2007_Pakistani_state_of_emergency

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2007 Pakistani state of emergency

2007 Pakistani state of emergency
other judges from the supreme court and arrested them. It was announced early that the state of emergency would likely end in late November or early December 2007.[5] After being sworn in for a second presidential term on November 29, 2007, Musharraf immediately declared that the state of emergency would end on December 16, 2007,[6] although the emergency actually ended one day earlier, on December 15, 2007, with an announcement by Musharraf.[7] The Pakistani general election previously scheduled to occur in early January 2008 were postponed. At the beginning of the emergency, Information Minister Tariq Azim Khan said on television that the general election could be delayed many months and perhaps up to a year.[8] Later, the election was rescheduled to take place by February 15, 2008, as announced by Musharraf himself.[9] A few days later he called for the election date to be on or before January 9, 2008,[10], before a final date of January 8, 2008 was decided. However, because of unforeseen events that occurred after the state of emergency ended, primarily the assassination of Benazir Bhutto and its aftermath, the general elections were again postponed by the Election Commission and were finally held on February 18, 2008.[11]

Pervez Musharraf led Pakistan from 1999 to 2008. A 2007 Pakistani state of emergency was declared by Pervez Musharraf on November 3, 2007 and lasted until December 15, 2007, during which time the constitution of Pakistan was suspended.[1][2] When the state of emergency was declared, Musharraf controversially held both positions of President and Chief of Army Staff. He later resigned as army chief 25 days into the emergency on November 28[3]. The state of emergency and its responses are generally attributed to the controversies surrounding the re-election of Musharraf during the presidential election on October 6, 2007, including his holding of both offices of President and Chief of Army Staff at the time. Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry reacted promptly to the emergency declaration, convening a seven-member bench which issued an interim order against this action. He also directed the armed forces of Pakistan not to obey any illegal orders.[4] Subsequently, the 111th brigade of the Pakistan army entered the supreme court building and removed Chaudhry and several

Background
Leading up to the 2007 presidential elections, the Election Commissioner approved General Pervez Musharraf as a candidate for re-election. One of his opponents, retired Supreme Court justice Wajihuddin Ahmed, challenged the ruling in the Supreme Court. The dispute was primarily regarding whether a member of the military was constitutionally permitted to run for the office of the president, as Musharraf held both titles of President and Chief of Army Staff. Responding to the challenge, the Supreme Court allowed the election to go forward on schedule but barred the Election Commission from officially declaring a winner until it made its final decision. Subsequently, all but

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one opposition party, the Pakistan Peoples Party, resigned from the assembly in protest. The sole remaining opposition party member also boycotted the election and did not participate in the proceeding. On October 6, presidential elections were held with Musharraf winning 98% votes in the parliament and the provincial assemblies.[12] While the Supreme Court was hearing the case of Musharraf’s eligibility as a candidate, it announced that it would likely need to delay the hearing until November 12 due to a personal engagement of one of the honorable members of the bench.[13] On November 2, the court reversed its decision to break, stating that it would now reconvene the following Monday on November 5 to attempt to resolve the political situation quickly. This reversal was in part due to criticism that the court’s continuing delay was adding to Pakistan’s general instability.[14] Convening on November 12 would have left a tight schedule of just three days before the end of Musharraf’s previous presidential term on 15 November. Parliamentary elections are due to be held by February 2008, no later than a month after the original target date for elections. [15] Prior to the emergency declaration, Attorney General Malik Qayyum, representing Musharraf, had assured the court that there was no planned move by the government to impose martial law.[16] Yet, it was anticipated and one of Musharraf’s allies admitted later that they had gotten a leak from one of the supreme court judges that the decision of the court, had it been reached, would likely be against Musharraf.

2007 Pakistani state of emergency
(who held both the offices of President of Pakistan and Chief of the Army Staff at the time), declared it under his authority as Chief of the Army staff for which there is no provision in the constitution. The state-run Pakistan Television Corporation issued a brief announcement saying that, "The Chief of the Army Staff (General Musharraf) has proclaimed state of emergency and issued a provisional constitutional order," at 6:10 am local time without giving any details. Under the order, the Constitution was suspended, the federal cabinet ceased to exist, and the justices were ordered to take an oath to abide by it. Those who failed to do so would be dismissed. [17][18]

Text of Proclamation of Emergency
Following is the text of the Proclamation of Emergency declared by Chief of the Army Staff Gen Pervez Musharraf[19]: “ WHEREAS there is visible ascendancy in the activities of extremists and incidents of terrorist attacks, including suicide bombings, IED explosions, rocket firing and bomb explosions and the banding together of some militant groups have taken such activities to an unprecedented level of violent intensity posing a grave threat to the life and property of the citizens of Pakistan; WHEREAS there has also been a spate of attacks on state infrastructure and on law-enforcement agencies; WHEREAS some members of the judiciary are working at cross purposes with the executive and legislature in the fight against terrorism and extremism, thereby weakening the government and the nation’s resolve and diluting the efficacy of its actions to control this menace; WHEREAS there has been increasing interference by some members of the judiciary in government policy, adversely affecting economic growth, in particular; WHEREAS constant interference in executive functions, including but not limited to the control of terrorist activity, economic policy, price controls, downsizing of corporations and ”

Declaration of a state of emergency
Before the court could reach a decision, General Pervez Musharraf, acting as Chief of the Army Staff, declared a state of emergency in the name of the Chief of Army Staff, on the evening of November 3, 2007, and issued a Provisional Constitutional Order which replaced the country’s constitution. The constitution of Pakistan allows the President of Pakistan to declare a State of Emergency when he is satisfied a situation exists that warrants its imposition. In the case that a President of Pakistan declares a State of Emergency, the National Assembly has to approve it within 30 days. However, Musharraf

