From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Maldives
Maldives
The Republic of Maldives ?????????????? ???????????? (Divehi Rājje ge Jumhuriyyā) Total Per capita $1.708 billion[2] $4,950[2] 2008 estimate $1.259 billion[2] $3,648[2] ▲0.741 (medium) (100th) Maldivian Rufiyaa (MVR) (UTC+5) left .mv 960
GDP (nominal) Total Per capita HDI (2007) Currency Time zone
Flag
Coat of arms
Drives on the Internet TLD Calling code
Motto: None Anthem: Gavmii mi ekuverikan matii tibegen kuriime salaam
"In National Unity Do We Salute Our Nation"
Capital Official languages Demonym Government President Vice President of Maldives Speaker of the Majlis Chief Justice
Malé Dhivehi Maldivian Presidential republic Mohamed Nasheed Mohammed Waheed Hassan Mohamed Shihab Abdulla Saeed 26 July 1965
Independent from United Kingdom Area Total Water (%)
298 km2 (206th) 115 sq mi negligible 350,000 (176th1) 298,842[1] 1,105/km2 (8th) 2,862/sq mi 2008 estimate
Population July 2006 estimate 2006 census Density GDP (PPP)
The Maldives ( /ˈmɒldaɪvz/ or /ˈmɒldiːvz/), (Dhivehi: ????????????) or Maldive Islands, officially the Republic of Maldives, is an island country consisting of a group of atolls stretching south of India’s Lakshadweep islands between Minicoy Island and the Chagos Archipelago, and about seven hundred kilometres (435 mi) south-west of Sri Lanka in the Laccadive Sea of Indian Ocean. The twenty-six atolls of Maldives encompass a territory featuring 1,192 islets, of which two hundred and fifty islands are inhabited.[3] The original inhabitants were Buddhist, probably since Ashoka’s period, in the 3rd century BC. Islam was introduced in 1153. The Maldives then came under the influence of the Portuguese (1558) and the Dutch (1654) seaborne empires. In 1887 it became a British protectorate. In 1965, the Maldives obtained independence from Britain (originally under the name "Maldive Islands"), and in 1968 the Sultanate was replaced by a Republic. The Maldives is the smallest Asian country in terms of both population and area; it is the smallest predominantly Muslim nation in the world. With an average ground level of 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) above sea level,[4] it is also the country with the lowest highest point in the world, at 2.3 metres (7 ft 7 in).[5]
Etymology of "Maldives"
See also: Names of Maldives
1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The name "Maldives" may derive from Maale Dhivehi Raajje ("The Island Kingdom [under the authority of] Malé"), the local name for the Maldives. The island nation was synonymous with its capital "Maale" and sometimes called ’Malédeeb’, and the people were called ’Dhives’. The word Dheeb/Deeb (archaic Dhivehi, a corruption of Dweep in Sanskrit) means ’island’ and Dhives (Dhivehin) means ’islanders’ (ie: the Maldivians). During the colonial era, the Dutch referred to the country as Maldivische Eilanden in their documentation, while "Maldive Island" is the anglicized version of the local name used by the British, which later came to be written as Maldives. The ancient Sri Lankan chronicle, the Mahawamsa refers to an island called Mahiladiva or ’Island of Women’ in Pali. The Mahawamsa is derived from an even older Sinhala work dating back to the 2nd century BC. Some scholars theorize that the name "Maldives" derives from the Sanskrit mālādvīpa, meaning "garland of islands"[6] . None of the names are mentioned in any literature, instead classical Sanskrit texts dating back to the Vedic times mention the "Hundred Thousand Islands" (Lakshadweepa); a generic name which would include not only the Maldives, but also the Laccadives and the Chagos island groups.[7] Some medieval Arab travelers such as Ibn Batuta called the islands "Mahal Dibiyat" from the Arabic word Mahal ("palace")."[8] This is the name currently inscribed in the scroll of the Maldive state emblem. Although the classical Yemeni name for Maldives is Dibajat.[9] Philostorgius, an Arian Greek historian who relates (circa AD 354) about a Divoeis (the Divaeans, pronounced Divians) hostage after fulfilling his mission to the Homerites, sailed to his island home known as "Divus" (Maldives).[10]
