Google_Books

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Google Book Search Google Book Search Google Book Search Google Book Search screenshot Developer(s) Operating system Type Website Google Any (web based application) Online Library Book Search http://books.google.com/ The Google Book Search service remains in a beta stage but the underlying database continues to grow. Google Book Search allows public-domain works and other out-ofcopyright material to be downloaded in PDF format. For users outside the United States, though, Google must be sure that the work in question is indeed out of copyright under local laws. According to a member of the Google Book Search Support Team, "Since whether a book is in the public domain can often be a tricky legal question, we err on the side of caution and display at most a few snippets until we have determined that the book has entered the public domain."[2] Many of the books are scanned using the Elphel 323 camera[3][4] at a rate of 1,000 pages per hour.[5] The initiative has been hailed for its potential to offer unprecedented access to what may become the largest online corpus of human knowledge,[6][7] as well as criticized for potential copyright violations.[8] Google Book Search is a tool from Google that searches the full text of books that Google scans, converts to text using optical character recognition, and stores in its digital database. The service was formerly known as Google Print when it was introduced at the Frankfurt Book Fair in October 2004. When relevant to a user’s keyword search, up to three results from the Google Book Search index are displayed above search results in the Google Web Search service (google.com). A user may also search just for books at the dedicated Google Book Search service. Clicking a result from Google Book Search opens an interface in which the user may view pages from the book as well as content-related advertisements and links to the publisher’s website and booksellers. Through a variety of access limitations and security measures, some based on user-tracking, Google limits the number of viewable pages and attempts to prevent page printing and text copying of material under copyright.[1] Number scanned By March 2007, Google had digitized one million books, according to the The New York Times at an estimated cost of US$5 million.[9] On October 28, 2008, Google stated that they had 7 million books searchable through Google Book Search, including those scanned by their 20,000 publisher partners.[10] Of the 7 million books, 1 million are "full preview" based on agreements with publishers. 1 million are in the public domain. Most scanned works are no longer in print or commercially available.[11] Competition • Microsoft started a similar project called Live Search Books in late 2006. It ran until May 2008, when the project was abandoned.[12] All of the Live Search Books are now available on Internet Archive. Internet Archive is a non-profit and the second largest book scanning project after Google. As of November 1 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 2008 it had over 1 million full-text public domain scanned works online. • Europeana links to roughly 3 million digital objects as of November 2008, including video, photos, paintings, audio, maps, manuscripts, printed books, and newspapers from the past 2,000 years of European history from over 1,000 archives in the European Union.[13] This number is set to reach 10 million in 2010.[14] • Gallica from the French National Library links to about 800,000 digitized books, newspapers, manuscripts, maps and drawings, etc. Created in 1997, the digital library continues to expand at a rate of about 5000 new documents per month. Since the end of 2008, most of the new scanned documents are available in image and text formats. Most of these documents are written in French, but some are in other languages. Google Book Search Sept. 20 2005) and the other is a civil lawsuit brought by five large publishers and the Association of American Publishers. (McGraw Hill v. Google, Oct. 19 2005)[8] • November 2005: Google changed the name of this service from Google Print to Google Book Search.[16] Its program enabling publishers and authors to include their books in the service was renamed "Google Books Partner Program" (see Google Library Partners) and the partnership with libraries became Google Books Library Project. 2006 • August 2006: The University of California System announced that it would join the Book Search digitization project. This includes a portion of the 34 million volumes within the approximately 100 libraries managed by the System.[17] • September 2006: The Complutense University of Madrid becomes the first Spanish-language library to join the Google Books Library Project.[18] • October 2006: The University of Wisconsin-Madison announced that it would join the Book Search digitization project along with the Wisconsin Historical Society Library. Combined, the libraries have 7.2 million holdings.[19] • November 2006-The University of Virginia joins the project. Its libraries contain more than five million volumes and more than 17 million manuscripts, rare books and archives.[20] Timeline 2004 • December 2004: Google signaled an extension to its Google Print initiative known as the Google Print Library Project.