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urban planning, has weakened the writ of the government; the police force has been completely demoralized and is fast losing its efficacy to fight terrorism and intelligence agencies have been thwarted in their activities and prevented from pursuing terrorists; WHEREAS some hard-core militants, extremists, terrorists and suicide bombers, who were arrested and being investigated, were ordered to be released. The persons so released have subsequently been involved in heinous terrorist activities, resulting in loss of human life and property. Militants across the country have, thus, been encouraged while law-enforcement agencies subdued; WHEREAS some judges by overstepping the limits of judicial authority have taken over the executive and legislative functions; WHEREAS the government is committed to the independence of the judiciary and the rule of law and holds the superior judiciary in high esteem, it is nonetheless of paramount importance that the honourable judges confine the scope of their activity to the judicial function and not assume charge of administration; WHEREAS an important constitutional institution, the Supreme Judicial Council, has been made entirely irrelevant and non est by a recent order and judges have, thus, made themselves immune from inquiry into their conduct and put themselves beyond accountability; WHEREAS the humiliating treatment meted to government officials by some members of the judiciary on a routine basis during court proceedings has demoralised the civil bureaucracy and senior government functionaries, to avoid being harassed, prefer inaction; WHEREAS the law and order situation in the country as well as the economy have been adversely affected and trichotomy of powers eroded;

2007 Pakistani state of emergency
WHEREAS a situation has thus arisen where the government of the country cannot be carried on in accordance with the Constitution and as the Constitution provides no solution for this situation, there is no way out except through emergent and extraordinary measures; AND WHEREAS the situation has been reviewed in meetings with the prime minister, governors of all four provinces, and with Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Chiefs of the Armed Forces, ViceChief of Army Staff and Corps Commanders of the Pakistan Army; NOW, THEREFORE, in pursuance of the deliberations and decisions of the said meetings, I, General Pervez Musharraf, Chief of the Army Staff, proclaim Emergency throughout Pakistan. 2. I, hereby, order and proclaim that the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan shall remain in abeyance. This Proclamation shall come into force at once.

Text of Provisional Constitutional Order 2007
Following is the text of Provisional Constitutional Order (PCO) promulgated by Chief of the Army Staff Gen Pervez Musharraf[20]: “ In pursuance of the Proclamation of the 3rd day of November, 2007, and in exercise of all powers enabling him in that behalf, the Chief of Army Staff, under the Proclamation of Emergency of the 3rd day of November, 2007, is pleased to make and promulgate the following Order: (1) This Order may be called the Provisional Constitution Order No 1 of 2007. (2) It extends to the whole of Pakistan. (3) It shall come into force at once. 2. (1) Notwithstanding the abeyance of the provisions of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, hereinafter referred to as the Constitution, Pakistan shall, subject to this Order and any other ”

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Order made by the President, be governed, as nearly as may be, in accordance with the Constitution. Provided that the President may, from time to time, by Order amend the Constitution, as is deemed expedient: Provided farther that the Fundamental Rights, under Articles 9, 10, 15,16,17,19 and 25, shall remain suspended. (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Proclamation of the 3rd day of November, 2007, or this Order or any other law for the time being in force, all provisions of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan embodying Islamic injunctions including Articles 2, 2A, 31, 2O3A, 227 to 231 and 260 (3) (a) and (b) shall continue to be in force. (3) Subject to clause (1) above and the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2007, all courts in existence immediately before the commencement of this Order shall continue to function and to exercise their respective powers and jurisdiction: Provided that the Supreme Court or a High Court and any other court shall not have the power to make any order against the President or the Prime Minister or any person exercising powers or jurisdiction under their authority. (4) All persons who immediately before the commencement of this Order were in office as judges of the Supreme Court, the Federal Shariat Court or a High Court, shall be governed by and be subject to the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2007, and such further Orders as the President may pass. (5) Subject to clause (1) above, the Majlis-i-Shoora (Parliament) and the Provincial Assemblies shall continue to function. (6) All persons who, immediately before the commencement of this Order, were holding any service, post or office in connection with the affairs of the federation or of a province, including an All Pakistan Service, service in the armed forces

2007 Pakistani state of emergency
and any other service declared to be a service of Pakistan by or under Act of Majlis-i-Shoora (Parliament) or of a Provincial Assembly, or Chief Election Commissioner or Auditor General, shall continue in the said service on the same terms and conditions and shall enjoy the same privileges, if any, unless these are changed under Orders of the President. 3. (1) No court, including the Supreme Court, the Federal Shariat Court, and the High Courts, and any tribunal or other authority, shall call or permit to be called in question this Order, the Proclamation of Emergency of the 3rd day of November, 2007, the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2007, or any Order made in pursuance thereof. (2) No judgment, decree, writ, order or process whatsoever shall be made or issued by any court or tribunal against the President or the Prime Minister or any authority designated by the President. 4. (1) Notwithstanding the abeyance of the provisions of the Constitution, but subject to the Orders of the President, all laws other than the Constitution, all ordinances, orders, rules, bye-laws, regulations, notifications and other legal instruments in force in any part of Pakistan, whether made by the President or the governor of a province, shall continue in force until altered, or repealed by the President or any authority designated by him. 5. (1) Any ordinance promulgated by the President or by the governor of a province shall not be subject to any limitations as to duration prescribed in the Constitution. (2) The provisions of clause (1) shall also apply to an ordinance issued by the President or by a governor which was in force immediately before the commencement of the Proclamation of Emergency of the 3rd day of November, 2007. ->

