ENHANCING THE USE OF EASTERN AND MIDWESTERNCOALS BY GAS REBURNING-SORBENTINJECTION
ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION VOLUME for CWLP LAKESIDE STATION, BOILER NO. 7
Submitted Energy and Environmental Irvine,
by: Research Corporation
18 Mason CA 92718
January
1988
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0
2.0
INTRODUCTION. ....................... PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................... 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Existing Facility. .................. 2.1.1 Site Description. ............... 2.1.2 Description of Existing Process ........ Technical Project Description ............ Description of Activities .............. 2.3.1 Description of Project Phases ......... 2.3.2 Description of Installation Activities Project Source Terms ................. 2.4.1 Project Resource Requirements ......... 2.4.2 Project Discharges .............. Potential EHSS Receptors ...............
1-1 2-l
;:: 2-6 2-13 2-16 2-16 2-16 2-20 2-21 2-27 2-29 3-1 Quality, 3-l 3-3 ::: ::: 4-l :I: 4-3 4-4 4-4 44:; 5-l 5-l .... 2:: 5-3 5-4
....
3.0
EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ................... 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Atmospheric Resources: Meteorology, Air andNoise ...................... Land Resources .................... Water Resources ................... Ecological Resources ................. Socioeconomic Resources ............... Energy and Materials Resources ............
4.0
CONSEQUENCES THE PROJECT ................ OF 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6
4.7
5.0
Impacts ................. Atmospheric Land Impacts ..................... Water Quality Impacts ................ Ecological Impacts .................. Socioeconomic Impacts ................ Energy and Materials Impacts ............. Impact Sumnary ....................
REGULATORYCOMPLIANCE ................... 5.1 5.2 Regulations and Permit Requirements ......... Anticipated Permit Modifications ........... 5.2.1 Air Permit Modifications ........... 5.2.2 Solid Waste/Water Permit Modifications 5.2.3 Other Required Permits ............ ii
/
1.0
INTRODUCTION On December 19, funds instituted gas,
1985,
to
President
Reagan To implement
signed clean this that
Public coal law,
Law No. 99-190, projects of of this or coal the Department The goal efficiently clean with to displace
which between Energy program oil
provides industry (DOE) is
conduct a Clean emerging or to
cost-shared
technology
and government.
Coal Technology technologies coal the This with
Program.
to evaluate than
are designed Individual of future injection for
and
natural are
utilize available
more cleanly, feasibility sorbent
economically projects applications coal project of in-boiler
currently to
technology.
intended of emerging combining control
demonstrate
consnercial a clean the purpose
technologies. gas reburning of nitrogen
volume is concerned
of oxides
and sulfur. Corporation project with sorbent (EER) is currently involving injection cofiring and/or
The Energy making pulverired coal preparations coal to:
and Environmental to conduct with natural
Research a demonstration
gas in combination
cleaning
0
Allow
for
cost
effective
reduction prior 601. with
of
NOx and SO2 emissions to New Source
from
coal-fired Standards a Provide purchasing. The combination sorbent main zone. sorbent reduction with atmosphere sequential heat injection release are of to injected of
boilers
constructed
Performance
(NSPSI [40 CFR Part the utility industry
increased
flexibility
in coal
technologies (GR-SI). zone to produce the
to
be demonstrated, introduction a homogeneous. rich zone, slightly
gas of natural air
reburning
with
involves
gas above the
oxygen-deficient and calcium-based is effective radical in the species as a
At the downstream
end of this into by the
burnout
gas duct. reaction
Gas reburning which injection in which react
NOx emissions produce MR.
of hydrocarbon process
NO to form nitrogenous coupling
intermediates The sorbent step, l-l
in the oxygen-deficient can be viewed the calcium-based sot-bent
of an activation
(limestone step, The calcium equipment. furnace
or hydrate) the While sulfate will is duct
calcines
to produce with
CaO, and a heterogeneous particulate alternative.
sulfation sulfate. control upper
where
CaO reacts injection
gas phase SO2/SO3 to form calcium removed by the plant is a technical project. program representing conducted the by EER will of sorbent
subsequently be used in this
injection
The technology three Illinois utility technology: Illinois fired. Central wall
demonstration boilers
focus
on
range
of pre-NSPS boiler
Power Co.,
Hennepin
Station,
Unit
1; 80 MWe tangentially
Illinois
Light
Co.,
Edwards Station,
Unit
1;
117 MW, front
fired. CWLP, Lakeside the actions Station, to Unit at 7; 40 MWe cyclone Lakeside Station fired. and the
Springfield This volume details impacts of of
be taken
environmental
of these this
actions. Information documents Volume is to facilitate for This compliance report with J of all is to air has been
The purpose DOE's preparation the the National in Clean Coal a project prepared relevant provide permits are also
Environmental Policy with
the environmental
required
Environmental accordance Technology description health, safety,
Act of 1969 (NEPA). provided Notice The goal as an analysis Elimination permit
the guidelines Program Opportunity therein. as well Discharge
by DOE in Appendix (PON) and contains of this of document all Current
information
requested
applicable
environmental,
and socioeconomic
(EHSS) issues. modifications.
