DOE EIA Distribution Category UC Commercial Buildings Characteristics

DOE/EIA-0246(92) Distribution Category UC-950 Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 April 1994 Energy Information Administration Office of Energy Markets and End Use U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and analytical agency within the Department of Energy. The information contained herein should not be construed as advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or any other organization. Contacts The Energy Information Administration (EIA) prepared this publication under the general direction of W. Calvin Kilgore, Director of the Office of Energy Markets and End Use (202-586-1617). The project was directed by Lynda T. Carlson, Director of the Energy End Use and Integrated Statistics Division (EEUISD) (202-586-1112) and Nancy L. Leach, Chief of the Residential and Commercial Branch (202-586-1114). Specific technical information may be obtained from the Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) Manager, Martha Johnson (202-586-1135). The FAX number for all EEUISD personnel is 202-586-0018. For detailed technical questions on the topics indicated, refer to the following members of the EEUISD: CBECS Manager At a Glance - Highlights on Commercial Buildings from the 1992 CBECS Where Commercial Buildings are Located Commercial Buildings in 1992 Conservation and Energy Management Energy Sources and End Uses End-Use Equipment Appendix A and Public Use Data Appendix A Appendix C and Sampling Variances Data Imputations Appendices F, G, and I Sampling Design Appendices B, D, E, H, and Glossary Martha Johnson 202-586-1135 Emilda Rivers Emilda Rivers & Mark Schipper Joelle Davis Christy Hall Jay Olsen David Chu Vickie Moorhead Jay Olsen Jay Olsen & Joelle Davis Hattie Ramseur Robert Latta Emilda Rivers 202-586-5744 202-586-1136 202-586-8952 202-586-1068 202-586-1137 202-586-1121 202-586-1133 202-586-1137 202-586-8952 202-586-1124 202-586-1385 202-586-5744 Support was received from the Bureau of Census, U.S. Department of Commerce and the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE), U.S. Department of Energy, for special components of this survey. See Appendix B, "How the Survey Was Conducted," for a description of the components. ii Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 Contents Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Introduction . . . . . . . . . . Background . . . . . . . . . . Organization of this Report Statistics Reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 3 At a Glance - Highlights on Commercial Buildings in the 1992 CBECS Where Commercial Buildings Are Located . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial Buildings in 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conservation and Energy Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy Sources and End Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . End-Use Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendices A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. Detailed Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How the Survey Was Conducted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonsampling and Sampling Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comparisons of CBECS, 1983 to 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Types of Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Climate Zones and Census Regions and Divisions Maps Survey Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metric Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Related EIA Publications on Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 .6 7 .9 16 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 261 287 299 309 317 321 411 415 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 iii Tables 1. 2. 3. A1. A2. A3. A4. A5. A6. A7. A8. A9. A10. A11. A12. A13. A14. A15. A16. A17. A18. A19. A20. A21. A22. A23. A24. A25. A26. A27. A28. A29. A30. A31. A32. A33. A34. A35. A36. A37. A38. A39. A40. A41. A42. A43. A44. A45. A46. A47. A48. iv Number of Buildings and Floorspace by Census Regions and Divisions, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . Floorspace by Selected Principal Building Activity, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vintage of Buildings with Energy Management and Control Systems (EMCS) . . . . . . . . . Summary Table of Average Square Feet, Hours of Operation, and Age of Building, 1992 . Census Region, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Region, Percent of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Region and Division, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Census Region and Division, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Climate Zone, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metropolitan Status, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Building Size, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Building Size, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Year Constructed, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Year Constructed, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Floors, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Predominant Exterior Wall Material, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Predominant Exterior Wall Material, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Predominant Roof Material, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Predominant Roof Material, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment Size Category, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment Size Category, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weekly Operating Hours, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weekly Operating Hours, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Occupancy of Government-Owned Buildings, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 . Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned Buildings, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned Buildings, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 . . . Multibuilding Facility, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy-Related Space Functions, Number of Buildings, 1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy-Related Space Functions, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional Operating Hours for Equipment Use, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy Sources, Percent of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy Sources, Percent of Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy End Uses, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . End-Use Combinations, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . End-Use Combinations, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cooling Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cooking Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of Floorspace Heated, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of Floorspace Cooled, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of Floorspace Lit, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..6 ..8 . 11 . 28 . 35 . 39 . 43 . 47 . 51 . 56 . 62 . 66 . 70 . 74 . 78 . 81 . 84 . 87 . 90 . 93 . 96 . 99 102 105 111 117 123 125 128 132 136 140 142 144 146 148 150 152 154 157 160 163 166 170 172 174 176 181 185 189 193 A49. A50. A51. A52. A53. A54. A55. A56. A57. A58. A59. A60. A61. A62. A63. A64. A65. A66. A67. A68. A69. A70. B1. B2. B3. C1. C2. D1. D2. D3. D4. D5. D6. D7. H1. Cooling Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cooling Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refrigeration Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refrigeration Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water-Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water-Heating Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lighting Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lighting Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy Conservation Features, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . Building Shell Conservation Features, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Building Shell Conservation Features, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy Management Practices, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy Management Practices, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reduction in Equipment Use During Off Hours, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . Reduction in Equipment Use During Off Hours, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation in Lighting Demand-Side Management (DSM) Programs, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation in Lighting Demand-Side Management (DSM) Programs, Floorspace, 1992 . . Participation in Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Demand-Side Management (DSM) Programs, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation in Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Demand-Side Management (DSM) Programs, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Principal Building Activity, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy Sources Used for Particular End Use, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy Sources Used for Particular End Use, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Area Sampling Rates by Size and Use Class, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number of In-Person Contacts to Obtain a Completed Building Questionnaire, 1992 . . . . . Number and Distribution of 1992 CBECS Sample Buildings by Building Disposition, 1992 Number of Sample Buildings Using Renewable Energy Sources and Special Energy Technologies, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Item Nonresponse Percentages for Selected Building Characteristics, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . CBECS Survey Sample and Design, 1983 to 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comparison of Building Use and Structure Characteristics, 1983 to 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comparison of Energy Sources and End Uses, 1983 to 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comparison of Selected Equipment and Equipment-Related Practices, 1983 to 1992 . . . . . Comparison of Selected Conservation Measures, 1983 to 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Energy-Related Building Characteristics, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expanded Energy-Related Building Characteristics, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metric Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 201 205 207 209 212 215 218 221 225 228 231 235 239 243 . . . . . . . 247 . . . . . . 249 . . . . . . . 251 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 255 256 257 271 279 281 291 293 299 300 302 303 304 305 305 411 Illustrations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Percent of Buildings and Floorspace by Census Regions, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial Building Size, Percent of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . Commercial Building Vintage, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Principal Building Activity, Number of Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Principal Building Activity, Floorspace, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Presence of Lighting Conservation Features by Types of Lighting Equipment, 1992 Person Responsible for the Heating and/or Cooling Equipment, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . Types of Equipment That Were Used Less When the Building Was Closed . . . . . Types of Buildings Most Likely to Participate in DSM, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ownership of Commercial Buildings, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HVAC Conservation Features by Building Ownership, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary Space-Heating Fuel by Building Construction Year, 1986 and 1992 . . . . . Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 10 11 12 13 15 15 16 v 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. A1. B1. B2. Percent of Buildings Using Heating Equipment in 1986 and 1992 CBECS . . . . . . . . . . Percent of Buildings Using Cooling Equipment in 1986 and 1992 CBECS . . . . . . . . . . Percent of Buildings Using Heat Pumps for Heating, by Region, 1986 and 1992 CBECS Percent of Buildings Using Heat Pumps for Cooling, by Region, 1986 and 1992 CBECS Percent of Buildings Using Lighting Equipment, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of Buildings Using Refrigeration Equipment, by Region, 1992 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Use of RSE Row and Column Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Multistage Area Probability Sample for the 1992 CBECS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1992 CBECS Sample Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 . 18 . 19 . 19 . 20 . 20 . 26 268 272 vi Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 Executive Summary Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 presents statistics about the number, type, and size of commercial buildings in the United States as well as their energy-related characteristics. These data are collected in the Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), a national survey of buildings in the commercial sector. The 1992 CBECS is the fifth in a series conducted since 1979 by the Energy Information Administration. Approximately 6,600 commercial buildings were surveyed, representing the characteristics and energy consumption of 4.8 million commercial buildings and 67.9 billion square feet of commercial floorspace nationwide. Overall, the amount of commercial floorspace in the United States increased an average of 2.4 percent annually between 1989 and 1992, while the number of commercial buildings increased an average of 2.0 percent annually. Key Findings • Energy Conservation: Overall, a building’s size, as measured by floorspace, was the overwhelming determinant in whether it practiced energy management or had some type of conservation feature related to the building shell, the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system or the lighting system. Larger buildings were more likely to have either conservation features or practice energy management or both. Building age was important for specific types of energy conservation such as the use of energy management and control systems (EMCS) or lighting features; newer buildings were more likely to have taken these measures. Building age, however, was less relevant for conservation efforts related to the building shell, such as insulation and window treatments, since older buildings can be retrofitted with these features relatively easily. • Demand-Side Management (DSM): Knowledge of utility-sponsored DSM programs appears to be a key factor in whether a building participates in a program. While only 13 percent of the CBECS respondents reported an awareness of utility-sponsored DSM programs, approximately one-third of those who were aware took part in them. However, it should be noted that only 7 percent of all buildings participated in a DSM program. This suggests that there is a large potential for energy savings in the commercial buildings sector through DSM programs. • New Office Buildings: Newer office buildings took advantage of the more energy-efficient lighting and HVAC systems in their construction. Analysis of office buildings constructed after 1986 indicates that these buildings were three times more likely to use compact fluorescent bulbs than office buildings constructed in 1986 or earlier. Newer office buildings also reported the use of variable air-volume (VAV) systems on their heating or cooling units at five times the rate of older office buildings. There was no statistically significant difference between newer and older office buildings in the use of high-intensity discharge (HID) lights or in regularly scheduled HVAC maintenance and repair programs. Approximately 70 percent of all office buildings had regularly scheduled HVAC maintenance and repair programs. • Government-Owned Buildings: The 1992 CBECS shows that Government-owned buildings were more likely to practice energy management than non-government-owned buildings. Approximately 59 percent of government-owned buildings utilized one or more of the following energy management practices: EMCS, DSM, energy audits, or building energy managers. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 vii • Main Heating Fuel: As a main heating fuel, natural gas made inroads in newer buildings. The 1992 CBECS data show that the largest percentage of commercial floorspace in buildings constructed in the 1980’s was primarily heated with electricity; however, the largest percentage of floorspace in buildings constructed between 1990 and 1992 was primarily heated with natural gas. • Energy-Using Equipment: In 1992, more buildings reported the use of packaged cooling units and heat pumps, with a dramatic increase in the use of heat pumps in the West Census Region. Table ES1 provides national and Census regional-level commercial building counts and square footage for the 1986, 1989, and 1992 CBECS. Table ES1. Number and Square Footage of Commercial Buildings by Census Region, 1986, 1989, 1992 Census Regions Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Northeast Midwest South West Floorspace (million square feet) Total Northeast Midwest South West 1986 CBECS 1989 CBECS 1992 CBECS 4,154 663 1,096 1,570 825 58,229 11,830 16,034 19,427 10,937 4,528 783 1,046 1,847 851 63,184 13,569 15,955 22,040 11,620 4,806 771 1,202 1,963 870 67,876 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, 1986, 1989, and 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Surveys. viii Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 Introduction Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 contains detailed tables of the physical and operating characteristics that affect energy use in the U.S. commercial building stock as of 1992. This report, the first of two publications based on data from the 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), contains estimates of the number of buildings and square footage by various energy-related characteristics. Estimates of the actual energy consumption and expenditures for electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and district heat will be reported separately in Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1992 to be published at a later date. The CBECS is the only source of national-level data on both commercial building characteristics and related energy consumption and expenditures. Detailed analysis of 1992 commercial building characteristics, along with an analysis of the energy consumption and expenditures data, will be reported separately following the release of the Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1992 report. A special report covering buildings in the 1980’s will include additional analysis of 1992 commercial buildings characteristics.1 This report is prepared by the Energy End Use and Integrated Statistics Division, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Energy Information Administration (EIA). The EIA is mandated by Congress to be the agency that collects, analyzes, and disseminates impartial, comprehensive data about energy including the volume consumed, its customers, and the purposes for which it is used. To comply with this Congressional mandate, the EIA collects energy data from a variety of supplier and consumer sources, in surveys covering a range of topics.2 Background The CBECS provides basic national-level statistical information on the consumption of energy, expenditures for energy, and energy-related characteristics in commercial buildings. EIA conducts this national sample survey of commercial buildings and their energy suppliers on a triennial basis. Previous surveys were conducted in 1979, 1983, and 1986 under the name Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (NBECS). In 1989, the survey name was changed to Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS). For consistency, all the surveys will be referred to as CBECS in this report. EIA also conducts energy consumption surveys in the residential, residential transportation, and manufacturing sectors. See Appendix I, "Related EIA Publications in Energy Consumption," for a listing of publications from the CBECS and from other EIA consumption surveys. 1 The report, Buildings and Energy in the 1980’s, is planned for early 1995. 2 These surveys can be divided into two broad groups. The first group, supply surveys, are directed to the suppliers and marketers of specific energy sources, and measure the quantities of specific fuels produced and/or supplied to the market. The results of the supply surveys are combined and published in the Monthly Energy Review and other EIA publications. The second group, energy consumption surveys, gathers information directly from the end users of energy on the types of energy used, along with energy-related characteristics. The CBECS belongs to the consumption survey group because it collects information directly from the end user -- commercial buildings. Although there are some elements in common, the supply survey data and the consumption survey data collections have substantially different approaches, capabilities, and objectives. Care must be taken in comparing CBECS data in relation to supply survey data. For a summary of the differences in the commercial sector, see Energy Information Administration, Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector, A Comparison of Measures by Consumption and Supply Surveys, DOE/EIA-0533 (Washington, DC, April 1990) and Energy Information Administration, Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1992 (forthcoming). Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 1 The data for the 1992 commercial building stock were collected on the 1992 CBECS Forms EIA-871A through G. The data included in this report are based on Form EIA-871A, the 1992 Building Questionnaire. Form EIA-871A was used to collect information on building characteristics during a personal interview with building managers, owners, or tenants. All data in this report are aggregated; individual building name and address information is confidential. A longitudinal component was incorporated into the 1992 CBECS by revisiting many of the same buildings that were sampled for the 1986 CBECS. Longitudinal analysis of the 1986/1992 CBECS data will be conducted separately. This report provides descriptions of the 1992 commercial building stock at the national and Census region levels in terms of the following characteristics: • • • • • • • Building Size Principal Building Activity Building Structure Building Use Energy Sources and Energy End Uses Energy-Related Equipment Energy Conservation and Energy Management Features. These data are published to provide meaningful, objective, and accurate energy information for a wide audience including Congress, Federal and State agencies, industry, and the general public. The EIA gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of the respondents for providing the information used to produce the estimates in this report. Organization of this Report The section of the report, "At A Glance" provides several pages of text, graphs, and charts showing some of the more interesting survey results. The appendices are provided for more statistically oriented readers, and readers who want to know the supporting detailed information on the survey. Information about the sample design and data collection procedures is provided in Appendix B, "How the Survey Was Conducted." Adjustments to collected data and factors affecting data quality are discussed in Appendix C, "Nonsampling and Sampling Errors." Appendix D, "Comparisons of CBECS, 1983 to 1992," provides a comparison of the type of data items that have been collected in each CBECS beginning with 1983. A detailed description of the principal building activities is contained in Appendix E, "Types of Buildings." Appendix F, "U.S. Climate Zones and Census Regions and Divisions Maps," contains maps showing the climate zones by which the data are reported and the Census regions and divisions used in this report. All estimates in this report are based on data collected on Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire." This form is found in Appendix G, "Survey Forms." Appendix H provides metric conversion factors. A list of related energy-consumption publications in Appendix I, "Related EIA Publications on Energy Consumption," is for readers interested in earlier CBECS publications, or reports on energy consumption in the other sectors. A glossary of terms is also included to assist users in understanding the statistical and engineering terminology used in this publication. Appendix A, "Detailed Tables," of this report provides extensive crosstabulations of commercial buildings’ characteristics in the United States. The tables are divided into the following seven main categories: Location - Includes Census region, Census division, metropolitan statistical area, and climate zone tables 2 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 Structure - Includes tables pertaining to building size, year constructed, number of floors, and building shell materials Building Use - Includes tables relating to number of workers, operating hours, ownership and occupancy, vacancy rates, multibuilding facilities, and energy-related space functions Energy Sources - Includes total energy sources, and energy sources used for heating, cooling, cooking, heating water, and other energy end uses End-Use Percentages - Includes tables for percent of building space that is heated, cooled, and lit Equipment - Includes tables relating to heating, cooling, refrigeration, water heating and lighting equipment and Conservation Features - Includes tables on building shell conservation features, energy management practices, reduced equipment use in off hours, and participation in lighting and heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) related demand-side management (DSM) programs. The organization of the detailed tables and the procedures for calculating Relative Standard Errors (RSE’s) are explained in Appendix A. Also in Appendix A, a Quick-Reference Guide by topic is provided for the 70 detailed tables. New or expanded tables include more detail on the following: • • • • • • • • Building shape Energy-related space functions Occupancy characteristics Energy-using equipment: refrigerators, freezers, water heaters, and personal computers or terminals Demand-Side Management programs Energy management features Lighting conservation features Characterization of multibuilding facilities such as school campuses and hospital complexes All information in this report is based on the 1992 CBECS data, which can be reproduced using the 1992 CBECS Public-Use Data files. Statistics Reported Commercial Buildings For purposes of the CBECS, a commercial building is a roofed and walled structure whose principal activity is nonresidential, nonagricultural, and nonindustrial. The CBECS population is restricted to buildings larger than 1,000 square feet (roughly twice the size of a two-car garage). Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 3 Principal Building Activity The principal building activity is the activity that occupies the most floorspace in the building. Data were collected for 21 building types. Beginning with the 1992 CBECS, the building type "assembly" was divided into two separate categories, "public assembly" and "religious worship." Data for building types are provided separately in the detailed tables. However, in some instances, the CBECS sample was too small to permit reliable estimates for breakdowns within the 21 categories. Therefore, several types of building activities have been combined in most tables and figures. Inpatient and outpatient health care facilities have been combined into a single health care building type; refrigerated and nonrefrigerated warehouses form a single warehouse category. Skilled nursing buildings have been included in "lodging." The "other" category includes laboratory buildings, with the exception of those laboratory buildings used in academic or technical classroom instruction. Energy Sources The CBECS identifies all energy sources delivered into the building. For certain types of minor energy sources (most notably coal, and such renewable sources as wood, photovoltaic cells (PVC’s), and solar thermal panels), there were too few buildings in the sample to permit separate reporting. Therefore, in most of the tables in this report, coal, wood, PVC’s and solar thermal panels are grouped with "other" under the category "energy sources." District steam and district hot water are combined into "district heat." Main and Secondary Fuels Main and secondary space-heating fuels are distinguished in certain tables but are combined in other tables as "space heating." In previous surveys, very few buildings reported having a secondary water-heating fuel. In 1992, secondary water-heating fuel was not collected. Number of Workers/Operating Hours The 1992 CBECS obtained information on two very important contributing factors to energy consumption --the number of occupants in the building, and the number of hours the building is in use. Specifically, the 1992 CBECS asked for the total number of workers across all shifts as well as the number of workers for the main shift. For comparability with the 1989 CBECS report, only the number of workers during the main shift are included in the 1992 CBECS report. Information was obtained about the regular operating hours and the additional ("shoulder") hours when most of the heating and/or cooling and lighting equipment were in use. Data about both the regular operating hours and the additional hours are included in the detailed tables. Survey Estimates The statistics published in this report are based on a random sample from the population of all commercial buildings in the United States as of fall 1992. As a result, all the numbers are estimates rather than exact measures for the population. As described in Appendix C, the accuracy of each estimate is indicated by the RSE. No estimates were published that were based on data from fewer than 20 sampled buildings or that had an RSE greater than 50 percent. With the exception of Table A1 estimates for median statistics, RSE’s can be calculated for all the estimates in the detailed tables using row/column RSE factors.3 Overall, the RSE’s for the 1992 CBECS are comparable to those for the corresponding aggregates from the 1989 survey, indicating a continuing high accuracy of the survey estimates. 3 See Appendix A "Detailed Tables" for information on how to use the Row/Column factors to calculate an approximate RSE. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 4 At A Glance HIGHLIGHTS ON COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS FROM THE 1992 CBECS This section provides several short synopses of some interesting highlights from the 1992 CBECS. As a result of numerous requests from CBECS data users to expedite the release of the CBECS data, extensive analysis of the data was not conducted at this time. The following are included in this section: Where Commercial Buildings are Located is an overview of the number of commercial buildings and floorspace in the four Census regions and nine Census divisions. Commercial Buildings in 1992 includes information about building size, vintage, and principal building activity. Conservation and Energy Management describes the types of buildings most likely to report the use of energy conservation features or practice energy management. This section also includes brief descriptions of the types of buildings that participated in DSM programs and the types of energy management and conservation practices found in office buildings and government-owned buildings. Energy Sources and End Uses briefly discusses primary space-heating trends and the use of renewables and special technology in commercial buildings. End-Use Equipment includes information about the use of packaged cooling units, heat pumps, commercial lighting, water heating and refrigeration equipment. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 5 Where Commercial Buildings Are Located Table 1. Number of Buildings and Floorspace by Census Regions and Divisions, 1992 Number of Buildings (thousand) 4,806 771 186 585 1,202 749 453 1,963 755 454 754 871 297 574 Total Floorspace (million square feet) 67,876 13,400 3,265 10,135 17,280 10,712 6,568 24,577 10,586 5,375 8,616 12,619 3,645 8,974 Mean Floorspace per Building (thousand square feet) 14.1 17.4 17.6 17.3 14.4 14.3 14.5 12.5 14.0 11.8 11.4 14.5 12.3 15.6 Geographic location affects energy-use patterns because of the regional variations in climate, building materials, and energy sources.4 In 1992, there were 4.8 million commercial buildings in the United States with 67.9 billion square feet. The Northeast had the largest buildings and the South had the smallest buildings (Table 1). The South contained the largest proportion of both buildings (41 percent) and floorspace (36 percent). The Midwest had the second highest proportion of both buildings (25 percent) and floorspace (25 percent) (Figure 1). Census Regions and Divisions Total Northeast New England Middle Atlantic Midwest East North Central West North Central South South Atlantic East South Central West South Central West Mountain Pacific Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A, 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Figure 1. Percent of Buildings and Floorspace by Census Region, 1992 4 Detailed information on the location of 1992 commercial buildings is found in Appendix A, "Detailed Tables," Tables A1 through A7. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 6 Commercial Buildings in 1992 Commercial buildings, in general, are diverse structures with equally complex operations. To depict commercial building use, two measures are employed: building counts and floorspace. These two measures provide different views of commercial building use, which allow the analysis to focus on the characteristics of building use as they relate to either the commercial building stock or the amount of building floorspace. Energy use in commercial buildings is affected by the physical characteristics of the buildings, as well as the efficiency of the equipment and the occupants’ energy-related behavior. Since 1979, the CBECS has consistently collected data about the size, vintage, and principal building activity. Figures 2 through 5 show the size, vintage, and principal building activity.5 Figure 2: Commercial Building Size, Percent of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 Percent of Buildings 80 76 Figure 3: Commercial Building Vintage, 1992 25 Percent of Floorspace Percent of Floorspace 60 56 21 20 15 13 19 21 15 Percent 40 10 5 2 0 00 9 5 9 9 9 9 19 e- 21 23 22 5 4 20 0 19 Floorspace (Square Feet) Source: 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Year Constructed Source: 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Figure 4. Principal Building Activity, Number of Buildings, 1992 1,400 1,272 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 M e W r ca ar nt eh ile ou & se S & erv S t i ce R or el ig ag io us O e W ffi ce or sh Pu E Va i p b l d u ca n ic c t A at Fo ss i o n od em Se b ly r L vi c Fo od e od g i n S g Pu al bl e i c He O s O a th r d l th e r Pa e r C r k & S ar e in g af e G ty ar ag e Figure 5. Principal Building Activity, Floorspace, 1992 16.0 19 19 19 Number of Buildings Floorspace Total = 4,806 Thousand 14.0 12.412.3 11.5 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 4.6 4.4 3.7 2.9 8.5 761 749 366 319 301 278 260 154 130 69 63 60 24 19 Total = 67.9 Billion Square Feet 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.1 0.8 0.8 Principal Building Activity W ar Source: 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Source: 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 5 Detailed information on the structure of 1992 commercial buildings is found in Appendix A, "Detailed Tables," Tables A8 through A28. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 rv ic e & O ff S t i ce Pu E or b l d u ag ic c e A at i ss o n R em el ig io V b ly us a c W an or t L sh H od ip Pa e a g i r k l th n g in g C F o G ar e od ara Pu bl Se ge ic rv O ic rd er O e & th e F o Sa r od f e t Sa y le s ou se ca nt ile M er eh & Se Principal Building Activity 19 19 10,000 and Less 10,000 - 200,000 Over 200,000 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 00 20 46 60 70 80 90 Pr -1 1 91 94 95 96 97 98 99 2 7 Commercial Building Activity Accounts for 67.9 Billion Square Feet of Floorspace in 1992 In 1992, commercial buildings accounted for approximately 67.9 billion square feet of floorspace in 4.8 million buildings. Comparable figures for the 1989 CBECS were 63.2 billion square feet in 4.5 million buildings. This translates into an annualized increase between 1989 and 1992 of 2.0 percent in the number of buildings and 2.4 percent in commercial floorspace. The mercantile and service category showed the greatest number of buildings, with roughly 1.3 million buildings, or nearly 26 percent. In addition, mercantile and service buildings accounted for the most floorspace, representing 18.3 percent (12.4 billion square feet) of all commercial activity. Office buildings represented the second largest amount of floorspace, with over 12.3 billion square feet, or approximately 18.1 percent. Interestingly, office and mercantile and service buildings comprised nearly equal amounts of total floorspace, but the average floorspace per office building was over 40 percent higher than the average floorspace per mercantile and service building (Table 2). The percentage of buildings classified as vacant was relatively unchanged between the 1989 and 1992 CBECS data collection, accounting for 6.6 percent of all commercial buildings and similar floorspace coverage.6 Table 2. Floorspace by Selected Principal Building Activity, 1992 Principal Building Activity Mercantile & Service Office Warehouse & Storage Education Other Total Percent of Floorspace 18.3 18.1 16.9 12.5 34.2 100.0 Mean Floorspace per Building (thousand square feet) 9.7 16.4 15.1 28.2 --- Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A, 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey, Table A1. 6 "Other" includes all buildings not identified as mercantile and service, office, warehouse and storage, or education. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 8 Conservation and Energy Management More than any other building characteristic, a building’s size, measured in floorspace, appeared to be the overwhelming determinant in whether a building had conservation features or practiced energy management. In general, the larger the building, the more likely it was to have conservation features (Box 1) or to practice energy management (Box 2).7 Energy Conservation Features Almost all of the respondents to the CBECS (91 percent of all buildings; 95 percent of the floorspace) reported the presence of an energy conservation feature related to either the building shell, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, or lighting. Building shell conservation features were the most common type. Although it may seem that new buildings would have been more likely than old buildings to have features related to building shell conservation, the presence of these features was not related to the age of the building. This lack of correlation is probably due to the fact that old buildings are often retrofitted with insulation, storm windows or other energy-saving measures related to the shell (Table A57). Box 1. Energy Conservation Features Building Shell Conservation Features • Roof or Ceiling Insulation • Wall Insulation • Storm Windows or Multiple Glazing • Tinted Glass • Shadings or Awnings • Windows Which Open and Close HVAC Conservation Features • Variable Air-Volume System • Economizer Cycle • Regular Maintenance of HVAC System Lighting Conservation Features • Specular Reflectors • Daylighting Controls • Occupancy Sensors • Timed Clocks or Switches • Dimmer Switches • Other Lighting Conservation Equipment 7 Detailed information on conservation and energy management practices in 1992 commercial buildings is found in Appendix A, "Detailed Tables," Tables A57 through A67. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 9 HVAC and lighting conservation features were not equally prevalent across all types of buildings, but instead were related to the specific characteristics of the building. HVAC conservation features were more likely to be found in education, health care, lodging, office and public order and safety buildings, in part because these types of buildings tended to be larger. Lighting conservation features were more often found in recently constructed buildings and in buildings that used high-intensity discharge (HID) lighting or compact fluorescent lightbulbs (CFL). Only 6 percent of lit floorspace was in buildings that had both HID and compact fluorescent bulbs, but nearly all (90 percent) of these buildings had some lighting conservation feature. The majority of the total lit floorspace was in buildings with no HID or compact fluorescent lighting (66 percent); of these buildings, however, those with lighting conservation features comprised only 36 percent of the floorspace (Figure 6). Figure 6. Presence of Lighting Conservation Features by Types of Lighting Equipment, 1992 100 Percent of Lit Floorspace by Lighting Equipment Type 80 LCF 36 No HID or CFL 66 No LCF 64 60 40 HID but no CFL 21 20 LCF 52 No LCF 48 CFL but no HID 7 Both HID and CFL 6 LCF 72 No LCF 18 No LCF 10 0 20 LCF 90 40 60 80 100 Relative Percent of Lit Floorspace with Lighting Conservation Features (LCF) Note: HID=High Intensity Discharge Bulbs, CFL=Compact Fluorescent Lightbulbs Source: 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 10 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 Energy Management Practices Energy management practices were less common than energy conservation features. Buildings that practiced energy management made up only 41 percent of commercial floorspace. Box 2. Energy Management Practices • • • • DSM program participation Energy audits performed Building energy managers employed Energy Management and Control System used Energy Managment and Control System (EMCS): An EMCS is a computerized system used to manage a building’s use of energy for HVAC, lighting, or other equipment. Unlike building shell conservation features, for which age was not a determining factor in the presence of the feature, EMCS’s were more common in new construction. Buildings with an EMCS made up only 15 percent of the floorspace of buildings constructed before 1970. This figure increased to 24 percent of the floorspace for buildings built from 1970 to 1979 and to 30 percent for those built from 1980 to 1989. For buildings that were built between 1990 and 1992, the percent of floorspace in buildings with an EMCS was an impressive 49 percent (Table 3). Table 3. Vintage of Buildings with Energy Management and Control Systems All Buildings Number of Buildings (thousand) 4,806 2,811 982 884 128 Floorspace (million square feet) 67,876 37,074 14,014 14,287 2,502 Number of Buildings (thousand) 236 106 52 58 19 Buildings with EMCS Control of Any System Percent of Buildings Floorspace (million square feet) 14,320 5,431 3,313 4,342 1,236 Percent of Floorspace Year Built All Buildings Before 1970 1970-79 1980-89 1990-92 5 4 5 7 15 21 15 24 30 49 Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A, 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Audits: Buildings that had an energy audit performed since 1987 comprised only 22 percent of commercial floorspace. The older the building, the more likely it was to have had an energy audit. Additionally, energy audits were more likely to occur in buildings located in the Northeast, those which are government owned, and those which use district heat (Table A61). Figure 7. Person Responsible for the Heating and/or Cooling Energy Managers: People who are responsible Equipment, 1992 for the day-to-day operation and maintenance of Percent of Floorspace of Buildings that are Heated or Cooled the heating and/or cooling equipment, building Owner/Manager/Other 39 energy managers, were employed in buildings comprising only 4 percent of heated or cooled commercial floorspace (7 percent of all commercial Energy Manager 4 floorspace is not heated or cooled). These energy managers were most likely to be found in health care buildings; 12 percent of the floorspace in No One 12 health care buildings was in ones with a building energy manager (Table A61). In most other commercial buildings, this responsibility was taken on by a custodian, cleaning contractor, owner, manager, or other, usually a tenant or an organizational volunteer (Figure 7). Custodian/Cleaner 45 Source: 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 11 Reduction in Equipment Use When Figure 8. Types of Equipment that Were Used Less When the Building Was Closed, 1992 Closed Lighting was more likely to be reduced when a building was closed than were heating, cooling or water heating. Figure 8 shows the percentage of floorspace in buildings where equipment use was reduced during off hours, by the specific type of equipment (Table A63). 100 81 Percent of Floorspace 80 68 63 60 40 Demand-Side Management (DSM) Only 7 percent of all buildings, 17 percent of the floorspace, participated in DSM programs in 1992 (Tables A60 and A61).1 Specifically, 4 percent of all buildings were in programs sponsored by their electric or gas utility and 3 percent participated in in-house, third-party, or other-sponsored DSM programs. 20 15 12 0 Heating Cooling Hot Water Lighting Other Type of Equipment Source: 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey, Table A63. Figure 9 displays the DSM participation rates for various types of buildings. For example, 31 percent of all the buildings over 200,000 square feet participated in DSM. The highest participation rates were in buildings that were: large (both in floorspace and in number of workers), used for education or health care, located in the Northeast, or government owned (Table A60). The 1990 Residential Energy Consumption Survey indicated that substantial energy savings could be found in the residential sector by targeting potential DSM participants.2 Similarly, the 1992 CBECS data suggests that a large potential also exists in the commercial sector for DSM programs. While only 13 percent of the CBECS respondents were aware of DSM programs offered by their utility, of this group, 32 percent actually took part in a utilitysponsored DSM program. Lighting DSM programs were more often utility-sponsored (65 percent of buildings participating in lighting programs were in ones sponsored by an electric or gas utility) rather than in-house, third party, or other-sponsored (39 percent). Conversely, HVAC programs were more often in-house, third party, or other-sponsored (60 percent) rather than utility-sponsored (42 percent). Some of these buildings were in programs with more than one sponsor. An in-house sponsor is the building’s owner or management; a third-party sponsor is an energy service company (ESCO) that advises on the best type of energy-efficient equipment to be installed for a particular building. 1 The CBECS includes in-house demand-side management programs and programs with a third party or other sponsor as well as utilitysponsored programs. Cases in which the respondent did not know whether the building participated in DSM programs were not imputed. 2 For information about energy use in the residential sector, see Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1990 DOE/EIA-0321(90), pp 37-47. 12 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 Figure 9. Types of Buildings Most Likely to Participate in DSM, 1992 31 12 5 Over 200,000 square feet 10,000 to 200,000 square feet 10,000 square feet or less Education Health Care Lodging Food Sales All Others 18 17 13 11 5 13 9 6 4 Northeast West Midwest South More than 100 workers Less than 100 workers 28 6 14 5 Government Owned Nongovernment Owned 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 Percent of Buildings Participating in Any DSM Program Source: 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey, Table A60. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 13 Conservation in Office Buildings and Government-Owned Buildings Profile of Office Buildings The characteristics of office buildings are of increasing interest to energy analysts since office buildings consume slightly over one-fifth of all energy used in commercial buildings. An oversample of office buildings was included in the 1992 CBECS to better understand the potential for energy savings in these buildings. In 1992, office buildings comprised 16 percent (749 thousand buildings) of the building stock and 18 percent of the commercial floorspace (12,319 million square feet). Of these, 57 thousand (7.6 percent) were buildings constructed after 1986. Below is a profile of selected energy-related characteristics for office buildings in the 1992 commercial building stock. Box 3. Conservation in Office Buildings Office Buildings Office Buildings Constructed after 1986 - 749 thousand - 57 thousand Floorspace: Of the 57 thousand office buildings constructed after 1986, 47 percent were over 10,000 square feet compared to 24 percent of the 692 thousand office buildings constructed in 1986 or earlier. Lighting: Newer office buildings were more likely to use energy-saving lighting equipment. Percent of Office Buildings Constructed after 1986 Compact Fluorescent Bulbs 19 High-Intensity Discharge Lights 11 Specular Reflectors 26 Manual Dimmer Switches 21 HVAC: Percent of Office Buildings Constructed 1986 or Earlier 6 5 13 8 Newer office buildings had more HVAC conservation features. Percent of Office Buildings Constructed After 1986 Variable Air-Volume System 40 Economizer Cycle 35 Regular HVAC Maintenance 74 Percent of Office Buildings Constructed 1986 or Earlier 8 11 69 Profile of Government-Owned Buildings With the signing of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT),10 the CBECS is uniquely placed to determine and illustrate this legislation’s impact on the commercial buildings market. This section highlights some findings for government-owned (Federal, State, and local) commercial buildings (Tables A21, A22 and A23). Box 4. Effects of EPACT on Government-Owned Buildings EPACT affects federally owned commercial buildings: • By mandating a 20 percent reduction, by the year 2000, of energy consumption per square foot in federal buildings; • By requiring that by the year 2005 federal buildings install energy conservation features that will pay for themselves from energy savings within 10 years (i.e., a 10-year payback); and, • By introducing financial incentives to federal buildings for energy improvement programs. EPACT also creates, for local-owned and State-owned commercial buildings, an Energy Incentive Fund which provides up to $1 million to States that demonstrate a commitment to improving the energy-efficiency of buildings. 10 The Energy Policy Act of 1992, Title I - Energy Efficiency, Subtitle E - State and Local Assistance, Section 141 and Subtitle F - Federal Agency Energy Management, Section 152. