Northwest_Airlines

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Northwest Airlines

Northwest Airlines
Northwest Airlines

IATA NW

ICAO NWA

Callsign NORTHWEST 1926 (as Northwest Airways) • Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport • Memphis International Airport • Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport • Amsterdam Airport Schiphol • Narita International Airport • Seattle-Tacoma International Airport WorldPerks WorldClubs SkyTeam 315 (+25 orders, 50 options) 254 Delta Air Lines Now You’re Flying Smart. Eagan, Minnesota, United States Ed Bastian (President/CEO)

Founded Hubs

Focus cities Frequent flyer program Member lounge Alliance Fleet size Destinations Parent company Company slogan Headquarters Key people

Website: nwa.com

Northwest Airlines, Inc. (often abbreviated NWA), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Delta Air Lines, Inc., is a major United States[1] airline headquartered in Eagan, Minnesota,[2] near Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport in the United States. Northwest has

three major hubs in the United States: Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport, and Memphis International Airport. Northwest also operates flights from a hub in Asia at Narita International Airport near Tokyo and also operates transatlantic flights in cooperation with partner KLM from Schiphol Airport in Amsterdam. Additionally, it maintains focus city operations at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport. As of 2006 Northwest was the world’s sixth largest airline in terms of domestic and international scheduled passenger miles flown and the U.S.’s sixth largest airline in terms of domestic passenger miles flown.[3] In addition to operating one of the largest domestic route networks in the U.S., Northwest carries more passengers across the Pacific Ocean (5.1 million in 2004) than any other U.S. carrier, and carries more domestic air cargo than any other American passenger airline.[4] It is the only U.S. combination carrier (passenger and cargo service) operating dedicated Boeing 747 freighters. The airline, along with its then-parent company, Northwest Airlines Corporation and subsidiaries, operated under Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection which, in the United States, allows continued operation during the reorganization effort, not cessation of flights as in the case in some countries. Northwest emerged from bankruptcy protection on May 31, 2007. Northwest Airlines’ regional flights are operated under the name Northwest Airlink by Mesaba Airlines, Pinnacle Airlines, and Compass Airlines. Northwest Airlines is currently a minority owner of Midwest Airlines, holding a 40% stake in the company.[5] Its frequent flyer program is called WorldPerks. Northwest Airlines’ tagline is "Now you’re flying smart." On April 14, 2008, Northwest announced it would be merging with Delta Air Lines. The merger closed on October 29, 2008, making Delta the largest airline in the world.[6] However, Northwest will continue to operate as an independent carrier (as a Delta Air Lines subsidiary) for several months until the

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
operating certificates and other factors are combined. In February 2009, the airline began consolidating gates and tickets counters at airports where both Delta and Northwest Airlines operate. The rebranding will include the changing of "Northwest" signs to "Delta" signs. The integration is expected to continue throughout this year and into early 2010.[7] The airline’s hubs in Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, and Memphis were rebranded as of March 31, 2009.[8][9][10]

Northwest Airlines
Charles and Anne Lindbergh on a pioneering flight to Japan, scouting what would become known as the Northwest Airlines Great Circle route, and proving that flying through Alaska could save as much as 2,000 miles (3,000 km) on a New York-Tokyo route. In 1933, Northwest was designated to fly the Northern Transcontinental Route from New York City to Seattle, Washington; it adopted the name Northwest Airlines the following year as a result of the Air Mail Scandal. Northwest stock began to be publicly traded in 1941.

History
Beginnings
Northwest Airlines was founded on September 1, 1926 by Colonel Lewis Brittin, under the name Northwest Airways, a reference to the historical name for the Midwestern United States that derived from the Northwest Territory. Like other early airlines, Northwest’s focus was not in hauling passengers, but in flying mail for the U.S. Post Office Department.[11] The fledgling airline established a mail route between Minneapolis and Chicago, using open cockpit biplanes such as the Curtiss Oriole.

A Northwest Airlines Inc DC-3 During World War II, Northwest joined the war effort by flying military equipment and personnel from the continental United States to Alaska. During this time, Northwest began painting their aircraft tails red, as a visual aid in the often harsh weather conditions. This experience with the severe northern climate led the government to designate Northwest as the United States’ main North Pacific carrier following the war. In the spring of 1947 Northwest began staffing its Tokyo base with company personnel, flying them on the Great Circle route in twin-engine Douglas DC-3 aircraft. On July 15, 1947, Northwest became the first airline to fly a commercial passenger flight from the U.S. to Japan,[12] using The Manila, a Douglas DC-4 aircraft. The flight originated at Wold-Chamberlain Field (the predecessor of today’s Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport), and made its way to Tokyo by way of Edmonton, Anchorage, and Shemya in the Aleutian Islands. From Tokyo, the flight continued to Seoul, Shanghai, and Manila. Taipei replaced Shanghai after the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949. With its new routes, the airline re-branded itself as Northwest Orient Airlines, although the legal

1920s roundel logo Northwest began flying passengers in 1927. In 1928, the airline started its first international route with service to Winnipeg, Canada. The airline’s operations were expanded to smaller cities in the region by the end of the decade. In 1931 Northwest sponsored

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
name of the company remained Northwest Airlines.

Northwest Airlines

Global expansion
On August 1, 1949, Northwest took delivery of its first double-deck Boeing 377 Stratocruisers, which allowed the airline to establish higher service standards and reduce flight time. They were used to fly the Tokyo route nonstop from Seattle, and – with one stop in Anchorage – from Chicago. In 1951, Northwest helped establish Japan Airlines by leasing its aircraft and crew to the new company. In 1952, under the U.S.-Japan bilateral aviation treaty, Northwest and Pan American were the two U.S. flag carriers awarded rights to fly not only from the U.S. to Japan, but to pick up and carry passengers beyond Japan. Northwest remains the largest nonJapanese carrier at Tokyo’s Narita Airport, with flights to several cities in Asia including Seoul, Busan, Manila, Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Bangkok, Singapore, Saipan and Guam.