and National described,
Pollutant as well
System (NPDES) permits
as anticipated
1-2
2.0 This presents project, requirements impacted addressed; which 2.1 2.1.1 this
PROJECT DESCRIPTION section a brief describes describes technical anticipated All only the existing facility activities, EHSS areas is at defines that afforded could Lakeside project Station, resource be for
description project and lists cursory
of the GR-SI technology
demonstration potentially factors tenuous.
and discharges, however, retrofit Existing Site
by the project.
data requested treatment demonstration
in Appendix
J of the DOE PON are those
technology Facility
makes applicability
Description Station and the adjacent in Sangamon of 2-4. accessible Illinois have traffic Terminal Interstate for Lakeside a water Lakeside all by rail Central, lines highway Station treatment Station Railroad and truck. Norfolk running spur line are plant The Illinois and Western, within 3 miles is in place taken from city and of and Lake which of Dallman Station occupy a 75-acre section in as indicated illustrated site of the Fig-
Lakeside on the city ures view plot of 2-1 of plan northwest
shore
of Lake Springfield, County, the site station features
in the southeast Illinois, is
Springfield and 2-2. Figure 2-3, presented
The layout and specific in Figure is
in the aerial on the station
are identified
Lakeside Terminal, Baltimore the plant supplies Springfield. Oallman to this 7 for Station feeder plant site. potable operational Springfield. Gulf site.
Station Mobile
and Ohio,
and Ohio Railroads An Illinois not though Water water A major
used. operates to the
55 runs adjacent on the site natural will
to the
supplies
CWLP also
and to the entire provides line
gas pipeline
currently of the plant
gas to the be connected gas to Unit
on the south
end of the site;
a branch site
at the west boundary
to provide
the GR-SI technology
demonstration.
2-l
+Lakesfde
Power Station, '-\
Sangamon County,
Illinois
\
I
, il .hu
1”*
Figure
2-?.
Location
of CWLP Lakeside 2-2
Station.
Approximate l/8 I Figure 2-3. Aerial view of Lakeside 2-4 0 I Station.
Scale l/8
(miles) j/4
I
Coal Storage Area
LAKESIDE (Cyclone)
From Dallman
Station Approximate 1p0 0 plot Scale 100 pllan. (feet) 200
Figure
2-4.
Lakeside
Power Station 2-5
Lakeside GR-SI coal storage intermittent per day collected 2.1.2 from pile
Station
has three which to
operational will is about Station
electrical 15 miles
generating in Unit northeast 7.
units. Unit
The 7 fires into a is is
technology Logan is which
demonstration County, maintains Lakeside
be conducted
of Springfield. runoff Runoff
The coal
delivered
by truck capacity. rate into flow
and unloaded Coal pile personnel.
a minimal
reserve
and has an annualized (MGO), based in a pond, Description and pond water of Existing contains but have not
average
of 0.019 million Lake Springfield.
gallons
on measurements
made by Lakeside
is discharged Process
Lakeside units units project in Figure Coal the plant with are
Station
three capacity been
coal-fired used in the
steam electric past coal five
generating 20 MWe The as shown years.
a total licensed 2-5. Unit
net generating in Unit
of 100 MWe.
Two additional boiler,
will and ash
be conducted 7 fires analyses
7, a 40 MWe cyclone-fired bituminous 2-l. fires a total 7 fired in Table
medium sulfur Testing
from Logan County. were done for 1985. During Plant in 1986. average is the The two of coal station of coal. of coal
are given Unit
These analyses Company in lb/hr tons 39,480 of 41,700 coal output
by Commercial operation, indicate 7,392 lb/hr that hours capacity,
and Engineering
full-load records Assuming rate Unit in coal
7 currently 7 fired year, Unit
Unit per
at an annualized of 35 MWe. which percent. tons total
of 11,282 7 nominal 1986.
in 1986. the Unit
Based on boiler 1986 capacity 7 accounted for together
factor
was 28.6
generation
stations Therefore, 1986.
on the CWLP site
consumed 815,000 of the
5.1 percent
usage in
An electrostatic emissions. downstream collection depending Solid plant of area the air
precipitator a cold preheater. side
(ESPl unit,
is
used which ft2/(1000
to control means that size ft3/minI. time.
particulate it operates SCA varies
The ESP is
The variable
ESP has specific
(SCA) ranging
from 333-1000 in operation
on the number of units waste streams furnace
at a given the fly
from the boiler bottom ash.
include
ash collected
by the from
ESP and the
These waste
streams
are exempted
2-6
, I j::; :;:I :: ,: ::.:: ;:i: !; *.; ,::i ,::: hi ,:,:,w
L
g -y:‘# ii .