[15] Google announced partnerships with several high-profile university and public libraries, including the University of Michigan, Harvard (Harvard University Library), Stanford (Green Library), Oxford (Bodleian Library), and the New York Public Library. According to press releases and university librarians, Google plans to digitize and make available through its Google Book Search service approximately 15 million volumes within a decade. The announcement soon triggered controversy, as publisher and author associations challenged Google’s plans to digitize, not just books in the public domain, but also titles still under copyright. 2007 • January 2007: The University of Texas at Austin announced that it would join the Book Search digitization project. At least one million volumes will be digitized from the University’s 13 library locations. (As of late 2008, the University of Texas has withdrawn from continuing to help the digitization project.) • March 2007: The Bavarian State Library announced a partnership with Google to scan more than a million public domain and out-of-print works in German as well as English, French, Italian, Latin, and Spanish.[21] • May 2007: A book digitizing project partnership was announced jointly by 2005 • September - October 2005: Two lawsuits against Google charge that the company has not respected copyrights and has failed to properly compensate authors and publishers. One is a class action suit on behalf of authors (Authors Guild v. Google, 2 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Google and the Cantonal and University Library of Lausanne.[22] May 2007: The Boekentoren Library of Ghent University will participate with Google in digitizing and making digitized versions of 19th century books in the French and Dutch languages available online.[23] June 2007: The Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC) announced that its twelve member libraries would participate in scanning 10 million books over the course of the next six years.[24] July 2007: Keio University became Google’s first library partner in Japan with the announcement that they would digitize at least 120,000 public domain books.[25] August 2007: Google announced that it would digitize up to 500,000 both copyrighted and public domain items from Cornell University Library. Google will also provide a digital copy of all works scanned to be incorporated into the university’s own library system.[26] September 2007: Google added a feature that allows users to share snippets of books that are in the public domain. The snippets may appear exactly as they do in the scan of the book or as plain text.[27] September 2007: Google debuts a new feature called "My Library" which allows users to create personal customized libraries, selections of books that they can label, review, rate, or full-text search.[28] December 2007: Columbia University was added as a partner in digitizing public domain works.[29] Google Book Search downloadable public domain works. About five million are currently out of print.[11][32][33] • December 2008: Google announces the inclusion of Magazines in Google Book Search. Titles include New York Magazine, Ebony, and Popular Mechanics and others.[34] • • Google Books Library Project participants The number of participating institutions has grown since the inception of the Google Books Library Project;[15] The University of Mysore has been mentioned in many media reports as being a library partner.[35][36] They are not, however, listed as a partner by Google.[37] • • Initial partners • Harvard University, Harvard University Library, Harvard + Google • University of Michigan, University of Michigan Library, Michigan + Google • New York Public Library, New York Public Library + Google • University of Oxford, Bodleian Library, Oxford + Google • Stanford University, Stanford University Libraries (SULAIR), Stanford + Google • • Additional partners Other institutional partners have joined the Project since the partnership was first announced. • Bavarian State Library, Bavaria + Google, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek + Google (in German) • Columbia University, Columbia University Library System, Columbia + Google • Committee on Institutional Cooperation, CIC + Google • Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid + Google, Complutense Universidad + Google (in Spanish) • Cornell University, Cornell University Library, Cornell + Google • Ghent University, Ghent University Library/Boekentoren, Ghent/Gent + Google • Keio University, Keio Media Centers (Libraries), Keio + Google (in English), Keio + Google (in Japanese) • 2008 • May 2008: Microsoft tapers off and plans to end its scanning project which reached 750,000 books and 80 million journal articles.[30] • October 2008: A settlement is reached between the publishing industry and Google after two years of negotiation. Google agrees to compensate authors and publishers in exchange for the right to make millions of books available to the public.[8][31] • November 2008: Google reaches the 7 million book mark for items scanned by Google and by their publishing partners. 1 million are in full preview mode and 1 million are fully viewable and 3 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia • The Bibliothèque Municipale de Lyon, Lyon + Google (in French) • Princeton University, Princeton University Library, Princeton + Google • University of California, California Digital Library, California + Google • University of Lausanne, Cantonal and University Library of Lausanne/Bibliothèque Cantonale et Universitaire/BCU + Google (in French) • University of Mysore, Mysore University Library, Mysore + Google • University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas Libraries, Texas + Google • University of Virginia, University of Virginia Library, Virginia + Google • University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Wisconsin Digital Collection, Wisconsin + Google Google Book Search The Authors Guild, the publishing industry and Google entered into a settlement agreement October 28, 2008, with Google agreeing to pay a total of $125 million to rightsholders of books they had scanned, to cover the plaintiff’s court costs, and to create a Book Rights Registry. The settlement has to be approved by the court, which will occur some time after May 2009.