Boeing 747-151 of Northwest Orient at London Gatwick Airport Asia. In August 1960, Northwest retired the last Boeing 377 Stratocruiser. The airline took delivery of the Boeing 720B in 1961, and in 1963, with the new Boeing 707, and the retirement of the last propeller aircraft, Northwest became the first U.S. airline with an all-turbofan jet fleet, hence the slogan "Northwest Orient: The Fan-Jet Airline." Northwest began operating the Boeing 727-151 in 1964. Northwest took delivery of its first Boeing 747-151 aircraft in 1970. The airline began retiring the older Boeing 707s, and using the newer 747s on high-density domestic routes, where the 727 lacked sufficient capacity. In 1975 Northwest was headquartered on the grounds of Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport.[14]

Merger with Republic and the 1990s
A Northwest Airlines McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30. Northwest was the last major airline to operate the DC-10 when it was retired on January 8, 2007. Northwest meteorologists pioneered the first clear-air turbulence forecasting system in 1957, important since the airline flew many northern routes over turbulence-prone mountain areas. Northwest remains a leader in turbulence prediction, providing TPAWS (turbulence prediction and warning services) to other airlines.[13] On June 1, 1959, Northwest took delivery of its first turboprop jet aircraft, the Lockheed L-188 Electra. On 8 July 1960, Northwest put the Douglas DC-8 into service, offering the shortest flight times on routes to After airline deregulation, Northwest began nonstop flights to other Asian cities, returned to China in 1984 after a 34 year hiatus, and gradually strengthened its presence in the southern United States. It also began flying to the United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, and Scandinavia. On October 1, 1986, in response to United Airlines purchase of the Pacific routes of Pan American Airlines, and in order to provide the domestic feed it required to compete effectively, Northwest merged with Minneapolis-St. Paul-based Republic Airlines. NWA then adopted its threehub network centered around MinneapolisSt. Paul, Detroit, and Memphis. Northwest dropped the word Orient from its brand name after the merger.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In 1989, Northwest introduced a new identity designed by Landor Associates superseding the 1970 logo and livery, which had been used since 1986, minus the word "Orient." A new livery, nicknamed the "bowling shoe" by employees, featuring colors of red, white, gray, and blue, was adopted at the same time. 1989 also saw major changes in ownership at the airline. Northwest was purchased in a 1989 leveraged buyout by an investment group headed by Al Checchi, Fred Malek and Gary Wilson, with KLM, and many others. To pay off the debt incurred in their takeover, the new management sold many of the airline’s aircraft to leasing companies, and sold property around the world, including land in central Tokyo. The expense of the buyout was so great that in 1993, following several years of losses due to industry overcapacity and a traffic downturn following the Gulf War, Northwest threatened bankruptcy unless its employee groups agreed to three years of wage cuts. After signing the concessionary agreements, Northwest made its first profit since 1989.

Northwest Airlines
the Northwest/KLM alliance remains important: it has antitrust immunity, whereas the broader SkyTeam alliance merely has codesharing privileges.) Northwest gradually pulled out of its minor European destinations and once more focused its attention on the domestic and Asian markets. On May 1, 1996, Northwest began the first nonstop service from the U.S. to China, on the Detroit-Beijing route. Nonstop Detroit-Shanghai service followed in April 2000. Later, these nonstop services were suspended in 2002 due to the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Northwest currently serves these routes via Tokyo. The airline sought government approval to restore nonstop Detroit-Shanghai service in March 2007 but lost its bid to United’s Washington Dulles-Beijing route; however, Northwest recently received tentative authority to restart nonstop Detroit-Shanghai service starting March 25, 2009. Throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s, Northwest enjoyed profits and focused on improving technology to increase convenience while reducing costs. The airline has offered airport self-service check-in kiosks since 1997, and has more than any other airline. Northwest was also the first large U.S. airline to offer passengers Internet check-in, with service from December 2000. During the early 2000s, Northwest Airlines acquired a reputation of refusing to adopt industry-wide fare increases that had been accepted by other United States airlines. This changed in March 2005, when Northwest adopted fare hikes in response to rising oil prices.

Detroit blizzard, stranded passengers

NW/KLM service mark, 1993-2003 Also in 1993, Northwest began its strategic alliance with KLM, which was the largest airline partnership ever conceived at the time. This partnership eventually became the Wings Alliance. However, the alliance never grew beyond the two airlines, and is now obsolete from a passenger’s perspective, because both airlines are part of the larger SkyTeam Alliance. (From a legal perspective,

NWA logo, 1989-2003 On January 2, 1999, a heavy winter storm hit Northwest’s hub in Detroit, seriously affecting flight operations. The blizzard dumped eighteen inches of snow on the airport, setting off a chain of events, caused by

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
both human and environmental factors. Before it was over, some passengers had been stuck on board grounded aircraft up to 8.5 hours. Poor communication between Northwest, Wayne County (operators of the airport), and air traffic control resulted in arriving flights continuing to land despite deteriorating conditions. With area roads impassable, the majority of airport employees were not able to report to work. Snowdrifts covered the ramp, taxiways and runways. Aircraft parked overnight could not be moved away from the gate due to the snow accumulation, and arriving flights had nowhere to go. Many passengers were thereby trapped on board, and unable to disembark for many hours. Eventually employees working through the storm were able to begin the slow process of clearing snow, move aircraft off unused gates, and allowing the inbound flights to park. An official inquiry found "... [the delays] were serious and indicate that this event had important implications for passenger safety. Moreover, even if the well-being of passengers had not been an issue, the review team believes that the stranding of passengers on aircraft queued on taxiways for up to 8½ hours invites more serious problems and is simply unacceptable. None of the other airlines serving Detroit experienced ground delays approaching the magnitude of Northwest’s delays."[15] Subsequently, passengers brought various legal claims against the carrier including false imprisonment and negligence and obtained a $1.7 million settlement.[16] The problem of passengers stranded on aircraft during bad weather is a common problem among many U.S. airlines. This problem is exacerbated by the shortage of gates at some airports, the reluctance of airlines to ask other airlines for temporary gate use, other airlines not allowing the use of their gates, and reluctance of airlines to use stairs to disembark passengers. In late 2006 and early 2007, similar well-publicized incidents have occurred on other airlines, namely American Airlines in Dallas/Fort Worth and JetBlue in New York. However, the above mentioned Northwest incident is noteworthy because of the large monetary settlement.