,;:,iqllii;,
.~
‘.
I;
i
Figure
2-5.
Schematic
of Lakeside 2-7
Station
Unit
No. 7 Boiler.
TABLE 2-I.
COAL AND ASH ANALYSES Illinois As Received Coal Dry Basis
Fuel Proximate
Property Analysis 39.70
Fixed Carbon Volatile Matter Ash Moisture Ultimate Analysis
33.72
8.90 17.69
48.23 40.96 10.81
Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Chlorine Sulfur Ash Oxygen Moisture Heating Value as Fired (Etu/lb) (oFI
58.00
4.05 1.11
0.10
2.80 8.90 7.35
17.69 10,460
70.47 4.92 1.35 0.12 3.40 10.81 8.93
Ash Fusion
Temp. Reducing
Initial Deformation Softening (H = WI Softening (H = l/2 Fluid Ash Density (g/cm31
WI
1945 1990 2120 2280 2.2
Coal Grindability
(Hardgrove)
52
2-8
esearch
Corporation
12 January
1988
Dr. Earl Evans Department of Energy Pittsburgh Energy Technology P.O. Box 10940 Pittsburgh, PA 15236-0940 Dear Earl:
Center
Enclosed please find a copy of the revised Environmental Information Volume for Lakeside Station. We have addressed the comments made by you, Tom Willis in our conference call of December 18, 1987. Copies Ruppel , and Bill We are prepared to send, upon your are being sent to you and Bill Willis. notification, the additional copies you will require for distribution to DOE If you have any headquarters and/or environmental review personnel. questions or comments, please do not hesitate to call. Sincerely,
L. P. Nelson Program Manager Environmental Management Division LPN:mhh Enclosure cc: Mr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Mr. Harry Ritz, DOE William Willis, SAIC William Bartok, EER Blair Folsom, EER Peter Maly, EER
18 Mason
l
him
CA 92718
l
(714) 859-8851
l
Telex 181787
.
FAX 859.3194
RCRA Subtitle 0.25 ash pond 3711 miles to percentage,
C Hazardous on-site the flow
Waste rate
regulations for disposal. ash from flow diagram
and are sluiced Based on coal Unit rate flow which of bottom 2-6, rates. includes
approximately flow rate and
ash ponds
of fly
7 to the ash pond during ash to the ash representing 7 generated and Lakeside Unit
full-load is tons full-load Dallman
operation 2710 lb/hr. conditions of ash in stations, water ash
is 785 lb/hr. The process for 1986. Unit
Average flow
in Figure
7, shows these of 72,535 Springfield
The CWLP plant, a total
generated from
tons of ash in 1986. is used for fly This 2-2. Process by the utility. Creek, National plant pH, total units. concentration which to file once-through ash and bottom water Unit flow Effluent runs monthly Average from Pollutant suspended rates nonash. as
Process contact Fly waste
the
Lake
cooling from other by the ash
applications are sluiced are 1.0 is Lakeside utility
and for and Dallman summarized into requires flow year
transporting units.
and bottom
to an ash pond.
ash pond also
receives water water Lake
measured requirement from the Springfield Elimination water oils these 9/l . Unit (scfm). Calculations full-load pounds (1.45 parts Utility lb/hr
in Table Sugar the rate,
7 sluice
averages pond
MGD, as measured The plant's
discharged
to the Sangamon River. System (NPDES) permit reports from for 2-3. detailing all a recent Current
Discharge effluent and of are 0.32 values solids, reports
monitoring and greases parameters
Lakeside
and Dallman as determined
from monthly
presented
in Table
ash pond sulfate
is about
7 currently Air emissions
requires of flow
air rate
at a flow include and sulfur emitted
rate
of 84,100 content
standard that
ft3/min during C5.31 of 1000 boilers. of 3.3
concern presently is
SO2, NO, and particulates. indicate at a rate cyclone at a rate assuming of of 2211 lb/hr NOx emissions fired at a rate
based on coal operation SO2 is Btu This million million, lb/MBtu).
per per (0.008
(lb/MBtu)l. value is a value that
NOx is emitted calculated typical particulates
of 603 lb/hr
lb/MBtu).
which indicate
measurements
are emitted
2-9
-
--. Z-10
TABLE 2-2.
PROCESSWATER FLOW RATES
Source Circulating Boiler Water
Flow Rate (MGD) 0.92 290
Sluice
Water Runoff 0.019
1.0 (intermittent)
Coal Pile
2-11
TABLE 2-3.