Maldives
Maldives—a chain of 1190 small coral islands, grouped into 26 atolls
Geography
See also: Atolls of the Maldives and List of islands of the Maldives A view of an island in the Maldives. The Maldives holds the record for being the lowest country in the world, with a maximum natural ground though in areas where construction exists this has been increased to several metres. Over the last centur could threaten the existence of Maldives. However, A tsunami in the Indian Ocean caused by the 2004 Ind around 1970 the sea level there dropped 20-30 cm.[11 into purchasing new land in India, Sri Lanka, and Australia, due to his concerns about After the disaster, c versible damage to the environment. global warming an sea levels. Current estimates place sea level rise On59 cm by2008, then Maldivespurchase of land will be at 22 April the year 2100. The President Maumoon Ab intentions, saying "We do not want to leave the Maldives, but we also In 2009, subsequent president Moha tion of Maldives.[14] do not want to be climate refugees
2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Maldives
Illustration which appeared in an article in The Graphic depicts veranda sing A whale shark in the Maldives, one of many (Fendaamathi Undholi) of royal palace, by animals that inhabit the reefs that make up the Englishman CW Rosett. He visited Malthe country dives on 25 October, 1885 and stayed in Malé, his purpose was to exhibit his findings at the Colonial and Indian barrier against the sea, formin The reef is composed of coral debris and living coral. This acts as a naturalexhibition. own protective fringe of reef. An opening in the surrounding coral barrier allows access to the calmer lag The barrier reefs of the islands protect them from to be proclaimed king. Koimala Kalou (Lord Koimala him the storms and high waves of the Indian Ocean. The heat buffer, absorbing, storing, and slowly releasing the tropical heat. The heat is further mitigated by co Since Koimala’s reign, the Maldive throne was also know A layer of humus 152-millimetre (6.0 in) -thick forms the top layer of soil onaccredit Koimala of the hum Throne).[19] Some Historians the islands. Below freeing Due to high levels of salt in the soil near the beach, Several foreign travellers, mainly Arabs, had written a vegetation is limited there to a few plants such as shr getation such as mangrove and banyan grow. Coconut palms, the national tree, are able one of the queen of earlier writers mentions the name of to grow almost e The limited vegetation is supplemented by themarried with the Aaditta (Sun)marine life. abundance of coral reefs and Dynasty. This was why th and the Sun". No official records exist of the Aadeetta dy The conversion to Islam is mentioned in the ancient e saint (a Persian from the city of Tabriz or a Moroccan Be Comparative studies of Maldivian oral, linguistic verted to Islam in the year AD 1153. confirm that the firs and cultural traditions and customs (300 BCE – 300 CE), most probably fishermen from Over the centuries, the islands have been visited and I the southwest coasts of what is now the south of the munity is the Giraavaru people descended from ancient Tamils. They are brief, abortiveancient legends an In 1953, there was a mentioned in attempt to form a They are considered to be the earliest community of settlers on the islands. A strong underlyingformed th atolls protested against the government. They layer of T Tamil-Malayalam substratum in the language, which also appears in place an independent Islamic sultana Although governed as names, kin terms, poetry, danc dives, and the Maldives were evidently viewed as an extension of the archipelago. Some argue that Gujar ing the Indus valley civilization. The Jatakas and Since Independence in 1965 maritime trade. Puranas show abundant evidence of this Sinhalese, who were descended from the exiled Kalinga Prince Vijaya and his party of several hundred, in The agreement giving the Maldives full political indepen their native regions of Orissa and the Sinhapura kingdom in north west India. According to the Mahavans of Her Majesty the Queen by Sir