideas 5.6
Autonomy to set research direction 0.06
Minimal bureaucracy 5.5
Technology/ Software/ Comms 0.06
Technology/ Software/ Comms 5.5
Sufficient number of students 0.06
Support for proposals 5.3
Access to information 0.06
Sufficient number of students 5.3 Access to expertise/ consultancy 0.03
Training 5.1 Training 0.03
Clear legal and ethical frameworks 4.8 Unclear legal and ethical frameworks 0.03
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0.9
Not at all Extremely Low High
Success factors: University/College respondents who consider 26
original research or review articles important
Q4. Many factors are important when considering the success of an organisation. Please rate the Q5. And, of these factors which three are currently the biggest barriers to success at your
factors below in terms of their importance for the success of your institute. Base: University/College institute? Base: University/ College respondents ranking factors and considering original research or
respondents considering original research or review articles imp ortant (5,6 or 7 on scale) (n=465) review articles important (n=465)
Importance Barriers
Staff 6.5 Funding 0.80
Funding 6.4 Time to conduct research 0.65
Too much bureaucracy 0.39
Time to conduct research 6.4
Leadership 0.20
Attracting staff 6.4
Seed funding for new ideas 0.20
Information 6.3
Information 0.12 Information
Attracting staff
Autonomy to set research direction 6.0 ranked 5th out of ranked 13th out of
15, in terms of Staff 0.12 16, in terms of
Leadership 5.9 perceived
0.11
being perceived
importance to the Support for proposals
as a barrier to
Equipment 5.7
success of the 0.09 success
Equipment
institute
Seed funding for new ideas 5.6
Autonomy to set research direction 0.06
Min bureaucracy 5.6
Technology/ Software/ Comms 0.06
Technology/ Software/ Comms 5.5
Sufficient number of students 0.06
Support for proposals 5.3 0.06
Access to information
Sufficient number of students 5.3 Unclear legal and ethical frameworks 0.03
Training 5.1 Access to expertise/ consultancy 0.03
Clear legal and ethical frameworks 4.9 Training 0.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0.9
Not at all Extremely Low High
27
Success factors: University/College respondents (All)
Q4. Many factors are important when considering the success of an organisation. Please rate the factors below in terms of their importance for the
success of your institute. Base: All university or college respondents (n=470)
Q5. And, of these factors which three are currently the biggest barriers to success at your institute?
Base: All university or college respondents ranking factors. (n=470) Information is one
of the most
important success
Importance vs. Barriers factors but one of
High Barrier the lowest barriers
0.7
Time to conduct
research
0.6
Relative barrier to success**
0.5
Min bureaucracy
0.4
0.3
Leadership
0.2
Support for writing and Seed funding Attracting staff
costing proposals
Equipment Staff
0.1 Student numbers
Training Information
Clear legal and ethical
Low Barrier Technology/ Software/ Autonomy to set
0 frameworks
Comms research direction
4 5 6 7
Low High
Importance Average importance to success of organisation (rating scale, 1-7) Importance
** Index number plotted is the product of average rank position and proportion of base selecting factor .
28
Information access: University/College respondents (All)
Q8. When it comes to information, how important is it that you have access to the types of information listed below?
Base: All university or college respondents (n=470)
Q8b. And of the various information types which you consider important, how would you describe your level of access to them?
Base: All university or college respondents rating factors as important (n=470)
Research articles are
the most important,
Information types: Importance vs. Ease of access and one of the easiest
to access.