Northwest Airlines

747-251B in the "Bowling Shoe" livery. This livery was used from 1989 until 2003. Due to the effects of competition from lowcost carriers such as Southwest Airlines and increased labor costs resulting from a new contract with employees represented by the Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association (AMFA) labor union, Northwest began to make cutbacks in early 2001. Two small rounds of employee layoffs and other cutbacks were implemented in the months prior to the September 11 terrorist attacks. Following the attacks, Northwest was forced to make dramatic changes to its business structure through major employee layoffs and other cost cutting measures. The retirement of costly and aging aircraft such as the Boeing 727 and McDonnell Douglas DC-10-40 were accelerated as new aircraft went into service. In addition, the airline pursued options to reduce costs across the board, including removing pillows, peanuts, pretzels, in-flight entertainment on domestic flights, and newspapers and magazines. Also, over 50 McDonnell Douglas DC-9, Boeing 757, Boeing 747, and Airbus A320 family aircraft were withdrawn from use in an attempt to lower overall capacity and save money. Some of these aircraft have since been returned to service. Following many years of a pioneering and close partnership with KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, Northwest, along with partners KLM and Continental Airlines, joined the SkyTeam, an airline alliance of ten airlines from around the world, on 15 September 2004. This was partially a result of Air France acquiring KLM, forming the Air France-KLM group. The airline continued to hemorrhage money, however. In the spring of 2005, a media spectacle occurred when the news leaked that top executives in the company had been selling much of their stock. Subsequently, shareholders filed lawsuits against four top officials for insider trading, including Chairman Gary Wilson, CEO Doug

September 11, 2001 aftermath and beyond
5

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Steenland, former director Al Checchi and former CFO Bernie Han. Despite far-reaching money saving initiatives, Northwest was forced to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection for the first time in its 79-year history. The filing took place in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York on 14 September 2005. With Northwest’s filing, four of the six largest U.S. carriers were operating under bankruptcy protection. Northwest joined Delta Air Lines (which filed just minutes before), United Airlines, and US Airways in bankruptcy. All four of these carriers have since emerged from bankruptcy protection. Northwest common stock shares dropped more than 50% for the second time in three days following the news, largely because stock is generally canceled as part of the bankruptcy process. In the following weeks, Northwest Airlink carriers Mesaba Airlines and Pinnacle Airlines both announced that Northwest had missed payments to them for their Airlink flying. Northwest also announced plans to shrink its Airlink fleet by over 45 aircraft. Mesaba Aviation filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy on October 13, 2005. However, Northwest recently announced that it would once again increase capacity.

Northwest Airlines
who made large concessions will demand higher pay.[17] On July 16, 2007, Northwest Airlines applied to the United States Department of Transportation for nonstop service between its WorldGateway hub at Detroit to Shanghai (beginning in 2007 on Boeing 747-400s) and to Beijing (beginning in 2009 on Boeing 787 Dreamliners). The airline faced off against Delta Air Lines (who proposed Atlanta to Shanghai and Beijing), American Airlines (Chicago/O’Hare-Beijing), Continental Airlines (Newark-Shanghai), US Airways (Philadelphia-Beijing), United Airlines (Los Angeles-Shanghai and San Francisco-Guangzhou), and MAXjet (Seattle-Shanghai) in the route competition. On August 12, 2007, Northwest Airlines became a possible passive investor in the purchase of Midwest Airlines by TPG Capital. They stated that while they are an investor, they will not participate in any management or control of Midwest Airlines.[18] However, on August 14, 2007, AirTran Airways raised their offer for Midwest to $16.25 a share, 25 cents more than the TPG offer.[19] But soon after on August 17, 2007, TPG Capital raised their offer to $17.00 a share which sealed the deal. Northwest Airlines became a minority owner of Midwest Airlines in the fourth quarter of 2007.[5] On September 25, 2007, Northwest Airlines received DOT approval to begin service to Shanghai from their Detroit hub beginning March 25, 2009. American, Continental, Delta, and US Airways also received new or additional China route authority to Shanghai or Beijing, and United received authority to serve Guangzhou.

Merger with Delta Air Lines
A Northwest Airlines A319 on landing. Northwest announced that on May 18, 2007 that shares of the company would begin to be traded on the NYSE under the ticker NWA. Initial trading on a "when-issued" basis began on May 21, 2007, and regular trading began on May 31, 2007. Also on May 18, 2007, Northwest Airlines was cleared by a federal bankruptcy judge to emerge from Chapter 11 Bankruptcy protection on May 31, 2007. It ended Northwest’s 20 months of difficulty trying to slash costs, although it will still likely be an uphill battle, as labor unions In early 2008 reports circulated about merger talks between Northwest and its SkyTeam alliance partner Delta Air Lines. The merger would transform both airlines because of vastly different aircraft fleets and hubs located very close together, making many expensive changes necessary for the future airline. On April 4, 2008, in an announcement seemingly unrelated to the ongoing merger talks, Northwest CEO Douglas Steenland announced revenue enhancements and capacity reductions in response to the extremely high

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
fuel prices. About 15-20 aircraft were to be removed from the fleet.[20] On April 11, 2008, pilot labor unions at both airlines struck an agreement giving the green light for a merger.[21][22] Both airlines announced their merger on April 14, 2008. The combined airline, which will be the world’s largest, will retain the Delta name.[23] Northwest Airlines shareholders approved the deal on September 25, 2008.[24] On October 29, 2008, The United States Department of Justice approved the merger between Delta Air Lines and Northwest, creating the world’s largest passenger airline.[25]

Northwest Airlines
than the original declined by the union, which would have saved over 2,000 jobs and offered 16 weeks of severance pay. On October 20, 2005, AMFA announced that it would not allow its members to vote on the offer, citing that parts of the contract would violate the union’s commitment to its members. Finally, in late December 2005, Northwest made what it termed its "final offer" to the union. The agreement would have terminated all striking workers and given them rights to unemployment compensation. The union voted down the offer. On October 9, 2006, AMFA leadership and Northwest reached an agreement.[26] Under the settlement, all AMFA workers still on strike as of that date will be converted to lay-off status with 5 weeks of severance pay (10 weeks if they resign from Northwest). However, these employees will have a right of recall to their old jobs. Approval of the settlement was[27] on 6 November 2006. On May 30, 2007, it was announced that the flight attendants narrowly agreed to concessions and became the last major work group at Northwest to agree to new contract terms. The deal was approved by a vote of 2,966 to 2,862. Union leaders said that 90.5 percent of eligible voters cast ballots. The new contract provides Northwest with $195 million in annual cuts through 2011. Negotiations with attendants had been ongoing and contentious for several years. The flight attendants were unable to strike during negotiations because of a court injunction and the refusal of the mediation board to release them from bargaining which would have allowed the setting of a strike deadline. The attendants had been working under imposed pay cuts and work rules since July 2006 when a previous tentative agreement was rejected by 55 percent of the voting members. Prior to the May 2007 agreement, union leaders had expressed concern that the defeat of the agreement could prompt the National Mediation Board to recess talks indefinitely resulting in the loss of a $182 million bankruptcy claim the attendants had against Northwest. With the new agreement, the $182 million claim will eventually be sold for cash with an estimated pre-tax value of $15,000 to $18,000 per flight attendant. Other labor unions at Northwest received similar claims as part of their concessionary agreements.