AVERAGE ASH POND EFFLUENT WATER PARAMETERS
Parameter Flow Rate (MGD) PH TSS (mg/l) Oils/grease(mg/l)
High
Low 2.88 a.40
Average 4.80 a.77 9.88
7.05
9.06 14.88
6.20 0.05
3.30
1.10
2-12
2.2
Technical Laboratory-scale
Project
Description of the in the M. A., reburning 1970's "Reduction concept (e.g. were originally Wendt, J. 0. L., Trioxide and Symposium (Inter1973, p. 897). but mainly work at when scale in scale in Japan,
investigations United States and Matovich, by Secondary Fuel
conducted Sternling, Nitrogen national) More with the oil
in
the
early
C. V., Oxides it
of Sulfur Pittsburgh, scale and pilot
Injection." Institute, at full
Fourteenth
on Combustion, fired systems. fuel circa is
The Combustion demonstrated Recent potential natural
recently
has been
extensive gas.
research
EER has developed Tennessee with higher locations
demonstrated in
of the reburning Sorbent
concept, injection
particularly was also at that full
reburning
originally 1970's
1960 and Authority's
1970 and was demonstrated (TVA) Shawnee Power Plant TVA demonstrated through the potential use of Large scale
Valley
in the early proper
rather
poor results. levels sites and advanced
Subsequently, could sorbent be achieved materials.
significantly injection U.S. for
capture
work at several of this technology
and Canadian SO2 control. EER's reductions reductions sorbent those scale spectrum
has begun to confirm
most of
recent up to if with
pilot 70 percent a hydrated optimized
scale from typical
results
indicate
that
60 percent Sulfur reburning are typical for
NOx with of
can be achieved injection
pre-NSPS NOx levels. by combining These data injection is used.
dioxide
can be achieved sorbent gas appear
obtained systems.
reburning-sorbent to be generally
a wide in full
of primary
fuels
and they
achievable
The objectives data base demonstrating and vary applications technologies. utility the full conducted boilers using
of to
the
current
project
are to provide of this
a comprehensive boiler of combination
the performance promote the design
of GR-SI in pre-NSPS utility characteristics could
comnercialization and operating demnstration a total utility
Since population. three
of pre-NSPS address will varying be
widely,
no single pre-NSPS
adequately widely
Consequently.
of three boilers
demonstrations with
2-13
characteristics. as applied Figure boiler. NO that (CH) with nitrogen 60 percent as well be useful is is
The GR-SI systems to each specific 2-7 illustrates gas is in HCN which produced lower NOx control, that host unit.
will
be designed
for
optimum performance
the application injected zone. the reaction includes allows NO is
of GR-SI in a tangentially reduced of by a hydrocarbon NH via NCO. N at high from the NOx emission
fired radical Molecular and provide process unit does could
Natural producing NH2 at
above the main heat release formation of NO with reduction usage. Thus, to future this
zone to reburn
produced
by the which
temperature
temperatures reduction
(<22OOoFl. in coal
The GR-SI system will reburning reduction The pre-NSPS Lakeside NOx regulations. sorbent temperature Injection injection;
as from the
not have an NOx emission to the plant 2-7
constraint. in response locations to sulfur hydroxide. sulfur firing 7 boiler, because
In Figure these injection 2250°F is for For duct the (A, 6, is
four
are shown for upper capture. capture the furnace an injection
three
of
and C) correspond necessary to maximize of calcium can fired is help both while Unit
injection. location is also will Illinois The preliminary unit. gas;
Upper furnace of approximately D provides since SO2 This be used is to injection the amount performance. be to reduce coal. but could Sorbent thus, plan included
required injection cyclone reduction
A humidifier the SO2 strategy existing
humidification emissions emission for inject will of solid Solid system. ash which, to lime/fly from product placement commercial
and precipitator
by 50 percent with
not required any future the upper will
by existing furnace increase. using the
regulations on this
compliance the increase waste
SO2 regulations, material
sorbent being will
into
the amount of solid generated
in the flue
waste The solid
be managed
plant's
current
wet sorbent
handling with fly
waste
from GR-SI is a blend of unreacted prepared dryer landfills. applications. lime, for sludge spray stable
of a calcium has similar sludge This
due to the presence ash/scrubber lime-based produces for and value
characteristics or the solid hardens may also after have
disposal waste
systems.
Such a blend
construction
2-14
SECORDARY SH
ic 0
\
TO ESP AN0 STACI _____'
C -.
0
_ .Ir
7
! I
I .-- * ,
I I I
C
B -'
Y
e
A -. w -c
.-
PRInARV SH \
-D REBURNIWG ZORE
3
COAL[
MAIN HEAT - RELEASE ZONE -1
-.__-----
----
FUWACE AIR PREHEATER
Figure
2-7.