100 Original research articles
in journals
Review papers in journals
90
Reference works
Clinical guidelines CME/Educational content
80 Technical reports from
gov't
(% Very + Fairly easy)
Technical info
Ease of access*
Patent information
Vendor white papers Professional/Trade pubs
70
Scientific/ tech stds
Legislative /Regulatory
info
Conference proceedings
Doctoral theses/
60 dissertations
50 Patient details
40 Market research reports
30
2 3 4 5 6 7
Low High
Importance Average importance to success of organisation (rating scale, 1-7) Importance
* Level of access only asked for those factors rated as important
29
Hospital/ Medical School +
Non-governmental Public Health
30
Success factors & barriers: Hospitals + Public Health
Q2/6. Many factors are important when considering the success of an organisation. Please Q3/7. And, of these factors which three are currently the biggest barriers to success at
rate the factors below in terms of their importance for the success of your hospital/ your hospital/ organisation? Base: Hospital + Public Health respondents ranking factors (n=179)
organisation. Base: Hospital + Public Health respondents (n=179)
Importance Barriers
Quality of staff 6.6 Too much bureaucracy 0.68
Attracting quality staff 6.4 Funding* 0.60
Quality of leadership 6.4 Quality of leadership 0.42
Funding* 6.3 Bed capacity* 0.20
Well maintained hospital* 6.3
Attracting quality staff 0.19
Quality of staff 0.17
Training 6.3
Technology/ Software/ Comms 0.13
Quality of equipment 6.0
Training 0.09 Information
Technology/ Software/ Comms 5.9
ranked 10th out of
Poorly maintained hospital* 0.07
Information 5.9 16, in terms of
Access to information 0.07 being perceived
Patient information* 5.9 as a barrier to
Sufficient operating theatres* 0.07 success
Sufficient operating theatres* 5.9
Access to latest drug therapies* 0.06
Minimal bureaucracy 5.9
Equipment 0.05
Clear legal and ethical frameworks 5.8
Unclear legal /ethical frameworks* 0.04
Bed capacity* 5.7
Unavailable patient info* 0.03
Access to latest drug therapies* 5.4
Access to expertise/ consultancy 0.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 0.9
Not at all Extremely Low High
Information ranked 9th out of 15, in terms of perceived * Only asked for Hospital/ Medical School, n=171
importance to the success of organisation Base size for Public Health too small to list separately, n=8
Success factors & barriers: Hospitals + Public Health who
31
consider original research or review articles important
Q2/6. Many factors are important when considering the success of an organisation. Please rate Q3/7. And, of these factors which three are currently the biggest barriers to success at your
the factors below in terms of their importance for the success of your hospital/ organisation. hospital/ organisation? Base: Hospital + Public Health respondents ranking factors and c onsidering
Base: Hospital + Public Health respondents considering original research or review articles important (5, 6 or 7 original research or review articles important (5, 6 or 7 on scale) (n=171)
on scale) (n=171)
Importance Barriers
Quality of staff 6.7 Too much bureaucracy 0.67
Quality of leadership 6.5 Funding* 0.59
Attracting quality staff 6.5 Quality of leadership 0.43
Well maintained hospital* 6.4 Bed capacity* 0.20
Funding* 6.4
Attracting quality staff 0.19
Quality of staff 0.17
Training 6.3
Technology/ Software/ Comms 0.14
Quality of equipment 6.1
Training 0.09 Information
Information 6.0
ranked 10th out of
Poorly maintained hospital* 0.08
Technology/ Software/ Comms 6.0 16, in terms of
Access to information 0.07 being perceived
Patient information* 6.0 as a barrier to
Sufficient operating theatres* 0.07 success
Minimal bureaucracy 5.9
Access to latest drug therapies* 0.06
Sufficient operating theatres* 5.9
Unclear legal/ ethical frameworks* 0.05
Clear legal and ethical frameworks* 5.9
Quality of equipment 0.05
Bed capacity* 5.7
Unavailable patient information* 0.04
Access to latest drug therapies* 5.5
Access to expertise/ consultancy 0.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 0.9
Not at all Extremely Low High
Information ranked 8th out of 15, in terms of perceived * Only asked for Hospital/ Medical School, n=163
importance to the success of organisation Base size for Public Health too small to list separately, n=8
32
Success factors: Hospitals + Public Health
Q2/6. Many factors are important when considering the success of an organisation. Please rate the factors below in terms of their importance for the
success of your hospital/ organisation. Base: Hospital + Public Health respondents (n=179)
Q3/7. And, of these factors which three are currently the biggest barriers to success at your hospital/ organisation?