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 14 Government-owned buildings represented approximately 22 percent of the commercial floorspace in 1992, or 15.1 billion square feet in approximately 0.6 million government-owned buildings. Of these government-owned buildings, 8 percent of the floorspace was in buildings owned by the Federal government, 25 percent was in State-owned buildings, and 67 percent was in buildings owned by local governments (Figure 10). Education was the primary activity of government-owned buildings, representing 46 percent of all government buildings. Figure 10. Ownership of Commercial Buildings, 1992 10 Percent of Floorspace, 1992 Non-Government 78 Local 67 Government 22 Federal 8 State 25 Ownership Government Ownership Source: 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey, Table A21. Government-Owned Buildings Take Advantage of Energy-Efficient Technologies and Energy Management Practices Commercial buildings consume large amounts of energy for HVAC purposes.11 In 1992, as measured in floorspace, approximately 88 percent of all government buildings contained HVAC conservation features compared to 70 percent of non government buildings (Figure 11). Figure 11. HVAC Conservation Features by Building 11 Ownership, 1992 Ownership Government 100 80 Non-Government Percent of Floorspace 88 70 87 68 In 1992, government-owned buildings indicated a 60 higher usage of energy management practices than non36 40 27 25 government buildings. The 1992 CBECS included four 19 20 energy management practices: EMCS, DSM, energy 0 audits, and building energy managers. According to the CBECS, in 59 percent of government-owned floorspace energy management practices were used, compared to 36 percent of non government-owned floorspace.12 Of the 15.1 billion square feet of HVAC Features government-owned floorspace: EMCS controlled 32 Source: 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey, Table 36. percent; 28 percent of the floorspace showed DSM activity; and 30 percent indicated the performance of energy audits. Although 5 percent of government-owned floorspace had a building energy manager, there was not a statistically significant difference between government-owned and non government-owned buildings. An um yc Vo l C er Ai iz om bl e ia Va r Ec on M ai nt ren an ce e le y 11 End-use consumption estimates are not currently available. End-use intensities (EUI) will be published at a later date. Estimates of any energy management practices were calculated from public use diskettes of Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 12 15 Energy Sources and Energy End Uses The CBECS collects and provides data about the types of energy sources and how each is ultimately used in commercial buildings.1 Expanded tables of energy sources, Tables A69 and A70, provide information about energy sources used specifically for each energy end use. Primary Space-Heating Trends As has been the case in previous CBECS, the 1992 CBECS showed that across the entire commercial building stock, natural gas was the primary space-heating fuel for the largest percentage of commercial floorspace (Figure 12).2 Electricity was the primary space-heating fuel for the second largest percentage of floorspace, and fuel oil accounted for the third largest percentage. Figure 12 also shows the primary spaceheating fuel distribution by building vintage. Data from buildings constructed in the 1980’s show an interruption in the longstanding dominance of the use of natural gas as the primary space-heating fuel. In buildings constructed during the 1980’s, the largest percentage of floorspace was heated with electricity. Figure 12. Primary Space-Heating Fuel by Building Construction Year, 1986 and 1992 100 Fuel Type Electricity Natural Gas Percent of Floorspace 80 Natural Gas 60 Fuel Oil 40 Electricity 20 Fuel Oil 0 00 ey ey 9 5 9 9 9 9 98 -1 19 90 -1 rv rv 19 91 94 95 96 Su Su e-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 20 46 60 70 80 97 99 2 86 92 Pr 00 19 All Buildings 19 19 19 1992 CBECS: Vintage Source: 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Renewable Energy and Special Technology In response to users’ requests for more information about special energy technologies and the use of renewable energy, questions about the use of solar, geothermal, and thermal energy storage, along with questions about the use of waste incineration, wind generation, and well water for cooling, were added to the 1992 CBECS .3 Buildings with some special energy technology and/or a renewable energy source were found in each Census region. Wood was by far the most widely used renewable fuel; it was used in about 2.2 percent of commercial buildings. Buildings reporting wood as an energy source tended to be under 10,000 square feet and usually reported having one to four workers. These buildings also tended to be used for mercantile and service activities or as nonrefrigerated warehouses. Thirty-six percent of buildings that used wood were constructed between 1920 and 1945; over 60 percent of wood-using buildings were located in the Midwest or the South Regions. 1 Detailed information on energy sources and end uses in 1992 commercial buildings is found in Appendix A, "Detailed Tables," Tables A29 through A46. 2 The 1992 CBECS resampled buildings that were sampled in the 1986 CBECS. For further information, see Appendix B, "How the Survey Was Conducted." 3 Users-Needs Study for the 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey, DOE/EIA-0555(92)/4, Energy Information Administration (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, September 1992). 16 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 19 19 19 19 The most widely reported special technologies were passive Box 5. Special Energy-Related Technologies solar features, thermal energy storage (TES) or pump storage, and well water used for cooling. Buildings in the West Census Region reported using passive solar Widely Reported: • Passive Solar Features • Thermal Energy Storage (TES) technologies and TES more frequently than buildings in the • Well Water for Cooling other regions. Buildings built between 1970 and 1986 were the most likely to use passive solar technology, while those Reported: • Photovoltaic Cells built between 1920 and 1945 were most likely to use TES. • Solar Thermal Panels • Geothermal Energy Both of these construction periods accounted for high • Waste Incineration percentages of buildings using well water for cooling; 42 • Wind Generation percent of all cases using well water for cooling were located in the South. In all regions, buildings that most frequently reported using any of these special technologies were office buildings, mercantile and service buildings, and education buildings. For certain renewable energy types and technologies, there were too few buildings in the sample to permit separate reporting or to be statistically significant. These technologies include: photovoltaic cells (PVC), solar thermal panels, geothermal energy, waste incineration, and wind generation. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 17 End-Use Equipment A large portion of the energy used in commercial buildings is devoted to heating, cooling, ventilation, and lighting. The 1986 and 1992 CBECS included questions on the types of equipment that provide these energy services in order to provide a profile of the main energy using equipment in the U.S. commercial building stock. In addition, the 1992 CBECS included questions about commercial refrigeration equipment, water heating equipment, and the presence of personal computers and terminals.16 Increased Use of Packaged Cooling Units and Heat Pumps Among cooling equipment types, an increase in the percentage of buildings using packaged cooling systems represents the largest difference between the 1986 and 1992 CBECS.17 Heat pumps also showed a slight increase, while all other types of cooling equipment showed a decline. The increase in heat pumps, however, may be overstated; the figures for 1986 include only air-source heat pumps, while the 1992 figures include both air- and water-source heat pumps (see Figures 13 and 14). Figure 13. Percent of Buildings Using Heating Equipment in 1986 and 1992 CBECS Figure 14. Percent of Buildings Using Cooling Equipment in 1986 and 1992 CBECS Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A, 1986 and 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Surveys. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A, 1986 and 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Surveys. While the percentage of buildings using heat pumps had increased slightly nationwide between 1986 and 1992, there was, in fact, a quite dramatic increase in the West. This region, which already showed the second largest percentage of buildings using heat pumps in 1986, increased its lead over the Northeast and Midwest, where the percentages showed slight declines. 16 Detailed information on end-use equipment in 1992 commercial buildings is found in Appendix A, "Detailed Tables," Tables A47 through A56. 17 Because the 1986 CBECS questionnaire included a category of "Central Cooling," under which respondents could have mistakenly included packaged cooling units, it is possible that packaged cooling units are underrepresented in the 1986 data. However, the increase is of such a magnitude that it could not be accounted for simply by mistaken responses. 18 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 In 1992, unlike 1986, the respondents were given a chance to indicate whether their heat pump was used for heating or cooling or both. By definition, a heat pump can be used for both heating and cooling, but in most regions the use of heat pumps for cooling was higher than their use for heating (Figures 15 and 16). There are any number of reasons why an individual might decide to use a heat pump for heating only or cooling only, rather than both, and the most probable explanations vary by region. In the Northeast and the Midwest, the colder climate may lead a building manager to believe that a heat pump would not be adequate to heat their building, or would not be economical, causing him to use some other heating equipment. In the South, the warmer climate may make it unnecessary to heat a building at all, and a heat pump would be used only for cooling. Only in the West was the use of heat pumps for heating greater than the use of heat pumps for cooling. Presumably, the climate in some parts of this region is cool enough to require a moderate amount of heating in the winter, but no cooling in the summer. Figure 15. Percent of Buildings Using Heat Pumps for Heating, by Region, 1986 and 1992 CBECS Figure 16. Percent of Buildings Using Heat Pumps for Cooling, by Region, 1986 and 1992 CBECS Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A, 1986 and 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Surveys. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A, 1986 and 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Surveys. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 19 Fluorescent Lamps Are the Predominant Commercial Lighting Source The 1992 CBECS data reveal that fluorescent lamps were by far the most common lighting type in commercial buildings. These were followed by incandescent bulbs, with compact fluorescent lights and high-intensity discharge (HID) lights lagging far behind these two types. These data suggest that there is an unrealized potential for replacing incandescent bulbs with more energy-efficient equipment (Figure 17). Figure 17. Percent of Buildings Using Lighting Equipment, 1992 Use of Water-Heating and Refrigeration Equipment Largely Uniform Among Regions For the first time in 1992, detailed data on different types of commercial refrigeration equipment and different types of waterheating equipment were collected. Among the different Census regions, there was little or no variation, although the South appeared to have slightly fewer buildings with refrigeration equipment. In addition, the relative proportions of the different Source: Energy Information Administration, Office equipment types remained almost constant among the Census of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A, regions (Figure 18). As for the water-heating equipment, by far 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption the most common types were the single-centralized tank, and the Survey. distributed-residential type tank. No other types were represented in more than 2 percent of commercial buildings. Figure 18. Percent of Buildings Using Refrigeration Equipment, by Region, 1992 • A centralized tank with its own heat source was present in 36 percent of commercial buildings Residential-type water-heating tanks, distributed about the building, were present in 30 percent of commercial buildings Other types of water-heating equipment (e.g., those drawing heat from the space-heating equipment, or instantaneous point-of-use heaters) were each present in less than 2 percent of commercial buildings. • • Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A, 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. There is little diversity in the types of water heating equipment used in commercial buildings, with the vast majority of buildings having one of only two types. This also applies to the other forms of energy-using equipment, with two or three types predominating among the various types of heating, cooling, and lighting equipment used in commercial buildings. 20 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 Appendix A Detailed Tables 22 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 Appendix A Detailed Tables The following 70 tables in this appendix present extensive cross-tabulations of commercial buildings characteristics. These data are from the Buildings Characteristics Survey portion of the 1992 CBECS. The "Quick-Reference Guide," indicates the major topics of each table in this appendix. Directions for calculating an approximate relative standard error (RSE) for each estimate in the tables are presented in Figure A1, "Use of RSE Row and Column Factor." The Glossary contains the definitions of the terms used in the tables. See the preceding "At A Glance" section for highlights of the detailed tables. Table Organization Overall Organization The detailed tables have been grouped together to make it easier to find related information. Table A1 summarizes the total number of buildings, square footage, and workers; the average and median square footage per building and per worker; the average and median operating hours; and the median age of the building. (Note: In the Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1989 report, comparable average statistics were found in Tables 13, 28, 32, and 15, respectively.) Tables A2 through A28 contain characteristics related to the geographic location, building structure, and use. Tables A29 through A56 contain data about the energy sources, end uses and equipment found in the buildings. Tables A57 through A67 contain information about conservation measures and Demand-side Management (DSM) programs found in the buildings. Tables A68 through A70 are special tabulations of building characteristics that provide the most comprehensive breakdown of principal building activity and energy sources and end uses, respectively. Generally, there are two tables for each topic, one giving the number of buildings in each crosstabulation cell, the other giving the floorspace in those buildings. For example, Table A4 for example, provides the number of buildings in the Census regions and divisions while Table A5 provides the floorspace for these same regions and divisions. For some smaller tables, the number of buildings and floorspace appear together in a single table. Three tables provide percentage statistics: Table A3, "Census Region, Percent of Buildings and Floorspace," corresponds to the related Table A2, "Number of Buildings and Floorspace." Tables A30 and A32, "Energy Sources, Percent of Buildings" and "Energy Sources, Percent of Floorspace," correspond, respectively, to the related Tables A29 and A31, "Number of Buildings and Floorspace." The percentage tables express each cell total as a percentage of the row total. Floorspace Totals Two methods were used to calculate floorspace. In Method 1, the floorspace totals include all the floorspace in buildings where the indicated feature was present. Therefore, a particular building’s floorspace was either entirely included or excluded from a particular table cell. This method was used for the majority of the detailed tables. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 23 In a few of the detailed tables, a second method of calculating floorspace was used. In Method 2, floorspace was calculated as a fraction of the total floorspace. This apportioned floorspace was determined for each building by multiplying the building’s floorspace by the fraction that had the indicated feature. For example, Table A44 shows the total floorspace for all buildings (Method 1) and the total heated floorspace in all buildings (Method 2). The statistics for the total heated floorspace were determined by multiplying the building’s total floorspace by the fraction of floorspace that was heated. Floorspace totals using Method 2 are given in one column of Table A24 for the floorspace which is vacant three or more months. Tables A44, A45, and A46 each have an apportioned total column, presenting, respectively, the floorspace heated, cooled, or lighted. All statistics in Table A56 are apportioned totals indicating the total floorspace lighted by each type of lighting equipment. Analysis Categories The following core set of analysis categories appear in the same order in all basic tables: floorspace, principal building activity, year constructed, Census region, energy sources, and energy end uses. Additional categories are included on the tables when they relate to specific overall topic areas. For example, principal facility activity would appear on the multibuilding facility Table A25. These additional categories are generally grouped into broad topics such as building structure, building use, energy sources and end use, equipment and distribution systems, and energy management practices, and conservation features. Table A1, the summary table, contains the core analysis categories as well as most of the additional categories. There are two types of analysis categories, those that divide commercial buildings into exclusive, nonoverlapping categories and those that indicate nonexclusive, overlapping subsets. For example, "climate zone" is a set of exclusive categories; a given building belongs in only one of these. "Energy sources," on the other hand, is a set of nonexclusive categories; a given building may be included in more than one line under this category since the building may use more than one energy source. The phrase, "more than one may apply," indicates that the categories under this row header are overlapping. Both exclusive and overlapping categories may be nonexhaustive, that is, there may be some buildings that do not fall into any of the listed categories. Quick-Reference Guide The "Quick-Reference Guide," lists by broad class, the topic areas covered by the detailed tables and the table numbers for the different types of tables. To help the reader quickly find a particular table, the broad topic class is marked along the edge of each table page. To find a particular two-way breakdown of interest, the tables featuring both topics should be consulted. For example, a breakdown by building size and climate zone is found in the climate zone table (Table A6), but not in the building size tables (Tables A8 and A9). Electronic Data Sets Tables A2, A29, A31, A33, A60, and A65 in this report are also available on diskette. The electronic files on the diskette are flat ASCII files and there is one file for each of these tables. The diskette containing the files also contains a READ.ME ASCII text file with a table of contents. In addition, CBECS microdata are available on Public-Use Diskettes either in ASCII or dBase format (for details on obtaining the diskettes, see Appendix B, "How the Survey Was Conducted," Public-Use Diskettes, and the inside back cover of this report). 24 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 Row and Column Factors The tables in this report present estimates for commercial buildings in the United States. Since the estimates are based on the sample surveyed, they are subject to sampling error. To help the reader compute an approximate RSE for each of the estimates presented in the tables, the row and column factors are displayed on the top line and in the far-right column of each table, except for the median statistics in Table A1, "Summary Table of Average Square Feet, Hours of Operation and Age of Building." The use of the row and column RSE factors is illustrated in Figure A1, using a sample table from a previous report. Using the row of the table labeled "Mercantile and Service" and the column labeled "Total Floorspace (million square feet)" gives an estimate of 12.805 billion square feet for the total commercial floorspace contained in Mercantile and Service buildings. The RSE row factor is R Mercantile and Service = 5.17 . The RSE column factor is C Total Floorspace = 1.096. The approximate RSE for the estimate is, therefore, computed as RSE Mercantile and Service, Total Floorspace = 5.17 × 1.096 = 5.67 percent. The approximate standard error for the estimate is, Standard Error Mercantile and Service, Total Floorspace = .0567 × 12,805 = 726 million square feet. This value for the standard error can be used to construct confidence intervals and to perform hypothesis tests by standard statistical methods. However, because the generalized variance procedure gives only approximate RSE’s, such confidence intervals and statistical tests must also be regarded as only approximate. For the example above, the RSE determined directly by the jackknife method is actually 6.7, not 5.7. For more details about the derivation of the row and column RSE factors, see Appendix C, "Nonsampling and Sampling Errors." Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 25 Figure A1. Use of RSE Row and Column Factors 26 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 Quick-Reference Guide Data Item/Category Table Numbers Number of Buildings Location Census Region Census Division Climate Zone Metropolitan Status Structure Building Size Year Constructed Floors Wall Materials Roof Materials Building Use Number of Workers Weekly Operating Hours Occupancy Government Nongovernment Percent Vacant Multibuilding Facilities Special Space Functions Additional Operating Hours Energy Sources and End Use Energy Sources Used Energy End Uses End-Use Combinations Space-Heating Energy Sources Primary Space-Heating Fuel Cooling Energy Sources Water-Heating Energy Sources Cooking Energy Sources End-Use Percentage Percent Heated Percent Cooled Percent Lit End-Use Equipment Heating Cooling Refrigeration Water-Heating Lighting Conservation/Energy Management Features Energy Conservation Features Building Shell Energy Management Reduction in Equipment Use Lighting DSM Participation HVAC DSM Participation Special Tabulations Principal Building Activity Energy Sources Used for Particular End-Use A2 (A3 Percent) A4 A6 A7 A8 A10 A12 A13 A15 A17 A19 A21 A22 A24 A25 A26 A28 A29 (A30 Percent) A33 A34 A36 A38 A40 A41 A43 Floorspace A2 (A3 Percent) A5 A6 A7 A9 A11 A12 A14 A16 A18 A20 A21 A23 A24 A25 A27 A28 A31 (A32 Percent) A33 A35 A37 A39 A40 A42 A43 A44 A45 A46 A48 A50 A52 A54 A56 A57 A59 A61 A63 A65 A67 A68 A70 A44 A45 A46 A47 A49 A51 A53 A55 A57 A58 A60 A62 A64 A66 A68 A69 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristics 1992 27 Table A1. Summary Table of Square Feet, Hours of Operation and Age of Building, 1992 Total Total Mean Median Floorspace Workers Square Square (million in All Feet per Feet per square Buildings Building Building feet) (thousand) (thousand) (thousand) Mean Square Feet per Worker Median Square Feet per Worker Mean Hours per Week Median Hours per Week Median Age of Buildings (years) RSE Row Factor All Buildings (thousand) Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.0 -- 1.3 -- 0.4 -- -- All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... 4,806 67,876 71,236 14.1 4.5 953 1,013 58 50 28.5 4.0 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 9,701 7,644 10,357 8,674 7,830 8,282 7,545 11,203 2.7 7.4 16.0 35.9 69.8 137.0 302.8 770.5 2.5 7.2 15.0 35.0 68.0 130.0 270.0 600.0 755 942 1,002 1,161 1,030 1,169 1,046 Q 850 1,267 1,525 1,714 1,379 1,767 2,071 4,133 56 57 60 67 73 77 94 105 48 49 50 55 60 61 80 84 28.5 30.5 27.5 28.5 24.5 28.5 22.5 18.5 3.3 2.8 3.6 4.6 5.0 6.4 6.6 20.4 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 6,872 842 2,244 3,385 2,022 15,979 27,161 215 2,752 801 2,298 4,451 1,232 981 28.2 5.8 5.7 27.9 18.8 9.7 16.4 69.9 16.4 13.7 10.2 15.1 16.4 13.8 9.0 2.6 3.3 4.3 8.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 5.9 5.0 4.3 5.0 4.0 4.2 1,232 899 665 521 1,429 776 454 7,668 1,655 1,023 1,630 2,580 918 4,481 960 1,000 613 500 1,700 1,077 500 3,000 1,875 1,050 2,033 1,925 1,273 2,000 49 108 91 69 158 62 53 83 50 123 22 50 75 20 45 105 95 50 168 54 45 52 45 168 10 48 56 (*) 28.5 23.5 31.5 26.5 25.5 28.5 26.5 21.5 28.5 23.5 36.5 22.5 23.5 42.5 5.2 10.7 7.2 10.0 8.6 9.0 4.7 25.6 13.3 17.6 12.0 7.5 16.3 14.5 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,531 3,004 6,597 9,114 17,873 14,400 15,987 2,731 10.2 14.1 12.0 11.8 16.1 14.3 16.2 19.6 5.5 5.0 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.8 4.8 1,124 1,201 1,321 1,143 706 973 894 916 1,350 1,325 1,200 1,000 1,000 1,000 943 1,138 50 51 52 54 64 60 64 62 45 45 48 48 51 50 52 52 104.5 83.5 60.5 40.5 28.5 17.5 7.5 1.5 10.6 10.6 7.5 6.1 8.7 5.1 6.5 10.6 771 1,202 1,963 870 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 18,570 14,872 23,220 14,574 17.4 14.4 12.5 14.5 5.2 4.5 4.0 5.0 722 1,162 1,058 866 1,050 1,225 1,013 800 62 54 56 65 52 49 48 52 35.5 32.5 24.5 25.5 10.5 5.5 5.4 6.6 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 71,187 51,322 18,068 7,153 2,709 2,884 1,320 14.4 16.9 23.7 56.0 72.6 10.1 9.5 4.6 5.1 5.0 17.0 26.5 3.5 3.6 935 879 732 746 763 1,177 1,175 1,000 1,000 1,200 1,125 1,125 1,183 1,600 60 63 58 76 77 58 59 50 51 50 50 55 51 48 27.5 31.5 35.5 33.5 27.5 24.5 30.5 3.9 4.7 6.5 9.9 15.2 10.1 13.9 See footnotes at end of table. 28 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A1. Summary Table of Square Feet, Hours of Operation and Age of Building, 1992 (Continued) Total Total Mean Median Floorspace Workers Square Square All (million in All Feet per Feet per Buildings square Buildings Building Building (thousand) feet) (thousand) (thousand) (thousand) Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.0 -1.3 -0.4 --Mean Square Feet per Worker Median Square Feet per Worker Mean Hours per Week Median Hours per Week Median Age of Buildings (years) RSE Row Factor Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating .......................................... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ............................... Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD .................. 5,500-7,000 HDD ......................... 4,000-5,499 HDD ......................... Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................ More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................ Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ......................................... Siding or Shingles .......................... Metal Panels .................................. Concrete Panels ............................. Window Glass ................................ Other .............................................. Predominant Roof Material Built-Up .......................................... Shingles (Not Wood) ...................... Metal Surfacing .............................. Synthetic or Rubber ....................... Slate or Tile .................................... Concrete ......................................... Other .............................................. Floors One ................................................ Two ................................................ Three .............................................. Four to Nine ................................... Ten or More .................