Application for NO,/SO,
of gas reburning control.
sorbent
injection
2-15
2.3 2.3.1
Description Description The GR-SI project
of Activities of Project will take Phases 53 months to complete. in three phases: This initial phase plan will testing. transfer. will begin Following equipment panel. and Disposition. of Phase 2 and unit data will will be and test be made to the will The process after DOE be and will culminate injection for An industry EER will conduct the
technology
demonstration Phase l--Design in the panel the detailed for the systems
project
0
and Permitting. design Lakeside construction of site.
gas reburning A program and demonstration
and sorbent
be prepared
equipment will
be established
to initiate and Startup. and will out at last
technology This
a
Phase L--Construction Phase approval, installed engineering 1 is completed and checked will
phase
16 months. injection site.
the gas reburning designs
and sorbent Lakeside
be presented Collection, with
to the industry Reporting, the final stages All
0
Phase 3--Operation, Phase will tested results available industry 3 will last for will panel. of GR-SI is rather it will begin 29 months. one year to industry.
Data
concurrent Following over into
DOE approval, a guideline results
the host
a range of conditions. will
be compiled
manual which
The project
be presented
The demonstration technology technology 2.3.2 but
not
intended conducted Activities the GR-SI 2-16
as a first
generation of several
of
specific
build
upon the results
individual
demonstrations Description
now being
by the EPA and others.
of Installation section as part describes of the
The following will be undertaken
specific technology
installation demonstration
tasks
that by EER
personnel, concern liability, subjected safety risk rules of injury The conducted
plant but to will
personnel an ethical be fully
and local since All responsibility risks. enforced
labor. to
Worker ensure this
safety that
is a primary a financial are not and the health
in any industrial unreasonable to workers. equipment
project,
an employer appropriate
has not only occupational program
workers
throughout
to minimize
GR-SI
installation steps:
work
at
Lakeside
Station
will
be
in a series Procurement Initial Final Checkout Correction three,
of five
1.
2. 3. 4. 5. Step outage at the
installation installation
(normal [outage)
unit
operation)
of deficiencies final is the installation, key element will schedule power in time must correspond determining the to a normally installation load if a fall scheduled schedule. requirements outage until in this to of is and
and this time are
The specific scheduled there the regard. procure the final Most silos, items general conduct possible. and fitting etc., will low but load long
outage the period lead
depend on the utility's For example, than anticipated to delay request may elect The program EER will
and the condition no major problems, the items schedule
of the unit. the utility spring. flexibility,
demand is greater
in the fall the outage authorization the completion
must be flexible
To maximize design of the need
as soon as possible
following
specifications. equipment will be standard directly injectors, work short outage items such as piping, A limited specific modifications. to the valves, number of etc. will The be to extent
and will
be obtained
from vendors. to meet site windbox off site
to be custom-fabricated to will the limit during equipment
requirements.
These include the
the gas and sorbent fabrication/assembly This required the
approach
procurement
and installation custom
maximum
the amount of time-consuming periods.
installation
2-17
The initial operation following
on-site installation
installation step will installation
work where all
will work during
be divided is conducted requires unit
into
two during
steps: normal outage.
an unit The
and the final equipment Sorbent Sorbent Sorbent Sorbent
step which
a unit operation:
be installed and storage and transport and injection control
normal
1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. A plot silo is
unloading feeding piping injection
equipment. equipment. equipment assembly.
assembly. assembly. except showing for final connections. of the sorbent storage
gas piping Gas injector
and controls assembly. installation Station 2-B. complete
Instrumentation plan of Lakeside
the location
shown in Figure is to
The intent flexibility The following 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
the
initial installation
installation during an outage: during
in time
to provide outage.
on completing equipment
the final
a scheduled
must be installed
Windbox modifications. Furnace Final Final Final or duct penetrations for control for gas injectors, overfire air ports or sorbent injectors. equipment.
connections gas plumbing. instrumentation
connections.
ESP upgrades. tubes handling in air are will the lined with qualified asbestos All to minimize boiler heat loss, materials. that asbestos and some be EER all removal
Boiler asbestos conducted will include applicable guidelines,
be required.
modification asbestos including disposal a requirement
work will
by a contractor
to work with specifications be satisfied, and proper
contractor's
OSHA and EPA regulations monitoring
requirements,
considerations.
z-18
LAKESIDE (Cyclone) "--. nrptoximate 1po Figure 2-8. Plot plan of Lakeside P Station. Scale 190 (feet) TO
2-19
It single will be
is
not given
necessary outage to items installing if
that
all the
final
installation
work be completed penetrations,
at a
scheduled
following
the initial furnace/duct to during the outage prior
installation. completion available. outage. of
Consideration windbox the initial would This
modifications installation reduce
and ESP upgrades a scheduled of effort of the steps: selection and equipment
becomes
the intensity
required
the final at
Construction include
0
natural
gas pipeline
Lakeside
Station
will
the following Final route
0 0 e Each Station entirely will required supplies, materials matched. Unit will 2.4 This technology categories 7. of
Materials Excavation Pipefitting these natural within
procurement
steps
will
be coordinated route selected is shown for in
by CILCO. installation Figure 2-9.
owner This
of
the route
trunk lies
pipeline.