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2007 Pakistani state of emergency
Early Sunday morning Pervez Musharraf addressed Pakistan for the first time since declaring the state of emergency[26] in a speech broadcast on state-run PTV. The following is a translation of Musharaf’s speech from the original Urdu: [27] “ Today I make this address because ” our country is at a dangerous juncture, facing a national crisis. Throughout history, nations have often had to make difficult decisions. That time has come now for Pakistan — we have to make important and painful decisions. If these decisions are not made then Pakistan’s future is at stake. Before saying anything further, I promise that the decision I have made is, first of all, for the sake of Pakistan. Pakistan is above all personal interests. The people of Pakistan should agree with me on this. In the last few months, our situation has changed dramatically. Terrorism and Extremism are rampant. Suicide bombings are widespread. In Karachi, Rawalpindi, Sargodha, fanaticism is now common. Fundamentalist extremists are everywhere. They are not afraid of law-enforcement agencies. What was confined to the frontier areas, has now extended to many other areas. Extremism has spread even to Islamabad - the heart of Pakistan. The people are worried. The extremists are trying to take the authority and power of the government into their own hands. They want to impose their outdated religious views upon the people. In my eyes, this is a direct challenge to Pakistan’s future as a moderate nation.

Supreme Court and PCO 2007
On 2 November 2007 Barrister Aitzaz Ahsan submitted an application to the Supreme Court asking that the Government be restrained from imposing martial law in Pakistan.[21] To this application a seven panel Supreme Court bench issued a stay order on 3 November 2007 against the imposition of an emergency. The bench was headed by Chief Justice Iftikhar Mohammad Chaudhry. The other members of the bench were Justice Rana Bhagwandas, Justice Javed Iqbal, Justice Mian Shakirullah Jan, Justice Nasirul Mulk, Justice Raja Fayyaz, and Justice Ghulam Rabbani. This stay order was ignored by the Chief of Army Staff and the emergency was imposed across the country. On 24 November 2007, a seven panel bench of newly constituted supreme court, after imposition of PCO, validated the imposition of emergency and the promulgation of the Provisional Constitution Order issued by the Chief of the Army Staff. The bench was headed by Chief Justice Abdul Hameed Dogar. The other members were Justice Ejazul Hassan, Justice Muhammad Qaim Jan Khan, Justice Muhammad Moosa K Laghari, Justice Chaudhry Ejaz Yousaf, Justice Muhammad Akhtar Shabbir, and Justice Zia Pervez. Supreme Court on November 3, 2007 (prior to imposition of emergency)

Speech to the nation

President Musharraf addresses Pakistan for the first time since state of emergency was announced, shown here on CNN-IBN.

Musharraf also referred to US President Abraham Lincoln, saying that Lincoln’s suspension of Habeas corpus during the American Civil War in order to save the nation was analogous to his declaration of a state of emergency for Pakistan.[28] Musharraf has said that the forthcoming election date will not be affected by the declaration.

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Name

2007 Pakistani state of emergency

Appointed Normal Action on PCO oath Retirement

Hon. Chief Justice February December refused PCO oath, (Later restored on March [22] 11, 2013[23] 22, 2009) Iftikhar Muhammad 4, 2000 Chaudhry Hon. Justice Rana Bhagwandas Hon. Justice Javed Iqbal Mr. Abdul Hameed Dogar February December [22] 20, 2007 4, 2000 April 28, 2000[22] April 28, 2000[22] July 31, 2011[23] March 21, 2009[23] refused PCO oath, (Retired after deposed) refused PCO oath, (Later accepted a civil job in de-jure days, restored on March 17, 2009) took PCO Oath on November 3, 2007, made Chief Justice

Hon. Justice Sardar January Muhammad Raza 10, Khan 2002[22] Hon. Justice Khalil- January ur-Rehman Ramday 10, 2002[22] Mr. Muhammad Nawaz Abbasi Mr. Faqir Muhammad Khokhar Hon. Justice Falak Sher Hon. Justice Mian Shakirullah Jan January 10, 2002[22] January 10, 2002[22] June 9, 2002[22] July 31, 2004[22]

February 9, refused PCO oath, (Later accepted an re2010[23] appointment on September 19, 2008, during democratic period) January 12, refused PCO oath, (Later on March 17, 2009) 2010[23] June 7, 2008 April 15, 2010[23] took PCO Oath on November 3, 2007

took PCO Oath on November 3, 2007

September refused PCO oath, (Retired after deposed) 21, 2008[23][24] August 17, 2012[23] refused PCO oath, (Later accepted an reappointment on September 5, 2008, during democratic period)

Mr. M. Javed Buttar July 31, 2004[22] Hon. Justice Tassaduq Hussain Jillani Mr. Saiyed Saeed Ashhad Hon. Justice Nasirul-Mulk July 31, 2004[22] April 5, 2005[23] April 5, 2005[23]

November took PCO Oath on November 3, 2007 15, 2013[23] July 5, 2014[23] October 7, 2008[23] August 16, 2015[23] refused PCO oath, (Later accepted an reappointment on September 5, 2008, during democratic period) took PCO Oath on November 3, 2007 refused PCO oath, (Later accepted an reappointment on September 19, 2008, during democratic period) refused PCO oath, (Later restored on March 17, 2009) refused PCO oath, (Later restored on March 17, 2009)

