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John Nance Garner
John Nance Garner
John Nance Garner Preceded by Succeeded by Born new district Milton H. West November 22, 1868(1868-11-22) Red River County, Texas United States November 7, 1967 (aged 98) Uvalde, Texas United States American Democratic Mariette Rheiner Garner Tully Charles Garner Vanderbilt University dropped out Methodist
Died
Nationality Political party Spouse Children Alma mater Religion
32nd Vice President of the United States In office March 4, 1933 – January 20, 1941 President Preceded by Succeeded by Franklin D. Roosevelt Charles Curtis Henry A. Wallace
John Nance Garner IV nicknamed "Cactus Jack" (November 22, 1868 – November 7, 1967) was the 44th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (1931–33) and the 32nd Vice President of the United States (1933–41).
44th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives In office December 7, 1931 – March 4, 1933 President Preceded by Succeeded by Herbert Hoover Nicholas Longworth Henry T. Rainey
Early life and family
Garner was born near Detroit, Red River County, Texas to John Nance Garner III and his wife, the former Sarah Jane Guest. [1] Garner attended Vanderbilt University for one semester before dropping out and returning home. He eventually studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1890, and began practice in Uvalde, Uvalde County, Texas. He was county judge of Uvalde County from 1893 to 1896. (Although the county judge in Texas is now primarily the chief administrative officer of a county, comparable to the mayor of a city, the office is a judicial position and the county judge sits in small civil cases, misdemeanor criminal cases, and probate cases.) In the 1893 campaign for Uvalde County Judge, his Democratic primary opponent was Mariette Rheiner, a rancher’s daughter. He married her two years later, and they had
8th Minority Leader of the United States House of Representatives In office 1929 – 1931 Deputy Preceded by Succeeded by William Allan Oldfield (whip) Finis Garrett Bertrand Snell
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from ’s Texas’ 15th district In office March 4, 1903 – March 4, 1933
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one child, a (1896–1968). son, Tully Charles Garner
John Nance Garner
Vice Presidency
In 1932, Garner ran for the Democratic Presidential nomination, becoming one of New York Governor Franklin Roosevelt’s most serious opponents for the nomination. When it became evident that Roosevelt would win the nomination, Garner cut a deal with the frontrunner, becoming Roosevelt’s Vice Presidential candidate. He was re-elected to the Seventy-third Congress on November 8, 1932, and on the same day was elected Vice President of the United States. He was reelected Vice President in 1936 and served in that office from March 4, 1933 to January 20, 1941. Garner once described the vice presidency as being "not worth a bucket of warm piss."[2] This quote was bowdlerized for many decades to "not worth a bucket of warm spit" by the media. The incorrect version is still used on occasion by writers who say they never heard or read it any other way. Garner once described a writer who quoted it this way as a "pantywaist."[3]. During Roosevelt’s second term, the previously warm relationship between Garner and Roosevelt quickly soured, as Garner disagreed sharply with Roosevelt on a wide range of important issues. Garner supported federal intervention to break up the Flint SitDown Strike, supported a balanced federal budget, opposed packing the Supreme Court with additional judges, and opposed executive interference with the internal business of the Congress. During 1938 and 1939, numerous Democratic party leaders urged Garner to run for President in 1940. Garner saw himself as the champion of the traditional Democratic Party establishment, which often clashed with supporters of Roosevelt’s New Deal. Gallup polls showed that Garner was the favorite among Democratic voters, presuming that Roosevelt would defer to the longstanding two-term tradition and not run for a third term. Though he never declared his candidacy, Roosevelt quietly made it known that he would seek a third term. Even though this decision made it highly unlikely that Garner would win the nomination, he stayed in the race anyway, because he opposed much of what the President stood for, and opposed the idea of anyone having a third term as President. Roosevelt beat Garner soundly in the Democratic primaries, and won re-
Texas politics
Garner was a member of the Texas State House of Representatives from 1898 to 1902. While in the Texas Legislature, a bill came up to select a state flower for Texas. Garner fervently supported the prickly pear cactus for the honor and earned the nickname "Cactus Jack" for his effort. The bluebonnet eventually won out and was chosen as the state flower. Garner was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives in 1902 from a newly created congressional district covering tens of thousands of square miles of rural South Texas. He was elected from the district fourteen subsequent times, serving until 1933. His wife served as his private secretary during this period.