The tentative
of the Lakeside installation and equipment welding All will activity be to equipment. practices adjacent
gas pipeline the boundaries
of the CWLP plant. of CILCO. include and material
The pipeline The materials piping, handling
be conducted for will the
by the Gas Division pipeline construction equipment, will
fittings,
excavation The pipeline From this
meet applicable terminal as described Source Terms characterizes
codes and comaon industrial be routed point. previously to convenient the remainder
termination of construction
be conducted Project section
under equipment
installation.
all
of
the
source can discharges.
terms
of
the
GR-SI the
demonstration of resource
project. requirements
Source and project
terms
be divided
into
2-20
Lake Springfield
Approximate
Scale (feet)
Figure
2-9.
Tentative
route
of natural
gas pipeline
to Lakeside
Station.
2.4.1
Project Project
Resource resource
Requirements requirements include 2-10 is requirements energy, a diagram below. land, water, with labor, important the GR-SI
materials, process technology
and other flow rates.
resources. project
Figure
detailing
The resource
associated
demonstration
are identified
Energy Requirements Additional onstration required sumption consumption standard flow. percent 87.384 Full to for energy requirements fuel. the Coal coal lb/hr. associated with increase It operating to decrease rate will the GR-SI technology equipment that capacity and natural the natural will in electrical demgas gas gas 19 to
include the rate ft3imin. load 32.120
electrical site for is about host usage
power to run sorbent The estimated 400 kW. site will at full decrease air flow
as reburnfng
power conbe 1275
is estimated
due to the added natural by approximately increase slightly
feed rate
is expected
Combustion
standard
ft3/mfn.
Land Requirements The GR-SI technology control will ancillary anticipated host site site for the technology procedures be constructed itself systems is demonstration utility within within with to is outside ensure available entirely implemented associated of land involves boiler. CWLP plant the existing the existing that adequate for the retrofit The natural boundaries. boiler plant structure there boundaries. compact, of two emission gas pipeline Since the is no The on and the
on an existing
GR-SI are relatively
requfrenmnt pipeline Sufficient hardware.
has been examined space
space is available storage location
and installation
of the sorbent
and feeding of all
equipment. required
convenient
2-22
i
Water Requirements The GR-SI However, process personnel average more will sluice based process does not require will of the utilization because the ash. ash loading from its of water, sorbent indicate value Calculations current per se. injection by EER that the of 1.0
sluice generate water
water
be required increase will in fly increase
an increased requirement
amount of fly
on amount
MGD to 2.0 MGD. Labor Requirements Labor operation performance. labor skills. requirement, locally A breakdown Operation additional existing During oversee test plant operation by EER using will be required of the is still for the equipment a relatively labor requirements of the that crew installation hardware, small is GR-SI these installation effort to provide of the GR-SI equipment, of system the largest can be managed and specialized 2-4. very little by the program. to
and maintenance Although it
and verification represents which both general
available of labor
presented systems tasks will
in Table requires
and maintenance it is anticipated staff EER test operations
labor;
may be conducted training also be available
upon completion personnel procedures. will
of a brief
periods,
and maintenance verification will
Performance additional Materials labor
tasks for
be conducted tests.
by EER test
crews.
No
be required
these
Requirements material the requirement During of silo. site. course the for the GR-SI technology 4160 lb/hr 15,000 for tons sorbent demonstration be are be of sorbent will
The primary is a calcium to required. expected stored During
based sorbent. be used at the sorbent
operation, program, Approximately
of Ca(OHl2 will
150 tons of sorbent
in the site's
The raw material 2-24
is limestone
TABLE 2-4.
CONSTRUCTIONLABOR REQUIREMENTS
Task
Duration (months)
Community Supplied Labor (hrs)
Phase 1: Phase 2: Phase 3: Total
Baseline Testing Construction GR-SI Testing
1 16 12
29
240 3,360 2,000 5,600
2-25
for
which will
the
state
of
Illinois as part
is
a major
producer. process. from
The sorbent
to be
tested
be selected
of the demonstration will be purchased sorbent acid silo
Construction Construction and small hardware
materials include items. will also
local dioxide
distributors. equipment, piping ash needed for
materials
and handling
Sulfuric
and carbon locally.