[8] Reaction to the settlement has been mixed, with Harvard Library, one of the original contributing libraries to Google Library, choosing to withdraw its partnership with Google if "more reasonable terms" cannot be found.[42] As part of the $125 million settlement signed in October 2008, Google created a Google Book Settlement web site that went active on February 11, 2009. This site allows authors and other rights holders of out of print (but copyright) books to submit a claim by January 5, 2010.[43] In return they will receive $60 per full book, or $5 to $15 for partial works.[43] In return, Google will be able to index the books and display snippets in search results, as well as up to 20% of each book in preview mode.[43] Google will also be able to show ads on these pages and make available for sale digital versions of each book.[43] Authors and copyright holders will receive 63 percent of all advertising and ecommerce revenues associated with their works.[43] Siva Vaidhyanathan, associate professor of Media Studies and Law at the University of Virginia has argued[44] that the project poses a danger for the doctrine of fair use, because the fair use claims are arguably so excessive that it may cause judicial limitation of that right.[45] Because Author’s Guild v. Google did not go to court, the fair use dispute is left unresolved. Google licensing of public domain works is also an area of concern.[46] Google apparently is claiming a restrictive ’No-Commercial use’ term in respect of the PDF electronic versions it provides, as well as using digital watermarking techniques with them. Some published works that are in the public domain, such as all works created by the U.S. Federal government, are still treated like other works under copyright, and therefore locked after 1922.[47] Copyright infringement, fair use and related issues The publishing industry and writers’ groups have criticized the project’s inclusion of snippets of copyrighted works as infringement. In the fall of 2005 the Authors Guild of America and Association of American Publishers separately sued Google, citing "massive copyright infringement." Google countered that its project represented a fair use and is the digital age equivalent of a card catalog with every word in the publication indexed.[8] Despite Google taking measures to provide full text of only works in public domain, and providing only a searchable summary online for books still under copyright protection, publishers maintain that Google has no right to copy full text of books with copyrights and save them, in large amounts, into its own database.[38] Other lawsuits followed. In June 2006, a French publisher announced its intention to sue Google France.[39] In 2006 a previouslyfiled German lawsuit was withdrawn.[40] In March 2007, Thomas Rubin, associate general counsel for copyright, trademark, and trade secrets at Microsoft, accused Google of violating copyright law with their book search service. Rubin specifically criticized Google’s policy of freely copying any work until notified by the copyright holder to stop.[41] 4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Google Book Search Language issues major research libraries to make their contents searchable, the promise of a Some European politicians and intellectuals universal library was resurrected. ... have criticized Google’s effort on "languageFrom the days of Sumerian clay tablets imperialism" grounds, arguing that because till now, humans have "published" at the vast majority of books proposed to be least 32 million books, 750 million scanned are in English, it will result in disarticles and essays, 25 million songs, 500 proportionate representation of natural lanmillion images, 500,000 movies, 3 million guages in the digital world. German, Russian, videos, TV shows and short films and 100 and French, for instance, are popular lanbillion public Web pages." guages in scholarship; the disproportionate [6] Bergquist, Kevin (2006-02-13), "Google online emphasis on English could shape acproject promotes public good", The cess to historical scholarship, and, ultimately, University Record (University of the growth and direction of future scholarMichigan), http://www.umich.edu/ ship. Among these critics is Jean-Noël ~urecord/0506/Feb13_06/02.shtml, Jeanneney, the former president of the Biblioretrieved on 2007-04-11. thèque nationale de France.[48] [7] Pace, Andrew K. (January 2006), "Is This the Renaissance or the Dark Ages?", American Libraries, American Library Association, http://www.ala.org/ala/ alonline/techspeaking/2006columnsa/ techJan2006.cfm, retrieved on While Google Book Search has digitized large 2007-04-11, "Google made instant e-book numbers of journal back issues, its scans do believers out of skeptics even though 10 not include the metadata required for identiyears of e-book evangelism among fying specific articles in specific issues. This librarians had barely made progress." has led the makers of Google Scholar to start [8] ^ Copyright infringement suits against their own program to digitize and host older Google and their settlement: journal articles (in agreement with their pub[1] "Copyright Accord Would Make lishers).