Labor relations
A recurring issue in Northwest’s history is its troubled labor relations. In 1998, Northwest walked away from the bargaining table, locked out its pilots (represented by ALPA) and shut down the airline for more than two weeks. The airline sustained heavy losses as a result, and ended 1998 in the red, after being profitable since 1993.

A Northwest Airlines 757-351. On August 20, 2005, after months of negotiations, an impasse declared by the NMB and a 30-day cooling off period, the over 4,750 Northwest aircraft mechanics, janitors, and aircraft cleaners represented by AMFA went on strike against the company. After numerous negotiation sessions, no agreement was reached, and the company began hiring permanent replacement workers. In midOctober, after permanently hiring about 500 non-union workers, Northwest made a final offer to the union. The offer would have saved only 500 union jobs and offered a mere four weeks of severance pay to terminated employees. This offer was significantly worse

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Previous to the recent agreements, Northwest provided employees with stock in exchange for concessions. For example, In 1993 Northwest’s pilots, ground workers and flight attendants received stock and seats on the board of directors in exchange for pay cuts. As part of the agreement, Northwest was supposed to buy back these preferred shares in 2003 but refused to do so citing financial distress. Flight attendants, ground workers and mechanics still holding those preferred shares will now get shares of new Northwest stock (estimated at a combined value of $277 million). In the summer of 2007 Northwest also had labor conflict with its pilots, over the large number of end of the month flight cancellations. The pilots claim that Northwest did not have the pilots to fly its schedule; Northwest accused the pilots of calling in sick to create the problem. This was resolved with a new agreement with ALPA in August 2007 in which pilots will be compensated for overtime. Northwest has also since begun hiring of new pilots to alleviate the pilot shortages they have faced throughout the summer of 2007.

Northwest Airlines
Northwest has concentrated on flights to and from its hubs. In 1991, it began service to Australia, which had been abandoned by Continental a few years earlier after United and Qantas began non-stop flights to the continental U.S. using the newly introduced, long range 747-400, which Continental did not operate. Northwest routed its SydneyNew York flight through Osaka, which raised Japanese protest because less than 30% of passengers on the Australia-Japan segment were originating in the U.S.[28] In the mid-1980s, Northwest operated the only U.S. flag carrier service to Glasgow, Oslo, and Stockholm, as well as service to Copenhagen. However, this was later withdrawn after several years. From 2000 Northwest operated flights to Milan and Rome, both were later withdrawn (from 2003 to 2005 Rome was served only during the summer season). From 1996 until 2002, Northwest operated nonstop flights from its Detroit hub to Beijing and Shanghai. Eventually, these routes were suspended. Northwest currently operates these routes from Detroit with a connection at its Tokyo-Narita hub. However, on July 16, 2007, Northwest re-applied with the US Department of Transportation for nonstop service between Detroit and both Beijing and Shanghai.[29] On September 25, 2007, the US Department of Transportation tentatively awarded authority to Northwest for a new Detroit to Shanghai (Pudong) route effective beginning March 25, 2009. The route will be flown using the Boeing 747-400 until the Boeing 787 Dreamliner aircraft becomes available. In 2008, Northwest was one of several U.S. airlines to receive permission from the British government to fly into Heathrow Airport in London after previously having to use Gatwick Airport. Northwest began service to Heathrow from its hubs in Minneapolis and Detroit, as well as starting Seattle-London service. However, after being acquired by Delta in 2008, the Seattle route was scheduled to end in January 2009 so the Heathrow landing slot and aircraft used could be redeployed to a more profitable route.[30] Northwest Airlines also serves more Canadian cities than any other US carrier including Calgary, Edmonton, Kitchener/Waterloo, London (ON), Montreal Trudeau, Ottawa, Quebec City, Regina, Saskatoon, Thunder Bay, Toronto Pearson, Vancouver, and

Destinations
Further information: destinations Northwest Airlines

Airbus A330-300 Northwest primarily operates a hub and spoke route system with hubs in Amsterdam, Detroit, Memphis, Minneapolis/St. Paul, and Tokyo. The Amsterdam hub primarily consists of service from the U.S. to that city with beyond flights operated by KLM. It operates a few routes outside the hub system, such as Honolulu. Indianapolis is served as a focus city with much, but not all, of the added service to non-hub cities through Northwest Airlink flights along with Seattle.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Winnipeg. Seasonal service is also offered to smaller Canadian cities.

Northwest Airlines
The first Airbus A330-300, used on European flights, arrived on August 6, 2003. Northwest also operates the longer range and slightly shorter A330-200 on some trans-Pacific markets, within the Far East, and on some transatlantic routes. The majority of Northwest Airlines flights to and from Europe are operated by the Airbus A330; Northwest is the largest operator of the type in the world.[35] The airline also offers the youngest transatlantic fleet of any North American or European airline. Northwest Airlines also began operating reconfigured Boeing 757-200 aircraft for European flights with fewer passengers. Northwest is one of only two passenger airlines in the United States to operate the Boeing 747-400, with the other being United Airlines. There are several cargo airlines in the United States operating the Boeing 747. In the future, Northwest is looking for manufacturers to discuss the replacement of their 100 and 125 seat McDonnell Douglas DC-9 aircraft, with an average age of 35 years.[36][37] It is possible that they might order aircraft from the Embraer 195 or the Airbus A320 families.[38] Although narrow-body aircraft may be a possible replacement, many industry analysts see that Northwest Airlines will purchase regional jets in an effort to save the airline money (as Regional Jet pilots and crew are paid less than narrow-body pilots and crew).[39] In January 2008, Northwest advised its pilots that the airline plans to cut its fleet of 92 DC-9s to 68 by the end of 2008. Northwest stated that pilot jobs will not be reduced, as they are hiring approximately 200-250 pilots by the end of the year.[40] On April 23, 2008, due to soaring fuel costs from $1.85 in the 1st quarter of 2007 to $2.77 in the 1st quarter of 2008, Northwest announced that an additional 15 to 20 aircraft will be removed from its fleet by the end of 2008. The grounded aircraft are expected to include about 10 more DC9s, with the balance of the 15 to 20 being a mix of 10 757s & 4 A320s. The Northwest Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft as of September 2008.[41] Northwest Airlines has an average fleet age of 18.5 years as of the end of 2007.[42] Northwest Airlines’ Boeing customer code is "51". As part of the merger with Delta aircraft are being repainted in Delta colors.