Base: Hospital + Public Health respondents (n=179)
Importance vs. Barriers
High Barrier
0.7
Bureaucracy
0.6 Funding*
Relative barrier to success**
0.5
Leadership
0.4
0.3
Bed capacity*
0.2 Attracting staff
Tech/ Soft/ Comms Staff
Sufficient operating
0.1 theatres* Information Training
Well maintained
Access to latest drug
hospital*
Low Barrier therapies* Equipment
0 Clear legal and ethical Patient information*
4 5 frameworks 6 7
Low High
Importance Average importance to success of organisation (rating scale, 1-7)
Importance
* Only asked for Hospital/ Medical School, n=171
** Index number plotted is the product of average rank position and proportion of base selecting factor . Base size for Public Health too small to list separately, n=8
33
Information access: Hospitals + Public Health
Q8. When it comes to information, how important is it that you have access to the types of information listed below?.
Base: Hospital + Public Health respondents (n=179)
Q8b. And of the various information types which you consider important, how would you describe your level of access to them?
Base: Hospital + Public Health respondents rating factors as imp ortant. (n=179)
Information types: Importance vs. Ease of access
90
CME/Educational content Review papers in journals
Patient details
80 Patent information Original research articles
in journals
Reference works
Technical reports from
Prof/Trade publications
70 gov't agencies
(% Very + Fairly easy)
Ease of access*
Technical info
60 Vendor white papers
Conference proceedings
Legislative /Regulatory Scientific and technical
info standards
50
Market research reports
40
30
3 4 5 6 7
Low High
Importance Average importance to success of organisation (rating scale, 1-7)
Importance
* Level of access only asked for those factors rated as important
34
Research Institute +
Governmental
35
Success factors & barriers: Research Institute + Governmental
Q2/4. Many factors are important when considering the success of an organisation. Please rate Q3/5. And, of these factors which three are currently the biggest barriers to success at your
the factors below in terms of their importance for the success of your institute. institute? Base: Research institute + Governmental respondents (n=121)
Base: Research institute + Governmental respondents (n=121)
Importance Barriers
Funding^ 6.3 Too much bureaucracy 0.56
Quality of staff 6.3 Quality of leadership 0.44
Attracting quality staff 6.1 Funding^ 0.37
Information 6.1
Attracting quality staff 0.24
Time to conduct research^ 6.0
Time to conduct research^ 0.23
Quality of leadership 5.9
Quality of staff 0.18
Quality of equipment 5.5
Access to information 0.16
Technology/ Software/ Comms 5.5 Information
Technology/ Software/ Comms 0.16 ranked 7th out of
Training 5.4
15, in terms of
Support for proposals^ 0.08
Autonomy to set research direction^ 5.4 being perceived
Access to expertise/ consultancy 0.06 as a barrier to
Seed funding for new ideas^ 5.4
success
Support for proposals^ 5.2 Quality of equipment 0.05
Minimal bureaucracy 5.2 Training 0.04
Clear legal and ethical frameworks^ 4.8 Autonomy to set research direction^ 0.04
Access to academic expertise* 4.7 Unclear legal/ ethical frameworks^ 0.03
Access to commercial expertise* 3.9 Seed funding for new ideas^ 0.03
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 0.9
Not at all Extremely Low High
Information ranked 4th out of 16, in terms of perceived * Only asked for Governmental, n=65
importance to the success of organisation ^ Only asked for Research Institutes, n=56
Success factors & barriers: Research Institute + Governmental
36
who consider original research or review articles important
Q2/4. Many factors are important when considering the success of an organisation. Please Q3/5. And, of these factors which three are currently the biggest barriers to success at your
rate the factors below in terms of their importance for the success of your institute. hospital/ organisation? Base: Research institute + Governmental respondents ranking factors and