pond pH adjustment Transportation
be purchased
Requirements impacting usage. three usage 7 will trucks will by ZO-ton after transportation The sorbent per day for trucks; decrease, will will be decrease be trucked in coal usage
The main factors and increase require delivered Unit truck 2.4.2 7. required to for in approximately Lakeside coal Unit coal for Because
sorbent
in and will by be
delivery. 20 trucks
Coal is currently per day will
24 trucks only
per day are required Therefore,
delivery
GR-SI is implemented. per day.
the total
traffic
be 23 trucks
Project Significant
Discharges waste discharge streams from the boilers site, employing emission the of fly have (0.58 (2.66 GR-SI ash been lb/ lb/ are
technology and spent targets established. MBtul. MBtu). anticipated. Solid to the expected of
include sorbent.
stack
emissions for
and a solid demonstration NOx and S02,
waste consisting respectively, to 241 lb/hr to 1105 lb/hr
At the technology
reduction
60 and 50 percent NOx emissions of SO2 are
are expected expected
to decrease to decrease
Emissions No changes
in CO, unburned
hydrocarbons,
or particulate
emissions
waste
is expected of sorbent. from its of the
to change in both Flow current fly rate level of fly
flow
rate
and composition to about coal which ash,
due
addition
ash collected
by the ESP is 5390 lb/hr. 27 percent not
to increase
of 785 lb/hr be 12 percent rate,
The new composition CaSO4. and 61 percent
ash will
Ca(OH)2.
Bottom ash flow
GR-SI will
2-26
affect
per se, will coal
decrease
to 2200 lb/hr
during
full-load
operation
because
of reduced
consumption. anticipated water of solid calculations cause the will waste. in liquid be required Based show that waste stream effluent because on the average flow discharge GR-SI will rate will expected from the ash generate increase sorbent Calculadesign will be that an by to
Changes pond. increased water about the tions work used during level carbon acid to within Oil solids water form tion water below with done. Coal change. will controlling concentration calcium rate, fly will for in
are,also
More sluice amount increase, 21 percent ash will will be done, compliance project the dioxide addition ash
amount of sluice
to 5.80 MGD. The addition during permit Possible include the alkaline in water of 9.
of unreacted
and spent
to become more alkaline. when detailed action also acid will
be performed with pond
Phase 1 of the project, the method of corrective limits injection water. for with pH.
to determine
pti will
be monitored the ptl of the the pH or bubbling processes, lower
operation. through limit loadings solids
neutraliration
measures sulfuric acid)
to lower
In both of these
(CO2 reacts
to form carbonic
the permit and grease
are not anticipated regulatory include increasing because
to change. limit the
Total
suspended Options time with for of the Sulfate SD2 to injecuse water be be not
be maintained suspended
below the chemical
of 15 mg/l. residence reacts
in the pond and using is expected sulfate. sluice water standards, It will agents Phase is 1 of concentration discharge
means to enhance settling the sorbent will
rate.
to increase rate, which to the will
The amount of increase flow to Sugar Creek is required specify reduce project, also that sulfate be necessary
depend on sorbent
pond pH, and pond hydroxide to meet Illinois sulfate
concentration. general must be
The plant's quality
concentration treat the effluent design project pile runoff
500 mg/l. precipitating during Sulfate pile size
to chemically
concentration. during
This will work will operation. will
assessed
when detailed
be monitored
not expected
to change and thus coal
2-27
Coal result contributions In addition, slightly. increasing Canadian leachability increase
usage coal-based
will from
decrease metals sorbent expected have Cote, 1984,
as a result loading will at
of
the
GR-SI than levels
project, those or to
and as a metals from coal. increase with of 805, and be no of
decrease. to be smaller current
In general,
are expected to remain that shown
pH is Studies pH (e.g.
leachability and Constable, Special Since decrease, effluent
of metals T. W., Technical there is
decreases Publication loading to as a result
P. L. p. in 53). to either
'Development
Data Base on Waste Leachability, are in metals both expected
ASTM, Philadelphia,
coal-based
metals expected
levels
or groundwater
the GR-SI project. 2.5 Potential A number proposed water focuses probable on these action. land quality, impact receptors. EHSS Receptors features air force. existing could quality. potentially surface water with be impacted quality, respect impact by the groundSection to these of GR-SI 3
of environmental These include use, labor the
and energy environment
resources.
on characteriring receptors.