[49] Millions More Books Available Online", Google Press Center, http://www.google.com/intl/en/press/ pressrel/ [1] Greg Duffy (March 2005), "Google’s 20081027_booksearchagreement.html, Cookie and Hacking Google Print", retrieved on November 22, 2008. Kuro5hin, http://www.kuro5hin.org/ [2] "Authors Guild v. Google Settlement story/2005/3/7/95844/59875. Resources Page", Authors Guild, [2] Ryan Sands (November 9, 2006), "From http://www.authorsguild.org/ the mail bag: Public domain books and advocacy/articles/settlementdownloads" (blog), Inside Google Book resources.html, retrieved on Search, http://booksearch.blogspot.com/ November 22, 2008. 2006/11/from-mail-bag-public-domain[3] "A new chapter", The Economist, Oct books-and.html. 30th 2008, [3] Google currently uses Elphel cameras for http://www.economist.com/business/ book scanning and for capturing street displaystory.cfm?story_id=12523914, imagery in Google Maps retrieved on November 22, 2008. [4] "Adapted firmware of Elphel 323 camera The original lawsuits in 2005: to meet needs of Google Book Search" [1] Aiken, Paul (2005-09-20), "Authors [5] Kelly, Kevin (May 14, 2006), "Scan This Guild Sues Google, Citing "Massive Book!", New York Times Magazine, Copyright Infringement"", Authors http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/14/ Guild, http://www.authorsguild.org/ magazine/ news/sues_google_citing.htm, 14publishing.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&pagewanted=all, retrieved on 2007-04-11. retrieved on 2008-03-07, "When Google [2] Gilbert, Alorie (2005-10-19), announced in December 2004 that it "Publishers sue Google over book would digitally scan the books of five search project", CNET News, Google Books vs. Google Scholar References 5 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Google Book Search http://news.com.com/ 2008-11-24, "Microsoft launched an Publishers+sue+Google+over+book+search+project/ online library in a move that pits the 2100-1030_3-5902115.html, retrieved world’s biggest software company on 2007-04-11. against Google’s controversial project to [3] "The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc.; digitize the world’s books." Pearson Education, Inc.; Penguin [13] "Europe’s Answer to Google Book Search Group (USA) Inc.; Simon and Crashes on Day 1", Wired, 2008, Schuster, Inc.; John Wiley and Sons, http://blog.wired.com/business/2008/11/ Inc. Plaintiffs, v. Google Inc., eu-launches-mas.html, retrieved on Defendant" (PDF), 2008-11-24. http://publishers.org/main/Copyright/ [14] European Commission (2008-11-20). attachments/40_McGrawEUROPEANA – Europe’s Digital Library: Hill_v_Google.pdf, retrieved on Frequently Asked Questions. Press 2007-10-05. PDF file of the release. http://europa.eu/rapid/ complaint. SD. N.Y. Case No. pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/ 05-CV-8881-JES. 08/724&format=HTML&language=EN. [9] Hafner, Katie (March 11, 2007), Retrieved on 2008-11-26. "History, Digitized (and Abridged)", New [15] ^ O’Sullivan, Joseph and Adam Smith. York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/ "All booked up," Googleblog. December 2007/03/10/business/yourmoney/ 14, 2004. 11archive.html, retrieved on 2008-04-10, [16] Jen Grant (November 17, 2005), "Judging "Google, on its own, is digitizing books at Book Search by its cover" (blog), the Library of Congress, which has its Googleblog, hands full with other items. ... In its http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2005/11/ quest to scan every one of the tens of judging-book-search-by-its-cover.html. millions of books ever published, Google [17] UC libraries partner with Google to has already digitized one million digitize books volumes. Google refuses to say how [18] University Complutense of Madrid and much it has spent on the venture so far, Google to Make Hundreds of Thousands but outside experts estimate the figure at of Books Available Online at least US$5 million. The company has [19] UW-Madion + WHS + Google also been scanning and indexing digitization project partnership academic journals to make them announced searchable, and is working with the [20] The University of Virginia Library Joins Patent Office to digitize thousands of the Google Books Library Project patents dating back to 1790." [21] Bavarian State Library + Google [10] "New Chapter", Google, digitizing project partnership announced http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/10/ [22] Reed, Brock. "La Bibliothèque, C’est new-chapter-for-google-bookGoogle" (Wired Campus Newsletter), search.html, retrieved on 2008-10-29. Chronicle of Higher Education. May 17, [11] ^ "In Google Book Settlement, Business 2007. Trumps Ideals", PC World, October 28, [23] Ghent/Gent + Google digitizing project 2008, http://www.pcworld.com/ partnership announced businesscenter/article/153085/ [24] CIC + Google digitizing project in_google_book_settlement_business_trumps_ideals.html, partnership announced retrieved on 2008-10-31, "Of the 7 [25] Keio + Google digitizing project million books Google has scanned, 1 partnership announced million are in full preview mode as part [26] Cornell + Google digitizing project of formal publisher agreements. Another partnership announced 1 million are public domain works." [27] Google’s digitized "snippets" feature [12] "Microsoft starts online library in announced challenge to Google Books", AFP, [28] Google’s "personal library" feature http://www.theage.com.au/news/biztech/ announced microsoft-starts-online-library-in[29] Columbia + Google digitizing project challenge-to-google-books/2006/12/07/ partnership announced 1165081127665.html, retrieved on 6 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Google Book Search [30] "Microsoft Will Shut Down Book Search [36] Hindustani Times "Google to digitise Program", New York Times, May 24, 800,000 books at Mysore varsity" 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/ [37] Google Library Partners 24/technology/ [38] People’s Daily Online (August 15, 2005), 24soft.html?