considering original research or review articles important (n=105)
Base: Research Institute + Governmental respondents considering original research or review articles
important (5, 6 or 7 on scale) (n=105)
Importance Barriers
Quality of staff 6.4 Too much bureaucracy 0.50
Funding^ 6.3 Quality of leadership 0.40
Information 6.3 Funding^ 0.39
Attracting quality staff 6.2
Time to conduct research^ 0.26
Time to conduct research^ 6.0
Attracting quality staff 0.26
Quality of leadership 5.9
Technology/ Software/ Comms 0.17
Quality of equipment 5.6
Quality of staff 0.17
Technology/ Software/ Comms 5.5 Information
Access to information 0.16 ranked 8th out of
Training 5.5
15, in terms of
Support for proposals^ 0.10
Autonomy to set research direction^ 5.4 being perceived
Access to expertise/ consultancy 0.07 as a barrier to
Seed funding for new ideas^ 5.4
success
Minimal bureaucracy 5.3 Quality of equipment 0.05
Support for proposals^ 5.2 Autonomy^ 0.05
Access to academic expertise* 5.1 Unclear legal/ ethical frameworks^ 0.04
Clear legal and ethical frameworks^ 4.8 Seed funding for new ideas^ 0.04
Access to commerical expertise* 4.0 Training 0.03
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 0.9
Not at all Extremely Low High
Information ranked 3rd out of 16, in terms of perceived * Only asked for governmental, n=50
importance to the success of organisation ^ Only asked for research institutes, n=55
37
Success factors: Research Institute + Governmental
Q2/4. Many factors are important when considering the success of an organisation. Please rate the factors below in terms of their importance for the
success of your institute. Base: Research institute + Governmental respondents (n=121)
Q3/5. And, of these factors which three are currently the biggest barriers to success at your institute?
Base: Research institute + Governmental respondents (n=121)
Importance vs. Barriers
High Barrier
0.7
0.6 Bureaucracy
Relative barrier to success**
0.5
Leadership
0.4
Funding^
0.3 Time to conduct
research^
Attracting staff
0.2 Tech/ Soft/ Comms
Staff
Information
0.1 Clear legal and ethical Support for proposals^
Access commerical frameworks^ Equipment
Low Barrier expertise* Autonomy^
0 Training
3 4 5 6 7
Low High
Importance Average importance to success of organisation (rating scale, 1-7)
Importance
* Only asked for Governmental, n=65
** Index number plotted is the product of average rank position and proportion of base selecting factor . ^ Only asked for Research Institutes, n=56
38
Information access: Research Institute + Governmental
Q8. When it comes to information, how important is it that you have access to the types of information listed below?.
Base: Research institute + Governmental respondents (n=121)
Q8b. And of the various information types which you consider important, how would you describe your level of access to them?
Base: Research institute + Governmental respondents rating factors as important. (n=121)
Information types: Importance vs. Ease of access
90 Original research articles
Clinical guidelines Technical reports from in journals
gov't agencies
Reference works
Scientific and technical
Prof/Trade publications
80 standards
CME/Educational content Legislative /Regulatory
Technical info
info
Vendor white papers
70 Patent information
(% Very + Fairly easy)
Ease of access*
Conference proceedings
60
Market research reports
50
Doctoral theses/
dissertations
40
Patient details
30
2 3 4 5 6
Low High
Importance Average importance to success of organisation (rating scale, 1-7) Importance
* Level of access only asked for those factors rated as important
39
Supporting analyses
Most popular channels of access
40
Q9. How often do you access information that you require, via the following channels? (Scale: Daily, 2-3 times per week,
Weekly, Monthly, Every 2-3 months, Every 3-6 months, Annually, Less often, Never) Base: Total of each group.