Hon. Justice Raja September May 31, Muhammad Fayyaz 14, 2011[23] Ahmad 2005[23] Hon. Justice Ch. Ijaz Ahmad Hon. Justice Syed Jamshed Ali September May 4, 14, 2010[23] 2005[23]

September September refused PCO oath, (Later accepted an re14, 30, 2008[23] appointment on September 5, 2008, during [23] 2005 democratic period)

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Hon. Justice Ghulam Rabbani September 14, 2006[25]

2007 Pakistani state of emergency
refused PCO oath, and retired while deposed. On April 12, 2009 he was reappointed as justice of supreme court Hussain, Justice Aamir Hani Muslim, Justice Gulzar Ahmed, Justice Maqbool Baqar, Justice Muhammad Athar Saeed, Justice Faisal Arab, Justice Sajjad Ali Shah, Justice Zafar Ahmed Khan Sherwani, Justice Salman Ansari, Justice Abdul Rashid Kalwar and Justice Arshad Siraj[32]. According to the notification ten justices of Lahore High Court were notified to cease to hold office. They were Justice Khawja Muhammad Sharif, Justice Mian Saqib Nisar, Justice Asif Saeed Khan Khosa, Justice Muhammad Tahir Ali, Justice Ijaz Ahmad Chaudhry, Justice M. A. Shahid Siddiqui, Justice Muhammad Jehangir Arshad, Justice Sheikh Azmat Saeed, Justice Umar Atta Bandial and Justice Iqbal Hameed-ur-Rehman[32]. According to the notification two justices of Peshawar High Court were notified to cease to hold office. They were Justice Ijaz Afzal Khan and Justice Dost Muhammad Khan[32]. Note: All justices of High Court of Balochistan had taken oath on PCO.

Impact on Higher Judiciary
The judges of Supreme Court, Federal Shariat Court and four High Courts were asked to take oath on PCO. Some of the judges opted to take oath on PCO immediately, while some took over period of time and some remained steadfast in refusing to take oath on PCO. Immediately after emergency, from 18 Supreme Court justices, only five judges took oath on PCO. Initially in Islamabad, Abdul Hameed Dogar who was inducted the new Chief Justice, Muhammad Nawaz Abbasi, Justice Khokhar and M. Javed Buttar took oath under PCO[29]. Later in the evening, in Karachi Saiyed Saeed Ashhad also took oath on PCO on November 3, 2007[30]. From the remaining judges, Justice Javed Iqbal, Justice Falak Sher, Justice Sardar Muhammad Raza Khan, Justice Mian Shakir Ullah Jan, Justice Tassaduq Hussain Jillani, Justice Nasir ul Mulk, Justice Chaudhry Ejaz Ahmed, Justice Raja Fayyaz, Justice Syed Jamshed Ali and Justice Ghulam Rabbani declined invitation to take oath of supreme court took oath on PCO. The Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, Justice Rana Bhagwandas and Justice Khalil-ur-Rehman Ramday also did not take oath on PCO nor were they offered to. On December 3, 2007 federal government issued notification of removal of three justices of Supreme Court without any retirement privileges. They were Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, Justice Rana Bhagwandas and Justice Khalil-ur-Rehman Ramday[31]. On December 3, 2007 federal government issued another notification that in pursuance to Article 3 of the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2007 (Order No. 1 of 2007), 24 judges of the High Courts of Sindh, Punjab and NWFP have ceased to hold office, with effect from November 3, 2007, the day emergency was proclaimed in the country[32]. According to the notification twelve justices of Sindh High Court were notified to cease to hold office. They were Justice Rahmat Hussain Jafferi, Justice Khilji Arif

Events during the state of emergency
The Pakistani public largely ignored the call of politicians and activists to come out on the streets to protest against the imposition of emergency rule. Hence no major mass public protests were witnessed during the duration of the emergency and the reaction of the public to the calls of protest remained mute throughout. However, opinion polls reflected strong public opposition to imposition of state of emergency. 67% demanded General Musharraf’s resignation where as 71% said they opposed the suspension of Constitution. More than 70% people surveyed said that they were opposed to closure of private television channels, arrest of Chief Justices and mass arrests.[33] Islamabad:International broadcasts and local phones were blocked in some locations. [34] Additionally, barriers and barbed wires were erected at important points in the capital.[35]

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Aitzaz Ahsan, a member of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), attorney and president of the Supreme Court Bar Association, was arrested at his home.[36] :Key opposition figures and senior lawyers were also placed under house arrest. It should be noted that all were released in a couple of days time. Hundreds of students joined in protests lead by faculty of Quaid-e-Azam University, they were joined by scores of civil rights activists. Police presence forced students to ’flash demonstrations’ and prompt disbanding.[37] Lahore: After the announcement of emergency, police acted swiftly to arrest thousands of lawyers, human rights activists and politicians. Crackdowns were made throughout night of November Third to thwart any opposition. All members of HRCP, Human Rights Commission of Pakistan including Asma Jehangir and Salima Hashmi were jailed. The Mall Road, where official buildings including Secretariat, Governor House, and High Court remained barricaded at a number of points. There were protests at all universities of the city, Pakistan’s leading university LUMS, Punjab University, Beaconhouse National University, National College of Arts, Government College, Foreman Christian College and others. The students also led the fight on internet where thousands of blog unanimously denounced the State of Emergency. [38][39] Faisalabad: Heavy contingents of police was deployed in the eight major bazaars of the city and the district courts. Hundreds of lawyers, civil rights activists, journalists, media persons and political activists protested, prompting brutal use of force and baton charging by police. Police also sealed the courts and the press club.[40] Sialkot Opposition leader Khawaja M. Asif, Member of the National Assembly (MNA), was placed under house arrest shortly after the declaration of emergency. As of November 7, he has been arrested, by order of the Pakistan Army, and taken to an undisclosed location. Khawaja Asif is a member of the Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML(N)), the party headed by exiled Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif..