New routes
Northwest Airlines will begin service from the following cities to their listed destinations beginning on the listed date. Some routes listed below may already be operated by Northwest Airlines, or their regional affiliates, Compass, Mesaba, or Pinnacle Airlines, from other destinations.

Detroit (DTW)
• Shanghai-Pudong, P. R. China (PVG) begins June 3, 2009[31] • Rome, Italy (FCO) begins June 4, 2009[32]

Memphis (MEM)
• Dallas, TX (DAL) begins July 6, 2009

Tokyo-Narita (NRT)[33]
• Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (SGN) begins June 1, 2009 • Salt Lake City, UT (SLC) begins June 4, 2009

Minneapolis/St.Paul (MSP)
• Reno, NV (RNO) seasonal; begins June 6, 2009.

Seattle/Tacoma (SEA)
• Beijing, China (PEK) begins March 25, 2010[34]

Fleet

A Northwest Airbus A320 in the newest livery Northwest is in the midst of a major fleet renewal program. As part of this program, Northwest introduced a simplified new paint scheme and logo in 2003. The airline has replaced its McDonnell Douglas DC-10 aircraft with the Airbus A330 and will eventually introduce the new Boeing 787 into their fleet.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Northwest Airlines Fleet Boeing 46 757-200 Total Orders Options Passengers Routes
(First*/ Economy)

Northwest Airlines
0 Notes 0

5500 series

Aircraft

182 (22/160)
5600 Series (Domestic)

Airbus A319-100

124 (16/108)

Airbus A320-200

Airbus A330-200

Airbus A330-300

Boeing 747-200 Boeing 747-200F

2 10

0 0

Domestic 7 converted short-medito 54-seat um haul Executive United Class for States, VIP Canada, Charters Mexico Boeing 16 0 0 Domestic Domestic 757-300 148 (16/132) short-mediInternational um haul 144 (12/132) United States, Canada, Mexico Boeing 0 18 50 243 (32/211) International 787-8 medium-long haul Transatlantic, transpacific, intra-Asia, India McDonnell 32 0 0 298 (34/264) International Douglas medium-long DC-9-30 haul Transatlantic, transpacific, McDonnell 8 0 0 MSPDouglas Honolulu DC-9-40 430 (30/400) Domestic, Only for International Charter use

184 (22/162)
5600 Series (Intra-Asia)

182 (20/162)
5600 Series (Transatlantic)

D t s u N i t i

160 (16/144) 224 (24/200)

D m h N i w H

200 (48/152)

I l

100 (16/84)

D s U S C

110 (16/94)

freight only Domestic, In- Operated McDonnell 34 0 0 125 (16/109) ternational by NWA Douglas medium-long Cargo diviDC-9-50 haul sion (which United will beStates, come part 315 50 Total transpacific, 25 Delta of Netherlands Cargo [3]) *First Class is offered on most domestic flights. World All aircraft Business Class is offered on transatlantic/transpacific to flights. be retired by the end of 2009

D s U S C

Boeing 747-400

Retired 403 (65/338) International Launch long haul customer Northwest Airlines Retired Fleet Transatlantic Aircraft Year Replacement Notes and Retired transpacific

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Boeing 727-100 Boeing 727-200 Boeing 747-100 Boeing 747-200 1991 2003 2000 2007 McDonnell Douglas DC-9 Airbus A320 Family Boeing 747-400 Airbus A330 Family Airbus A320 Family Airbus A320 Family

Northwest Airlines

McDonnell 2005 Douglas DC-9-10 McDonnell 1999 Douglas MD-80

Cargo hub will be shut down by the end of 2009.[44] As of early 2008, NWA’s largest cargo client is DHL International. In December 2007, NWA announced that DHL International would terminate its cargo agreement with the airline effective late 2008. According to NWA Chief Financial Officer Dave Davis, the 2 retained loss of its largest cargo client will bring signifor charter ficant changes to the division.[45] use Further changes to the NWA Cargo division will continue into 2009 as it is merged into the Delta Cargo service. [5]

Acquired during merger with ReWorld Business Class public Airlines World Business Class is the equivalent of business class on Northwest Airlines’ internaMcDonnell 2007 Airbus A330 Sold to ATA tional flights. It is currently available on AirDouglas Family Airlines and A330, Boeing 747-400, and trans-Atlantic bus DC-10-30 Omni AirBoeing 757-200 aircraft. On Airbus A330 and International Boeing 747-400 aircraft, seats have 60 inches of pitch and 176 degrees of recline. On transMcDonnell 2002 Boeing Atlantic Boeing 757-200 aircraft, seats have Douglas 757-300 60 inches of pitch and 150 degrees of recline. DC-10-40 Passengers aboard this class receive free meals and refreshments, including alcoholic beverages. All seats are equipped with AudioVideo-On-Demand (AVOD), universal powerports, a moveable reading light, a folding work table, and a swivel cocktail table. The World Business Class cabin is used on domestic flights between Honolulu International Airport and Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport following the retirement of the remaining Northwest McDonnell Douglas DC-10 aircraft, and the uptake of Airbus A Northwest Airlines Cargo Boeing 747 at Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport A330-300 aircraft for the route. in Alaska

Cabin

NWA Cargo

As of 2006, Northwest Airlines Cargo is the largest cargo carrier among U.S. combination passenger and cargo airlines. NWA Cargo’s fleet of dedicated Boeing 747 freighter aircraft fly from some key cities the United States and East Asia as well as Amsterdam [4] connecting with the carrier’s cargo hub in Anchorage, Alaska (Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport), facilitating the quick transfer of cargo between large cities on both sides of the Pacific. NWA Cargo also transports freight aboard the passenger fleet of Northwest Airlines to more than 250 cities worldwide. Delta announced that the NWA

Domestic First Class

Typical dinner served in Domestic First Class

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Domestic First Class is offered on domestic flights. It is available on Airbus A319, A320, Boeing 757-200 (Domestic), 757-300 and McDonnell Douglas DC-9 aircraft as well as onboard CRJ-900 Northwest Airlink flights operated by Mesaba Airlines and EMB-175 flights operated by Compass Airlines. Seats range from 19.5 to 21.5 inches wide, and have between 34 and 37 inches of pitch. Passengers aboard this class receive free meals, refreshments, and alcohol. On flights between Honolulu International Airport and Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport passengers experience the same cabin as international World Business Class as Northwest operates the Airbus A330-300 aircraft on this route following the retirement of all their remaining McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 aircraft.