% of respondents using channel with any frequency (all responses except ‘never’)
Hospital + Public
SMEs Large companies University/ College Health Research + Gov’t Other
n=186 n=111 n=470 n=179 n=121 n=63
Prof/soc membership 81% 87% 83% 93% 80% 79%
Institute/ company subscription 77% 86% 96% 88% 89% 63%
Open access journal 71% 68% 85% 87% 81% 73%
Gov't database 68% 78% 69% 82% 77% 70%
Personal subscription 66% 77% 62% 88% 68% 71%
Author's own web page 66% 68% 84% 61% 74% 68%
Elec database subs by company 63% 78% 79% 86% 78% 68%
Online Pay Per View 63% 43% 35% 57% 35% 54%
In-house info service 56% 90% 74% 86% 86% 68%
Approach author directly 52% 56% 89% 64% 74% 60%
Local academic library 51% 50% 57% 74% 54% 59%
Colleagues' personal
subscription
48% 50% 45% 53% 48% 48%
Institutional rep/ online preprint 42% 53% 61% 53% 53% 49%
Inter-lib loan via local lib 42% 47% 72% 74% 64% 46%
Local public library 38% 35% 41% 47% 43% 52%
0% 1 0 0 % 0% 100% 0% 100% 0 % 100% 0 % 100% 0 % 100%
41
Channels of access
Q9. How often do you access information that you require, via the following channels?
Inter library loan via
Via a local academic
Online Pay Per View
society membership
Electronic database
repository or online
information service
Via an open access
institute/ company
Institute/company
Author's own web
Via a local public
library (not your
preprint server
author directly
place of work)
a local library
Approach the
Professional/
Government
to which the
Via in-house
Institutional
subscription
subscription
subscription
Colleagues'
subscribes
database
Personal
personal
journal
library
page
Several times
5% 18% 5% 23% 19% 5% 24% 16% 1% 2% 1% 8% 1% 8% 18%
per week
Weekly to
30% 26% 16% 17% 33% 20% 36% 43% 6% 10% 6% 22% 12% 23% 29%
monthly
SMEs Every 2- 6
(n=186) 16% 10% 9% 8% 6% 10% 9% 11% 12% 16% 9% 17% 17% 17% 15%
months
Less often 17% 9% 12% 9% 8% 13% 8% 11% 19% 24% 27% 20% 22% 15% 9%
Never 32% 37% 58% 44% 34% 52% 23% 19% 62% 49% 58% 34% 48% 37% 29%
Several times
5% 22% 11% 47% 13% 2% 24% 8% 1% 3% 3% 6% 0% 1% 12%
per week
Weekly to
21% 32% 16% 32% 42% 23% 38% 49% 4% 11% 8% 16% 10% 14% 20%
monthly
Large
companies Every 2- 6
31% 11% 8% 4% 8% 8% 12% 12% 10% 11% 10% 19% 13% 9% 18%
months
(n=111)
Less often 23% 14% 18% 7% 14% 18% 12% 19% 21% 25% 26% 26% 33% 20% 19%
Never 22% 22% 47% 10% 23% 50% 14% 13% 65% 50% 53% 32% 44% 57% 32%
Several times
6% 34% 13% 21% 14% 6% 69% 16% 3% 5% 4% 9% 4% 2% 24%
per week
Weekly to
19% 22% 17% 26% 29% 10% 19% 40% 6% 14% 17% 31% 24% 5% 30%
monthly
University
/College Every 2- 6
20% 9% 11% 9% 8% 11% 4% 16% 8% 15% 22% 26% 30% 7% 16%
months
(n=470)
Less often 24% 13% 19% 18% 10% 18% 3% 11% 24% 23% 30% 19% 31% 21% 15%
Never 31% 21% 39% 26% 38% 55% 4% 17% 59% 43% 28% 16% 11% 65% 15%
42
Channels of access
Q9. How often do you access information that you require, via the following channels?