Michael Walker British around 500 BC, went adrift and arrived at an island called Mahiladvipika, which is the Maldives. It is also lombo on 26 July 1965. After independence from Britain Lanka. Their settlement in Sri Lanka and some of the Maldives marks a significant change in demographi 1968, the monarchy was abolished and replaced by a rep guage of Sinhala). There are some signs of Arab and east Asian inhabitants mostly in southernmost atolls. structures of government. The official name of the count Buddhism came to the Maldives at the time of Emperor Ashoka’s expansion and became the dominant of the 1970s. Maldivian Kings promoted Buddhism and the first Maldive writings and artistic achievements in the form However, political infighting during the ’70s between Lōmāfānu is the oldest copper-plate book to have been discovered in the Maldives to date. The book was Zaki to a remote atoll. Economic decline followed the clo tion of the first plate, during the reign of Siri Fennaadheettha Mahaa Radun {Dhinei Kalaminja}. Tusites ministration faltering, Nasir fled to Singapore in 1978, a er that may have done wrongful deeds while wearing the crown. Maumoon Abdul Gayoom began a 30-year role as Pres First archaeological study of the remains of early cultures on the Maldives began with the work of H.C stability and economic development in view of Gayoom’s wrecked on the islands in 1879, and returned several times to investigate ancient Buddhist ruins. He stud However, his rule is controversial, with some critics sayi from chaitiya or stupa) (Dhivehi: ????????) by the Maldivians, which are found on many of the atolls. A series of coup attempts (in 1980, 1983, and 1988) b Although Bell asserted that the ancient Maldivians followed Theravada Buddhism, many local Buddhis with little success, the 1988 coup attempt involved a rou and Vajrayana iconography. house until the intervention of 1600 Indian troops airlifte In the early 11th century the Minicoy and Thiladhunmathi also possibaly other northern Atolls was con In November 1988, a group of Maldivians headed by M part of the Chola empire. ent Gayoom. After an appeal by the Maldivian governme According to a legend from the Maldivian Folklore, in the early 12th century AD a medieval prince nam 3 November 1988, the Indian Air Force airlifted a parach island (literally King’s Town) in North Maalhosmadulu Atoll and from there to Malé and established a king rule in Malé, possibly due to invasions by the Cholas of Southern India in the Tenth Century. The indigeno
History
3
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Maldives
paratroopers landed at Hulule and secured the airfield a the Indian Navy.
2004 Tsunami
Queen Siri Raadha Abaarana Mahaa Rehendhi (Sultana Khadija), a 14th century queen and her husband Mohamed El-Jameel giving an audience. The drawing is allegedly based on the writings of the fourteenth Century Moorish traveller Ibn Batuta, who on visiting Maldives was invited to stay as the Chief Justice (1347–1349). (For annotated selections from his writings, see Travels of Ibn Battuta (tr. by H. A. R. Gibb, 3 vol., rev. ed. 1958–71)
People, in Malé, removing sand bags from a nearby cons the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
On 26 December 2004, following the 2004 Indian Ocean fifty-seven islands faced serious damage to critical infras were forced to shut down due to serious damage. The tot reportedly died in the tsunami.[20] The destructive impac waves could gain height. The tallest waves were reported Agreement that gave the Maldives full political independence.Signed on behalf of His Majesty the Sultan by Ibrahim Nasir Rannabandeyri Kilegefan, Prime Minister and on behalf of Her Majesty the Queen by Sir Michael Walker British Ambassador designate to the Maldive Islands. The Ceremony took place at the British High Commissioner’s Residence in Colombo on 26 July 1965. Standing from left to right in the Maldive delegation: Mr Koli Ali Maniku Maldives Trade Representative in Colombo; Mr Kandi Ahmed Maniku, First Secretary Maldive Embassy in Colombo and Abdul Sattar Faamuladeyri Kilegefan Maldive Ambassador designate in Colombo.