2007 Pakistani state of emergency
Peshawar Army pickets were established in Peshawar, the capital of North-West Frontier Province bordering Afghanistan.[41] Hundreds of protesters joined processions lead by the local Awami National Party forcing police to arrest all local political leadership of opposition parties to crush demonstrations.[42] Southern Pakistan Karachi Reports from inside Karachi state that situation remained peaceful and not entirely different than any other weekend.[43] Quetta The police also picked up five lawyers from southwestern Quetta, who were known as staunch supporters of Chaudhry.[44] Nationalist opposition leaders Mehmood Khan Achakzai and Qadir Magsi were detained in their home towns in southern Pakistan.[44] • BBC: On 3 November, 2007 BBC opened debate on the Emergency and more than 10,000 comments were received, many against emergency rule.|BBC • By the end of November 5, 2007 over 3,500 people had been arrested. Most of these were lawyers, civil rights leaders and members of the political parties. [45] But almost all of them were soon released and by the time the emergency ended, all arrested had been released. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Louise Arbour also reported that a Pakistani UN official, Asma Jahangir, was among the judicial and political officials detained. [46] The vast majority of the detained were released within a two week period and the remainder released in the following days. • On November 14, 2007, former Cricketer and Opposition Leader Imran Khan arrived at Punjab University to take part in a protest with the students. However, Imran Khan’s presence enraged some students, who felt he was attempting to take credit for their efforts and also because the students had previously made it clear that politicians were not welcome

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in their protests. As a result, some students of the Opposition Jamaat-e-Islami party manhandled Imran Khan soon after his arrival, locked him up in the University for around two hours, and later handed him over to the local police[47]. • While some Pakistani expatriates called November 3, 2007 a Black Day in the History of Pakistan, when General Musharraf declared a state of emergency in Pakistan, [2], [3], other expatriate Pakistanis also supported Musharraf’s decision to impose a brief emergency rule in Pakistan and held pro-Musharraf rallies in London [48], Toronto, Brussel, and other Western cities.

2007 Pakistani state of emergency

Effect on the economy
The Pakistani stock market was the first to react, with the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) falling by more than 4.6% on the first day of the emergency.[51]. Investors in the United Kingdom pulled back $26.27 million while investors in the United States withdrew $51.93 million. It’s estimated that more than $235 million in total were withdrawn from the KSE during the emergency.[52] Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services also revised its outlook on the long-term foreign and local currency sovereign credit ratings of Pakistan from stable to negative.[53] The Dutch government froze development aid to Pakistan in response to the imposition of emergency rule. Deputy Minister for Development Bert Koenders decided to suspend the remainder of the €15 million (US$22 million) that had yet to be paid in 2007.[54].

Ban on media
With the imposition of emergency a media blackout followed. National channels like, ARY One World, GEO TV, Aaj tv and other channels were also blocked. General Musharaff maintained that these channels were creating discord, misrepresenting facts, were not responsible, and were contributing to the instability of the nation. The Government also cracked down on international channels like BBC and CNN. ARY reported that authorities in Dubai had asked the network’s administration to close down its operations. The network said no reason had been given for the move. [49] The government expelled three journalists from the British news paper the Daily Telegraph after calling general Musharaff "our son of a bitch" [50]. This is an allusion to Franklin D. Roosevelt’s defence of Nicaragua’s heavy-handed but U.S.-backed dictator, Anastasio Somoza García. However this is still viewed as an extremely severe insult in Pakistan. On 21 November 2007 two thousand detainees under the Emergency were released, but 3,000 remained in detention, according to London’s Metro newspaper. The recent attacks on a 10 km road race in the Punjab, which included women and resulted in a gun battle is viewed as the Talibanization of Pakistan, to which Musharraf is opposed. [4]. Musharraf’s Govt. arrested moderate groups of society such as Human Rights Activists, Lawyers and [5].

Reaction
Pakistan
People of Pakistan
So far the majority of Pakistanis have not heeded calls to protest. The public is not directly affected by this declaration. Only those who are politically active were involved in the protest. Many lawyers who previously protested during the CJP saga have kept off the streets. However, it should be noted that hundreds of lawyers are detained. Also, the vast majority of lawyers have boycotted the High Courts all over the nation. Opposition parties and the majority of lawyers have joined protests. So far the largest protest was held on 5 November when 2000 Lawyers marched in Lahore. But as the emergency prolonged the people came out on the streets in relatively small numbers because of the police brutality against protesters. Still regular protests took place in all the cities of Pakistan & lawyers boycotted courts throughout the country for 3-4 weeks.