Northwest Airlines
free refreshments. Additionally, snack boxes, sandwiches (on select flights), and light snacks may be purchased as part of a buy on board program. Alcoholic beverages may be purchased for $5.00.[46] Before 2008, Northwest Airlines was the only major U.S. airline (aside from low-cost, short-haul Southwest Airlines, Allegiant Air and Spirit Airlines) to not offer any in-flight entertainment within North America (including Alaska). Although several of the airlines domestic aircraft were originally equipped with in-flight entertainment systems, these were removed in 2005 to cut costs. US Airways implemented a similar initiatve in 2008. However, on flights to Hawaii, audio and video programming is still available. On flights between Honolulu International Airport and Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport, passengers experience the same cabin as International Economy Class aboard Airbus A330 aircraft as Northwest no longer operates the McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 aircraft on this route, following the aircraft’s retirement.

International Economy Class
Economy Class is available on all international flights. Seats range from 17 to 17.5 inches wide, and have between 31 and 34 inches of pitch. Passengers aboard this class receive free meals, snacks, and non-alcoholic beverages. Alcoholic beverages can be purchased for $5.00, with the exception of European routes where they are free. Passengers aboard Airbus A330 aircraft also have an Audio-Video-On-Demand (AVOD) system located in the seat back in front of them, and passengers seated in rows 10-23 (A330-200) or rows 10-28 (A330-300) have a universal power-port located below their seat. On flights between Honolulu International Airport and Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport passengers experience the same cabin as International Economy Class aboard Airbus A330 aircraft (although the flight begins and ends within US territory) as Northwest no longer operates the McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 aircraft on this route, following the aircraft’s retirement. However, there is no complimentary meal service between Honolulu and Minneapolis. A selection of buy-on-board meals and snacks are available.

WorldPerks

Domestic Economy Class
Economy Class is available on all domestic flights. Seats range from 17 to 17.5 inches wide, and have between 30 and 33 inches of pitch. Passengers aboard this class receive

WorldPerks offers regular travelers the ability to obtain free tickets, First Class upgrades on flights, discounted membership for its airport lounges (WorldClubs), or other types of rewards. Customers accumulate miles from actual flight segments they fly or through Northwest’s partners, such as car rental companies, hotels, credit cards, and other vendors. WorldPerks’ elite tiers are Silver Elite, Gold Elite and Platinum elite which allow for more mileage bonus, priority wait lists and standby and other benefits. Over the years, some details of the program have changed, such as introducing capacity controlled awards (only a certain number of seats are allocated for free travel), expiration of account if no activity occurs in three years, requirement of a Saturday night stay for domestic coach awards, waiving of capacity controls for awards but requiring double the amount of miles for redemption, and adding several partner airlines for mileage accumulation and award redemption.[47] The original name of the WorldPerks program was the

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Northwest Orient Airlines Free Flight Plan, which began in 1981.[48] The original program used paper coupons and gave credit for flight segments, much like the current Southwest Airlines program. Upon renaming the program to "WorldPerks", a mileage based system was begun. In addition to its Northwest Airlink and SkyTeam alliance partnerships, Northwest offers frequent flyer partnerships with the following airlines:[49] • Air Tahiti Nui • Alaska Airlines • American Eagle
(California Routes Only)

Northwest Airlines
lounges, WorldClubs offer free alcoholic beverages in domestic locations and TokyoNarita. Northwest also offers free Wi-Fi internet access worldwide.

Locations
The following locations are Northwest Airlines WorldClub locations:

• • • •

Horizon Air Japan Airlines Jet Airways Jetstar Asia Airways
(WorldPerks Asia only)

• Cebu Pacific
(temporarily suspended)

• China Airlines • China Eastern Airlines • Garuda Indonesia
(temporarily suspended)

• Kingfisher Airlines • Malaysia Airlines • Malév Hungarian Airlines • Midwest Airlines • Thai AirAsia
(WorldPerks Asia only)

Northwest WorldClub • Chicago O’Hare
(Shared with Continental Airlines)

• Gulfstream International Airlines • Hawaiian Airlines
(Inter-Island and International Routes Only)

• • • •

Detroit (4) Honolulu Los Angeles London Heathrow
(SkyTeam Lounge opens Spring 2009)

Northwest also offers frequent flyer partnerships with the following car rental agencies:[50] • • • • • • • Alamo Rent A Car Avis Rent A Car Budget Rent A Car[51] Dollar Rent A Car Hertz Rent A Car National Car Rental Thrifty Car Rental

• Manila • Memphis • Milwaukee

• Minneapolis/ St. Paul (2) • Newark • New York La Guardia • Portland • San Francisco • Seattle/ Tacoma • Seoul-Incheon • Tokyo-Narita (2) • Washington Dulles • Washington Reagan

WorldClubs
WorldClubs is Northwest’s member lounge. Members have reciprocal access to a number of other clubs, including fellow SkyTeam carriers such as KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, Continental Airlines, Delta Air Lines, and Air France. Northwest also has partnerships with various other airline lounges on an airportby-airport basis. Unlike some other airline

Northwest Airlines WorldClub members are allowed to use partner clubs, which offer more clubs in more locations.[52] Delta announced that Northwest’s member lounge will be renamed to "Delta Sky Club" following its merger with Northwest. Signage will begin in early April and be completed by the end of 2009.[53]

Codeshare agreements
Northwest Airlines has codeshare agreements with the following airlines as of March 2009:

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• Air • Continental France Airlines • Alaska (ending Airlines October 24, • Alitalia 2009) • American • CSA Czech Eagle Airlines (California • Delta Air Routes Lines Only) • Gulfstream • China International Airlines Airlines • China • Hawaiian Southern Airlines Airlines (Inter-Island
Routes Only)

Northwest Airlines

• KLM • KLM Cityhopper • Korean Air • Malév Hungarian Airlines
(AmsterdamBudapest Only)

mile vest pro gen cau 307[56] March 7, 1950 Martin 202

• Midwest Airlines • Pinnacle Airlines

• Horizon Air • Japan Airlines

Minneapolis, Flig Minnesota sen DCPau is, a The met (6.1 cras The visu the Lake Michigan

2501

June 23, 1950

Douglas DC-4

Incidents and accidents
Fatal accidents
The following are major incidents and accidents that occurred on Northwest’s mainline aircraft. Flight 2 Date January 10, 1938 Aircraft Lockheed L-14 N/A[57] October 13, 1950 Martin 202 Almelund, Minnesota

Nor fligh The con wer able

This and righ Northwest Airlines Reported Incidents out Location 115Description [58] November Martin 202 Butte, Flig 7, 1950 Montana

4422

March 12, 1948

Douglas DC-4

421[54]