2008 election of President Nasheed and
Violent protests in 2004 and 2005 led to a series of refor tions were held on 9 October 2008, with 5 candidates run Candidate, a former journalist and political prisoner who critic of Gayoom in the early 90s. This election resulted i 11 November 2008, Gayoom said: "I deeply regret any ac longest serving leader of any Asian nation.[20] Mohamed Nasheed became the first President to be e ended the 30 year rule of President Gayoom. The new government of President Nasheed faces rest the islands, unemployment, government corruption, and wealth fund with money earned from tourism that could the country. The government is reportedly considering lo
Politics
4
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Maldives
Presidential Office, Malé
The Presidential Palace "Mule-aage", Malé)
Politics in the Maldives takes place in the framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President is points the cabinet. The President is nominated to a five-year term by a secret ballot of the Majlis (parliam tion precludes non-Muslims from voting. The unicameral Majlis of the Maldives is composed of fifty members serving five-year terms. Two mem ent, which is the main route through which women enter parliament. The country introduced political parties for the first time in its history in July 2005, six months after th joined the Dhivehi Raiyyathunge Party (the Maldivian People’s Party) and elected Maumoon Abdul Gayoo members of the Maldivian Democratic Party, and two members remained independent. In March 2006, Pr ing a time-line to write a new constitution, and modernize the legal framework. Under the roadmap, the g most significant piece of legislation passed so far is the Amendment to the Human Rights Commission Act The fifty members of parliament sit with an equal number of similarly constituted persons and the Cab tiative of the President to write a modern liberal democratic constitution for the Maldives. The Assembly very slow progress. The Government and the Opposition in Hulhumalé Mosque have been blaming each other for the delays, but traditions, poor whipping (none of the MPs were elected on a party ticket) and endless points of order int opposition party, MDP, to depose President Gayoom by direct action ahead of the implementation of the r These provinces correspond to the historic divisions of U abortive putsch in November 2006. Significantly, the leader of the MDP, Ibrahim Ismail (MP for the bigge Huvadhu (or Uthuru Suvadinmathi) and Addumulakathol narrowly beat Dr. Mohammed Waheed Hassan only a couple months earlier. He eventually left MDP in No The Maldives has twenty-six natural atolls and few isl tee. The government had engaged the services of a Commonwealth Special Envoy Tun Musa Hitam to fac atolls and Malé city).[22] vices of the British High Commissioner to facilitate a dialogue. The ensuing Westminster House process m In addition to a name, every administrative division is revolution. Latin code letter. The Roadmap provides the deadline of 31 May 2007 for the Assembly to conclude its work and to pave The first corresponds to the geographical Maldivian n The election was close enough to trigger a second run-off election in which challenger Mohamed Nasheed the atolls and the central administration. As there are ce President Dr. Waheed was sworn into office on 11 November 2008. the island, for example: Baa Funadhoo, Kaafu Funadhoo, Despite the passage from monarchy to republic, the contemporary political structure shows a continuit to be quoted short, for example in the atoll website name top of the social structure. In some islands, the offices have remained within the same family for generati This code denomination has been very much abused b Katību, who serves as the executive headman of the island. Above the Katībus of every atoll is the AtoỊuve for tourists.[24] Maldivians may use the letter code name few responsibilities. They are trained to report to the government about the situation in their islands and precedence. The Latin code letter is normally used in boa thoroughly. Although islands are of considerably long distances from the governing capital, administrativ Each atoll is administered by an Atoll Chief (Atholhu V um, hence centralizing representatives from islands to a general parliament; the People’s Majlis located i Offices and Island Offices are collectively responsible to President. The Island Chief’s immediate superior is the A The introduction of code-letter names has been a sour letter of the administrative atoll is its new name and that The Maldives has 7 provinces each consisting of the following administrative divisions: 1. Mathi-Uthuru Province; consists of Haa Alif, Haa Dhaalu and Shaviyani Atoll. 2. Uthuru Province; consists of Noonu, Raa, Baa and Lhaviyani Atoll. 3. Medhu-Uthuru Province; consists of Kaafu, Alifu Alifu, Alifu Dhaalu and Vaavu Atoll. The Maldivian ethnic identity is a blend of the cultures re 4. Medu Province; consists of Meemu, Faafu and Dhaalu Atoll. southern India and Sri Lanka. They are linguistically and 5. Medhu-Dhekunu Province; consists of Thaa and Laamu Atoll. Some social stratification exists on the islands. It is no 6. Mathi-Dhekunu Province; consists of Gaafu Alifu and Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll. stead of a complex caste system, like the Vedic one, ther 7. Dhekunu Province; consists of Gnaviyani and Seenu Atoll.
Administrative divisions
Demographics
5
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Maldives
Malé, the capital of the Maldives.
Typical Maldives market concentrated in Malé. Outside of the service industry, this is the only location where the foreign and dom where the natives live, and casual contacts between the two groups are discouraged. A census has been recorded since 1905, which shows that the population of the country remained arou ence in 1965, the health status of the population improved so much that the population doubled by 1978, tion had reached 300,000, although the census in 2000 showed that the population growth rate had declin now risen to 72 years. Infant mortality has declined from 127 per thousand in 1977 to 12 today, and adult
As of April 2008, more than 70,000 foreign employees live in the country and another 33,000 illegal immi mainly of people from the neighbouring South Asian countries of India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal.