Opposition leaders
The AP reported that Benazir Bhutto was greeted by supporters chanting slogans at the airport.[55] After staying in her plane for several hours she was driven to her home in

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Karachi, accompanied by hundreds of supporters.[56] On November 8, Bhutto was placed under house arrest by the Pakistani government. After one day the house arrest was lifted. Bhutto said that the election date set of 15 February 2008 was "too vague" and planned to undertake a "long march" in car procession around Pakistan, as she did before, protesting against Nawaz Sharif. The Army cautioned her against this, citing the risk of further suicide bomb attacks. On 12 November 2007 she was again placed under house arrest for a week to prevent this happening. Musharraf also gave the election date as 9 January 2008. Bhutto rejected this as being too soon after emergency rule. Subsequently Bhutto was released from house arrest again, but the Daily Jang (20 Nov.07)reported the Attorney General, Mohammed Qayyum as saying that five writs were to be heard to revoke her immunity from prosecution on corruption charges, which claim that only the judiciary had the right to grant immunity not President Musharraf. Qayyum described them as "likely to succeed". Bhutto had by 25 November filed nomination papers for the 8 January elections, despite not confirming her intention to boycott them. Former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif said that "Imposing emergency is another form of terrorism."[57] The acting head of the former Prime Minister’s political party, Javed Hashmi, who was arrested, stated, "People will win. Generals will lose. They have to surrender."[57] On 23 November 2007 it was announced in the Guardian that Nawaz Sharif would return to Pakistan after the King of Saudi Arabia reportedly told Musharaf that they would not keep him in Saudi Arabia and he landed in Lahore on 25 November in a Saudi aircraft, with his wife, Kulsoom and brother Shabaz. He has said that he wishes to restore democracy from dictatorship, but has not said whether he will boycott the elections in January. Neither has Bhutto, but she had already filed nomination papers. Sharif filed nomination papers the day after his return, but has said that he would not serve as Prime Minister under Musharraf. Former cricket star turned politician Imran Khan was held under house arrest, which he subsequently escaped to join a student rally in Lahore. He was detained by students from Jamaat-e-Islami until arrested by police on charges of terrorism, for calling on

2007 Pakistani state of emergency
Pakistanis to "rise up and overthrow" the Government. On 21 November 2007, he was released and his party boycotted the forthcoming elections. The Minister of the State for Information, Tariq Azim Khan, said on television media that the elections in Pakistan scheduled for January would be delayed indefinitely.[57][8] President Musharraf later announced that elections would be held by mid-February. [58]

Judges
The new Provisional Constitutional Order required judges to retake an oath of allegiance to Musharraf. Many refused to do so, including 15 Supreme Court judges. Additionally, only a fraction of the judges in Pakistan’s provinces took the new oath: in Punjab 12 out of 31, in Sindh 4 out of 27, in the NorthWest Frontier Province 7 out of 15, and in Balochistan 5 out of 11 retook their oaths.[59] On November 6 Pakistan’s Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry, who is under house arrest, spoke by phone to a group of 500 lawyers. In his statement he said that the constitution had been "ripped to shreds" and that the people should "rise up and restore" it. He added that while he is under guard, he will soon "join you in your struggle."[60] It was alleged that the government used blackmail to get judges to take oath under the new PCO. Videos were sent out to at least three of the 11 judges as they were whether General Pervez Musharraf was eligible to run for president. [61] Around 60 judges refused to take oath under "PCO", which includes,no judgment can be passed against any government even found guilty. On 20 November 2007 it was reported in the Daily Jang that a newly-appointed Supreme Court had dismissed five writs challenging Musharraf’s confirmation as president and was waiting to adjudicate the sixth. Another from the Pakistan Peoples Party was withdrawn as the originators do not recognize the new court. The Court has threatened to revoke the license of any lawyer not recognizing its authority. Packing the Supreme Court with supporters is not unusual. Previously Musharraf appointed Iftikar Chaudhry as his nominee and the previous prime minster Nawaz Sharif also packed the judiciary with his sympathizers.

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2007 Pakistani state of emergency

Restoration
All judges have been restored by the order of Prime Minister.[62]

Religious leaders
Qazi Hussain Ahmed called for protests in order to overthrow the "the military dictator," during a speech near the outside of Lahore to 20,000 of his followers.[57] He is an Islamic leader of MMA, a religious alliance opposing Musharraf.

Lawyer community strike
Deposed chief justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry called on lawyers nationwide on November 11 to defy baton-wielding police and protest President Gen. Pervez Musharraf’s imposition of emergency rule.[63] "Go to every corner of Pakistan and give the message that this is the time to sacrifice," Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, who is under virtual house arrest in Islamabad, told lawyers by mobile phone. "Don’t be afraid. God will help us and the day will come when you’ll see the constitution supreme and no dictatorship for a long time." The President of the Supreme Court Bar Association and other legal leaders were taken into custody immediately after the imposition of emergency rule. As a result, the Pakistan lawyer community called for a nationwide strike on November 5, 2007 against Musharraf’s decision to impose emergency rule.

International
The immediate response from most countries has been critical, with the measures viewed as running counter to liberal-democratic reforms.

See also
• 1999 Pakistani coup d’état • Coup d’etat • Benazir Bhutto assassination

References
[1] "Musharraf imposes emergency rule". Dawn. 2007-11-03. http://www.dawn.com/2007/11/04/ top1.htm. Retrieved on 2007-11-03. [2] "Martial law declared in Pakistan". CNN. 2007-11-03. http://www.cnn.com/2007/