August 29, Martin 202 1948

6427[55] October 27, 1948

Douglas DC-4

go-M Fall Bozeman, Crashed in the Bridger Mountains, 12 miles (19 km) (5.0 Montana northeast of Bozeman, Montana. This was the airline the first fatal crash. Three other Lockheed Model 14 airc imp belonging to Northwest crashed over the next thirte [59] 115months. January Martin 202 Reardan, Flig 16, 1951 Washington ous Mount SanFlight 4422 was a military charter en route back to t St. ford, Alaska US from Shanghai, China and had just refueled at M Pau Field, in Anchorage, Alaska before continuing on tow whe LaGuardia Airport where the flight was to be conclud afte The aircraft veered 23 miles off course and struck a pro mountain during a snowstorm. The snowstorms quic sag buried the aircraft in a mountain glacier. the Winona, Northwest 421 was flying a scheduled domestic rout kno Minnesota from Chicago-Minneapolis-St. Paul when it crashed a 324[60] January Douglas Sandspit, Flig 4.1 miles (6.6 km) NW of Winona, Minnesota after en 19, 1952 C-54 British Tok ing the leading edge of a thunderstorm. Pieces of the Columbia ate plane were seen falling, and the plane was found on Bas bluff on the east side of the Mississippi River. The ca feat of the crash was fatigue of the left wing, causing it to San arate from the plane and precipitating the plunge abo Edmonton, Flight 6427 was on a special cargo trip flying mid Alberta Minneapolis-St. Paul-Edmonton-Anchorage (Merrill stal Field)-Tokyo when it crashed into a wooded area at t 34.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Northwest Airlines

on the plane causing the nose gear to not be able to airc retracted. cen 2 April 2, 1956

Boeing Puget 255Flight August 16,after takeoff from Seattle-Tacoma I 2 crashed McDonnellDetroit, Flig Stratocruiser Sound, national Airport on Douglasto Portland, Oregon, Chic 1987 a flight Michigan Way Washington and New York City.MD-82 The pilots ditched the aircraft in exc get Sound, 5.4 miles (8.7 km) off Seattle tem Lockheed L-188 Electra Douglas DC-7

710

March 17, 1960 July 14, 1960

1-11[61]

Cannelton, 1482[67] December Douglas Flight 710 was enroute to Miami from Chicago when Detroit, Flig Indiana aircraft lost a wing DC-9 3, 1990 at approximately 18,000 feet with Michigan nea City, Indiana. at D ters Pacific Northwest 1-11 was flying from New York City to Ma The Ocean near Philippines with stops in Seattle, Anchorage (Cold B taxi Manila, Tokyo, and Okinawa. The plane was on its final leg ger Philippines between Okinawa and Manila when the No. 2 engine but perienced power loss. The propeller then separated

104[62]

October 28, 1960

Douglas C-54

Missoula, Non-fatal accidents and Flight 104 was flying from Spokane to Missoula whe Montana incidents about 20 miles (30 km) W of Missoula in the crashed Clark Fork Valley. The plane was seen making a stee • On 24 November 1971, Northwest Airlines banking en route nose up; the plane continued rollin Flight 305 turn with from Portland and crashed inverted. The crash was International Airport to Seattle-Tacomaattributed to pi error. International Airport, was hijacked by D. Chicago, Illinois

[67] 299the plane and hit the fuselage, slashing a 15-inchInvo December Boeing 727 Detroit, ho The pilot 1990 3, decided to ditch the plane in the Pacific Oc Michigan about 77.5 miles (124.7 km) NE of Manila. Upon imp Total Casualties the rear of the plane separated as well as the engine (22right wing. The majority of survivors used the right w incidents) which floated for 3 hours as a liferaft until rescue ca

706[63]

September Lockheed 16, 1961 L-188 Electra

705[64]

February 12, 1963

Boeing 707

293[65]

June 3, 1963

Douglas DC-7

6231[66] December 1, 1974

Boeing 727

B.Flight 706 was receiving a $200,000 Cooper. After on a routine flight from Milwaukee to ransom payment and 4Chicago, Tampa, and Ft. Laude Miami, with stops in parachutes in Seattle, departing from crew to fly to plane banked to t While he ordered the Chicago, the Mexico, and jumped from the aft until hitting the groun right and gradually descended airstairs ofThe cause of the crash wasit was in the Boeing 727-051 while mechanical failure in the flight over Washington. The aircraft later ailerons landed safely in Reno, NV but Cooper’s Florida Flight 705, flying from Miami to Chicago crashed in fate remains unknown. Everglades Florida Everglades approximately 37 miles (60 km) S • In 2004, pilots mistakenly landed at Miami International Airport, while diverting to avoid Ellsworth AFB instead of the nearby Rapid weather. The cause of the crash was determined an City airport. Passengers aboard were coverable loss of control due to severe turbulence. asked to close their window shades by US Pacific Flight 293 was flying a Military Air Force security personnel.[68] Air Transport Servic Ocean (MATS) flight from Northwest Airlines • On 20 October 2007, McChord Air Force Base outside near Ancoma, Washington to Elmendorf Air Force Flight 1432 landed at Hector International Base outs nette Island, Airport in Fargo, ND with the same contact was lost. Anchorage, Alaska. While in flight, Alaska ing debris from the plane was located 182.5 miles conditions and outcome as JetBlue Flight (293.7 km) WSW International Airport 292 at Los Angeles of Annette Island. The cause of the was never determined on 21 September 2005. There were no injuries onboard.[69] Stony Point, Flight 6231 was flying on a ferry flight from John F. New York • On 20 February 2009, Northwest Airlines when it cra Kennedy International Airport to Buffalo Flight 2 vicinity of Stony Point. As the plane was cleare in the from Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Manila, theand rate of climb increased, unti climb, the airspeed Philippines (using Boeing 747-400 equipment), experienced plane stalled and descended out of control into a wo severe turbulence of the crash was due to loss of contr area. The cause during landing at Narita International Airport (eastrealize and correct th cause "the flight crew failed to of Tokyo, Japan). All 408 passengers and 14

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
crew members landed safely; however, 50 people were injured; around five were hospitalized. Currently the Japan Civil Aviation Bureau is investigating the incident.[70][71][72]