Economy
In ancient times the Maldives were renowned for cowry shells, coir rope, dried tuna fish (Maldive Fish), a ing ships used to load these products in Sri Lanka and transport them to other harbors in the Indian Ocea the Arabs who dominated the Indian ocean trade routes — The Maldives provided enormous quantities of the symbol of the Maldives Monetary Authority. Typical Maldivian beach with tall palm trees The Maldivian Government began an economic reformlagoons. in 1989, initially by lifting import quot and blue program alized regulations to allow more foreign investment. Real GDP growth averaged over 7.5% per year for m ing for 28% of GDP and more than 60% of the Maldives’ foreign exchange receipts. Fishing is the second In late December 2004, the major tsunami left more than 100 dead, 12,000 displaced, and property da by about 3.6% in 2005. A rebound in tourism, post-tsunami reconstruction, and development of new resor 2007 estimates show the Maldives enjoy the highest GDP per capita $4,600 (2007 est) amongst south Asia
Tourism
The Maldives was largely terra incognita for tourists until the early seventies. Strewn across the equator unique geography as a small island country. Nature has fragmented the archipelago into 1,190 tiny island lands are home to its 300,000 population, while the other islands are used entirely for economic purposes for 28% of GDP and more than 60% of the Maldives’ foreign exchange receipts. Over 90% of government opment of tourism has fostered the overall growth of the country’s economy. It has created direct and ind tries. The first tourist resorts were opened in 1972 with Bandos island resort and Kurumba Village. According to the Ministry of Tourism website,the emergence of tourism in 1972 transformed the econo tor to the tourism sector. Just in three and a halfA dhoni without lateen has become the main source of inc decades, the industry sails. try’s biggest foreign currency earner and the single largest contributor to the GDP. Today, there are 89 re class facilities for tourists whose annual arrival figure exceeds 600,000. [25] The mechanization of the traditional fishing boat calle The report published in Dhivehi language, mentions that the number of resorts have increased from 2 fish canning plant was installed in the island of Felivaru tourists have visited Maldives. [26] the government on policy guidelines for the overall devel incorporated into the school curriculum. Fish aggregatin Fishing industry Zone (EEZ) of the Maldives for fisheries has further enha For many centuries the Maldivian economy was entirely dependent on fishing and other marine products. Today, fisheries contribute over fifteen percent of the special priority to the development of the fisheries sector. earner after tourism.
6
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Maldives
Military of Maldives
The Maldives National Defence Force (MNDF) is a comb sponsible for attending to all internal and external secur The MNDF component branches are the Coast Guard, Services.
Coast Guard
Maldives rudder fish (kyphosus cinerascens)
As a water-bound nation much of the security concerns l 120 km, with the largest island being not more than 8 km against foreign intruders poaching in the EEZ and territo Coast Guard that plays a vital role. To provide timely sec Coast Guard is also assigned to respond to the maritim ducted regularly on an annual basis for familiarization an Coast Guards also undertake armed sea transport of t
Agriculture and Cottage industries
Agriculture and manufacturing continue to play a lesser role in the economy, constrained by the limited a foods must be imported. Industry, which consistsSince 1996, the Maldives has been the official and handic mainly of garment production, boat building, progress m Commission but has not applied for membership. The int gave a major boost to the country’s fledgling traditional cottage industries such as mat weaving, lacquer and environmental preservation, and its bottling forge c emerged include printing, production of PVC pipes, brick making, marine engine repairs, desire to of aera for Regional Cooperation, SAARC, and as former protect Maldives enjoys close ties with Seychelles and Mauritius isation of Islamic Conference. The Maldives has refused ish See also: Evolution of the Judiciary in the Maldives Indian Ocean Territory, pointing out that under inter As a Republic the Constitution came into force in 1968 by a (and amended in 1970, 1972, and 1975) has b ident Gayoom on 27 November 1997. This Constitution came into force on 1 January 1998. All stated that Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and