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Building Shape Square ............................................ Rectangle ....................................... Rectangle or Square with Courtyard ............................... Right Angle ..................................... Other .............................................. 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 69,607 66,909 67,233 30,935 2,538 14.8 16.3 16.7 31.4 26.3 4.8 5.0 5.2 6.3 9.6 891 853 870 746 1,250 1,000 950 960 889 1,050 61 63 65 79 59 50 51 52 76 49 28.5 27.5 28.5 29.5 27.5 4.0 4.2 4.2 7.8 10.6 399 1,134 1,077 1,101 5,623 18,024 16,162 15,251 4,818 17,497 20,520 16,627 14.1 15.9 15.0 13.8 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.5 1,167 1,030 788 917 1,184 1,150 1,167 891 63 58 56 59 52 50 50 49 30.5 35.5 28.5 24.5 10.3 6.8 13.4 8.5 1,095 12,816 11,774 11.7 4.2 1,089 1,000 58 48 25.5 8.5 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 45,457 4,305 4,788 10,320 4,302 2,064 15.6 5.1 9.9 56.7 43.6 22.1 5.0 2.9 4.0 20.0 9.0 4.8 1,069 900 1,544 481 471 502 1,000 1,000 1,383 1,025 600 750 61 54 51 73 61 52 50 48 48 60 56 50 32.5 32.5 15.5 16.5 22.5 20.5 3.5 5.8 7.5 15.4 14.3 16.1 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 31,481 9,630 6,541 18,127 1,627 1,676 2,154 18.4 7.7 8.7 30.3 12.9 68.4 10.7 5.8 3.5 4.0 8.1 5.5 12.5 3.7 961 1,098 1,379 646 1,228 1,518 829 1,000 1,000 1,250 1,010 1,000 1,130 900 64 54 51 65 57 77 64 52 46 49 56 45 60 56 32.5 30.5 16.5 32.5 40.5 20.5 26.5 4.5 5.4 5.9 9.7 10.3 21.2 11.0 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 21,565 19,949 9,592 11,258 8,872 8.5 15.6 22.2 55.7 319.7 3.5 6.0 8.6 25.0 186.0 1,179 904 1,030 922 470 1,000 1,080 1,222 1,143 600 57 56 65 74 81 50 48 52 55 61 23.5 33.5 59.5 66.5 23.5 4.6 7.7 5.8 7.7 12.1 4,193 490 94 29 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 42,768 19,249 5,995 3,225 12.2 24.1 34.2 52.6 4.2 7.0 5.8 16.0 1,201 614 535 465 1,100 800 683 833 57 67 71 68 49 54 55 50 28.5 28.5 24.5 21.5 3.4 8.5 9.7 14.7 280 3,659 48 333 485 3,654 39,233 1,372 6,071 17,547 3,673 38,955 1,539 5,723 21,346 13.0 10.7 28.8 18.2 36.2 3.8 4.0 10.0 6.8 10.0 995 1,007 892 1,061 822 857 1,000 1,167 1,167 1,225 61 57 65 61 63 49 50 58 50 50 28.5 27.5 24.5 32.5 30.5 8.1 3.2 14.8 7.7 10.0 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 29 Table A1. Summary Table of Square Feet, Hours of Operation and Age of Building, 1992 (Continued) Total Total Mean Median Floorspace Workers Square Square (million in All Feet per Feet per square Buildings Building Building feet) (thousand) (thousand) (thousand) Mean Square Feet per Worker Median Square Feet per Worker Mean Hours per Week Median Hours per Week Median Age of Buildings (years) RSE Row Factor All Buildings (thousand) Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.0 -- 1.3 -- 0.4 -- -- Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... Energy-Related Space Functions(more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation .................................... Computer Room ............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ..................................... Activities with Large Amounts of Hot Water ................... Space-Heating Energy Source (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Wood .............................................. Any Other ....................................... Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Wood .............................................. Any Other ....................................... 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 4,736 5,758 7,148 11,777 8,375 9,318 24,124 6.6 8.4 14.4 26.1 59.7 114.6 274.4 3.0 4.8 8.0 16.3 38.5 79.0 150.0 3,789 1,307 1,130 896 927 792 358 1,700 720 641 567 650 617 320 54 61 63 69 67 82 84 50 51 50 53 50 65 65 30.5 25.5 25.5 26.5 23.5 18.5 22.5 5.8 4.5 5.6 4.7 7.0 6.9 9.5 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 3,997 17,500 15,478 12,667 12,470 9,124 7.9 11.7 14.0 18.7 17.7 27.8 3.5 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 2,063 857 907 952 Q 1,102 1,600 857 1,063 979 1,000 1,200 12 44 54 72 105 168 9 45 54 70 102 168 33.5 28.5 27.5 23.5 27.5 23.5 7.1 3.1 3.2 4.1 7.5 0.1 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 52,310 39,329 12,810 171 18,926 12.5 12.0 15.0 10.5 25.2 4.3 4.2 4.8 3.8 6.7 1,008 976 958 12,161 799 1,025 1,050 978 1,300 1,000 58 60 61 9 61 50 50 52 (*) 45 28.5 27.5 26.5 36.5 28.5 3.2 3.2 6.5 18.8 9.4 735 223 236 203 22,166 14,199 8,042 6,862 30,938 22,847 9,190 7,084 30.2 63.7 34.0 33.7 6.3 24.5 8.4 10.0 716 621 875 969 880 833 1,000 1,069 79 69 73 103 76 53 56 95 29.5 25.5 23.5 24.5 7.5 6.3 6.4 7.6 1,513 2,405 479 94 255 102 39 25,636 38,524 7,334 5,242 1,568 504 661 31,533 42,893 8,226 7,044 1,282 461 368 16.9 16.0 15.3 55.9 6.2 5.0 16.9 5.0 5.0 4.8 16.5 3.1 3.2 3.6 813 898 892 744 1,222 1,093 1,796 923 1,000 1,208 1,150 1,200 1,600 2,000 66 60 53 76 48 55 51 51 50 49 50 48 48 48 21.5 32.5 37.5 33.5 23.5 32.5 20.5 7.6 5.1 8.0 10.0 11.4 16.3 25.6 1,107 2,276 394 91 217 68 Q 15,502 35,161 4,415 5,014 1,101 257 546 17,408 39,268 4,960 6,665 798 242 267 14.0 15.5 11.2 54.8 5.1 3.8 Q 4.8 5.0 4.5 16.3 2.9 2.8 3.6 891 895 890 752 1,380 Q 2,048 875 1,000 1,200 1,150 1,333 1,425 2,000 69 60 50 76 47 46 50 53 50 48 50 45 48 48 18.5 32.5 38.5 33.5 24.5 32.5 30.5 6.8 5.4 9.8 10.3 12.5 17.2 28.0 See footnotes at end of table. 30 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A1. Summary Table of Square Feet, Hours of Operation and Age of Building, 1992 (Continued) Total Total Mean Median Floorspace Workers Square Square (million in All Feet per Feet per square Buildings Building Building feet) (thousand) (thousand) (thousand) Mean Square Feet per Worker Median Square Feet per Worker Mean Hours per Week Median Hours per Week Median Age of Buildings (years) RSE Row Factor All Buildings (thousand) Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.1 -- 1.3 -- 0.5 -- -- Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Water-Heating Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Cooking Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Propane .......................................... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Closed Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters ............... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. 3,404 106 28 54,628 1,906 2,066 63,748 2,430 2,709 16.0 17.9 72.6 5.0 6.0 26.5 857 784 763 950 800 1,125 63 65 77 50 56 55 27.5 27.5 27.5 4.2 10.5 15.2 1,696 1,647 126 38 80 25,482 29,962 2,470 3,308 659 27,489 34,853 3,032 4,934 555 15.0 18.2 19.7 87.1 8.2 5.0 5.6 6.4 35.0 3.5 927 860 815 670 1,187 950 963 1,125 1,100 1,000 61 67 60 91 77 50 54 54 60 63 23.5 32.5 45.5 30.5 29.5 5.1 6.0 12.8 11.5 15.9 356 431 70 12,183 15,233 1,039 18,405 21,634 1,072 34.2 35.3 14.9 6.2 7.8 5.2 662 704 969 933 813 843 80 83 77 77 78 77 25.5 32.5 38.5 11.8 9.1 15.2 653 688 618 2,846 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 1,691 9,940 11,922 47,682 9.5 16.3 16.5 14.1 3.3 5.3 5.5 4.5 3,673 Q 856 844 1,667 1,850 1,000 877 42 56 64 61 43 49 54 50 27.5 32.5 31.5 27.5 11.8 9.5 5.6 3.4 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 4,327 13,207 23,943 29,759 8.3 18.5 21.1 12.9 3.5 6.4 6.0 4.0 2,504 1,644 579 721 1,538 1,383 840 733 46 60 68 63 45 52 54 50 31.5 32.5 29.5 23.5 6.6 4.2 7.7 5.0 413 881 813 2,699 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 155 4,218 14,934 51,929 7.9 11.3 17.5 15.0 3.1 4.5 5.5 4.5 21,154 2,366 952 778 1,750 2,000 950 867 17 59 60 64 (*) 49 50 51 31.5 33.5 30.5 25.5 13.6 6.3 5.9 4.6 2,987 1,689 43 87 34,486 31,482 1,021 887 27,719 41,483 1,200 835 11.5 18.6 24.0 10.2 4.0 6.0 5.2 3.6 1,244 759 851 1,063 1,200 911 675 833 57 61 58 47 46 54 57 55 27.5 28.5 40.5 25.5 4.2 4.8 17.0 17.0 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 9,484 19,794 24,549 7,043 22,422 22,847 1,143 18.4 10.0 15.3 55.9 33.1 18.4 21.2 6.0 4.0 4.8 16.5 10.0 6.0 3.4 872 854 912 742 922 700 790 900 1,000 1,225 1,150 1,160 800 943 65 57 61 76 66 66 83 50 49 50 50 54 54 64 15.5 32.5 28.5 33.5 37.5 21.5 22.5 7.0 7.6 7.5 10.0 5.4 8.5 17.6 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 31 Table A1. Summary Table of Square Feet, Hours of Operation and Age of Building, 1992 (Continued) Total Total Mean Median Floorspace Workers Square Square (million in All Feet per Feet per square Buildings Building Building feet) (thousand) (thousand) (thousand) Mean Square Feet per Worker Median Square Feet per Worker Mean Hours per Week Median Hours per Week Median Age of Buildings (years) RSE Row Factor All Buildings (thousand) Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.1 -- 1.3 -- 0.5 -- -- Heating Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Radiators or Baseboards ............... Ducts for Heating ......................... Heating Only .............................. Heating and Cooling ................... Variable Air-Volume System Used ............................. Fan Coil Units for Heating .......................................... Heating Only .............................. Heating and Cooling ................... Individual Space Heaters ............... Other .............................................. Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners ............................. Heat Pumps ................................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................. District Chilled Water ...................... Central Chillers ............................... Packaged Air-Conditioning Units .............................................. Swamp Coolers .............................. Other .............................................. Cooling Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Ducts for Cooling ............................ Cooling Only ................................. Heating and Cooling ..................... Variable Air-Volume System Used ............................... Fan Coil Units for Cooling ..................................... Cooling Only ................................. Heating and Cooling ..................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................. Other .............................................. Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent .................................. Standard Fluorescent ..................... Compact Fluorescent ..................... High-Intensity Discharge ................ Other .............................................. 473 2,955 577 2,378 210 99 78 21 1,464 181 13,263 45,422 5,950 39,472 11,528 5,474 3,569 1,906 22,380 3,310 13,548 55,081 Q 46,568 19,351 6,129 3,417 2,712 24,549 3,213 28.0 15.4 10.3 16.6 54.8 55.5 45.7 92.5 15.3 18.3 9.6 5.0 3.7 5.4 13.5 20.0 15.5 48.0 4.8 4.8 979 825 Q 848 596 893 1,044 703 912 1,030 1,300 900 1,325 833 707 1,267 1,400 1,056 1,225 1,060 65 61 52 63 70 73 68 89 61 67 52 50 48 50 55 54 53 65 50 52 45.5 25.5 36.5 23.5 18.5 35.5 38.5 28.5 28.5 36.5 5.7 4.4 9.1 3.4 11.9 9.0 11.6 12.9 7.5 10.1 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 9,734 9,559 17,997 2,709 18,483 32,786 3,033 254 11.0 18.5 17.6 72.6 91.5 19.1 11.7 35.0 4.2 6.0 5.0 26.5 39.0 6.3 4.2 29.0 927 879 999 763 703 849 687 1,054 900 875 1,250 1,125 863 800 975 1,940 57 65 64 77 73 65 65 57 49 50 52 55 55 54 51 60 29.5 15.5 36.5 27.5 27.5 24.5 30.5 39.5 5.7 6.9 9.7 15.2 7.6 4.0 14.8 30.2 2,733 355 2,378 221 56 35 21 1,023 111 47,755 8,283 39,472 12,430 3,875 1,969 1,906 17,979 2,919 55,881 9,312 46,568 17,840 4,926 2,214 2,712 17,997 3,591 17.5 23.3 16.6 56.2 69.5 56.0 92.5 17.6 26.2 5.6 6.6 5.4 15.0 21.5 10.5 48.0 5.0 5.9 855 889 848 697 787 889 703 999 813 850 1,000 833 670 925 875 1,056 1,250 1,050 63 63 63 71 74 66 89 64 71 50 50 50 58 57 48 65 52 55 24.5 32.5 23.5 18.5 31.5 34.5 28.5 36.5 27.5 3.3 7.0 3.4 7.5 11.4 17.3 12.9 9.7 12.8 2,509 4,065 206 354 78 39,221 62,074 8,336 17,570 1,612 46,381 69,543 16,556 20,068 1,949 15.6 15.3 40.4 49.7 20.6 4.8 5.0 8.5 14.0 6.0 846 893 503 875 827 1,071 1,000 1,000 1,325 750 63 62 78 68 61 50 50 60 53 50 32.5 27.5 24.5 19.5 16.5 4.9 3.8 12.5 8.7 15.0 See footnotes at end of table. 32 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A1. Summary Table of Square Feet, Hours of Operation and Age of Building, 1992 (Continued) Total Total Mean Median Floorspace Workers Square Square (million in All Feet per Feet per square Buildings Building Building feet) (thousand) (thousand) (thousand) Mean Square Feet per Worker Median Square Feet per Worker Mean Hours per Week Median Hours per Week Median Age of Buildings (years) RSE Row Factor All Buildings (thousand) Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.1 -- 1.3 -- 0.5 -- -- Water-Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Centralized System ........................ Self-Heating Tank ........................ Heated by Space-Heating Equipment ................................... Other ............................................ Distributed System ......................... Residential-Type Storage Tank ............................................ Point-of-Use Heaters .................... Other ............................................ Personal Computers and/or Computer Terminals 1 to 4 .............................................. 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ....................................... Wall Insulation ................................ Storm or Multiple Glazing .......................................... Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ............................... Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings .................................... Windows that Open ........................ HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System .......................................... Economizer Cycle .......................... HVAC Maintenance ........................ Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors ......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches ........................................ Other .............................................. 1,994 1,799 103 106 1,557 1,489 56 24 31,599 24,464 3,722 4,032 29,502 25,809 3,367 1,259 35,671 25,936 4,871 5,658 34,002 26,162 Q 1,793 15.8 13.6 36.2 38.2 18.9 17.3 59.7 52.8 5.0 4.8 7.5 8.2 5.9 5.8 9.0 23.0 886 943 764 713 868 986 Q 702 990 970 963 1,150 933 933 1,043 1,100 65 63 67 85 65 64 76 100 52 51 52 69 52 52 55 79 29.5 28.5 35.5 32.5 27.5 27.5 15.5 25.5 4.8 5.4 12.4 11.3 7.1 4.9 22.0 15.0 1,269 336 216 164 59 34 19 13,355 5,970 6,236 7,439 4,908 4,220 5,569 10,478 6,120 6,317 8,008 5,944 7,588 16,609 10.5 17.7 28.9 45.4 83.4 125.3 293.7 5.0 7.5 15.0 23.8 57.0 80.0 186.0 1,275 975 987 929 826 556 335 967 610 667 713 750 530 368 65 60 63 60 71 72 83 52 49 50 49 55 59 66 25.5 20.5 25.5 26.5 22.5 23.5 14.5 4.0 5.5 6.8 7.0 8.5 9.8 14.5 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 58,933 38,937 34,365 36,671 43,073 30,613 15.0 14.3 17.7 23.8 18.4 13.7 4.8 4.6 5.5 6.8 5.4 4.6 854 854 864 693 791 945 1,000 938 1,000 840 800 1,100 61 61 62 63 63 56 50 50 50 50 50 48 24.5 20.5 24.5 22.5 27.5 33.5 4.3 3.8 4.5 6.9 4.0 6.4 250 414 2,503 13,970 18,313 49,173 23,262 29,830 59,978 56.0 44.2 19.6 13.5 12.0 6.0 601 614 820 750 844 933 69 72 65 55 57 52 20.5 20.5 25.5 10.3 8.5 4.6 574 74 59 339 413 78 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 23,021 3,439 6,852 19,096 20,507 3,599 26.6 41.5 61.4 35.7 29.8 33.2 8.0 7.3 10.8 8.2 8.0 12.0 662 893 530 634 601 721 950 1,429 800 950 1,000 1,000 65 93 73 72 69 69 51 84 50 56 57 54 25.5 25.5 25.5 24.5 28.5 23.5 9.5 10.9 10.2 12.3 9.8 11.5 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 33 Table A1. Summary Table of Square Feet, Hours of Operation and Age of Building, 1992 (Continued) Total Total Mean Median Floorspace Workers Square Square All (million in All Feet per Feet per Buildings square Buildings Building Building (thousand) feet) (thousand) (thousand) (thousand) Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.1 -1.3 -0.5 --Mean Square Feet per Worker Median Square Feet per Worker Mean Hours per Week Median Hours per Week Median Age of Buildings (years) RSE Row Factor Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ........................................... Cooling ........................................... Hot Water ....................................... Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. Energy Management Practices (more than one may apply) Energy Management and Control System .......................................... Demand-Side Management Participation .................................. Energy Audit ................................... Building Energy Manager ........................................ 3,400 2,872 578 4,089 547 46,248 42,768 9,966 54,944 7,996 54,309 51,968 11,822 61,385 9,843 13.6 14.9 17.2 13.4 14.6 4.8 5.0 5.6 4.7 4.8 852 823 843 895 812 1,000 929 1,000 1,000 833 51 53 51 51 58 49 49 48 49 50 28.5 28.5 30.5 28.5 23.5 4.0 4.2 5.3 3.7 7.9 236 14,320 20,784 60.7 18.5 689 848 68 52 21.5 7.1 315 521 49 11,310 14,779 2,311 19,265 18,789 3,547 35.9 28.3 46.8 9.0 7.2 8.1 587 787 651 1,000 875 983 70 69 69 55 54 50 26.5 28.5 28.5 9.6 5.5 15.8 (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed. -- = Data not applicable. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 34 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A2. Census Region, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) All Buildings Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: 0.6 Northeast Midwest South West All Buildings Northeast Midwest South West RSE Row Factor 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.6 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ......................................... Siding or Shingles .......................... Metal Panels .................................. Concrete Panels ............................. Window Glass ................................ Other .............................................. 4,806 771 1,202 1,963 870 67,876 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 6.3 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 383 180 109 54 25 12 5 2 676 241 163 66 29 15 10 2 1,171 370 239 106 41 26 6 4 451 184 136 56 20 18 5 1 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 1,074 1,337 1,663 1,976 1,752 1,598 1,696 2,303 1,889 1,763 2,689 2,353 2,097 2,048 2,839 1,601 3,155 2,723 3,782 3,696 2,842 3,720 1,968 2,691 1,208 1,376 2,241 2,043 1,371 2,311 1,386 683 9.7 7.6 8.5 10.3 11.5 14.0 15.2 32.0 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 38 Q 54 12 31 246 126 5 40 16 30 109 16 36 46 29 73 14 26 329 170 11 76 Q 86 233 18 80 112 57 83 15 56 510 299 2 120 24 194 316 21 153 104 32 50 23 41 187 154 5 43 Q 56 103 15 50 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 1,968 Q 445 386 616 2,798 2,525 Q 777 269 452 1,763 199 708 2,386 182 432 487 577 3,156 2,804 Q 861 Q 1,137 3,108 301 1,043 2,620 245 407 597 1,043 4,233 4,152 Q 2,269 238 1,366 4,964 383 1,604 1,496 209 208 292 654 2,214 2,838 272 649 Q 792 1,649 248 1,041 12.7 21.8 14.7 22.1 18.7 10.6 10.2 37.9 17.9 28.5 18.2 14.5 26.6 17.5 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 52 62 166 124 122 118 112 14 78 105 193 208 174 248 158 38 26 66 257 368 324 426 444 51 Q 22 109 179 163 190 170 25 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 676 1,052 2,655 2,070 2,485 2,123 2,053 286 720 1,246 2,296 2,629 2,652 4,086 2,982 670 167 788 2,646 3,898 4,914 4,940 6,317 906 Q 522 1,115 1,825 2,562 2,865 2,934 639 20.7 21.5 13.2 11.3 12.0 10.0 12.2 21.0 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 755 370 284 23 2 71 33 1,139 847 79 24 7 80 46 1,876 888 182 28 10 153 62 845 560 14 21 9 Q 23 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 13,235 8,559 5,535 1,560 302 1,041 444 16,914 13,838 2,541 1,884 684 579 254 23,985 13,408 3,582 983 659 1,514 446 12,415 9,292 1,559 912 421 260 407 6.2 7.7 12.6 18.2 28.3 20.3 23.9 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 694 521 625 142 26 1,047 784 906 201 38 1,687 1,569 1,307 257 37 750 627 664 134 19 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 12,858 11,158 12,410 5,740 756 16,303 14,383 15,460 5,800 895 21,659 21,205 19,592 7,768 1,039 11,176 10,296 11,017 3,757 484 6.4 6.6 6.5 9.5 21.7 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 503 176 68 6 12 6 759 198 215 12 Q 9 1,261 257 372 36 18 19 592 133 90 34 8 13 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 9,981 1,008 930 1,003 372 106 12,914 1,017 1,774 741 524 310 17,174 1,052 3,900 1,461 709 281 8,517 796 789 1,755 423 Q 7.1 12.3 15.2 22.3 25.3 32.5 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 35 Table A2. Census Region, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) All Buildings Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: 0.6 Northeast Midwest South West All Buildings Northeast Midwest South West RSE Row Factor 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.6 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 Predominant Roof Material Built-Up .......................................... Shingles (Not Wood) ...................... Metal Surfacing .............................. Synthetic or Rubber ....................... Slate or Tile .................................... Concrete ......................................... Other .............................................. Floors One ................................................ Two ................................................ Three .............................................. Four to Nine ................................... Ten or More .................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months 1-50 Percent ................................... 51-99 Percent ................................. 100 Percent .................................... None ............................................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... Number of Establishments One ................................................ 2 to 5 .............................................. 6 to 10 ............................................ 11 to 20 .......................................... More than 20 .................................. Currently Unoccupied ..................... 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 226 278 106 100 40 2 19 346 369 269 152 23 5 38 665 532 537 98 45 20 65 405 202 126 35 47 9 46 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 4,889 2,434 853 3,757 526 556 384 6,375 3,213 2,064 4,318 385 Q 361 11,653 3,168 5,098 2,615 577 917 551 7,341 1,755 1,004 1,012 511 506 490 8.6 9.6 13.2 11.1 20.5 33.8 22.5 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 329 213 153 72 4 634 361 158 47 3 1,456 387 84 33 3 588 193 51 35 4 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 2,834 3,564 2,807 2,847 1,348 5,146 5,153 3,042 2,989 950 12,892 5,660 2,255 2,714 1,056 4,552 3,649 1,772 1,827 819 10.0 8.2 11.7 15.7 25.5 4,193 490 94 29 646 94 25 5 1,082 95 23 2 1,754 169 24 15 710 132 21 7 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 8,988 3,478 701 232 13,026 2,852 932 470 20,229 2,872 943 534 9,113 2,613 630 263 7.1 10.3 20.6 27.9 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 404 148 95 77 29 10 7 721 218 122 87 31 17 6 1,180 341 222 147 43 20 9 412 189 122 94 27 17 9 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 2,708 1,328 1,367 2,014 1,899 1,378 2,707 4,747 1,867 1,871 2,521 2,002 2,467 1,805 7,676 3,013 3,266 3,818 2,286 1,984 2,535 2,813 1,316 1,573 2,204 1,577 1,549 1,586 10.3 9.0 12.2 10.1 13.6 15.1 15.1 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 123 191 184 129 83 61 314 294 231 170 127 65 486 541 395 220 167 154 116 252 193 127 101 82 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 1,400 2,272 2,622 2,578 2,486 2,042 2,454 3,446 3,474 3,212 2,217 2,477 3,278 6,543 5,002 3,795 1,938 4,021 1,114 2,738 2,948 2,477 1,826 1,517 12.3 9.2 8.7 10.3 12.9 14.7 362 97 398 3,948 86 8 44 633 87 24 101 990 114 47 177 1,625 76 18 76 700 12,420 2,263 4,109 49,085 3,021 508 752 9,120 3,501 441 946 12,392 3,609 792 1,377 18,799 2,289 521 1,034 8,775 11.6 25.4 15.8 6.9 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 683 552 112 19 88 1,070 844 173 53 132 1,729 1,267 361 101 234 725 529 171 24 146 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 9,978 7,311 2,350 316 3,422 13,127 10,421 2,211 495 4,153 19,480 13,503 5,177 800 5,097 10,167 7,168 2,534 465 2,452 6.3 6.3 13.2 21.6 12.0 3,886 517 89 49 36 229 617 104 16 6 6 22 977 134 16 9 5 60 1,605 171 31 21 19 116 687 107 26 14 6 30 47,997 7,882 2,562 2,039 4,938 2,457 8,913 1,809 432 355 1,558 333 12,266 1,831 563 519 1,401 699 18,409 2,396 877 821 1,170 904 8,409 1,845 689 345 809 521 7.5 12.7 19.7 28.1 25.5 22.1 See footnotes at end of table. 36 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A2. Census Region, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) All Buildings Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: 0.6 Northeast Midwest South West All Buildings Northeast Midwest South West RSE Row Factor 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.6 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters ............... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .............................. Heat Pumps ................................... Individual Air Conditioners ............. District Chilled Water ...................... Central Chillers ............................... Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ............................................... Swamp Coolers .............................. Other .............................................. Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ............... Wall Insulation ................................ Storm or Multiple Glazing ............... Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass .............................................. Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ..................................... Windows that Open ........................ HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System .......... Economizer Cycle .......................... HVAC Maintenance ........................ 