Northwest Airlines
[21] Delta Air Lines Pilots Clear The Way For A Merger With Northwest (Detroit News: April 11, 2008) [22] Delta-Northwest Merger Talks Pick Up Pace Again [23] Northwest/Delta Merger Information Website [24] Northwest shareholders OK Delta combo plan Associated Press via Yahoo! News [25] [1] [26] Strike settlement agreement [27] Northwest Airlines Strike Settlement Approved (November 6, 2006) [28] Northwest Airlines Past Route To Australia [29] Northwest Airlines Announces Bid For U.S.-China Nonstop Service [30] http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/ business/article5156657.ece [31] [2] [32] Delta Air Lines to Begin Nonstop Service between Detroit and Rome, Italy [33] http://news.delta.com/ article_display.cfm?article_id=11185 [34] http://www.professionaltravelguide.com/ Travel-News/Article/?id=TW186338 [35] Northwest Airlines Becomes Largest Airbus A330 Operator In The World (Official Press Release: October 18, 2007) [36] U.S. Airlines Put Off Buying New Planes [37] Using Old DC-9s Pays Off for Northwest [38] Northwest Airlines Discusses Future DC-9 Replacement (Official Press Release: October 5, 2006) [39] Northwest Airlines Begin Receiving Regional Jet Orders (Star Tribune: July 10, 2007) [40] Northwest Airlines To Reduce DC-9 Aircraft (USA Today: January 22, 2008) [41] Northwest Airlines Corporate Fleet Information [42] Average Fleet Age for Selected U.S. Carriers - Airsafe [43] Northwest Airlines European Expansion (Official Press Release: October 11, 2006) [44] http://www.alaskajournal.com/stories/ 042409/loc_news006.shtml [45] NWA weighs cargo options after DHL (The Detroit News, December 5, 2007) [46] "In-Flight Meals." Northwest Airlines. Accessed October 11, 2008. [47] Northwest Airlines WorldPerks Program Information [48] Northwest Orient Free Flight Plan

References
[1] FAA Airline Certificate Information [2] "creditapp.pdf." Northwest Airlines. Retrieved on May 18, 2009. [3] WATS Scheduled Passenger - Kilometres Flown [4] Scheduled Freight Tonne - Kilometres Flown [5] ^ Northwest Airlines Becomes Minority Owner of Midwest Airlines (Midwest Airlines Official Press Release: August 17, 2007) [6] Letter from Northwest [7] Delta, Northwest to Consolidate gates at airports [8] http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/ 20090331/FREE/ 903319979&rssfeed=rss01 [9] http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090331/ ap_on_bi_ge/delta_northwest_1 [10] http://www.wmctv.com/global/ story.asp?s=10098912 [11] Parcel Post [12] First Commercial Flight from U.S. to Japan: July 15, 1947 (Northwest Airlines Website) [13] Northwest Airlines is a Leader in Turbulence Prediction (Post Gazette: May 3, 2005) [14] World Airline Directory. Flight International. March 20, 1975. "496. [15] Passengers Stranded on Northwest Airlines Aircraft in 1999 (DOT: January 5, 1999) [16] Tension on a crowded plane nears the breaking point as it festers, snowbound, Wall Street Journal [17] Northwest clear to exit Chapter 11 [18] Northwest Airlines To Become Passive Investor of Midwest Airlines (Official Press Release: August 13, 2007) [19] Northwest Airlines and TPG Bid Now In Competition with AirTran Airways (USA Today: August 14, 2007) [20] Northwest Airlines Extends Minimum Stay Requirements For Domestic Leisure Fares In Response To High Fuel Cost (Official Press Release: April 4, 2008)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Northwest Airlines

[49] Northwest Airlines WorldPerks Airline http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/ Partnerships article/ [50] Northwest Airlines WorldPerks Car ALeqM5gkCVEMOZxeXcogTNdO97YLMHdC2QD96F Rental Partnerships Retrieved on 2009-02-20. [51] Northwest Airlines Partners With Budget [72] "Information on Northwest Airlines Rent A Car (Official Press Release: Flight 2 Involved in Turbulence August 22, 2008) Incident." Northwest Airlines. [52] WorldClubs Location Directory Retrieved on February 20, 2009. [53] Delta Renames Airport Lounges ’Delta Sky Clubs’ Following Merger with Northwest • Ruble, Kenneth D.; (1986). Flight to the [54] http://aviation-safety.net/database/ Top: How a Hometown Airline Made record.php?id=19480829-0 History—and Keeps on Making It: The [55] http://aviation-safety.net/database/ Absorbing Sixty-year Story of Northwest record.php?id=19481027-0 Airlines. New York: Viking Press. [56] http://aviation-safety.net/database/ • "Pilots Who Flew Drunk are Sentenced to record.php?id=19500307-0 Prison". (October 27, 1990). St. Louis [57] http://aviation-safety.net/database/ Post-Dispatch, p. 7A. Retrieved March 21, record.php?id=19501013-0 2005 from LexisNexis. [58] http://aviation-safety.net/database/ • Moylan, Martin J. "NWA to trim mechanics record.php?id=19501107-0 jobs". (March 17, 2005). Detroit Free [59] http://aviation-safety.net/database/ Press. record.php?id=19510116-0 • Northwest Airlines history timeline on [60] http://aviation-safety.net/database/ www.nwa.com record.php?id=19520119-0 • U.S. Postal Service history; airmail service [61] http://aviation-safety.net/database/ starts record.php?id=19600714-0 • "Order 2006-2-1", Joint Application of [62] http://aviation-safety.net/database/ Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane-S.p.A., Czech record.php?id=19601028-0 Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Inc., KLM Royal [63] http://aviation-safety.net/database/ Dutch Airlines, Northwest Airlines, Inc. record.php?id=19610916-1 and Societe Air France for Approval of and [64] http://aviation-safety.net/database/ Antitrust Immunity for Alliance record.php?id=19630212-0 Agreements, United States Department of [65] http://aviation-safety.net/database/ Transportation, February 6, 2006. record.php?id=19630603-1 • Extensive archival records of Northwest [66] http://aviation-safety.net/database/ Airlines are available for research use at record.php?id=19741201-1 the Minnesota Historical Society. [67] ^ http://ntsb.gov/ntsb/ brief.asp?ev_id=20001212X24751&key=1 [68] Harlan, Bill (2004-06-21). "Landing incident prompts investigations". Rapid • Northwest Airlines City Journal. • NWA restructuring information http://www.rapidcityjournal.com/articles/ • WorldTraveler inflight magazine 2004/06/21/news/local/top/news01.txt. • NWA fleet detail NWA.com Retrieved on 2008-04-06. • article on Northwest’s 2003 rebranding as [69] "Landing photo of Flight 1432". NWA http://www.myaviation.net/search/ • ASN worldwide aircraft incident database photo_search.php?id=01199747&size=large. • Case study on Northwest Airlines Asian [70] "?????????????????????????? (Japanese)". localization 2009-02-20. http://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/s/