the Police of the Maldives. Under Intense pressure from th See also: Dhivehi language, Dhivehi Writing Systems, Isl the power of judiciary was separated from the head of state. Maldivian culture is derived from a number of sources, t According to the constitution of Maldives, "The judges are independent, and subject only to the constit The official and common language is Dhivehi, an Indo law is silent, judges must consider Islamic Shari’ah." Dhivehicore of the judiciary, who oversee the in historica The independent Judicial Services Commission is the is Eveyla akuru script which is found appointme hold their own codes of conduct. Currently in an day written script is called Thaana the president other m interim stage, one is appointed by and is written from ri creasingly as the medium of instruction in government sc judge, lower court judge and a supreme court member. Contradiction in the commission’s makeup, which The language is commission. though the Supreme Court must be composed with the advice of theof Indic Sanskritic origin, which point the past has the origin there. given that of eight interim m There has been raised concerns over the independence of its commission, Possibly these ancient kings brought appointed to the by President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom under the previous constitution, of them two were Buddhism from t able that the ancient Maldive royals and Buddhism came The Supreme Court of Maldives is headed by a Chief Justice, who is the head of judiciary. Right now at Parliament. The interim court will sit until a new icles of Sri Lanka would have failed to mention the Mald permanent Supreme Court is nominated under the const After the long of Maldives, therefore three justice is a constitution requires an uneven number rulings in the High Court Buddhist[28] period of Maldivian history Sufism can be seen in the history of the country such as clude a ’minority report’. They can General is appointed, who is old mosques of t As part of the newly independent judiciary a Prosecutorbeen seen today, next to someresponsible for in vestigations are being conducted and have a say called Maulūdu, the liturgy of which included recitations in criminal prosecutions, duties previously held by the A tents specially built for the occasion. However by the Pr tions, lodge appeals and review existing cases. The Prosecutor General of Maldives is appointedat present Since the Development Programme (UNDP), underta The Maldives have, in cooperation with the United Nations12th century AD there are also influences fr location as a crossroads in the central Indian Ocean. ize the proceedings of criminal justice in this tiny nation to one of the most comprehensive modern crimin In the island culture there are a few elements of Afric parliament. There are islands like with popular Maalhos of the people Meanwhile, Islam remains the only official religion of The Maldives Feridhu and support in Northern slaves.[16] such actions are liable to prosecution under the law of the country. According to the revised constitution,
The Indian Ocean Commission
Judiciary
Language and culture
Article nine says that "a non-Muslim may not become a citizen of the Maldives"; number ten says that "no Allegations of Racism in is not expressly prohi nineteen states that "citizens are free to participate in or carry out any activity thatthe Maldives The nation of Maldives has been accused of having probl governments of the affected foreign nationals have threa
7
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Maldives
Dhivehi script Fire & Rescue Service boats.
Pre-Islamic Buddhist Stupa of Maldives, excavated in Thoddoo in the 1950s
Satellite Image of the Maldives by NASA. The southernmost Atoll of the Maldives, Addu Atoll, is not visible on the image. The Islamic Centre, housing the mosque Masjid-al-Sultan Mohammed Thakurufaanual-A’z’am
See also References
[4] http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/nov/11 [5] http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/nov/11 [6] J Hogendorn and M Johnson, The Shell Money of the Specific references: [7] Vaman Shivram Apte, Sanskrit-English Dictionary. M [1] http://www.planning.gov.mv/publications/PRELIMINARY_RESULTS_FINAL_25032006.zip [2] ^ "Maldives". International Monetary Fund. [8] Ibn Batuta, Travels in Asia and Africa. translated by http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/01/weodat [9] Akhbar al-Sin wa ’l-Hind (Notes on China and India), weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=556&s=NGDPD% http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200504/the Retrieved on 2009-04-22. Lunde [3] http://www.smartmaldives.com/maldives-island.html [10] http://www.maldivesroyalfamily.com/maldives_roma