John Nance Garner as a younger congressman. Garner’s hard work and integrity made him a respected leader in the House, and he was chosen to serve as minority floor leader for the Democrats in 1929, and then as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives in 1931.
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United States House of Representatives Preceded by New district Political offices Preceded by Finis Garrett Preceded by Nicholas Longworth Preceded by Charles Curtis Preceded by Finis Garrett Preceded by Joseph Taylor Robinson Minority Leaderof the United States House of Representatives 1929 - 1931 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives December 7, 1931–March 4, 1933 Vice President of the United States March 4, 1933–January 20, 1941 House Democratic Leader 1929 - 1931
John Nance Garner
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives Succeeded by Milton H. West from Texas’s 15th congressional district March 4, 1902 – March 4, 1933 Succeeded by Bertrand Snell Succeeded by Henry T. Rainey Succeeded by Henry A. Wallace Succeeded by Henry T. Rainey
Party political offices
Democratic Party vice presidential candidate Succeeded by 1932, 1936 Henry A. Wallace
nomination at the Democratic National Convention on the first ballot.
Later life and legacy
Garner stepped down as Vice President in January 1941, ending a 46-year career in public life. He retired to his home in Uvalde for the last 26 years of his life, where he managed his extensive real estate holdings, spent time with his great-grandchildren, and fished. Throughout his retirement, he was consulted by active Democratic politicians, and was especially close to Harry S. Truman. On the morning of Garner’s 95th birthday on November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy called from Fort Worth, Texas to wish the former Vice President a Happy Birthday, just before his fateful trip to Dallas. Garner died at the age of 98 years and 350 days. This gives him the record as the longest-living Vice-President in United States history, which was previously held by Vice President Levi P. Morton. Garner still holds that record as of 2009. He is interred in Uvalde Cemetery. Garner and Schuyler Colfax are the only two Vice Presidents to have been Speaker of the House of Representatives prior to becoming Vice President. As the Vice President is also the President of the Senate, this means that Garner and Colfax are the only people in
history to have served as the presiding officer of both houses of Congress. Garner State Park, located 30 miles (48 km) north of Uvalde, Texas, was named in his honor.
References
[1] [1] [2] Blumenthal, Sidney (2007-06-28). "The imperial vice presidency" (in English). Salon.com. http://www.salon.com/ opinion/blumenthal/2007/06/28/cheney/. Retrieved on 2007-09-22. [3] Alter, Jonathan (2006-02-27). "The Imperial (Vice) Presidency" (in English). Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/ id/56898. Retrieved on 2008-08-05.
Sources
• John Nance Garner at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress • John Nance Garner at Find A Grave • Champagne, Anthony. "John Nance Garner," in Raymond W Smock and Susan W Hammond, eds. Masters of the House: Congressional Leadership Over Two Centuries (1998) pp 144–80 • Timmons, Bascom N. Garner of Texas: A Personal History. 1948. • Will, George. "In Cactus Jack’s Footsteps". Jewish World Review 6 Jan. 2000.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
John Nance Garner
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" Categories: Franklin D. Roosevelt administration cabinet members, 1868 births, 1967 deaths, People from Red River County, Texas, Speakers of the United States House of Representatives, United States presidential candidates, 1932, United States presidential candidates, 1940, Democratic Party (United States) vice presidential nominees, Vice Presidents of the United States, Members of the Texas House of Representatives, Members of the United States House of Representatives from Texas, American Methodists This page was last modified on 7 May 2009, at 23:34 (UTC). All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) taxdeductible nonprofit charity. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers
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