_r=1&ref=technology&oref=slogin, "Google’s digital library suspended", retrieved on 2008-05-24, "Microsoft said http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/ it had digitized 750,000 books and 200508/15/eng20050815_202595.html. indexed 80 million journal articles." [39] John Oates (June 7, 2006), "French [31] "Some Fear Google’s Power in Digital publisher sues Google", The Register, Books", New York Times, February 1, http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/06/07/ 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/ france_sues_google/. 02/technology/internet/02link.html?em, [40] Danny Sullivan (2006-06-28), "Google retrieved on 2009-02-02, "Today, that Book Search Wins Victory In German project is known as Google Book Search Challenge" (blog), Search Engine Watch, and, aided by a recent class-action http://blog.searchenginewatch.com/blog/ settlement, it promises to transform the 060628-152950, retrieved on way information is collected: who 2006-11-11. controls the most books; who gets access [41] Thomas Claburn (March 6, 2007), to those books; how access will be sold "Microsoft Attorney Accuses Google Of and attained." Copyright Violations", InformationWeek, [32] "Massive EU online library looks to http://www.informationweek.com/ compete with Google", Agence Franceinternet/ Presse, November 2008, showArticle.jhtml?articleID=197800578. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/ [42] "Google Online Book Deal at Risk", article/ http://www.thecrimson.com/ ALeqM5gQBJ3FLg32GX_cAVFLQo1feO6Ckg, article.aspx?ref=524989. retrieved on 2008-11-24, "Google, one of [43] ^ "Google Book Settlement Site Is Up; the pioneers in this domain on the other Paying Authors $60 Per Scanned Book", hand, claims to have seven million books by Erick Schonfeld on February 11, 2009 available for its "Google Book Search" at TechCrunch project, which saw the light of day at the [44] Siva Vaidhyanathan,. “The Googlization end of 2004." of Everything and the Future of [33] "Google Hopes to Open a Trove of LittleCopyright,” University of California Seen Books", New York Times, January Davis Law Review volume 40 (March 4, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/ 2007), pp. 1207–1231, pdf 01/05/technology/internet/ [45] First Monday Transcript September 05google.html?partner=rss&emc=rss&pagewanted=all, 2007. retrieved on 2009-01-05, "The settlement [46] Michael Liedtke (May 24, 2005), may give new life to copyrighted out-of"Publishers Protest Google’s Online print books in a digital form and allow Library Project", Associated Press, writers to make money from titles that http://www.livescience.com/technology/ had been out of commercial circulation ap_050524_google_scan.html. for years. Of the seven million books [47] Robert B. Townsend, Google Books: Is It Google has scanned so far, about five Good for History?, Perspectives million are in this category." (September 2007). [34] "Google updates search index with old [48] Jean-Noël Jeanneney (2006-10-23) (book magazines", Associated Press, 2008, abstract; Foreword by Ian Wilson). http://www.businessweek.com/ap/ Google and the Myth of Universal financialnews/D94VIH600.htm, retrieved Knowledge: A View from Europe. ISBN on 2008-12-10, "As part of its quest to 0-226-39577-4. corral more content published on paper, [49] Barbara Quint, "Changes at Google Google Inc. has made digital copies of Scholar: A Conversation With Anurag more than 1 million articles from Acharya", Information Today, August 27, magazines that hit the newsstands 2007. decades ago." [35] Ars Technica 7 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Google Book Search • Archive.org text search, contains backups of some digital librairies • The Author’s Guild et al. v. Google Inc. Timeline and progression of case • Jeffrey Toobin; Google’s Moon Shot • Malte Herwig; "Putting The World’s Books On The Web" (SPIEGEL International Edition) • Anirudh Wadhwa; "Debate over the Google Library Project" • PublicDomainReprints.org - an experiment that prints public domain books from Google Book Search • Digital Library Federation • Dian Schaffhauser: Google Book Search: The Good, the Bad, & the Ugly • Robert Darnton - Google & the Future of Books See also • • • • • • • Google Books Library Project A9.com is Amazon.com’s book search Live Search Books Digital library List of digital library projects Universal library Book scanning External links Google Book Search homepage Google Book Search Information Page Google Book Settlement Gallica, the digital side of the french National Library • Europeana, the Eureopean Library • • • • Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Book_Search" Categories: Library and information science, Library 2.0, Google services, Mass digitization This page was last modified on 21 May 2009, at 23:46 (UTC). 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