8
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Maldives
[11] Mörner N.-A.; Laborel J., Tooley M., Dawson • Christopher, William 1836-38. Transactions of the Bom S., Allison W., Islam M.S., Laborel F., Collina J., Rufin C. Condemnation to become Flooded" (PDF). IGCP Project No. 437 Puglia 2003 - FinalMemoirs on the In • Lieut. I.A. Young & W. Christopher, Conference. http [12] http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/nov/10/maldives-climate-change • Geiger, Wilhelm. Maldivian Linguistic Studies. Reprin [13] http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/nov/10/maldives-climate-change Paradise almost lost: e • Hockly, T.W. The Two Thousand Isles. Reprint 1835 M [14] http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hULNt_1Dmy3xyZGEcVABqoMh6I5Q Maldives president seeks • Hideyuki Takahashi, Maldivian National Security –And [15] http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7944760.stm Carbon-neutral goal und Maldives. BBC. • Malten, Thomas: Malediven for Lakkadiven. Material [16] ^ Xavier Romero-Frias, The Maldive Islanders, Heidelberg, Nr. 87. Franz Steiner an Ancient Ocean K A Study of the Popular Culture of Verlag. Wiesbaden, [17] Maloney, Clarence. "Maldives People". http://www.iias.nl/iiasn/iiasn5/insouasi/maloney.html. Retrieve • Vilgon, Lars: Maldive and Minicoy Islands Bibliograph [18] "Maldives Royal Family". http://www.maldivesroyalfamily.com/maldives_proclamation_sultan.shtml. [19] ^ "Maldives Royal Family". http://www.maldivesroyalfamily.com/maldives_koimala.shtml. [20] ^ CNN. "Sinking island nation seeks new home". http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/11/ma Government [21] http://www.maldives-ethnography.com/ Maldives • http://www.presidencymaldives.gov.mv/ The Presiden [22] http://www.statoids.com/umv.html Maldives Atolls from statoids.com • (Divehi) / (English) [23] ^ Divehiraajjege Jōgrafīge Vanavaru. Muhammadu Ibrahim Lutfee http://www.maldivesinfo.gov.mv/ I • https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders [24] like Thor Heyerdah’s book The Maldive Mystery for example • https;//www.myspace.com/republics-of-maldives.com/ [25] Ministry of Tourism website;http://www.tourism.gov.mv/ ; acessed on 03rd April 2009 General Aharu’ translated to english ’Pace of Tourism, 3 [26] Report ’Fathuruverikamuge Tharaggeege Dhuveli, 35 information • Maldives ; acessed on 03rd Factbook http://tourism.gov.mv/pubs/35_years_of_tourism_final.pdfentry at The World April 2009 • http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/maldives [27] Clarence Maloney; People of the Maldive Islands • Maldives at the Open Directory Project [28] http://www.maldivesstory.com.mv/site%20files/after%20islam/latest/conversion-frames.htm Untitled • Wikimedia Atlas of Maldives [29] http://globalvoicesonline.org/2007/09/03/maldives-inhumane-treatment-of-migrant-workers/ • Maldives [30] http://www.minivannews.com/news_detail.php?id=3564 travel guide from Wikitravel • Maldives Web Directory - A web directory for the Mal General references: History and Culture • Divehiraajjege Jōgrafīge Vanavaru. Muhammadu Ibrahim Lutfee. G.Sōsanī. Malé 1999. • H. C. P. Bell, The Maldive Islands, An account • http://www.maldives-ethnography.com/ Anthropologic of the Physical Features, History, Inhabitants, Productio • the History, Archaeology and Epigraphy. Reprint Colo • H.C.P. Bell, The Maldive Islands; Monograph on http://www.maldivesculture.com/ MaldivesCulture.com • "Maldives: edn. Asian Educational Services. New Delh • H.C.P. Bell, Excerpta Maldiviana. Reprint Colombo 1922/35 Paradise soon to be lost". BBC News. 2004 Coordinates: Popular Culture of an Ancient Ocean Kingd • Xavier Romero-Frias, The Maldive Islanders, A Study of the3°12′N 73°13′E / 3.20°N 73.22°E / 3.20; 73 • Divehi Tārīkhah Au Alikameh. Divehi Bahāi Tārikhah Khidmaiykurā Qaumī Markazu. Reprint 1958 edn
External links
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives" Categories: Maldives, Bilateral relations of the Maldives, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation member states, Organisation of the Islamic Conference, Indian Ocean atolls, Island countries, Republics, Former Portuguese colonies, Least Developed Countries, States and territories established in 1965 This page was last modified on 19 May 2009, at 14:45 (UTC). All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) taxdeductible nonprofit charity. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers
9