WORLD/asiapcf/11/03/ pakistan.emergency/index.html. Retrieved on 2007-11-03. [3] Carlotta Gall (2007-11-28). "Musharraf Quits Pakistani Army Post". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/ 2007/11/29/world/asia/29pakistan.html. Retrieved on 2007-11-28. [4] "Justice Iftikhar ‘stayed’ emergency, PCO". Daily Times (Pakistan). 2007-11-04. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/ default.asp?page=2007%5C11%5C04%5Cstory_4-11 [5] "Pakistan emergency likely to end in 2-3 weeks: official". B92 News World World. 2007-11-07. http://www.b92.net/eng/ news/worldarticle.php?yyyy=2007&mm=11&dd=07&nav_id=45 [6] "Musharraf vows to end emergency". BBC News. 2007-11-29. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/ 7119416.stm. [7] "Musharraf: Emergency halted destruction". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/ 2007/WORLD/asiapcf/12/15/ pakistan.emergency.ap/index.html. Retrieved on 2007-12-15. [8] ^ "Pakistan PM: State of emergency to last ’as long as necessary’". CNN. 2007-11-04. http://www.cnn.com/2007/ WORLD/asiapcf/11/04/pakistan/ index.html. Retrieved on 2007-11-04. [9] "Musharraf vows polls in February". BBC News. 2007-11-08. http://news.bbc.co.uk/ 2/hi/south_asia/7084839.stm. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. [10] "Bhutto’s ’long march is illegal’". BBC News. 2007-11-12. http://news.bbc.co.uk/ 2/hi/south_asia/7090457.stm. [11] "Election Tracker: Pakistan". Angus Reid Global Monitor. http://www.angusreid.com/tracker/ index.cfm?fuseaction=viewItem&itemID=15363. Retrieved on 2007-07-09. [12] "Boycotts and Legal Fight Cloud Victory for Musharraf". New York Times. 2007-10-06. http://www.nytimes.com/ 2007/10/07/world/asia/07pakistan.html. [13] "Musharraf court ruling ’delayed’". BBC News. 2007-11-01. http://news.bbc.co.uk/ 2/hi/south_asia/7072899.stm. Retrieved on 2007-11-03. [14] "Musharraf invokes emergency rule". Reuters. 2007-11-03. http://ca.today.reuters.com/news/ newsArticle.aspx?type=topNews&storyID=2007-11-0

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2007 Pakistani state of emergency

PAKISTAN-EMERGENCY-COL.XML. http://www.thenews.com.pk/ Retrieved on 2007-11-03. print3.asp?id=10976. Retrieved on [15] "Pakistan emergency to end in 1 month". 2009-04-21. AP. 2007-11-10. http://news.yahoo.com/s/ [30] Associated Press of Pakistan (November ap/20071110/ap_on_re_as/ 3, 2007). "????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? pakistan;_ylt=ApJBT23ZX2ZFFRD8hp8_pf5I2ocA. ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???". Retrieved on 2007-11-10. Associated Press of Pakistan. [16] "SC says Musharraf verdict by Nov. 6 as http://www.app.com.pk/ud_/ govt. rules out martial law". The Hindu. index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=453 2007-11-02. http://www.hindu.com/ Retrieved on 2009-04-21. thehindu/holnus/001200711021719.htm. [31] "Pak formally sacks deposed SC judges Retrieved on 2007-11-03. including Chaudhry". ZEE NEWS. [17] "Text of ’Proclamation of emergency’". December 5, 20007. 2007-11-03. http://www.app.com.pk/en/ http://www.zeenews.com/South-Asia/ index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20109&Itemid=1. 2007-12-05/411442news.html. Retrieved Retrieved on 2007-11-03. on 2009-04-21. [18] "Text of Provisional Constitutional [32] ^ APP (December 5, 20007). "24 judges Order". 2007-11-03. of high courts ‘cease to hold office’". http://www.app.com.pk/en/ DAWN (Pakistan). http://www.dawn.com/ index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20114&Itemid=1. 2007/12/05/top4.htm. Retrieved on Retrieved on 2007-11-03. 2009-04-21. [19] Text of the Proclamation of Emergency [33] 67pc want Musharraf to step down: 2007 survey: •57pc against emergency [20] Text Provisional Constitutional Order •Action against judges unpopular -DAWN 2007 - Top Stories; December 14, 2007 [21] "Pakistan Supreme Court to rule on [34] "Emergency Rule in Pakistan". Musharraf presidential bid within days". 2007-11-03. 2007-11-02. http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/ http://www.metroblogging.com/news/old/ paperchase/2007/11/pakistan-supreme2007/11/emergency_rule.phtml. court-to-rule-on.php. [35] "Emergency in Pakistan: Martial Law [22] ^ Supreme Court Annual Report 2004 imposed. Media blackout". CNN. [23] ^ Supreme Court Report Golden Jubilee 2007-11-03. http://edition.cnn.com/2007/ Edition 2006 WORLD/asiapcf/11/03/ [24] The News pakistan.emergency/index.html. [25] http://www.paktribune.com/news/ Retrieved on 2007-11-03. index.shtml?154123 [36] "Crackdown on lawyers, politicians". [26] "Emergency Imposed in Pakistan: 2007-11-04. Harbinger of Change or More of the http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/ Same?". Desicritics. 2007-11-03. default.asp?page=2007%5C11%5C04%5Cstory_4-11 http://desicritics.org/2007/11/03/ [37] Civil society, students hold protest 143625.php. Retrieved on 2007-11-03. rallies : Emergency condemned -DAWN [27] "President Pervaiz Musharaf’s address to National; November 07, 2007 the nation". Daily Jang. 2007-11-03. [38] ‘Brute’ use of force on LHC premises http://www.jang.com.pk/jang/ DAWN - National; November 06, 2007 nov2007-daily/03-11-2007/ [39] Students’ rare show against emergency update.htm#89. Retrieved on DAWN - National; November 06, 2007 2007-11-03. [40] Police seal district courts, press club [28] "Pervez Musharraf spoils for a fight as he DAWN - National; November 06, 2007 declares emergency rule". The Times. [41] "Mush appoints new chief justice after 2007-11-04. Emergency". IBN Live. 2007-11-03. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/ http://www.ibnlive.com/news/mushworld/asia/article2800993.ece. Retrieved appoints-new-chief-justice-afteron 2007-11-04. emergency/51684-2.html. Retrieved on [29] "Majority of judges refuse to take oath 2007-11-07. under new PCO". Daily News, Pakistan. [42] Senior PML-N, ANP leaders arrested November 3, 2007. DAWN - National; November 07, 2007