Section
4 evaluates
the probable
2-28
3.0 This Lakeside by the that were
EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
section Station, proposed mentioned individually Atmospheric The area provides focusing action. in a description on environmental The environment Section in this Resources: Illinois 2.5. section. Meteorology, in which climate for Illinois Air Quality, and Noise site is located cold annual of the of the environmental that into these might the six setting categories is at
features is divided Each of
be impacted
categories
characterized 3.1
of central
the demonstration with Springfield for
provides winters. the entire year. precipitation environment.
a typical Figure for According
continental to states the
warm sunssers and fairly Climatologist, The climate average is typical
3-1 shows wind roses Springfield
4 months throughout
State
is 33.8 inches. area and not
midwestern
representative
of a local
specialized
The air Sangamon Illinois criteria Designations February area and for Emissions particulates, Lakeside well noise total
quality is in
in
the federal and is
area air
of
Lakeside quality
Station control
is area
generally for to
good. EPA in Air
County pollutants, of
region
75 (West Central most U.S. the published non-attainment EPA's Geographic
Intrastate),
a primary SO2 and Status EPA. of
attainment N02, Criteria A survey
including Attainment Illinois
according Pollutants
1985 by the Inventory 18 emit Station at normal delivery the
The region
is a secondary of there Illinois of
suspended revealed plants
particulates. that that emit air NOx.
in Sangamon County pollutants,
are 145 businesses which 86 emit
industrial
SO2, and 24 emit is in close plant both
proximity
to the city industrial shaping
of Springfield, plants. and coal construction feeding),
as
as several levels
railroads. Lakeside for plant trucks
highways, operation (e.g.
and other coal pile
Current
are attributable and Dallman
to ongoing Stations.
activities, and coal
Lakeside
3-l
JANUARY
BO-YEAR TOTAL (1901-80)
APRIL B&YEAR
TOTAL (1901-80)
OCTOBER B&YEAR
JULY
TOTAL 11901-80)
-YEAR
TOTAL (1901-80)
For each concentric circle, the wind blows 1 percent of the time from Key: the direction of the line. Thus a line directed vertically downward from the city that passed through 10 circles would indicate that the wind blew from the south 10 percent of the time. Figure 3-1. Wind roses 3-2 for Springfield, Illinois.
3.2
Land Resources Lakeside Station Lowlands divides rolling of feet but is located to in Sangamon County, The Plain the drift Station the plant the Station in this that Illinois. The power Plain hills drift given of by in the Approxwhich is age in Fig
plant the broad vicinity, imately itself bedrock. ure area, minimal Although are Water Fayette Illinois yet 3.3
is Central
situated
adjacent with loess plain map it ponds land in which for the is while the ash
Lake Springfield Province. valleys. found the the in Illinoian glacial Lakeside near
in the Springfield There are no large age glacial area is itself
Physiographfc mature is covers map of are terrain
is characterized
upland
Sangaaron River. and Pennsylvanian
10
underlain A flood From the the flooding, much of Conservation silt loam, Department while 3-2.
by pre-Illinoian
can be seen that Zone A6 areas surrounding area.
is in a Zone C experience plain. there Soil and as The flood
a Zone A6 area. are within Lakeside
Zone C areas
loo-year
is
urbanired,
some farmlands
According
to the Sangamon County prime or unique for
District.
most of the soil not considered has indicated
area is classified farming. wetlands
of Conservation
maps have not
been published
the area near Lakeside
Station.
Water Resources Lakeside plant for flow discharges Sugar rates which General designation. iron, standards. Creek into and silver Creek flow Creek pond water near Lakeside to Sugar Creek. Ambient Also for water
quality 3-1, are which is oxygen, the
data including Illinois are
Station standards 3-l it
are sutmnarized for various
in Table included there use
and concentrations Use Water Quality From Table flow rate rate generally
of contaminants. of the state exceed over never Illinois
parameters, which general dissolved
standards
rmst be met in waters occasionally spilling
no specific boron, quality Springfield. discharging rainfall
can be seen that
water
including Lake ft3/s) plants
depends on a number of factors, the Spaulding falls below Dam from 3 MGD (4.6 industrial
and amount of water
due to dam spillage
and pond discharge. Sugar Creek.
There are no other
3-3
.: : .._~ i .r c, 13 j m
y. ‘, i’ ‘1, ,,
N .>,
/’ / .-
I
-- 4
TABLE 3-1.
WATER QUALITY DATA FOR SUGAR CREEK NEAR SPRINGFIELD (1985).
Parameter PH Flow Rate (ft3/s) Dissolved (w/l 1 Barium Oxygen (mg/l)
High 8.0 159.0 13.0 0.071 3.6* <.003 0.052 0.008 <0.005 2.7* co.05 0.25
Low 7.1 4.6 5.2* 0.045
Average 7.7 60.0 8.8 0.059 1.73* c.003
Illinois General Use Water Quality Standard 6-9
>6 <5
Boron (mg/ll Cadmium (mg/ll Chloride (mg/l
0.1
(1.0
<.05 <500 x1.0 so.02
0.019 <0.005
0.033 0.005 co.005
Chromium (mg/l Copper (mg/l 1 Iron (mg/l)
0.26
0.87 X0.05
xl.0 co.1 cl.0