Approach the author
Professional/ society
Inter library loan via
Colleagues' personal
Via a local academic
Online Pay Per View
Electronic database
repository or online
Via an open access
information service
institute/ company
Institute/company
Author's own web
Via a local public
library (not your
preprint server
place of work)
a local library
Government
to which the
Institutional
Via in-house
subscription
subscription
membership
subscription
subscribes
database
Personal
directly
journal
library
page
Several times
11% 33% 10% 39% 39% 12% 43% 32% 4% 12% 8% 3% 2% 5% 24%
per week
Hospital Weekly to
32% 27% 20% 25% 36% 18% 26% 42% 11% 20% 24% 13% 8% 12% 35%
+ monthly
Public Every 2- 6
21% 13% 11% 12% 5% 8% 11% 9% 8% 18% 20% 13% 18% 17% 18%
Health months
(n=179)
Less often 18% 13% 12% 10% 9% 14% 8% 10% 24% 24% 22% 32% 36% 23% 9%
Never 18% 14% 47% 14% 12% 47% 12% 7% 53% 26% 26% 39% 36% 43% 13%
Several times
19% 33% 14% 43% 19% 6% 47% 18% 2% 7% 5% 9% 6% 2% 23%
per week
Research Weekly to
31% 26% 21% 28% 27% 14% 30% 37% 9% 14% 20% 21% 14% 11% 32%
Institute monthly
+ Every 2- 6
20% 12% 14% 10% 7% 16% 7% 12% 12% 10% 17% 23% 26% 12% 15%
Gov’t months
(n=121) Less often
7% 7% 6% 5% 14% 12% 6% 13% 21% 22% 23% 21% 28% 10% 11%
Never 23% 22% 45% 14% 32% 52% 11% 20% 57% 46% 36% 26% 26% 65% 19%
Several times
8% 24% 6% 38% 22% 10% 24% 19% 3% 3% 2% 10% 3% 5% 6%
per week
Weekly to
35% 29% 19% 19% 33% 19% 19% 38% 10% 21% 8% 21% 14% 6% 33%
monthly
Other
(n=63) Every 2- 6
16% 5% 16% 6% 8% 3% 14% 10% 16% 16% 14% 24% 19% 27% 16%
months
Less often 11% 11% 8% 5% 8% 16% 6% 13% 24% 19% 22% 14% 24% 16% 17%
Never 30% 32% 51% 32% 29% 52% 37% 21% 48% 41% 54% 32% 40% 46% 27%
43
How articles are discovered
Q16. In reference to this article, how did you learn about it?
Base: All who have had difficulty accessing an article recently
Hospital + Research
Large University/
SMEs Public Institute Other
companies College
Health + Gov’t
(n=103) (n=38) (n=114) (n=83) (n=32) (n=25)
Searching using a general search engine
such as Google, Yahoo, LiveSearch
44% 45% 19% 17% 22% 32%
Searching on a specialist search engine (e.g.
Scopus, Web of Science, GoogleScholar, 36% 24% 54% 58% 44% 48%
INSPEC, PubMed etc)
A cited reference in a publication 32% 34% 53% 42% 41% 64%
Notified by a colleague or friend 5% 16% 3% 7% 16% 12%
It was referred to on a speciality website 10% 13% 4% 10% 16% 24%
Read about it in a magazine or newspaper 3% 8% 2% 2% 9% 4%
Heard about it on TV, radio 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 8%
Mainly using general Much greater usage of Largely using specialist search
search engines, with specialist search engines and engines and citations, but
greater than average citations more likely than other groups
tendency to make use of to use speciality websites and
word-of-mouth and word-of-mouth
references from websites.
44
Likelihood to use alternative routes to an article
Q17. Which of the following did you do to obtain this article?