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[43] "Things stay peaceful". Metroblogging 05/europe/EU-GEN-NetherlandsKarachi. 2007-11-03. Pakistan.php. Retrieved on 2007-11-15. http://karachi.metblogs.com/archives/ [55] "Pakistani opposition leader Bhutto 2007/11/things_stay_pea.phtml. returns to Karachi". PR Inside. [44] ^ "Cricketer Khan, opposition figures 2007-11-03. http://www.pr-inside.com/ arrested in Pakistan". pakistani-opposition-leader-bhuttoChannelNewsAsia.com. 2007-11-03. returns-r281794.htm. Retrieved on http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/ 2007-11-03. afp_asiapacific/view/309525/1/.html. [56] "Benazir returns to Pak, faces no Retrieved on 2007-11-04. problem". IBN Live. 2007-11-03. [45] "As many as 3,500 detained in Pakistan". http://www.ibnlive.com/news/benazirhttp://www.nydailynews.com/news/ returns-to-pak-faces-no-problem/ wn_report/2007/11/05/ 51692-2.html. Retrieved on 2007-11-03. 2007-11-05_as_many_as_3500_detained_in_pakistan.html. [57] ^ "Musharraf tries to stifle outcry over [46] "UN’s top rights official voices alarm at emergency rule". Reuters. 2007-11-04. imposition of state of emergency". http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/ United Nations. 2007-11-05. idUSCOL19928320071104?pageNumber=2. http://www.un.org/apps/news/ Retrieved on 2007-11-04. story.asp?NewsID=24527&Cr=Pakistan&Cr1=. "Musharraf Announces Elections for [58] Retrieved on 2007-11-05. February". NPR. 2007-11-08. [47] See the BBC report: [1] Pakistan police http://www.npr.org/templates/story/ charge Imran Khan story.php?storyId=16126298. Retrieved [48] app - PML-Q to hold pro-Musharraf rally on 2007-11-08. on November 24 [59] "75 Pakistani judges refuse allegiance to [49] "News channels of Geo, ARY shut down". Musharraf". Mangalorean. 2007-11-04. DAWN Group of Newspapers, 2007. http://mangalorean.com/ 2007-11-17. http://dawn.com/2007/11/17/ news.php?newstype=local&newsid=57303. top5.htm. Retrieved on 2007-11-17. Retrieved on 2007-11-04. [50] "UK reporters ordered out of Pakistan". [60] "Top judge attacks Musharraf rule". Irishtimes. 10/11/2007 16:14. BBC. 2007-11-06. http://news.bbc.co.uk/ http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ 2/hi/south_asia/7080433.stm. Retrieved breaking/2007/1110/breaking32.htm. on 2007-11-07. Retrieved on 2007-11-05. [61] "Judges ruling on general faced sex [51] "Pakistani shares drop over 2 pct on blackmail". Timesonline. 2007-11-06. dicey politics". Reuters. 15 November http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/ 2007. http://uk.reuters.com/article/ world/asia/article2848490.ece. Retrieved oilRpt/idUKISL27052020071114. on 2007-11-07. Retrieved on 2007-11-15. [62] "Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry restored as [52] "Another outflow of $89 million in a day". Chief Justice of Pakistan". Geo.tv. Daily Times. 2007-11-15. 2008-11-16. http://www.geo.tv/ http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/ 3-16-2009/37470.htm. Retrieved on default.asp?page=2007%5C11%5C15%5Cstory_15-11-2007_pg5_9. 2008-11-16. Retrieved on 2007-11-15. [63] The Lawyers’ Movement in Pakistan [53] "S&P: Pakistan Sovereign Ratings Affirmed; Outlook Revised to Negative". CNN.com. November 06, 2007. • Schoresch Davoodi & Adama Sow: The http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/ Political Crisis of Pakistan in 2007 - EPU articles/prnewswire/ Research Papers: Issue 08/07, NYTU12606112007-1.htm. Retrieved on Stadtschlaining 2007 2007-11-15. [54] "Dutch government freezes aid to Pakistan in response to Musharraf’s emergency declaration". International • Emergency 2007 on Wiki Pakistan Herald Tribune. November 5, 2007. • Text of Pakistan emergency declaration http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/11/ • English Summary of the Speech

Literature

External links

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• Pakistan’s Lawless Plight: Prescription for Another Coup?, JURIST, November 4, 2007 • Pakistan’s ’Proclamation of Emergency’, the Judiciary and Other Stories, JURIST. November 3, 2007 • Martial Law by Another Name in Pakistan, JURIST, November 2, 2007

2007 Pakistani state of emergency
• Provisional Constitution Order (constitutional articles suspended). Farrukh Malik. [6]. November 3, 2007

TV Broadcast
• Geo television live video broadcast • Pakistan Politics: videos of news bulletins from banned TVs, regularly updated. Also in audio-only mp3 versions.

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