Note: Question was asked only of those who reported experiencing difficulty with accessing a journal
article, numbers represent percentages of the total population of each subgroup
Hospital + Research
Large University/
SMEs Public Institute Other
companies College
Health + Gov’t
(n=186) (n=111) (n=470) (n=179) (n=121) (n=63)
Check access via your organisation’s library or in-
8% 11% 6% 13% 5% 13%
house information service
Check access via your local academic library (if not
4% 1% 3% 7% 6% 3%
based in academia)
Check access via a local public library 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 2%
Check access via a colleagues’ subscription 8% 3% 3% 6% 2% 6%
Request an interlibrary loan from a library 4% 1% 6% 10% 5% 8%
Approach the author directly 6% 2% 6% 5% 7% 6%
Use a service such as patientINFORM, AGORA,
3% 2% 0% 3% 1% 2%
HINARI, OARE etc
Look for an early version of the article on the web 15% 9% 3% 6% 8% 17%
Did not try any of the methods listed 6% 8% 4% 6% 3% 3%
45
Intended use of article
Q18. How did you intend to use this article that you had difficulty accessing?
Base: All who have had difficulty accessing an article recently
Large University/ Hospital + Research Ins
SMEs Other
companies College Public Health + Gov’t
(n=103) (n=38) (n=114) (n=83) (n=32) (n=25)
Use it for work purposes 86% 76% 59% 54% 72% 60%
General interest 6% 8% 1% 4% 3% 12%
Use it for my studies 6% 5% 28% 29% 25% 16%
To get a better understanding of a medical condition
either for myself or on behalf of a family member or 1% 3% 0% 8% 0% 2%
friend
Other (please specify) 1% 8% 12% 5% 0% 12%
Q19. How specifically, did you intend to use this article?
Base: All who have had difficulty accessing an article recently, and intended to use article for work purposes or general interest
Large University/ Hospital + Research Ins
SMEs Other
companies College Public Health + Gov’t
(n=95) (n=32) (n=68) (n=48) (n=24) (n=18)
Competitor intelligence 3% 3% 0% 0% 4% 0%
Keeping up-to-date 17% 19% 10% 31% 25% 11%
Help resolve a technical or clinical issue 29% 28% 13% 21% 17% 44%
Background literature search 46% 44% 71% 42% 46% 28%
Other (please specify) 4% 6% 6% 6% 8% 17%
Q20. Thinking of the most recent article which you had difficult y accessing, how important was it to access?
Base: All who have had difficulty accessing an article recently
% Important (rated 5, 6 or 7) 55% 63% 75% 76% 69% 60%
Mean importance (7=Extremely important) 4.5 4.6 5.1 5.2 5.0 4.7
46
Demographics
47
Demographics: Area
Q25. How would you classify the area you work in?
University / Hospital + Research
TOTAL SME Large corp College Pub. Health Inst. + Gov’t Other
(n=1130) (n=186) (n=111) (n=470) (n=179) (n=121) (n=63)
Health Sciences 21% 11% 5% 11% 76% 9% 16%
Materials Science & Engineering 12% 16% 26% 12% 1% 12% 6%
Social Sciences 8% 1% 4% 16% 1% 4% 3%
Chemistry & Chemical Engineering 7% 15% 13% 7% 0% 2% 5%
Biological Sciences 7% 3% 3% 9% 1% 21% 5%
Mathematics & Computer Sciences 5% 6% 7% 7% 0% 5% 6%
Environmental Sciences 4% 5% 2% 5% 0% 10% 3%
Physics 4% 3% 0% 6% 0% 4% 3%
Life Sciences 3% 4% 3% 4% 1% 4% 0%
Neuroscience 3% 0% 2% 3% 4% 2% 3%
Earth Sciences 2% 2% 3% 3% 0% 2% 2%
General 2% 7% 4% 0% 1% 2% 5%
Pharmacology & Toxicology 2% 3% 2% 1% 0% 2% 3%
Arts & Humanities 2% 1% 0% 3% 1% 0% 3%
Other 17% 23% 28% 11% 15% 21% 37%
0% 50%
0% 50% 50% 50% 80% 50% 50%
48
Demographics: Role
Q29. What is your MAIN role within your organisation?
University / Hospital + Research
TOTAL SME Large corp College Pub. Health Inst. + Gov’t Other
(n=1130) (n=186) (n=111) (n=470) (n=179) (n=121) (n=63)
Research/ development 41% 31% 39% 56% 15% 51% 13%
Practitioner 11% 3% 2% 0% 60% 4% 10%
Teaching 8% 0% 0% 19% 2% 1% 8%
Management 8% 22% 14% 1% 2% 13% 22%
R&D and teaching equally 7% 1% 2% 13% 3% 6% 3%
Advisory /Consultancy 6% 15% 12% 0% 4% 7% 13%
Engineering 5% 11% 21% 1% 0% 2% 8%
Student [Post-graduate] 3% 0% 0% 5% 2% 2% 0%
Marketing/ Sales 2% 8% 3% 0% 0% 1% 2%
Administration 1% 2% 1% 0% 0% 4% 0%
Student [Graduate] 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0%
Member of public 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 5%
Other 7% 8% 7% 4% 11% 7% 17%
0% 0%
50% 0%
50% 0%
50% 60%
0% 0%
60% 0%
60% 50%
49
Demographics: Age
Q30. Which of the following categories does your age fall into?
University / Hospital + Research
TOTAL SME Large corp College Pub. Health Inst. + Gov’t Other
(n=1130) (n=186) (n=111) (n=470) (n=179) (n=121) (n=63)
Under 25 2% 3% 1% 2% 0% 1% 2%
26 to 35 24% 22% 22% 25% 31% 22% 14%
36 to 45 31% 24% 33% 32% 36% 33% 21%
46 to 55 24% 30% 29% 22% 18% 26% 27%
56 to 65 15% 17% 14% 14% 13% 15% 21%
Over 65 4% 4% 1% 5% 2% 2% 16%
Prefer
not to 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0%
say
0% 50%0% 0%
50% 0%
50% 60%
0% 0%
60% 0%
60% 50%
50
Commercial sector & activity type
Q28. Which of the following best describes your organisation’s sector?
Base: SME respondents (n=186), Large companies (n=111)
Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutical 15%
18%
Chemicals 11% Chemicals 4%
Computing 9% Computing 5%
Medical & Precision Instruments 7% Medical & Precision Instruments 1%
Electricity & Gas Supply 5% Electricity & Gas Supply 4%
Machinery & Equipment 5%
SME Machinery & Equipment 5% Large companies
Media, Publishing & Printing 5% Media, Publishing & Printing 4%
Oil & Gas 4% Oil & Gas 12%
Telecommunications 4% Telecommunications 7%
Aerospace 4% Aerospace 11%
Construction 4% Construction 5%
Finance 4% Finance 9%
Food & Drink 3% Food & Drink 3%
Textiles 3% Textiles 0%
Water Supply 3% Water Supply 3%
Agriculture 3% Agriculture 2%
Other 9% Other 13%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Q27. What is the activity type of your organisation?
Base: SME respondents (n=186), Large companies (n=111)
Large companies
SME
Manufacturing Manufacturing
31% 46%
Service
54%
Service
69%
51
Institution size (University/College & Hosp/Med Schools)
Q23. Approximately, how many students are there at your institut ion? Q24. Approximately, how many beds are there at your hospital/medical school
Base: University/ College respondents, n=470 Base: Hospital/ Medical school respondents, n=168
University/College size Hospital/ Medical school size
Less than 499 6% Less than 49 4%
500 – 999 5%
50 – 99 2%
1000 – 4999 9%
100 – 299 19%
5000 to 14,999 34%
300 to 499 30%
15,000 to 24,999 27%
500 to 999 32%
25,000 to 30,000 11%
1,000+ 13%
30,000 + 7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
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