653 688 618 2,846 77 98 111 484 168 163 143 727 280 298 229 1,155 128 128 135 480 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 646 2,479 2,114 8,161 1,120 2,034 2,249 11,876 2,983 4,414 3,107 14,073 1,460 2,268 2,740 6,151 15.2 13.4 10.9 6.8 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 250 241 125 155 417 287 170 327 394 486 244 839 243 161 119 347 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 2,242 5,640 3,049 2,469 2,898 6,318 3,825 4,240 3,372 6,482 4,097 10,627 2,323 3,275 2,902 4,118 11.2 8.8 10.7 9.2 413 881 813 2,699 46 170 171 384 138 245 210 609 178 344 283 1,158 51 123 148 549 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 454 1,763 3,098 8,085 1,031 2,771 3,914 9,565 1,193 3,759 4,613 15,013 601 1,688 2,599 7,731 19.2 11.0 11.1 7.3 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 41 290 218 23 260 86 12 28 592 376 23 188 121 11 280 557 626 27 111 440 15 99 252 245 20 65 223 Q 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 1,328 3,268 4,907 1,553 6,192 2,890 180 1,324 5,579 6,187 1,869 6,478 3,033 205 3,632 4,971 7,642 927 5,404 6,440 309 1,985 3,092 3,643 875 2,590 3,637 Q 15.4 9.2 9.4 18.3 10.3 11.4 31.6 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 97 43 269 2 28 208 Q Q 275 29 229 7 31 331 Q Q 363 285 433 10 58 610 39 Q 82 96 92 9 25 310 129 Q 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 1,508 1,286 5,806 302 2,519 5,879 Q Q 2,968 1,416 4,723 684 3,163 6,564 Q Q 3,455 3,745 5,683 659 4,854 10,058 335 Q 1,091 1,959 1,767 421 2,456 5,329 1,546 Q 11.7 14.8 11.4 28.3 14.5 8.2 28.1 68.4 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 531 376 420 115 279 451 851 584 616 235 427 541 1,356 960 448 451 741 756 605 401 195 266 406 371 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 9,893 6,633 8,075 4,184 6,436 7,706 12,918 8,184 9,885 6,540 8,376 8,117 18,108 12,175 8,380 8,899 12,210 8,838 9,392 6,248 3,344 5,774 7,049 4,276 6.6 7.7 9.2 9.9 8.1 8.5 250 414 2,503 46 64 495 68 126 596 59 120 944 77 105 467 13,970 18,313 49,173 3,147 4,110 10,634 4,172 5,571 12,737 3,744 5,179 16,505 2,907 3,453 9,297 13.4 11.8 7.0 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 37 Table A2. Census Region, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) All Buildings Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: 0.6 Northeast Midwest South West All Buildings Northeast Midwest South West RSE Row Factor 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.6 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors .......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches .............. Other .............................................. Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............ Building Shell ................................. HVAC ............................................. Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. Energy Management Practices (more than one may apply) Energy Management and Control System ........................ Demand-Side Management Participation ................................... Energy Audit ................................... Building Energy Manager ............... Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program ................... HVAC Program .............................. Lighting Program ............................ Other DSM Programs ..................... 574 74 59 339 413 78 114 12 8 74 81 21 141 23 16 73 120 16 202 20 7 93 117 12 116 20 28 100 96 29 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 3,837 626 874 2,684 3,027 617 4,017 1,211 743 2,392 3,777 704 4,249 569 764 3,766 2,996 440 3,138 666 1,247 3,262 2,529 836 11.9 19.7 18.1 13.9 12.6 20.3 4,357 4,223 2,604 1,178 264 711 693 504 241 57 1,097 1,076 626 295 67 1,737 1,667 980 375 85 812 787 494 268 55 64,403 62,056 50,281 29,453 5,952 12,891 12,612 10,840 6,727 1,626 16,619 16,031 13,100 7,790 1,575 22,659 21,758 16,864 8,307 1,757 12,234 11,655 9,477 6,628 993 6.5 6.6 6.8 8.7 14.2 236 315 521 49 38 99 132 8 68 68 122 11 71 72 157 14 59 75 110 16 14,320 11,310 14,779 2,311 2,474 3,436 4,136 340 4,359 3,279 3,944 647 4,506 2,600 3,810 966 2,981 1,994 2,890 359 13.0 12.9 10.2 25.3 36 154 228 110 13 30 85 31 8 33 49 27 9 49 44 33 6 41 50 19 1,079 6,370 8,805 6,176 198 1,386 3,014 1,801 447 1,988 2,620 1,819 273 1,777 1,740 1,648 161 1,220 1,431 908 29.4 14.6 15.4 18.0 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 38 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A3. Census Region, Percent of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 Percent of Buildings Percent of Floorspace Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: All Buildings Northeast Midwest South West All Buildings Northeast Midwest South West RSE Row Factor -- 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.2 -- 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ......................................... Siding or Shingles .......................... Metal Panels .................................. Concrete Panels ............................. Window Glass ................................ Other .............................................. 100.0 16.0 25.0 40.8 18.1 100.0 19.7 25.5 36.2 18.6 6.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 14.3 18.5 16.9 19.2 21.4 16.4 20.5 26.0 25.2 24.7 25.3 23.4 25.4 20.9 37.6 20.5 43.7 37.9 36.9 37.7 35.5 37.0 24.4 44.5 16.8 18.9 21.0 19.8 17.7 25.7 17.4 9.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 14.7 18.6 16.0 19.6 21.7 16.5 21.5 31.6 25.8 24.5 25.9 23.4 26.0 21.2 36.0 22.0 43.1 37.8 36.4 36.7 35.3 38.4 24.9 37.0 16.5 19.1 21.6 20.3 17.0 23.9 17.6 9.4 10.0 8.3 8.5 9.8 11.1 13.8 13.2 33.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 12.5 Q 20.7 18.7 20.0 19.4 16.8 20.5 14.3 26.5 8.3 14.4 22.7 11.3 15.3 22.0 28.2 22.5 17.0 25.8 22.6 48.1 27.2 Q 23.6 30.6 26.1 24.9 37.4 44.0 31.9 23.0 36.7 40.1 40.0 8.4 43.0 40.8 52.9 41.5 29.9 48.1 34.8 24.5 19.1 35.7 26.4 14.7 20.6 23.0 15.5 Q 15.2 13.5 21.3 15.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 23.2 Q 29.8 21.9 21.3 22.6 20.5 Q 17.1 32.8 12.1 15.4 17.6 16.1 28.2 24.1 28.9 27.6 20.0 25.4 22.8 33.4 18.9 Q 30.4 27.1 26.6 23.7 30.9 32.4 27.3 33.9 36.1 34.1 33.7 Q 49.8 29.1 36.4 43.2 33.9 36.5 17.7 27.6 13.9 16.6 22.6 17.9 23.0 16.4 14.2 Q 21.1 14.4 21.9 23.7 12.7 19.7 14.7 22.6 17.9 10.6 10.3 38.8 21.0 25.8 17.2 15.1 27.5 16.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 31.0 24.4 22.9 14.1 15.6 12.0 12.7 11.0 46.1 41.2 26.6 23.6 22.2 25.3 17.9 29.7 15.7 25.9 35.5 41.9 41.4 43.4 50.2 39.7 Q 8.5 15.0 20.4 20.8 19.3 19.3 19.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 39.3 29.2 30.5 19.9 19.7 15.2 14.4 11.4 41.9 34.5 26.4 25.2 21.0 29.2 20.9 26.8 9.7 21.8 30.4 37.4 39.0 35.2 44.2 36.2 Q 14.5 12.8 17.5 20.3 20.4 20.5 25.6 19.5 21.3 13.0 11.4 12.3 9.8 12.5 20.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.4 13.9 50.8 24.5 7.3 21.2 20.0 24.7 31.8 14.2 24.8 25.1 23.8 27.9 40.7 33.3 32.6 28.9 36.2 45.5 38.3 18.3 21.0 2.4 21.9 31.4 Q 13.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19.9 19.0 41.9 29.2 14.6 30.7 28.6 25.4 30.7 19.2 35.3 33.1 17.1 16.4 36.0 29.7 27.1 18.4 31.9 44.6 28.7 18.7 20.6 11.8 17.1 20.4 7.6 26.2 6.2 7.7 12.3 18.6 28.9 19.9 24.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.6 14.9 17.9 19.4 21.5 25.1 22.4 25.9 27.4 31.6 40.4 44.8 37.3 35.0 31.0 17.9 17.9 19.0 18.3 15.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 20.7 19.6 21.2 24.9 23.8 26.3 25.2 26.4 25.1 28.2 34.9 37.2 33.5 33.7 32.7 18.0 18.0 18.8 16.3 15.3 6.3 6.5 6.4 9.7 22.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.1 23.1 9.1 6.8 25.3 12.1 24.4 25.9 28.8 13.8 19.3 18.9 40.5 33.6 49.9 40.8 38.6 41.4 19.0 17.4 12.1 38.6 16.7 27.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 20.5 26.0 12.6 20.2 18.3 10.2 26.6 26.3 24.0 14.9 25.8 29.9 35.3 27.2 52.8 29.5 35.0 27.1 17.5 20.5 10.7 35.4 20.9 32.8 7.1 12.6 15.6 22.5 27.0 35.1 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 39 Table A3. Census Region, Percent of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Percent of Buildings Percent of Floorspace Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: All Buildings Northeast Midwest South West All Buildings Northeast Midwest South West RSE Row Factor -- 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.2 -- 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 Predominant Roof Material Built-Up .......................................... Shingles (Not Wood) ...................... Metal Surfacing .............................. Synthetic or Rubber ....................... Slate or Tile .................................... Concrete ......................................... Other .............................................. Floors One ................................................ Two ................................................ Three .............................................. Four to Nine ................................... Ten or More .................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months 1-50 Percent ................................... 51-99 Percent ................................. 100 Percent .................................... None ............................................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... Number of Establishments One ................................................ 2 to 5 .............................................. 6 to 10 ............................................ 11 to 20 .......................................... More than 20 .................................. Currently Unoccupied ..................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 13.8 20.1 10.2 25.9 25.9 5.1 11.3 21.1 26.7 25.9 39.5 14.6 14.7 22.7 40.5 38.5 51.8 25.4 29.0 55.1 38.7 24.7 14.6 12.1 9.1 30.5 25.1 27.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.2 23.0 9.5 32.1 26.3 21.9 21.5 21.1 30.4 22.9 36.9 19.3 22.2 20.2 38.5 30.0 56.5 22.3 28.9 36.0 30.9 24.3 16.6 11.1 8.6 25.6 19.9 27.4 8.7 9.4 13.6 11.1 20.6 34.2 22.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10.9 18.5 34.4 38.4 30.6 21.1 31.3 35.4 25.1 19.3 48.4 33.5 18.8 17.9 22.9 19.6 16.8 11.4 18.6 27.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 11.1 19.8 28.4 27.4 32.3 20.2 28.6 30.8 28.8 22.8 50.7 31.4 22.8 26.2 25.3 17.9 20.2 17.9 17.6 19.6 10.1 8.5 12.2 15.5 24.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 15.4 19.2 27.1 15.8 25.8 19.4 24.1 6.8 41.8 34.5 26.0 52.9 16.9 26.9 22.8 24.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 17.5 29.4 21.9 15.5 25.4 24.1 29.1 31.3 39.4 24.3 29.4 35.6 17.7 22.1 19.7 17.6 7.2 10.8 21.2 27.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 14.9 16.5 16.9 19.0 22.3 16.0 23.7 26.5 24.3 21.7 21.4 24.0 25.7 20.1 43.4 38.1 39.6 36.3 33.2 31.1 29.0 15.2 21.1 21.8 23.3 20.5 27.1 27.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 15.1 17.7 16.9 19.1 24.5 18.7 31.4 26.5 24.8 23.2 23.9 25.8 33.4 20.9 42.8 40.0 40.4 36.2 29.4 26.9 29.4 15.7 17.5 19.5 20.9 20.3 21.0 18.4 9.9 9.2 12.3 9.9 13.0 14.4 15.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 11.9 14.9 18.3 20.0 17.4 16.8 30.2 23.0 23.1 26.3 26.6 18.0 46.7 42.3 39.4 34.1 34.9 42.6 11.2 19.7 19.2 19.6 21.0 22.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 17.0 15.1 18.7 21.4 29.4 20.3 29.8 23.0 24.7 26.6 26.2 24.6 39.8 43.6 35.6 31.5 22.9 40.0 13.5 18.3 21.0 20.5 21.6 15.1 12.2 9.3 8.7 10.5 13.6 15.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 23.7 8.3 11.0 16.0 24.0 25.1 25.4 25.1 31.4 48.4 44.5 41.2 20.9 18.2 19.2 17.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 24.3 22.4 18.3 18.6 28.2 19.5 23.0 25.2 29.1 35.0 33.5 38.3 18.4 23.0 25.2 17.9 11.7 23.8 15.6 6.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.2 17.3 13.7 9.6 14.7 25.4 26.4 21.2 27.1 22.0 41.1 39.7 44.2 51.1 39.0 17.2 16.6 20.9 12.2 24.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 18.9 19.0 19.2 15.2 22.6 24.9 27.1 18.0 23.9 27.5 36.9 35.2 42.2 38.5 33.7 19.3 18.7 20.6 22.4 16.2 6.3 6.4 13.9 22.4 12.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 15.9 20.1 18.4 11.4 16.5 9.7 25.2 26.0 17.7 17.9 15.2 26.2 41.3 33.1 34.9 41.9 52.2 50.9 17.7 20.8 29.0 28.8 16.1 13.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 18.6 23.0 16.9 17.4 31.5 13.5 25.6 23.2 22.0 25.4 28.4 28.4 38.4 30.4 34.2 40.2 23.7 36.8 17.5 23.4 26.9 16.9 16.4 21.2 7.3 12.9 20.8 28.3 24.1 22.8 See footnotes at end of table. 40 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A3. Census Region, Percent of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Percent of Buildings Percent of Floorspace Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: All Buildings Northeast Midwest South West All Buildings Northeast Midwest South West RSE Row Factor -- 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.2 -- 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters ............... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .................................. Heat Pumps ................................... Individual Air Conditioners ............. District Chilled Water ...................... Central Chillers ............................... Packaged Air-Conditioning Units .............................................. Swamp Coolers .............................. Other .............................................. Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ............... Wall Insulation ................................ Storm or Multiple Glazing ............... Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ............................................. Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings .................................... Windows that Open ........................ HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System .......... Economizer Cycle .......................... HVAC Maintenance ........................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 11.8 14.3 18.0 17.0 25.8 23.7 23.2 25.5 42.9 43.4 37.1 40.6 19.5 18.6 21.8 16.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10.4 22.1 20.7 20.3 18.0 18.2 22.0 29.5 48.0 39.4 30.4 35.0 23.5 20.3 26.8 15.3 15.7 14.1 10.9 7.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19.1 20.5 19.0 9.3 32.0 24.4 25.9 19.6 30.2 41.3 37.0 50.3 18.6 13.7 18.1 20.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 20.7 26.0 22.0 11.5 26.7 29.1 27.6 19.8 31.1 29.8 29.5 49.5 21.4 15.1 20.9 19.2 11.4 8.9 10.8 9.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 11.2 19.3 21.1 14.2 33.3 27.8 25.8 22.6 43.2 39.0 34.8 42.9 12.2 13.9 18.3 20.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 13.9 17.7 21.8 20.0 31.4 27.8 27.5 23.7 36.4 37.7 32.4 37.2 18.3 16.9 18.3 19.1 19.6 11.2 11.7 6.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 9.2 17.2 14.9 24.9 41.8 9.9 27.7 6.2 35.0 25.7 25.1 30.2 13.9 25.3 62.4 33.0 42.7 28.5 17.7 50.5 35.3 22.1 14.9 16.8 21.5 10.4 25.6 Q 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.1 19.3 21.9 29.7 30.0 18.1 20.0 16.0 33.0 27.6 35.8 31.3 19.0 22.7 43.9 29.4 34.1 17.7 26.2 40.3 34.2 24.0 18.3 16.3 16.8 12.5 22.7 Q 15.7 9.7 9.5 18.7 11.1 11.2 30.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 11.9 9.5 26.3 7.3 19.7 14.2 Q Q 33.7 6.5 22.4 25.1 22.0 22.7 Q Q 44.4 62.8 42.3 36.2 40.6 41.8 21.6 Q 10.1 21.3 9.0 31.4 17.7 21.2 71.9 Q 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.7 15.3 32.3 14.6 19.4 21.1 Q Q 32.9 16.8 26.3 33.1 24.3 23.6 Q Q 38.3 44.5 31.6 31.9 37.4 36.1 16.1 Q 12.1 23.3 9.8 20.4 18.9 19.1 74.1 Q 11.9 15.2 11.7 28.9 14.9 8.2 19.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 15.9 16.2 25.0 10.8 15.1 21.3 25.5 25.2 36.7 22.0 23.1 25.5 40.5 41.4 26.7 42.2 40.0 35.7 18.1 17.3 11.6 24.9 21.9 17.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19.7 20.0 27.2 16.5 18.9 26.6 25.7 24.6 33.3 25.8 24.6 28.1 36.0 36.6 28.2 35.0 35.8 30.5 18.7 18.8 11.3 22.7 20.7 14.8 6.8 7.9 9.5 9.4 8.4 8.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 18.3 15.3 19.8 27.4 30.5 23.8 23.6 28.9 37.7 30.8 25.2 18.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 22.5 22.4 21.6 29.9 30.4 25.9 26.8 28.3 33.6 20.8 18.9 18.9 13.7 12.2 6.9 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 41 Table A3. Census Region, Percent of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Percent of Buildings Percent of Floorspace Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: All Buildings Northeast Midwest South West All Buildings Northeast Midwest South West RSE Row Factor -- 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.2 -- 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors ......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches .............. Other .............................................. Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............ Building Shell ................................. HVAC ............................................. Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. Energy Management Practices (more than one may apply) Energy Management and Control System .......................................... Demand-Side Management Participation .................................. Energy Audit ................................... Building Energy Manager ............... Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program ................... HVAC Program .............................. Lighting Program ............................ Other DSM Programs ..................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19.9 16.8 13.4 21.8 19.5 26.9 24.6 30.4 27.5 21.4 29.0 20.5 35.2 26.4 11.4 27.3 28.4 14.9 20.2 26.4 47.8 29.4 23.1 37.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 25.2 20.4 24.1 22.2 24.5 23.7 26.4 39.4 20.5 19.8 30.6 27.1 27.9 18.5 21.1 31.1 24.3 16.9 20.6 21.7 34.4 27.0 20.5 32.2 11.7 19.3 19.1 14.6 12.5 20.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.3 16.4 19.4 20.4 21.6 25.2 25.5 24.0 25.0 25.6 39.9 39.5 37.6 31.8 32.1 18.6 18.6 19.0 22.7 20.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 20.0 20.3 21.6 22.8 27.3 25.8 25.8 26.1 26.4 26.5 35.2 35.1 33.5 28.2 29.5 19.0 18.8 18.8 22.5 16.7 6.5 6.6 6.7 9.0 13.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.3 31.4 25.4 15.5 28.8 21.7 23.3 23.0 29.9 23.0 30.1 28.8 24.9 23.9 21.2 32.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 17.3 30.4 28.0 14.7 30.4 29.0 26.7 28.0 31.5 23.0 25.8 41.8 20.8 17.6 19.6 15.5 12.7 13.1 9.9 24.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 35.9 19.8 37.2 28.1 23.4 21.6 21.6 24.3 23.7 31.9 19.4 30.1 17.0 26.7 21.9 17.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 18.3 21.8 34.2 29.2 41.4 31.2 29.8 29.5 25.3 27.9 19.8 26.7 14.9 19.1 16.3 14.7 29.6 14.2 15.5 17.8 -- = Data not applicable. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 42 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A4. Census Region and Division, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Census Region and Division Northeast Midwest South West Building Characteristics All Buildings New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.3 1.7 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.9 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 4,806 186 585 749 453 755 454 754 297 574 13.0 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 87 50 22 14 9 3 (*) Q 297 129 88 40 16 8 5 2 422 149 104 37 22 9 5 1 254 92 59 29 8 6 4 1 431 138 99 51 18 13 4 1 249 97 63 29 8 7 1 Q 490 135 76 26 14 7 2 Q 166 51 49 20 5 4 1 Q 285 133 87 35 16 14 4 1 16.1 14.7 15.3 17.6 17.6 23.9 25.3 44.0 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 12 Q Q Q Q 55 42 Q 11 Q Q 18 Q Q 26 Q 45 9 21 191 84 Q 29 16 22 91 13 29 26 Q 48 8 11 216 116 Q 44 Q 47 142 Q 53 20 Q Q Q 15 113 53 Q 32 Q 39 91 11 27 40 Q 39 Q 29 177 113 2 53 Q 86 116 11 47 19 Q Q Q 17 137 78 Q 17 Q Q 83 Q 35 54 Q 34 Q 11 196 108 Q 49 Q 65 117 Q 72 22 Q Q Q 13 63 52 Q 17 Q 23 48 Q Q 82 Q 38 19 28 124 102 2 26 Q 33 54 Q 31 21.6 38.4 20.6 37.5 30.5 14.2 18.0 56.8 22.3 32.9 23.8 22.5 43.8 24.0 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 10 22 36 37 23 29 25 Q 42 41 130 87 99 89 87 9 52 67 125 134 111 167 75 18 26 38 68 74 63 81 83 20 Q 21 98 127 140 158 175 26 Q Q 59 70 74 110 99 16 Q 26 100 172 111 158 169 9 Q Q 35 48 52 64 69 4 Q Q 74 131 110 126 101 21 27.4 27.4 21.2 16.6 17.0 17.3 17.3 35.2 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 186 63 104 6 Q Q Q 569 307 180 18 2 45 24 723 561 59 10 1 33 24 416 287 20 13 6 Q Q 736 188 130 16 6 101 40 428 224 35 5 Q 38 Q 712 476 17 7 3 Q Q 283 198 3 9 Q Q Q 562 362 11 12 7 Q 19 12.8 15.3 23.3 27.6 41.2 31.4 32.7 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 182 128 162 36 13 513 393 464 106 13 662 478 577 132 21 385 307 329 69 Q 657 596 509 105 14 404 369 316 56 Q 626 604 482 96 19 255 221 222 32 Q 495 407 442 102 13 12.7 12.4 12.6 16.4 29.3 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 43 Table A4. Census Region and Division, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Census Region and Division Northeast Midwest South West Building Characteristics All Buildings New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.3 1.7 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.9 Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ......................................... Siding or Shingles .......................... Metal Panels .................................. Concrete Panels ............................. Window Glass ................................ Other .............................................. Predominant Roof Material Built-Up .......................................... Shingles (Not Wood) ...................... Metal Surfacing .............................. Synthetic or Rubber ....................... Slate or Tile .................................... Concrete ......................................... Other .............................................. Floors One ................................................ Two ................................................ Three .............................................. Four to Nine ................................... Ten or More .................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months 1-50 Percent ................................... 51-99 Percent ................................. 100 Percent .................................... None ............................................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 116 48 Q Q Q Q 387 129 55 5 Q Q 498 122 113 5 Q Q 262 76 102 7 Q Q 524 104 101 Q Q Q 296 49 96 Q Q Q 441 104 175 22 5 Q 210 27 Q 8 Q Q 383 105 45 26 7 Q 12.5 20.8 23.3 27.6 38.7 57.0 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 57 76 Q 28 8 Q Q 170 202 89 72 32 2 18 229 245 135 112 12 4 Q 117 124 133 41 Q Q 26 256 232 162 46 21 15 23 143 133 125 25 Q Q Q 266 166 250 27 Q Q 26 134 63 Q 11 Q Q Q 272 139 68 25 38 6 26 13.3 16.3 21.9 18.9 27.9 53.5 33.2 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 70 54 39 23 Q 259 160 115 48 3 381 226 113 27 2 253 134 45 20 Q 518 172 44 19 Q 312 113 21 7 Q 625 102 19 Q Q 198 65 16 16 Q 390 129 34 18 3 16.3 13.9 22.5 25.3 35.4 4,193 490 94 29 147 27 11 Q 499 67 15 3 660 68 20 2 422 28 Q Q 679 60 9 8 392 50 Q Q 683 59 Q Q 258 33 Q Q 452 98 19 4 13.5 17.0 31.8 42.1 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 76 44 27 23 10 3 2 328 104 67 54 19 7 6 447 148 66 54 20 11 4 275 69 56 33 12 6 3 448 117 90 61 23 10 6 247 78 73 41 9 5 1 485 145 60 45 11 5 2 155 63 36 27 8 4 Q 257 125 87 67 18 13 6 16.1 15.4 18.2 16.4 19.9 22.0 23.6 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 16 52 43 33 28 14 107 139 141 95 55 47 176 198 159 107 74 34 138 96 72 63 53 31 185 183 152 91 72 71 93 151 84 44 42 41 208 207 159 85 52 43 46 86 61 38 36 29 70 166 132 88 65 53 20.7 16.6 15.3 14.4 19.8 21.0 362 97 398 3,948 30 Q Q 146 55 6 36 487 51 11 55 632 36 Q 46 357 53 15 61 626 23 Q 36 385 38 22 80 614 20 Q 23 247 56 10 54 454 18.7 36.2 23.7 13.3 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 163 140 21 Q 23 520 413 91 17 65 679 562 82 35 71 392 282 91 Q 61 660 474 149 37 95 407 321 73 Q 47 662 473 139 51 91 251 205 39 Q 46 474 325 132 17 100 12.9 13.6 18.9 30.9 20.6 See footnotes at end of table. 44 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A4. Census Region and Division, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Census Region and Division Northeast Midwest South West Building Characteristics All Buildings New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.3 1.7 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.9 Number of Establishments One ................................................ 2 to 5 .............................................. 6 to 10 ............................................ 11 to 20 .......................................... More than 20 .................................. Currently Unoccupied ..................... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters ............... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .............................. Heat Pumps ................................... Individual Air Conditioners ............. District Chilled Water ...................... Central Chillers ............................... Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ............................................... Swamp Coolers .............................. Other .............................................. Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ............... Wall Insulation ................................ Storm or Multiple Glazing ............... Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass .............................................. Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ..................................... Windows that Open ........................ 3,886 517 89 49 36 229 144 33 Q Q Q Q 473 71 11 Q 5 20 614 83 7 Q 3 39 363 51 Q Q 3 Q 608 67 21 12 8 40 380 49 Q Q Q Q 617 55 9 Q 7 60 246 31 Q Q Q Q 441 76 24 10 5 17 13.9 18.7 28.4 44.8 36.0 28.9 653 688 618 2,846 Q 20 35 126 72 78 76 358 98 105 89 457 71 58 54 270 100 126 80 449 50 67 40 297 130 106 109 409 Q 37 39 178 84 91 96 302 20.7 19.0 19.2 13.0 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 58 49 40 39 192 192 85 116 272 176 112 190 146 111 58 137 160 200 82 314 84 110 66 194 150 177 96 331 76 51 41 129 167 110 79 218 19.1 15.0 18.2 14.7 413 881 813 2,699 Q 29 40 112 41 141 131 271 61 161 148 379 77 84 62 230 50 134 122 450 37 73 61 284 92 137 101 424 Q 44 49 180 26 78 100 369 26.0 17.5 16.6 13.3 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 8 60 55 6 90 22 Q 34 231 163 18 171 65 Q 16 378 233 10 124 76 Q 12 213 143 13 64 45 Q 160 187 229 16 63 155 Q 78 129 173 5 24 88 Q 43 241 223 6 23 197 Q 30 104 90 8 32 41 Q 70 148 155 12 33 181 Q 23.2 16.3 16.9 27.9 18.5 18.1 65.5 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 33 11 64 Q 11 48 Q Q 64 32 204 2 17 160 Q Q 157 18 161 1 19 197 Q Q 118 11 69 6 13 134 Q Q 113 161 163 6 32 211 Q Q 71 83 110 Q 10 136 Q Q 179 41 161 3 16 263 33 Q 33 30 26 Q 8 78 93 Q 49 66 66 7 17 232 36 Q 20.6 21.5 18.2 41.2 22.0 14.8 34.8 126.7 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 151 102 110 32 81 119 380 273 310 83 198 332 538 362 399 137 259 354 313 222 217 99 168 187 561 391 203 189 306 338 310 229 136 95 170 165 485 339 110 166 265 252 231 137 96 79 134 122 374 264 99 188 272 249 13.1 14.3 16.8 15.1 14.6 15.8 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 45 Table A4. Census Region and Division, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Census Region and Division Northeast Midwest South West Building Characteristics All Buildings New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.3 1.7 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.9 HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System .......... Economizer Cycle .......................... HVAC Maintenance ........................ Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors .......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches .............. Other .............................................. Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............ Building Shell ................................. HVAC ............................................. Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. Energy Management Practices (more than one may apply) Energy Management and Control System ........................ Demand-Side Management Participation ................................... Energy Audit ................................... Building Energy Manager ............... Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program ................... HVAC Program .............................. Lighting Program ............................ Other DSM Programs ..................... 250 414 2,503 Q 17 144 30 46 351 41 71 373 27 56 223 28 66 398 11 28 219 20 26 328 21 36 155 56 69 312 17.7 18.9 13.5 574 74 59 339 413 78 32 2 3 23 31 Q 82 11 4 51 50 18 89 15 15 51 79 10 52 8 Q 22 41 Q 85 12 3 56 49 5 44 Q Q 10 24 Q 73 Q 3 27 45 Q 23 9 4 33 32 13 93 11 24 66 64 17 18.9 33.0 28.7 20.6 18.8 37.0 4,357 4,223 2,604 1,178 264 182 179 145 72 13 530 514 359 168 44 693 677 390 195 50 403 399 236 100 18 704 679 420 164 44 391 371 226 74 8 642 617 333 137 32 279 269 166 81 15 533 518 328 187 40 12.9 13.1 13.2 14.2 23.8 236 315 521 49 14 45 43 Q 25 54 89 Q 44 53 84 7 24 16 38 Q 23 44 64 3 27 15 34 Q 21 14 59 10 14 13 17 Q 45 62 93 12 20.3 23.1 20.0 40.3 36 154 228 110 Q Q 41 Q Q 20 44 13 8 25 42 19 Q 8 7 7 6 33 25 22 Q Q 9 Q Q 8 10 6 Q Q 8 Q 6 32 41 18 50.2 23.9 26.0 26.8 (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 46 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A5. Census Region and Division, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Census Region and Division Northeast Midwest South West Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 1.5 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.9 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 67,876 3,265 10,135 10,712 6,568 10,586 5,375 8,616 3,645 8,974 10.9 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 240 387 333 520 625 460 156 Q 834 949 1,330 1,456 1,127 1,138 1,540 1,759 1,224 1,079 1,685 1,356 1,588 1,231 1,496 1,053 666 684 1,004 998 510 817 1,343 548 1,123 1,028 1,542 1,737 1,254 1,847 1,083 972 659 703 999 1,047 585 943 359 Q 1,373 992 1,241 912 1,003 930 526 Q 460 388 811 773 288 497 295 Q 748 988 1,430 1,270 1,083 1,815 1,091 550 16.2 14.5 14.9 18.4 17.2 23.3 25.1 40.3 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 604 Q Q Q Q 603 691 Q Q Q Q 289 Q Q 1,364 Q 348 241 458 2,195 1,833 Q 547 268 377 1,475 120 490 1,534 Q 290 265 409 1,860 2,025 Q 457 Q 816 1,909 Q 538 852 Q Q 222 168 1,296 780 Q 404 Q 322 1,199 Q 505 1,168 Q 180 307 524 1,632 2,040 Q 704 Q 649 2,115 167 437 548 Q Q Q 258 1,129 941 Q 180 Q 286 1,441 Q 253 904 Q 178 Q 261 1,472 1,171 Q Q Q 431 1,408 Q 914 410 Q Q Q 235 662 758 Q 207 Q 200 607 Q 236 1,086 Q 154 261 419 1,552 2,080 224 442 Q 592 1,042 181 805 17.8 38.6 21.0 29.9 27.1 18.8 15.2 55.2 28.7 47.4 30.2 24.5 36.9 29.8 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 113 310 570 441 436 634 669 Q 562 743 2,085 1,629 2,048 1,490 1,384 194 404 780 1,586 1,921 1,861 2,350 1,442 369 Q Q 710 708 790 1,736 1,540 301 Q Q 1,006 1,230 2,667 2,267 2,589 487 Q Q 562 1,057 907 1,195 1,266 268 Q Q 1,078 1,610 1,340 1,478 2,463 151 Q Q 297 545 670 699 1,022 148 Q Q 818 1,280 1,892 2,166 1,912 491 28.6 28.1 22.6 19.7 20.1 16.2 20.5 25.8 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 3,265 1,761 2,184 413 Q Q Q 9,971 6,798 3,351 1,147 245 581 383 10,586 8,669 1,604 991 Q 349 136 6,328 5,169 938 893 462 230 Q 10,431 4,776 2,319 451 252 1,177 Q 5,237 3,259 557 131 Q 221 Q 8,318 5,372 706 402 345 Q Q 3,562 2,560 348 364 Q Q Q 8,853 6,732 1,212 548 345 221 Q 11.0 12.1 18.4 24.6 36.7 27.8 35.6 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 3,220 2,647 3,043 1,411 371 9,638 8,511 9,367 4,329 385 10,168 8,748 9,580 3,727 722 6,135 5,635 5,880 2,073 173 9,482 9,358 8,581 3,379 486 4,550 4,397 4,127 1,337 Q 7,627 7,451 6,884 3,052 488 3,382 3,081 3,221 1,007 Q 7,794 7,215 7,795 2,751 301 10.8 11.2 10.7 17.4 30.9 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 47 Table A5. Census Region and Division, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Census Region and Division Northeast Midwest South West Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 1.5 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.9 Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ......................................... Siding or Shingles .......................... Metal Panels .................................. Concrete Panels ............................. Window Glass ................................ Other .............................................. Predominant Roof Material Built-Up .......................................... Shingles (Not Wood) ...................... Metal Surfacing .............................. Synthetic or Rubber ....................... Slate or Tile .................................... Concrete ......................................... Other .............................................. Floors One ................................................ Two ................................................ Three .............................................. Four to Nine ................................... Ten or More .................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months 1-50 Percent ................................... 51-99 Percent ................................. 100 Percent .................................... None ............................................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 2,537 365 Q Q Q Q 7,444 643 786 Q 310 Q 8,236 617 967 323 480 Q 4,677 400 808 418 Q Q 7,852 371 1,389 587 320 Q 3,297 224 1,300 Q Q Q 6,024 457 1,211 511 220 Q 2,643 96 301 514 Q Q 5,874 700 487 1,241 380 Q 11.7 20.4 22.8 27.2 35.4 55.6 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 882 696 Q 941 209 Q Q 4,007 1,738 678 2,817 317 225 354 4,485 2,221 941 2,489 186 Q Q 1,889 992 1,123 1,828 Q Q 246 5,096 1,201 1,884 1,169 310 Q 242 2,175 872 1,184 848 Q Q Q 4,381 1,095 2,029 597 200 167 146 2,048 466 424 317 Q Q Q 5,293 1,289 579 695 431 418 269 15.1 18.7 20.1 18.1 33.9 42.9 30.1 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 563 883 623 832 Q 2,271 2,680 2,184 2,016 984 3,172 3,389 1,969 1,533 648 1,974 1,764 1,073 1,456 Q 4,634 2,619 1,288 1,593 451 2,622 1,480 420 Q Q 5,637 1,561 547 440 432 1,384 1,138 388 611 Q 3,168 2,511 1,385 1,217 695 17.1 15.3 18.8 22.0 32.8 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 1,978 1,092 119 Q 7,011 2,387 582 156 7,563 1,958 787 Q 5,464 894 Q Q 8,644 1,225 393 324 4,278 744 Q Q 7,307 903 255 Q 2,851 601 Q Q 6,262 2,012 526 175 12.6 19.3 26.4 31.5 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 420 342 360 533 572 312 725 2,287 986 1,006 1,481 1,327 1,065 1,982 3,023 1,192 808 1,659 1,329 1,562 1,138 1,724 675 1,064 862 673 905 667 2,844 1,252 1,224 1,653 982 1,174 1,455 1,264 745 1,272 911 438 342 403 3,568 1,015 770 1,254 865 468 676 947 367 557 655 453 273 393 1,866 949 1,016 1,549 1,125 1,277 1,193 18.6 16.9 21.6 16.5 21.5 24.0 24.5 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 Q 715 489 790 528 528 1,185 1,557 2,133 1,788 1,958 1,514 1,523 2,399 2,404 2,116 1,033 1,238 931 1,047 1,070 1,097 1,184 1,239 1,282 2,414 2,195 1,894 949 1,852 596 2,227 902 606 471 573 1,401 1,901 1,906 1,295 518 Q 352 926 927 490 456 495 762 1,812 2,021 1,986 1,370 1,022 20.4 16.5 13.8 18.5 19.6 20.4 12,420 2,263 4,109 49,085 920 Q Q 1,946 2,101 307 554 7,173 2,327 298 439 7,649 1,174 Q 507 4,743 1,871 228 491 7,995 700 Q 295 4,304 1,039 Q 591 6,500 507 Q 259 2,804 1,782 446 775 5,972 19.9 38.3 23.8 12.1 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 2,604 2,257 295 Q 661 7,374 5,054 2,055 265 2,761 8,567 7,136 1,150 281 2,145 4,561 3,285 1,062 Q 2,008 8,032 5,456 2,262 315 2,553 4,425 3,483 847 Q 951 7,023 4,564 Q 390 1,593 2,794 2,240 448 Q 851 7,373 4,928 2,086 359 1,602 11.0 10.5 21.3 32.4 18.5 See footnotes at end of table. 48 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A5. Census Region and Division, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Census Region and Division Northeast Midwest South West Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 1.5 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.9 Number of Establishments One ................................................ 2 to 5 .............................................. 6 to 10 ............................................ 11 to 20 .......................................... More than 20 .................................. Currently Unoccupied ..................... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters ............... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .............................. Heat Pumps ................................... Individual Air Conditioners ............. District Chilled Water ...................... Central Chillers ............................... Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ............................................... Swamp Coolers .............................. Other .............................................. Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ............... Wall Insulation ................................ Storm or Multiple Glazing ............... Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass .............................................. Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ..................................... Windows that Open ........................ 47,997 7,882 2,562 2,039 4,938 2,457 2,171 447 Q Q Q Q 6,742 1,362 330 272 1,148 281 7,839 1,033 407 Q 935 298 4,428 798 Q Q 466 Q 7,329 1,081 450 600 783 343 4,275 737 Q Q Q Q 6,805 578 367 Q 277 454 2,607 621 Q Q Q Q 5,802 1,225 609 280 697 362 12.9 22.9 28.7 37.2 30.8 31.3 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 Q 500 559 2,142 583 1,979 1,555 6,018 625 1,181 1,607 7,298 495 853 642 4,578 1,159 2,094 1,444 5,889 825 847 436 3,267 999 1,474 1,227 4,916 269 508 739 2,129 1,191 1,760 2,002 4,022 27.3 23.1 20.2 11.5 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 618 1,377 655 615 1,625 4,263 2,393 1,854 1,964 3,769 2,522 2,457 934 2,549 1,303 1,783 1,228 3,137 1,823 4,398 979 1,304 917 2,175 1,166 2,041 1,357 4,053 564 859 927 1,295 1,759 2,417 1,975 2,824 21.7 15.4 16.2 15.0 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 Q 436 824 1,921 370 1,327 2,274 6,164 424 1,942 2,734 5,612 607 829 1,180 3,953 395 1,373 1,784 7,034 238 1,071 791 3,275 560 1,315 Q 4,704 201 336 752 2,356 401 1,352 1,847 5,374 28.3 20.7 17.4 11.5 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 295 570 974 406 1,868 479 Q 1,033 2,698 3,934 1,147 4,325 2,411 Q 857 3,516 3,721 976 4,234 2,053 Q 467 2,063 2,466 893 2,244 981 Q 2,218 1,742 3,482 401 2,493 3,061 Q 980 1,218 1,541 131 989 1,010 Q 433 2,011 2,619 395 Q 2,369 Q 452 1,008 1,205 342 800 548 Q 1,533 2,083 2,438 533 1,789 3,089 Q 20.6 15.7 14.1 24.8 15.6 16.8 47.2 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 588 342 1,201 Q 896 1,261 Q Q 920 944 4,605 245 1,623 4,618 Q Q 1,758 924 3,011 Q 2,041 3,930 Q Q 1,210 491 1,712 462 1,122 2,634 Q Q 1,234 2,298 2,220 252 2,161 4,708 Q Q 807 1,064 1,040 Q 754 1,781 Q Q 1,413 383 2,423 345 Q 3,570 Q Q 414 458 475 Q 650 1,347 1,156 Q 677 1,502 1,292 345 1,806 3,981 390 Q 17.9 20.5 20.6 36.7 20.6 13.5 33.1 93.0 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 2,720 2,001 2,314 1,239 1,485 1,918 7,173 4,632 5,761 2,945 4,951 5,787 7,781 5,060 6,180 3,955 5,087 5,388 5,137 3,124 3,706 2,585 3,289 2,729 8,371 5,354 3,704 3,908 5,348 4,108 3,734 2,716 2,083 1,587 2,433 2,112 6,002 4,106 2,593 3,403 4,429 2,617 3,094 2,038 1,500 1,607 1,993 1,242 6,298 4,210 1,843 4,166 5,056 3,034 11.1 12.1 14.8 15.7 13.2 14.2 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 49 Table A5. Census Region and Division, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Census Region and Division Northeast Midwest South West Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 1.5 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.9 HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System .......... Economizer Cycle .......................... HVAC Maintenance ........................ Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors .......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches .............. Other .............................................. Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............ Building Shell ................................. HVAC ............................................. Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. Energy Management Practices (more than one may apply) Energy Management and Control System ........................ Demand-Side Management Participation ................................... Energy Audit ................................... Building Energy Manager ............... Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program ................... HVAC Program .............................. Lighting Program ............................ Other DSM Programs ..................... 13,970 18,313 49,173 993 976 2,811 2,154 3,134 7,823 2,657 3,080 7,809 1,515 2,491 4,928 1,448 2,204 7,614 433 894 3,290 Q Q 5,601 710 1,197 2,725 2,197 2,256 6,572 18.9 16.9 10.6 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 852 218 252 848 814 188 2,985 409 622 1,836 2,213 428 2,266 795 468 1,752 2,719 375 1,751 Q Q 640 1,058 Q 2,328 383 305 1,782 1,593 231 1,023 Q Q 368 542 Q 898 Q 367 Q 862 163 613 216 Q 751 713 379 2,525 450 905 2,511 1,816 456 16.8 25.6 23.3 21.8 20.1 26.7 64,403 62,056 50,281 29,453 5,952 3,211 3,171 2,887 1,709 441 9,680 9,441 7,954 5,018 1,185 10,368 10,138 8,087 5,076 1,136 6,251 5,892 5,012 2,714 439 10,152 9,648 7,854 3,840 871 4,804 4,597 3,379 1,579 168 7,703 7,513 5,631 2,888 718 3,560 3,428 2,814 1,878 401 8,674 8,227 6,663 4,750 593 10.8 11.0 10.4 14.8 22.1 14,320 11,310 14,779 2,311 859 922 1,041 Q 1,615 2,513 3,095 210 2,768 2,045 2,530 340 1,591 1,234 1,413 Q 1,805 1,582 1,671 267 666 290 763 Q 2,036 729 1,376 499 831 432 537 Q 2,149 1,562 2,353 280 20.1 19.0 14.3 34.1 1,079 6,370 8,805 6,176 Q 405 832 427 Q 981 2,182 1,374 341 1,119 1,721 980 Q 869 899 839 225 1,155 1,056 1,100 Q 186 158 Q Q 436 527 456 Q 278 315 Q 153 942 1,116 828 34.3 23.3 22.3 23.5 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 50 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A6. Climate Zone, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Average Annual Heating and Cooling Degree-Days (HDD and CDD) Average Annual Heating and Cooling Degree-Days (HDD and CDD) Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 2,000 CDD and Fewer than All 4,000 Buildings HDD Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 2,000 CDD and Fewer than 4,000 HDD RSE Row Factor Building Characteristics All Buildings More than 7,000 HDD 5,500 to 7,000 HDD 4,000 to 5,499 HDD Fewer than 4,000 HDD More than 7,000 HDD 5,500 to 7,000 HDD 4,000 to 5,499 HDD Fewer than 4,000 HDD RSE Column Factor: 0.4 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.5 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... 4,806 399 1,134 1,077 1,101 1,095 67,876 5,623 18,024 16,162 15,251 12,816 10.3 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 203 93 64 20 11 3 3 Q 588 250 155 77 35 20 7 2 631 191 143 59 23 20 8 2 613 227 142 69 24 20 5 2 647 213 143 56 22 8 3 Q 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 583 703 1,072 695 819 479 981 Q 1,651 1,827 2,547 2,816 2,462 2,615 1,966 2,140 1,718 1,406 2,231 2,128 1,564 2,772 2,564 1,779 1,595 1,659 2,291 2,456 1,709 2,714 1,570 1,258 1,780 1,604 2,234 1,974 1,508 1,098 808 Q 13.6 12.1 12.5 13.9 14.1 19.1 19.5 31.4 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 9 Q Q Q 21 104 58 Q 34 Q 19 80 Q 16 50 24 71 19 25 343 179 9 58 16 59 186 18 76 51 30 60 7 28 319 138 8 75 17 117 153 14 60 105 31 58 23 36 259 183 1 54 Q 93 162 9 74 86 36 51 10 44 246 190 Q 56 Q 78 180 15 93 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 592 Q Q Q 348 1,201 711 Q 419 Q Q 923 Q 237 2,614 183 514 531 678 3,491 3,405 399 944 194 900 2,767 316 1,089 2,079 171 376 267 333 3,166 3,411 519 856 279 981 2,609 234 882 1,849 150 273 614 682 2,301 2,869 189 770 Q 977 2,904 206 1,353 1,336 177 238 198 850 2,244 1,923 Q Q Q 528 2,282 253 835 15.6 28.1 16.9 25.9 21.4 14.5 12.7 41.8 20.9 39.0 21.8 17.3 33.4 21.2 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 19 42 60 65 57 95 57 Q 88 94 232 184 159 208 136 32 43 68 158 190 177 205 197 38 Q Q 145 210 219 242 230 34 Q 39 129 230 170 231 263 21 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 223 480 694 831 842 1,531 922 Q 835 1,411 3,063 2,672 2,815 3,619 2,926 681 524 1,021 2,304 2,832 3,363 2,825 2,725 569 Q Q 1,625 2,117 2,990 3,656 3,634 736 Q 256 1,027 1,969 2,602 2,382 4,080 415 24.1 23.4 16.5 14.9 14.5 13.9 15.2 25.3 771 1,202 1,963 870 Q 277 Q Q 444 585 Q 104 264 339 396 78 Q Q 591 510 Q Q 976 119 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 Q 4,081 Q Q 6,924 9,401 Q 1,699 5,634 3,799 4,981 1,748 Q Q 8,226 7,026 Q Q 11,371 1,446 14.2 14.9 16.7 17.9 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 382 228 80 10 Q 34 Q 1,089 766 184 29 5 70 41 1,039 481 211 27 4 105 62 1,058 649 Q 13 10 88 32 1,048 541 32 16 9 41 Q 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 5,476 3,685 1,551 513 Q 481 Q 17,730 13,771 4,208 1,944 574 716 371 15,965 10,517 4,009 1,706 526 869 715 14,878 11,017 2,191 595 437 646 259 12,501 6,107 1,259 581 467 682 Q 10.2 11.0 18.2 19.7 31.9 27.5 28.6 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 51 Table A6. Climate Zone, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Average Annual Heating and Cooling Degree-Days (HDD and CDD) Average Annual Heating and Cooling Degree-Days (HDD and CDD) Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 2,000 CDD and Fewer than All 4,000 Buildings HDD Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 2,000 CDD and Fewer than 4,000 HDD RSE Row Factor Building Characteristics All Buildings More than 7,000 HDD 5,500 to 7,000 HDD 4,000 to 5,499 HDD Fewer than 4,000 HDD More than 7,000 HDD 5,500 to 7,000 HDD 4,000 to 5,499 HDD Fewer than 4,000 HDD RSE Column Factor: 0.4 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.5 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating .......................................... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ............................... Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ......................................... Siding or Shingles .......................... Metal Panels .................................. Concrete Panels ............................. Window Glass ................................ Other .............................................. Predominant Roof Material Built-Up .......................................... Shingles (Not Wood) ...................... Metal Surfacing .............................. Synthetic or Rubber ....................... Slate or Tile .................................... Concrete ......................................... Other .............................................. Floors One ................................................ Two ................................................ Three .............................................. Four to Nine ................................... Ten or More .................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 344 229 298 65 19 1,018 766 892 198 36 959 753 815 181 23 955 838 770 158 20 903 915 726 133 23 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 5,218 4,267 4,956 1,754 315 17,196 14,977 16,377 6,781 1,254 14,966 13,549 14,359 5,847 490 13,537 12,870 12,791 4,695 468 11,079 11,379 9,996 3,989 647 10.5 10.4 10.3 13.6 23.1 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 220 79 84 Q Q Q 761 210 128 13 11 10 699 200 147 9 Q 13 736 136 187 27 10 Q 699 140 200 32 13 Q 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 3,954 548 577 403 Q Q 13,796 1,141 1,183 1,020 640 244 11,456 942 2,163 1,081 318 202 10,366 619 1,685 1,627 604 Q 9,013 623 1,784 830 411 Q 10.5 18.1 17.9 22.7 30.8 38.2 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 116 110 94 40 Q Q 29 358 370 178 163 36 5 24 304 383 224 90 28 6 40 417 276 257 57 49 6 39 447 242 285 36 34 17 35 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 1,780 1,042 832 1,340 Q Q Q 7,699 3,341 1,343 4,131 538 706 265 6,191 2,723 1,831 4,012 378 399 627 7,820 2,072 2,384 1,479 566 469 462 6,767 1,392 2,628 739 361 705 225 11.1 15.0 17.1 15.6 23.4 39.5 25.2 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 195 126 54 23 Q 519 332 203 76 3 599 310 109 54 5 810 215 52 20 4 884 170 27 13 Q 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 1,504 1,888 1,023 1,070 Q 4,664 5,118 3,800 3,276 1,166 4,264 4,644 2,260 3,552 1,443 7,086 3,800 1,942 1,383 1,040 7,907 2,575 851 1,096 387 13.6 12.2 15.4 19.2 25.9 4,193 490 94 29 357 36 Q Q 987 114 27 5 936 111 27 3 954 123 18 5 959 106 16 14 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 4,568 880 Q Q 12,614 3,745 1,057 608 11,830 3,193 877 262 11,736 2,549 757 209 10,608 1,448 418 342 10.9 14.4 22.5 30.1 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 212 87 48 32 12 6 2 635 207 124 101 41 16 9 634 185 131 81 25 11 9 604 198 127 114 30 21 7 633 218 132 76 22 10 4 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 1,493 782 850 757 644 681 415 4,098 1,767 1,796 2,974 2,761 2,119 2,509 4,177 1,654 2,147 1,963 1,617 1,864 2,741 3,893 1,477 1,534 2,924 1,642 1,835 1,946 4,284 1,845 1,749 1,938 1,100 878 1,022 15.6 12.3 15.8 12.9 17.5 17.8 17.8 See footnotes at end of table. 52 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A6. Climate Zone, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Average Annual Heating and Cooling Degree-Days (HDD and CDD) Average Annual Heating and Cooling Degree-Days (HDD and CDD) Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 2,000 CDD and Fewer than All 4,000 Buildings HDD Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 2,000 CDD and Fewer than 4,000 HDD RSE Row Factor Building Characteristics All Buildings More than 7,000 HDD 5,500 to 7,000 HDD 4,000 to 5,499 HDD Fewer than 4,000 HDD More than 7,000 HDD 5,500 to 7,000 HDD 4,000 to 5,499 HDD Fewer than 4,000 HDD RSE Column Factor: 0.4 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.5 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months 0-25 Percent ................................... 26-50 Percent ................................. 51-75 Percent ................................. 76-100 Percent ............................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... Number of Establishments One ................................................ 2 to 5 .............................................. 6 to 10 ............................................ 11 to 20 .......................................... More than 20 .................................. Currently Unoccupied ..................... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 85 91 69 68 51 34 219 297 264 162 122 70 284 244 221 146 106 75 215 319 235 139 103 89 236 327 214 128 96 94 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 735 979 935 984 1,034 956 1,962 3,868 3,903 3,858 2,003 2,429 2,131 3,045 3,742 2,594 2,667 1,983 1,929 3,879 3,111 2,545 1,820 1,968 1,489 3,226 2,356 2,081 944 2,721 17.7 13.0 12.9 12.4 15.4 18.1 4,153 157 62 434 347 16 Q 31 992 52 13 76 946 30 14 87 952 27 12 111 916 33 18 129 58,566 2,939 1,140 5,231 4,906 242 Q 414 15,648 1,014 217 1,145 14,318 459 260 1,125 12,728 565 425 1,532 10,966 659 177 1,015 10.4 22.1 29.5 19.3 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 353 291 53 Q 46 1,001 812 151 39 133 962 733 187 43 114 939 686 211 42 162 951 670 216 64 144 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 4,274 3,265 856 Q 1,349 13,971 11,145 2,429 397 4,053 12,096 8,582 3,034 481 4,066 11,955 8,781 2,628 546 3,296 10,456 6,630 3,325 501 2,360 10.4 10.4 15.3 22.5 15.8 3,886 517 89 49 36 229 317 52 12 Q Q Q 916 141 13 11 6 47 873 119 20 8 10 47 908 101 24 12 7 50 871 104 21 14 11 75 47,997 7,882 2,562 2,039 4,938 2,457 4,213 541 296 Q Q Q 12,576 2,104 566 684 1,620 474 10,792 2,268 558 361 1,525 658 11,193 1,588 588 326 962 594 9,223 1,381 554 562 521 575 11.6 15.1 22.9 30.5 30.3 23.4 653 688 618 2,846 59 45 55 240 125 153 159 697 122 149 122 684 152 169 130 651 196 171 153 575 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 453 607 810 3,753 905 2,423 2,786 11,910 1,376 2,794 2,132 9,859 1,725 2,987 2,395 8,145 1,751 2,384 2,088 6,593 18.4 17.7 14.8 11.1 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 170 95 57 77 368 304 180 282 324 279 143 332 263 231 132 475 180 266 146 503 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 1,356 1,969 919 1,379 3,047 6,800 4,304 3,872 2,613 5,670 3,537 4,342 2,382 4,008 2,871 5,991 1,437 3,268 2,241 5,870 15.4 12.8 13.9 12.8 413 881 813 2,699 32 82 72 212 98 241 234 561 96 203 197 582 84 154 156 706 103 201 153 638 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 277 935 1,016 3,395 686 2,646 4,587 10,105 857 2,618 2,979 9,708 798 2,074 2,760 9,620 662 1,707 2,882 7,565 21.4 14.4 14.4 10.8 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 53 Table A6. Climate Zone, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Average Annual Heating and Cooling Degree-Days (HDD and CDD) Average Annual Heating and Cooling Degree-Days (HDD and CDD) Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 2,000 CDD and Fewer than All 4,000 Buildings HDD Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 2,000 CDD and Fewer than 4,000 HDD RSE Row Factor Building Characteristics All Buildings More than 7,000 HDD 5,500 to 7,000 HDD 4,000 to 5,499 HDD Fewer than 4,000 HDD More than 7,000 HDD 5,500 to 7,000 HDD 4,000 to 5,499 HDD Fewer than 4,000 HDD RSE Column Factor: 0.4 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.5 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters ............... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .................................. Heat Pumps ................................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................. District Chilled Water ...................... Central Chillers ............................... Packaged Air-Conditioning Units .............................................. Swamp Coolers .............................. Other .............................................. Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent .................................. Standard Fluorescent ..................... Compact Fluorescent ..................... High-Intensity Discharge ................ Other .............................................. Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ............... Wall Insulation ................................ Storm or Multiple Glazing ............... Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ............................................. Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings .................................... Windows that Open ........................ HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System .......... Economizer Cycle .......................... HVAC Maintenance ........................ 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 12 162 134 10 99 31 Q 31 525 352 28 272 125 11 127 459 331 27 156 97 Q 148 294 345 13 61 297 Q 131 251 302 15 36 319 Q 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 437 1,920 1,736 513 2,118 609 Q 1,282 5,075 6,624 1,900 7,706 3,756 277 2,459 4,763 5,781 1,692 5,136 2,987 Q 2,501 3,217 4,508 560 3,341 4,836 Q 1,590 1,935 3,730 560 2,363 3,812 Q 19.5 13.7 13.3 19.9 14.7 13.7 36.1 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 54 12 93 Q 11 90 Q Q 224 36 279 5 40 312 33 Q 198 129 257 4 29 253 Q Q 139 149 166 10 38 398 71 Q 203 128 228 9 25 405 60 Q 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 804 487 1,572 Q 843 1,779 Q Q 2,889 1,393 5,670 574 3,647 7,396 477 Q 2,037 2,425 5,140 526 2,771 6,302 Q Q 1,492 2,565 2,446 437 3,180 6,966 532 Q 1,798 1,536 3,151 467 2,550 5,386 753 Q 15.3 19.0 16.2 31.9 17.9 11.3 35.6 88.8 2,509 4,065 206 354 78 246 341 23 32 Q 634 986 68 104 14 602 898 41 64 13 511 925 39 61 34 516 915 35 93 16 39,221 62,074 8,336 17,570 1,612 3,400 5,206 888 1,807 Q 11,517 17,006 2,743 5,961 387 10,349 14,639 2,282 4,329 413 7,835 13,537 1,476 2,975 449 6,120 11,685 946 2,498 329 10.8 10.2 16.6 13.8 30.7 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 308 217 219 61 134 204 790 541 599 215 416 547 780 550 492 211 405 548 735 527 219 288 442 425 730 485 151 294 456 395 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 4,409 2,788 3,624 1,359 2,554 2,563 13,460 9,331 10,811 6,910 8,949 8,617 12,134 7,435 7,523 5,306 7,738 8,275 11,195 7,580 4,474 6,263 7,781 5,363 9,113 6,107 3,252 5,558 7,049 4,119 11.2 12.5 14.2 13.5 11.7 12.6 250 414 2,503 21 45 210 78 131 641 46 103 552 70 89 571 34 47 528 13,970 18,313 49,173 1,102 1,725 3,977 4,442 5,772 13,951 3,268 4,837 11,867 2,897 3,551 10,861 2,261 2,429 8,517 16.6 15.0 10.9 See footnotes at end of table. 54 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A6. Climate Zone, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Average Annual Heating and Cooling Degree-Days (HDD and CDD) Average Annual Heating and Cooling Degree-Days (HDD and CDD) Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 2,000 CDD and Fewer than All 4,000 Buildings HDD Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 2,000 CDD and Fewer than 4,000 HDD RSE Row Factor Building Characteristics All Buildings More than 7,000 HDD 5,500 to 7,000 HDD 4,000 to 5,499 HDD Fewer than 4,000 HDD More than 7,000 HDD 5,500 to 7,000 HDD 4,000 to 5,499 HDD Fewer than 4,000 HDD RSE Column Factor: 0.4 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.5 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors ......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches .............. Other .............................................. Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............ Building Shell ................................. HVAC ............................................. Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. Energy Management Practices (more than one may apply) Energy Management and Control System .......................................... Demand-Side Management Participation .................................. Energy Audit ................................... Building Energy Manager ........................................ Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program ................... HVAC Program .............................. Lighting Program ............................ Other DSM Programs ..................... 574 74 59 339 413 78 53 Q Q 27 47 9 160 25 17 96 133 30 123 14 9 72 89 14 124 11 21 82 75 20 114 17 7 63 69 6 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 1,406 Q Q 748 1,208 362 4,391 1,148 912 3,271 3,890 962 4,234 897 971 2,508 3,388 516 3,298 411 1,054 3,097 2,457 583 1,912 357 459 2,480 1,386 173 16.2 24.3 21.4 17.8 16.0 23.8 4,357 4,223 2,604 1,178 264 363 357 223 115 24 1,042 1,014 665 351 88 1,010 989 582 241 54 963 926 590 243 53 978 937 543 229 43 64,403 62,056 50,281 29,453 5,952 5,349 4,980 4,116 2,760 354 17,513 17,049 14,291 8,847 2,381 15,589 15,194 12,234 6,941 1,394 14,151 13,451 10,983 6,283 925 11,801 11,381 8,658 4,622 897 10.5 10.7 10.8 12.4 18.4 236 20 73 47 64 31 14,320 1,095 4,675 2,850 2,980 2,720 15.7 315 521 49 56 53 Q 94 162 10 66 91 5 69 126 15 30 89 13 11,310 14,779 2,311 1,562 1,318 Q 3,757 4,727 564 2,670 3,325 393 2,056 3,361 569 1,265 2,049 662 15.3 13.3 30.3 36 154 228 110 Q 19 50 Q 12 41 74 26 9 37 40 25 8 37 44 22 Q 19 20 16 1,079 6,370 8,805 6,176 Q 727 1,427 900 431 2,103 2,930 1,557 248 1,291 2,165 1,726 226 1,400 1,326 1,156 Q 849 957 838 32.1 18.3 18.2 20.1 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 55 Table A7. Metropolitan Status, Number of Buildings Floorspace, 1992 Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics All Buildings Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan All Buildings Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 0.8 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.9 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ........... 4,806 3,085 1,721 67,876 52,691 15,185 4.9 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 1,560 654 470 213 99 58 24 7 1,121 321 178 68 17 12 2 Q 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 4,328 4,885 7,548 7,657 6,901 7,981 7,215 6,175 2,999 2,314 2,827 2,412 1,161 1,696 674 Q 6.6 4.9 6.5 9.0 8.6 12.9 14.8 22.5 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 215 88 188 51 101 806 546 16 170 40 173 463 37 190 85 42 72 12 53 466 203 Q 108 20 193 299 32 129 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 6,578 554 1,115 1,340 2,291 9,656 11,146 1,627 2,702 592 2,391 8,456 916 3,327 1,892 203 376 422 600 2,746 1,172 Q Q 228 1,356 3,028 214 1,069 9.6 18.8 11.4 18.7 13.9 8.1 7.8 33.4 12.7 26.2 13.5 10.1 20.2 12.0 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 82 138 478 593 524 618 580 73 87 117 246 287 260 364 304 55 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 994 2,545 6,710 7,836 10,268 11,128 11,095 2,115 726 1,063 2,002 2,585 2,344 2,886 3,192 387 15.0 15.4 10.4 9.0 9.1 7.1 9.8 15.8 771 1,202 1,963 870 605 647 1,146 687 166 555 817 183 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 11,710 12,654 17,159 11,168 1,690 4,626 7,419 1,451 10.0 8.7 8.0 12.8 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 2,981 1,819 341 77 23 151 64 1,635 846 217 18 5 186 99 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 51,781 36,933 11,012 4,792 1,774 2,112 971 14,768 8,164 2,206 546 Q 1,281 580 4.9 6.1 10.8 15.9 23.4 15.6 18.0 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 2,719 2,348 2,374 493 92 1,459 1,154 1,128 241 29 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 48,889 45,722 46,707 18,382 2,792 13,107 11,319 11,772 4,683 382 5.0 5.4 5.3 8.6 17.9 See footnotes at end of table. 56 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A7. Metropolitan Status, Number of Buildings Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics All Buildings Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan All Buildings Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 0.8 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.9 Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD ................. 5,500-7,000 HDD ........................ 4,000-5,499 HDD ........................ Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............... More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............... Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ........................................... Siding or Shingles ............................ Metal Panels .................................... Concrete Panels .............................. Window Glass .................................. Other ................................................ Predominant Roof Material Built-Up ............................................ Shingles (Not Wood) ........................ Metal Surfacing ................................ Synthetic or Rubber ......................... Slate or Tile ...................................... Concrete .......................................... Other ................................................ Floors One .................................................. Two .................................................. Three ............................................... Four to Nine ..................................... Ten or More ..................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ........................................ 26 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 75 ............................................ 76 to 100 .......................................... Building Shape Square ............................................. Rectangle ......................................... Rectangle or Square with Courtyard ......................................... Right Angle ...................................... Other ................................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... 399 1,134 1,077 1,101 1,095 159 785 580 793 767 240 348 497 Q 328 5,623 18,024 16,162 15,251 12,816 3,098 14,765 12,578 12,585 9,666 2,525 3,259 3,584 Q 3,151 17.7 13.2 15.9 15.8 15.3 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 2,126 425 393 86 35 20 990 339 352 Q Q Q 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 38,188 2,342 4,614 4,843 1,877 827 10,397 1,531 2,778 Q Q Q 5.5 8.5 10.6 16.7 21.9 28.6 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 1,176 843 530 262 132 35 106 466 538 507 123 23 Q 61 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 24,318 7,576 5,318 9,850 1,747 2,539 1,344 5,940 2,994 3,701 1,852 252 Q 442 6.8 7.3 8.8 9.2 17.4 30.4 18.1 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 1,875 751 305 142 13 1,132 403 141 45 Q 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 17,637 14,320 7,949 8,648 4,138 7,788 3,705 1,928 1,730 Q 7.4 5.9 9.1 13.4 19.6 4,193 490 94 29 2,626 357 77 25 1,567 133 17 Q 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 38,226 10,039 2,997 1,429 13,130 1,776 209 Q 5.3 7.6 17.5 24.3 280 3,659 48 333 485 216 2,311 37 215 306 65 1,349 Q 118 179 3,654 39,233 1,372 6,071 17,547 3,172 30,086 1,244 4,798 13,392 482 9,147 Q 1,273 4,155 10.2 5.1 23.6 8.7 10.2 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 1,546 616 405 318 111 60 29 1,172 280 157 86 19 5 2 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 11,288 5,160 5,841 8,641 6,736 6,908 8,117 6,656 2,365 2,236 1,916 1,028 469 516 8.1 6.7 9.5 8.2 12.1 13.2 13.5 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 519 833 681 465 326 260 520 445 323 179 152 102 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 5,409 11,050 11,122 10,525 6,984 7,601 2,838 3,948 2,924 1,537 1,483 2,456 8.8 7.0 6.9 7.4 9.8 12.8 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 57 Table A7. Metropolitan Status, Number of Buildings Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics All Buildings Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan All Buildings Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 0.8 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.9 Additional Operating Hours for Equipment Use Heating and/or Cooling .................... Lighting ............................................ Heating and/or Cooling and Lighting ............................................ No Additional Hours ......................... Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months 1-50 Percent .................................... 51-99 Percent .................................. 100 Percent ..................................... None ................................................ Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................... Owner Occupied ............................ Nonowner Occupied ...................... Unoccupied .................................... Government Owned ......................... Number of Establishments One .................................................. 2 to 5 ................................................ 6 to 10 .............................................. 11 to 20 ............................................ More than 20 .................................... Currently Unoccupied ...................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ......... Computer Room .............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ....... Activity with Large Amounts of Hot Water ..................................... Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility ............. with Central Physical Plant ............ No Central Physical Plant .............. Not on Multibuilding Facility ............. Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent Lit when Open Not Lit .............................................. 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... 1,223 633 371 3,320 721 418 251 2,197 501 216 120 1,124 20,300 12,886 8,717 43,407 15,889 10,722 7,401 33,482 4,411 2,165 1,316 9,925 8.3 9.9 13.7 6.8 362 97 398 3,948 261 59 250 2,515 100 39 148 1,433 12,420 2,263 4,109 49,085 10,890 1,906 3,138 36,757 1,530 356 970 12,328 9.1 18.5 11.3 5.4 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 2,710 2,018 567 125 374 1,496 1,174 250 72 225 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 41,030 29,771 9,649 1,610 11,661 11,722 8,632 2,624 467 3,463 5.0 4.6 10.9 14.5 9.1 3,886 517 89 49 36 229 2,451 356 67 40 27 144 1,435 161 22 Q Q 84 47,997 7,882 2,562 2,039 4,938 2,457 35,446 6,671 2,126 1,833 4,717 1,899 12,552 1,210 437 Q Q 559 5.8 8.3 14.8 21.3 21.0 14.7 735 223 236 203 493 176 162 151 242 47 74 53 22,166 14,199 8,042 6,862 18,379 12,738 6,569 5,900 3,788 1,461 1,473 962 7.8 10.9 10.2 10.4 1,667 223 1,444 3,139 1,093 163 930 1,992 574 60 514 1,147 31,564 8,395 23,170 36,312 24,643 7,175 17,468 28,048 6,921 1,220 5,702 8,264 7.6 13.9 8.2 4.8 653 688 618 2,846 387 431 400 1,867 266 257 218 980 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 4,097 9,087 8,290 31,217 2,114 2,108 1,920 9,043 11.6 8.8 8.3 5.6 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 737 773 453 1,122 567 403 205 546 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 6,969 17,363 11,888 16,471 3,866 4,352 1,984 4,983 8.2 6.4 8.3 7.7 413 881 813 2,699 222 522 544 1,797 191 359 269 902 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 2,332 6,707 10,559 33,093 947 3,273 3,664 7,300 12.6 8.1 8.8 5.8 See footnotes at end of table. 58 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A7. Metropolitan Status, Number of Buildings Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics All Buildings Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan All Buildings Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 0.8 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.9 Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ..................................... Furnaces .......................................... Individual Space Heaters ................. District Heat ..................................... Boilers .............................................. Packaged Heating Units .................. Other ................................................ Heating Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Radiators or Baseboards ................. Ducts for Heating ............................. Heating Only ............................... Heating and Cooling ................... Variable Air-Volume System ........................................ Fan Coil Units for Heating ................ Heating Only ............................... Heating and Cooling ................... Individual Space Heaters ................. Other ................................................ Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners ..................................... Heat Pumps ..................................... Individual Air Conditioners ............... District Chilled Water ....................... Central Chillers ................................ Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ................................................. Swamp Coolers ............................... Other ................................................ Cooling Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Ducts for Cooling ............................. Cooling Only ............................... Heating and Cooling ................... Variable Air-Volume System ........................................ Fan Coil Units for Cooling ................ Cooling Only ............................... Heating and Cooling ................... Individual Air Conditioners ............... Other ................................................ Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent ................................... Standard Fluorescent ...................... Compact Fluorescent ....................... High Intensity Discharge .................. Other ................................................ 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 306 1,030 843 76 449 672 31 143 662 622 18 175 198 Q 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 6,622 12,739 17,795 4,699 16,091 14,096 823 1,647 4,170 4,584 525 4,573 1,903 Q 10.4 6.5 6.6 16.3 8.3 10.4 26.8 473 2,955 577 2,378 210 99 78 21 1,464 181 331 2,008 377 1,631 164 58 42 17 843 104 142 947 200 747 46 40 36 4 622 77 13,263 45,422 5,950 39,472 11,528 5,474 3,569 1,906 22,380 3,310 10,461 36,572 4,811 31,760 9,287 4,462 2,845 1,617 17,795 2,527 2,802 8,851 1,139 7,712 2,240 1,013 724 289 4,584 783 8.2 5.3 10.1 5.7 13.1 13.0 15.9 22.1 6.6 15.1 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 485 306 656 23 116 1,078 131 Q 331 147 367 5 26 381 Q Q 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 6,565 6,641 13,511 1,774 10,886 24,003 1,781 Q 2,456 1,765 4,468 Q Q 3,827 Q Q 9.1 10.1 8.9 23.4 12.4 7.2 25.7 54.0 2,733 355 2,378 221 56 35 21 1,023 111 1,869 238 1,631 179 44 28 17 656 80 864 117 747 42 12 Q 4 367 31 47,755 8,283 39,472 12,430 3,875 1,969 1,906 17,979 2,919 38,663 6,902 31,760 10,197 3,414 1,797 1,617 13,511 2,390 9,092 1,381 7,712 2,233 Q Q 289 4,468 529 5.7 10.3 5.7 12.7 20.0 28.2 22.1 8.9 21.2 2,509 4,065 206 354 78 1,582 2,688 155 259 62 927 1,377 51 95 Q 39,221 62,074 8,336 17,570 1,612 30,999 49,246 7,626 15,147 1,404 8,221 12,827 710 2,422 Q 5.6 4.9 12.0 8.6 23.1 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 59 Table A7. Metropolitan Status, Number of Buildings Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics All Buildings Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan All Buildings Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 0.8 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.9 Personal Computers and/or Computer Terminals 1 to 4 ................................................ 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ................. Wall Insulation ................................. Storm or Multiple Glazing ................ Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ................................................ Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ....................................... Windows that Open ......................... HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System ............ Economizer Cycle ............................ HVAC Maintenance ......................... Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ......................... Natural Lighting-Control Sensors ............................................ Occupancy Sensors ......................... Time Clock ....................................... Manual Dimmer Switches ................ Other ................................................ Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............. Building Shell ................................... HVAC ............................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ Energy Management Practices (more than one may apply) Energy Management and Control System ......................... Demand-Side Management Participation ..................................... Energy Audit .................................... HVAC Maintenance ......................... Building Energy Manager ................ 1,269 336 216 164 59 34 19 843 264 166 132 51 31 17 426 73 50 32 8 2 Q 13,355 5,970 6,236 7,439 4,908 4,220 5,569 9,512 5,271 5,383 6,335 4,319 3,791 5,322 3,843 699 854 1,104 589 429 Q 5.7 8.6 12.0 12.4 12.5 15.7 17.9 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 2,133 1,434 1,009 766 1,275 1,288 1,211 886 671 302 578 831 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 38,909 25,260 22,088 21,097 27,056 21,326 11,402 7,980 7,596 4,300 7,016 7,611 5.3 6.2 7.3 8.7 6.7 6.4 250 414 2,503 200 297 1,810 50 117 693 13,970 18,313 49,173 11,618 15,338 40,338 2,352 2,975 8,835 12.1 10.9 5.8 574 74 59 339 413 78 434 61 55 268 298 60 140 Q Q 70 115 18 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 13,063 2,893 3,532 10,086 10,749 2,235 2,178 Q Q Q 1,580 361 10.3 15.7 13.2 12.1 9.7 17.4 4,357 4,223 2,604 1,178 264 2,839 2,723 1,869 876 188 1,518 1,500 734 302 76 64,403 62,056 50,281 29,453 5,952 50,638 48,436 41,101 24,591 4,713 13,765 13,620 9,179 4,862 1,239 5.2 5.3 5.6 8.1 11.3 236 315 521 2,503 49 188 220 376 1,810 38 48 95 146 693 Q 14,320 11,310 14,779 49,173 2,311 12,085 9,665 12,870 40,338 2,140 2,235 1,645 1,909 8,835 Q 12.0 10.0 8.2 5.8 20.5 See footnotes at end of table. 60 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A7. Metropolitan Status, Number of Buildings Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics All Buildings Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan All Buildings Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 0.8 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.9 Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program .................... HVAC Program ................................ Lighting Program ............................. Other DSM Programs ...................... 36 154 228 110 25 99 163 75 Q 54 64 35 1,079 6,370 8,805 6,176 943 5,280 7,621 5,447 Q 1,090 1,184 729 22.4 11.5 12.4 15.3 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 61 Table A8. Building Size, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Buildings by Size Building Characteristics All Buildings 1,001 to 5,000 Square Feet 5,001 to 10,000 Square Feet 10,001 to 25,000 Square Feet 25,001 to 50,000 Square Feet 50,001 to 100,000 Square Feet 100,001 to 200,000 Square Feet 200,001 to 500,000 Square Feet Over 500,000 Square Feet RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 2.2 All Buildings ..................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ........... Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ........................................... Siding or Shingles ............................ Metal Panels .................................... Concrete Panels .............................. Window Glass .................................. Other ................................................ 4,806 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 6.9 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 112 103 179 39 56 807 387 Q 137 30 202 402 39 177 43 Q 51 Q 39 265 168 Q 62 Q 81 149 Q 64 57 Q 21 Q 26 127 102 Q 53 Q 58 129 6 42 40 Q Q Q 21 40 51 Q 16 Q 18 43 Q 23 30 Q Q Q 7 18 20 Q 6 Q Q 17 Q 7 12 Q Q 3 3 10 14 Q Q Q Q 15 Q 4 6 Q Q 2 1 2 5 2 1 Q Q 4 Q 1 Q Q Q (*) Q 2 2 Q Q Q Q 1 Q Q 16.0 23.1 18.7 18.9 25.0 13.9 12.6 34.1 19.7 38.1 19.5 16.1 34.7 20.8 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 80 128 415 511 435 558 487 68 52 71 151 174 135 201 167 24 22 30 97 111 118 116 134 19 12 15 36 50 50 62 46 9 Q 5 14 18 23 25 25 4 Q Q 9 11 17 12 16 2 Q Q 2 3 5 6 5 2 Q Q 1 (*) 1 2 Q (*) 26.1 22.7 17.2 15.1 14.0 12.2 12.4 21.2 771 1,202 1,963 870 383 676 1,171 451 180 241 370 184 109 163 239 136 54 66 106 56 25 29 41 20 12 15 26 18 5 10 6 5 2 2 4 1 13.3 12.1 11.8 15.3 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 2,539 1,331 288 18 Q 218 99 954 574 125 11 Q 62 41 628 420 62 28 8 32 Q 275 181 39 16 9 15 Q 114 83 21 10 Q 6 Q 70 52 11 6 2 3 Q 25 18 10 5 2 Q Q 9 6 4 1 1 Q Q 6.9 7.7 13.0 23.0 28.1 23.1 23.3 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 2,247 1,792 1,733 320 32 883 758 787 137 32 585 519 539 114 32 255 236 240 70 11 110 103 108 44 9 64 59 62 29 3 24 24 25 15 1 9 9 9 6 1 6.9 7.0 7.2 11.2 24.6 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 1,573 595 457 Q Q Q 675 105 155 14 Q Q 488 48 85 20 Q Q 211 13 31 16 8 Q 94 Q 6 11 Q Q 48 Q 8 8 2 Q 19 Q 1 4 1 Q 7 Q 1 1 1 Q 7.6 16.8 19.5 21.5 24.8 40.1 See footnotes at end of table. 62 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A8. Building Size, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Buildings by Size Building Characteristics All Buildings 1,001 to 5,000 Square Feet 5,001 to 10,000 Square Feet 10,001 to 25,000 Square Feet 25,001 to 50,000 Square Feet 50,001 to 100,000 Square Feet 100,001 to 200,000 Square Feet 200,001 to 500,000 Square Feet Over 500,000 Square Feet RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 2.2 Predominant Roof Material Built-Up ............................................ Shingles (Not Wood) ........................ Metal Surfacing ................................ Synthetic or Rubber ......................... Slate or Tile ...................................... Concrete .......................................... Other ................................................ Floors One .................................................. Two .................................................. Three ............................................... Four to Nine ..................................... Ten or More ..................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ........................................ 26 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 75 ............................................ 76 to 100 .......................................... Building Shape Square ............................................. Rectangle ......................................... Rectangle or Square with Courtyard ......................................... Right Angle ...................................... Other ................................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................... Owner Occupied ............................ Nonowner Occupied ...................... Unoccupied .................................... Government Owned ......................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ......... Computer Room .............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ....... Activity with Large Amounts of Hot Water ..................................... 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 772 927 648 140 75 Q 108 369 250 209 79 38 Q 29 265 137 122 75 25 Q 15 124 49 39 39 12 Q 11 55 11 11 30 4 Q Q 41 5 8 11 Q 3 Q 12 1 Q 10 Q 2 Q 5 Q Q 2 Q 1 Q 9.7 14.4 15.6 13.6 25.8 27.4 28.8 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 2,009 518 133 Q Q 525 282 121 47 Q 310 211 100 26 Q 103 81 54 42 Q 36 35 22 21 Q 18 20 11 18 4 5 4 4 10 4 Q 2 1 1 3 10.7 10.5 13.8 17.3 17.5 4,193 490 94 29 2,433 201 40 Q 848 108 Q Q 554 75 12 Q 202 61 12 Q 80 24 9 Q 52 13 4 2 18 5 2 1 6 2 (*) 1 8.0 13.0 19.4 28.7 280 3,659 48 333 485 167 2,223 Q 127 152 64 713 Q 90 93 27 452 Q 54 105 12 165 Q 41 58 6 54 6 12 38 3 37 Q 7 22 2 11 Q 1 11 Q Q 1 3 21.6 8.1 38.5 17.1 13.8 5 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 1,968 514 160 34 Q Q Q 460 218 195 94 Q Q Q 204 115 144 153 25 Q Q 60 37 43 84 41 13 Q 12 8 10 28 32 18 7 8 3 7 10 16 18 9 3 Q Q 2 3 7 9 Q Q Q Q Q 1 4 13.2 14.2 15.7 14.4 14.5 15.0 12.4 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 688 687 519 324 281 182 188 293 216 146 69 62 107 183 156 87 64 50 37 70 71 41 31 31 14 25 20 24 17 15 Q 16 17 16 10 9 2 4 4 4 5 8 Q (*) 1 2 1 Q 15.9 11.2 12.1 12.4 15.4 15.3 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 2,423 1,859 437 127 258 861 660 167 34 114 540 396 126 18 108 228 169 47 12 53 82 57 22 Q 34 50 38 11 Q 21 16 11 5 Q 10 7 4 Q Q 2 7.6 8.2 12.6 25.9 12.3 735 223 236 203 323 37 80 74 136 31 52 29 114 46 44 47 70 41 25 26 44 31 17 12 29 24 11 9 15 10 6 6 5 4 2 1 10.2 14.5 15.7 17.9 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 63 Table A8. Building Size, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Buildings by Size Building Characteristics All Buildings 1,001 to 5,000 Square Feet 5,001 to 10,000 Square Feet 10,001 to 25,000 Square Feet 25,001 to 50,000 Square Feet 50,001 to 100,000 Square Feet 100,001 to 200,000 Square Feet 200,001 to 500,000 Square Feet Over 500,000 Square Feet RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 2.2 Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent Lit when Open Not Lit .............................................. 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ..................................... Furnaces .......................................... Individual Space Heaters ................. District Heat ..................................... Boilers .............................................. Packaged Heating Units .................. Other ................................................ Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners ............................... Heat Pumps ..................................... Individual Air Conditioners ............... District Chilled Water ....................... Central Chillers ................................ Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ................................................. Swamp Coolers ............................... Other ................................................ Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent ................................... Standard Fluorescent ...................... Compact Fluorescent ....................... High-Intensity Discharge .................. Other ................................................ Personal Computers and/or Computer Terminals 1 to 4 ................................................ 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... 653 688 618 2,846 448 340 294 1,600 99 156 152 568 64 116 96 371 27 46 40 167 6 13 19 77 7 10 11 43 2 4 4 16 Q 2 1 5 20.3 14.2 13.2 8.5 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 889 507 299 987 216 279 152 327 128 215 108 196 44 103 46 87 12 38 27 39 12 21 16 22 2 9 8 7 Q 4 2 Q 15.0 10.1 12.4 10.5 413 881 813 2,699 287 489 387 1,518 64 180 189 541 36 144 128 339 18 41 63 158 5 14 24 73 Q 11 13 46 Q 2 5 19 Q Q Q 4 21.7 14.4 11.1 7.9 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 198 1,002 812 18 165 396 28 121 387 287 11 145 190 Q 71 193 210 28 135 162 Q 30 72 84 15 91 62 Q 13 20 38 9 43 36 Q 10 14 21 6 28 16 Q 4 4 9 5 12 6 Q 2 1 4 1 4 3 Q 15.8 11.8 10.0 23.3 11.7 12.2 42.4 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 470 202 536 Q Q 625 110 Q 173 120 198 Q 20 347 33 Q 107 71 155 8 21 264 21 Q 44 31 73 9 29 119 8 Q 12 15 34 Q 24 58 Q Q 7 11 16 2 20 30 Q Q 3 3 7 2 9 12 Q Q 1 2 5 1 5 4 Q Q 15.1 15.6 11.7 28.1 16.9 9.8 37.5 89.2 2,509 4,065 206 354 78 1,342 2,145 68 95 37 523 866 50 61 Q 347 591 31 66 16 167 257 24 56 Q 66 110 16 35 Q 43 64 10 22 Q 17 25 6 14 Q 5 9 2 5 Q 7.9 6.8 15.1 12.1 30.7 1,269 336 216 164 59 34 19 651 106 24 Q Q Q Q 311 111 56 14 Q Q Q 204 67 70 63 8 Q Q 77 26 44 35 16 7 Q 15 16 13 27 16 9 4 9 8 7 9 11 9 4 3 2 2 4 4 4 6 Q Q Q Q Q 1 3 11.8 16.7 18.4 17.7 18.3 17.5 18.3 See footnotes at end of table. 64 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A8. Building Size, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Buildings by Size Building Characteristics All Buildings 1,001 to 5,000 Square Feet 5,001 to 10,000 Square Feet 10,001 to 25,000 Square Feet 25,001 to 50,000 Square Feet 50,001 to 100,000 Square Feet 100,001 to 200,000 Square Feet 200,001 to 500,000 Square Feet Over 500,000 Square Feet RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 2.2 Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ................. Wall Insulation ................................. Storm or Multiple Glazing ................ Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ................................................ Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ....................................... Windows that Open ......................... HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System ............ Economizer Cycle ............................ HVAC Maintenance ......................... Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ......................... Natural Lighting Control Sensors ............................................ Occupancy Sensors ......................... Time Clock ....................................... Manual Dimmer Switches ................ Other ................................................ Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............. Building Shell ................................... HVAC ............................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program .................... HVAC Program ................................ Lighting Program ............................. Other DSM Programs ...................... 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 1,777 1,279 800 445 901 1,181 708 472 390 238 392 425 475 322 263 199 288 296 212 137 123 90 137 120 93 57 56 48 75 54 52 35 29 29 37 30 19 13 13 13 17 11 7 5 5 6 5 3 7.6 9.3 10.0 10.2 9.5 9.4 250 414 2,503 67 111 1,143 45 84 542 45 94 429 35 47 205 24 35 97 17 26 55 11 12 22 5 6 9 14.8 13.0 7.8 574 74 59 339 413 78 212 Q Q 114 147 23 127 21 Q 80 101 Q 124 11 10 66 88 21 55 9 7 35 36 8 26 4 2 20 18 6 18 2 7 13 13 5 8 3 3 7 8 1 3 1 1 5 3 (*) 12.4 25.2 21.4 15.9 12.7 24.2 4,357 4,223 2,604 1,178 264 2,376 2,305 1,194 452 102 887 864 569 275 62 610 587 447 241 50 268 259 208 106 25 113 111 98 47 14 68 66 57 36 8 25 23 23 14 2 9 9 9 7 1 7.0 7.1 7.6 9.7 17.5 36 154 228 110 Q 46 75 37 Q 30 47 Q Q 36 46 20 Q 14 25 11 Q 12 16 10 Q 9 9 8 1 5 8 5 (*) 2 2 2 25.0 18.1 16.3 19.2 (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 65 Table A9. Building Size, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Building Size Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings 1,001 to 5,000 Square Feet 5,001 to 10,000 Square Feet 10,001 to 25,000 Square Feet 25,001 to 50,000 Square Feet 50,001 to 100,000 Square Feet 100,001 to 200,000 Square Feet 200,001 to 500,000 Square Feet Over 500,000 Square Feet RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.4 2.0 All Buildings ..................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ........... Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ........................................... Siding or Shingles ............................ Metal Panels .................................... Concrete Panels .............................. Window Glass .................................. Other ................................................ 67,876 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 6.8 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 292 286 485 108 159 2,203 1,018 Q 438 91 564 1,089 99 473 307 Q 343 Q 294 1,987 1,248 Q 494 Q 562 1,106 Q 459 997 Q 325 Q 412 2,003 1,656 Q 822 Q 920 2,066 110 635 1,551 Q Q Q 711 1,369 1,823 Q 615 Q 663 1,631 Q 768 2,045 Q Q Q 420 1,268 1,355 Q 378 Q Q 1,250 Q 503 1,641 Q Q 401 378 1,364 1,973 Q Q Q Q 2,124 Q 464 1,621 Q Q 504 380 646 1,708 694 418 Q Q 1,075 Q 357 Q Q Q 381 Q 1,560 1,537 Q Q Q Q 1,144 Q Q 15.6 24.1 19.5 18.6 25.1 15.0 12.6 35.4 24.2 38.3 19.6 16.5 32.4 21.9 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 251 336 1,150 1,352 1,167 1,536 1,339 197 397 523 1,106 1,255 986 1,505 1,251 176 297 503 1,507 1,775 1,892 1,902 2,189 309 431 522 1,267 1,792 1,856 2,216 1,658 327 Q 319 927 1,236 1,625 1,776 1,717 268 Q Q 1,227 1,520 2,306 1,673 2,070 269 Q Q 707 1,011 1,444 1,988 1,526 670 Q Q Q Q 1,335 1,418 2,536 285 28.4 25.1 17.2 14.7 14.8 12.2 13.8 20.7 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 1,074 1,889 3,155 1,208 1,337 1,763 2,723 1,376 1,663 2,689 3,782 2,241 1,976 2,353 3,696 2,043 1,752 2,097 2,842 1,371 1,598 2,048 3,720 2,311 1,696 2,839 1,968 1,386 2,303 1,601 2,691 683 13.4 11.9 12.0 14.2 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 6,996 3,761 829 56 Q 573 250 7,057 4,266 925 73 Q 466 311 10,097 6,865 978 450 115 456 Q 9,856 6,510 1,377 545 311 501 Q 7,936 5,735 1,539 653 Q 411 Q 9,658 7,134 1,573 780 252 500 Q 7,678 5,648 3,017 1,532 737 Q Q 7,271 5,177 2,980 1,250 515 Q Q 6.8 7.6 12.5 22.1 26.0 22.6 27.0 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 6,210 4,994 4,928 903 97 6,533 5,601 5,834 998 245 9,424 8,364 8,724 1,852 495 9,132 8,435 8,637 2,627 382 7,622 7,185 7,489 3,110 618 8,730 8,072 8,492 4,062 442 7,470 7,217 7,466 4,639 257 6,876 7,174 6,910 4,874 637 6.8 7.0 7.1 11.1 24.7 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 4,401 1,536 1,255 Q Q Q 5,001 730 1,158 108 Q Q 7,867 750 1,345 325 Q Q 7,545 469 1,120 576 283 Q 6,552 Q 426 736 Q Q 6,649 Q 1,158 1,033 286 Q 5,666 Q 366 1,282 377 Q 4,905 Q 565 Q 726 Q 7.6 16.1 20.0 21.9 24.2 41.3 See footnotes at end of table. 66 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A9. Building Size, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Building Size Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings 1,001 to 5,000 Square Feet 5,001 to 10,000 Square Feet 10,001 to 25,000 Square Feet 25,001 to 50,000 Square Feet 50,001 to 100,000 Square Feet 100,001 to 200,000 Square Feet 200,001 to 500,000 Square Feet Over 500,000 Square Feet RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.4 2.0 Predominant Roof Material Built-Up ............................................ Shingles (Not Wood) ........................ Metal Surfacing ................................ Synthetic or Rubber ......................... Slate or Tile ...................................... Concrete .......................................... Other ................................................ Floors One .................................................. Two .................................................. Three ............................................... Four to Nine ..................................... Ten or More ..................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ........................................ 26 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 75 ............................................ 76 to 100 .......................................... Building Shape Square ............................................. Rectangle ......................................... Rectangle or Square with Courtyard ......................................... Right Angle ...................................... Other ................................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................... Owner Occupied ............................ Nonowner Occupied ...................... Unoccupied .................................... Government Owned ......................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ......... Computer Room .............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ....... Activity with Large Amounts of Hot Water ..................................... 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 2,170 2,463 1,776 391 215 Q 284 2,752 1,791 1,569 592 275 Q 203 4,357 2,149 1,899 1,258 357 Q 234 4,407 1,797 1,391 1,451 445 Q 379 3,873 777 781 2,013 275 Q Q 5,456 648 1,082 1,557 Q 499 Q 3,446 466 Q 2,912 Q 486 Q 3,796 Q Q 1,528 Q 1,001 Q 9.9 15.1 15.9 14.3 26.7 26.5 28.1 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 5,331 1,508 412 Q Q 3,834 2,121 898 345 Q 4,916 3,434 1,630 391 Q 3,634 2,913 1,960 1,538 Q 2,484 2,421 1,562 1,491 Q 2,409 2,617 1,567 2,486 598 1,315 1,252 1,125 2,916 1,281 Q 1,759 723 1,134 2,159 10.9 10.9 13.7 17.1 17.1 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 6,618 575 106 Q 6,253 819 Q Q 8,865 1,194 208 Q 7,211 2,204 449 Q 5,572 1,711 603 Q 7,073 1,847 548 210 5,307 1,556 776 249 4,456 1,909 414 498 8.0 13.2 19.4 27.8 3,654 39,233 1,372 6,071 17,547 429 6,069 Q 360 435 487 5,247 Q 659 702 393 7,204 Q 899 1,741 416 5,853 Q 1,501 2,140 443 3,831 382 836 2,571 425 4,977 Q 926 3,080 554 3,235 Q 407 3,480 507 2,818 Q Q 3,399 21.1 8.3 33.2 17.8 13.7 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 5,095 1,554 537 120 Q Q Q 3,329 1,612 1,446 757 Q Q Q 3,053 1,801 2,323 2,608 450 Q Q 2,107 1,348 1,538 3,049 1,445 517 Q 910 595 643 1,899 2,151 1,303 561 1,044 444 922 1,367 2,122 2,550 1,229 1,020 Q Q 628 850 2,139 2,812 Q Q Q Q Q 744 3,951 14.3 14.6 16.5 14.7 14.7 15.9 12.7 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 1,797 1,904 1,430 926 772 498 1,341 2,186 1,610 1,098 492 472 1,592 2,994 2,549 1,408 1,022 810 1,309 2,553 2,536 1,443 1,151 1,077 1,007 1,698 1,440 1,769 1,132 1,015 Q 2,254 2,278 2,152 1,390 1,371 418 1,178 1,188 1,238 1,480 2,387 Q 230 1,016 2,028 1,027 2,427 16.1 11.3 12.1 13.2 16.3 16.9 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 6,638 5,119 1,172 347 689 6,351 4,861 1,251 239 848 8,640 6,343 2,017 279 1,735 8,116 6,054 1,645 418 1,953 5,821 4,026 1,516 Q 2,241 6,820 5,178 1,527 Q 2,858 4,957 3,484 1,252 Q 2,932 5,409 3,337 Q Q 1,869 7.6 8.1 13.4 27.3 12.2 22,166 14,199 8,042 6,862 911 118 241 194 994 231 394 223 1,848 756 742 796 2,627 1,534 851 1,002 3,110 2,127 1,095 815 4,062 3,217 1,628 1,245 4,639 3,096 1,839 1,706 3,975 3,119 1,250 880 10.2 14.2 15.4 18.3 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 67 Table A9. Building Size, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Building Size Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings 1,001 to 5,000 Square Feet 5,001 to 10,000 Square Feet 10,001 to 25,000 Square Feet 25,001 to 50,000 Square Feet 50,001 to 100,000 Square Feet 100,001 to 200,000 Square Feet 200,001 to 500,000 Square Feet Over 500,000 Square Feet RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.4 2.0 Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent Lit when Open Not Lit .............................................. 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ..................................... Furnaces .......................................... Individual Space Heaters ................. District Heat ..................................... Boilers .............................................. Packaged Heating Units .................. Other ................................................ Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners ............................... Heat Pumps ..................................... Individual Air Conditioners ............... District Chilled Water ....................... Central Chillers ................................ Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ................................................. Swamp Coolers ............................... Other ................................................ Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent ................................... Standard Fluorescent ...................... Compact Fluorescent ....................... High-Intensity Discharge .................. Other ................................................ Personal Computers and/or Computer Terminals 1 to 4 ................................................ 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 1,150 1,014 844 4,319 724 1,182 1,115 4,178 979 1,801 1,546 6,050 995 1,665 1,415 5,995 473 937 1,289 5,364 983 1,395 1,590 5,710 425 1,148 1,168 5,148 Q 2,054 1,245 3,497 21.4 14.6 13.4 8.4 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 2,332 1,531 830 2,633 1,598 2,091 1,136 2,374 2,012 3,398 1,753 3,213 1,635 3,696 1,652 3,087 878 2,703 1,785 2,697 1,606 2,932 2,247 2,893 672 2,705 2,371 2,141 Q 2,660 2,098 2,416 15.6 10.5 12.7 11.6 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 724 1,405 1,076 4,122 458 1,318 1,405 4,018 529 2,235 2,092 5,520 613 1,500 2,300 5,656 341 1,017 1,605 5,099 Q 1,501 1,816 6,296 Q 557 1,363 5,743 Q Q 2,568 3,939 22.1 15.2 12.7 8.1 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 542 2,780 2,291 56 511 1,116 74 899 2,816 2,153 73 1,100 1,415 Q 1,159 3,131 3,305 443 2,210 2,667 Q 1,119 2,559 2,942 516 3,351 2,168 Q 932 1,352 2,681 624 3,037 2,509 Q 1,433 1,860 2,793 777 3,879 2,126 Q 1,012 1,075 2,934 1,521 3,477 1,603 Q 1,172 1,337 3,281 1,215 3,098 2,396 Q 15.9 11.9 10.1 22.5 11.7 12.3 36.5 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 1,313 549 1,516 Q Q 1,750 316 Q 1,268 902 1,470 Q 157 2,550 250 Q 1,716 1,152 2,370 115 357 4,319 331 Q 1,528 1,181 2,604 311 1,088 4,245 304 Q 810 1,032 2,390 Q 1,651 4,040 Q Q 913 1,511 2,167 252 2,752 4,172 Q Q 851 889 2,082 737 3,072 3,678 Q Q 622 1,191 3,381 515 3,869 3,075 Q Q 14.3 15.7 12.0 26.0 16.6 9.6 35.8 69.2 39,221 62,074 8,336 17,570 1,612 3,763 5,927 195 289 113 3,835 6,422 380 487 Q 5,550 9,562 507 1,123 227 6,045 9,191 925 2,089 Q 4,604 7,594 1,185 2,447 Q 5,898 8,740 1,375 3,118 Q 5,226 7,528 1,745 3,932 Q 4,300 7,110 2,024 4,085 407 8.0 6.9 15.5 12.6 27.7 13,355 5,970 6,236 7,439 4,908 4,220 5,569 1,845 333 81 Q Q Q Q 2,378 819 406 108 Q Q Q 3,235 1,135 1,167 1,080 153 Q Q 2,681 969 1,620 1,288 608 251 Q 1,115 1,081 890 1,794 1,160 629 330 1,251 1,043 863 1,288 1,546 1,318 578 802 507 432 1,047 1,133 1,323 1,948 Q Q Q Q Q 619 2,667 12.5 16.4 19.1 17.4 18.1 17.0 18.2 See footnotes at end of table. 68 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A9. Building Size, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Building Size Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings 1,001 to 5,000 Square Feet 5,001 to 10,000 Square Feet 10,001 to 25,000 Square Feet 25,001 to 50,000 Square Feet 50,001 to 100,000 Square Feet 100,001 to 200,000 Square Feet 200,001 to 500,000 Square Feet Over 500,000 Square Feet RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.4 2.0 Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ................. Wall Insulation ................................. Storm or Multiple Glazing ................ Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ................................................ Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ....................................... Windows that Open ......................... HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System ............ Economizer Cycle ............................ HVAC Maintenance ......................... Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ......................... Natural Lighting Control Sensors ............................................ Occupancy Sensors ......................... Time Clock ....................................... Manual Dimmer Switches ................ Other ................................................ Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............. Building Shell ................................... HVAC ............................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program .................... HVAC Program ................................ Lighting Program ............................. Other DSM Programs ...................... 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 4,951 3,554 2,274 1,251 2,518 3,293 5,270 3,481 2,895 1,789 2,900 3,117 7,668 5,145 4,324 3,195 4,722 4,700 7,504 4,949 4,448 3,226 4,900 4,366 6,454 3,940 3,913 3,395 5,145 3,754 7,160 4,733 4,126 3,948 5,131 4,209 5,653 3,637 3,928 4,076 5,168 3,179 5,650 3,800 3,776 4,516 3,588 2,319 7.4 9.0 9.8 10.4 9.2 9.6 13,970 18,313 49,173 185 311 3,230 335 622 4,032 794 1,576 6,983 1,287 1,703 7,392 1,714 2,465 6,729 2,251 3,461 7,514 3,359 3,606 6,834 4,044 4,570 6,459 15.5 12.9 7.6 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 611 Q Q 310 446 69 956 147 Q 618 761 Q 2,088 189 201 1,132 1,420 388 1,970 305 264 1,274 1,341 301 1,883 259 174 1,446 1,326 446 2,507 314 840 1,765 1,859 604 2,677 910 1,045 2,038 2,559 383 2,550 882 955 3,522 2,616 306 12.8 24.0 20.4 16.2 13.0 23.2 64,403 62,056 50,281 29,453 5,952 6,575 6,375 3,370 1,302 291 6,566 6,405 4,221 2,066 467 9,788 9,403 7,257 3,952 821 9,597 9,270 7,503 3,884 896 7,874 7,683 6,797 3,420 917 9,271 8,935 7,699 4,821 1,020 7,479 7,098 6,946 4,557 740 7,254 6,887 6,488 5,452 799 7.0 7.0 7.5 9.9 17.2 1,079 6,370 8,805 6,176 Q 152 225 119 Q 222 345 Q Q 595 704 326 Q 541 951 418 Q 843 1,128 712 Q 1,236 1,235 1,190 310 1,490 2,247 1,548 143 1,291 1,970 1,749 22.6 17.7 16.4 19.5 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 69 Table A10. Year Constructed, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Buildings by Year Constructed Building Characteristics All Buildings 1899 or Before 1900 to 1919 1920 to 1945 1946 to 1959 1960 to 1969 1970 to 1979 1980 to 1986 1987 to 1989 1990 to 1992 RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 1.6 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.7 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ........... Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ........................................... Siding or Shingles ............................ Metal Panels .................................... Concrete Panels .............................. Window Glass .................................. Other ................................................ 4,806 169 255 724 880 783 982 671 212 128 7.4 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 80 52 22 12 Q Q Q Q 128 71 30 15 5 Q Q Q 415 151 97 36 14 9 2 1 511 174 111 50 18 11 3 (*) 435 135 118 50 23 17 5 1 558 201 116 62 25 12 6 2 384 119 98 33 20 12 4 2 103 49 36 13 5 3 1 Q 68 24 19 9 4 2 2 (*) 9.9 12.6 13.5 16.5 17.9 23.0 24.4 36.4 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 Q Q Q Q Q 34 31 Q Q Q 29 Q Q Q 12 Q Q Q Q 59 38 Q 15 Q 33 27 Q 40 28 Q 43 7 14 210 108 Q 42 Q 56 112 Q 75 76 Q 51 10 24 235 136 Q 42 Q 89 117 13 53 72 Q 33 15 38 208 102 Q 58 Q 53 107 11 44 46 28 73 14 27 247 163 10 52 16 55 185 15 49 37 Q 23 9 22 200 113 Q 32 Q 37 125 14 29 12 Q Q Q Q 47 42 Q Q Q Q 50 Q Q 17 Q Q Q 4 32 15 (*) 12 Q Q 21 Q 7 19.9 28.9 21.8 40.3 26.4 11.6 13.7 38.1 20.2 37.0 18.3 15.4 46.3 19.9 771 1,202 1,963 870 52 78 26 Q 62 105 66 22 166 193 257 109 124 208 368 179 122 174 324 163 118 248 426 190 81 121 341 128 31 37 102 42 14 38 51 25 15.3 15.2 12.3 18.4 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 169 112 31 4 Q Q Q 244 178 52 10 Q Q Q 681 437 105 13 Q 42 49 839 515 107 22 7 60 Q 759 465 89 22 5 53 25 945 517 91 9 5 67 31 648 279 52 7 Q 57 Q 206 108 22 4 Q 16 Q 124 53 8 Q Q 20 Q 7.4 9.0 18.3 27.2 40.6 22.5 26.2 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 158 119 126 41 Q 232 169 202 42 Q 623 491 507 101 21 760 643 638 134 20 687 563 580 120 11 850 741 721 154 31 576 515 489 86 15 184 167 160 36 Q 107 93 79 21 Q 7.5 8.0 7.8 12.5 28.3 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 126 43 Q Q Q Q 189 60 Q Q Q Q 528 137 48 Q Q Q 667 121 71 Q Q Q 548 106 106 14 6 Q 550 141 229 27 18 17 338 102 194 21 8 Q 109 31 61 7 1 Q 61 26 33 6 Q Q 8.7 14.7 15.1 24.4 39.8 46.4 See footnotes at end of table. 70 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A10. Year Constructed, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Buildings by Year Constructed Building Characteristics All Buildings 1899 or Before 1900 to 1919 1920 to 1945 1946 to 1959 1960 to 1969 1970 to 1979 1980 to 1986 1987 to 1989 1990 to 1992 RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 1.6 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.7 Predominant Roof Material Built-Up ............................................ Shingles (Not Wood) ........................ Metal Surfacing ................................ Synthetic or Rubber ......................... Slate or Tile ...................................... Concrete .......................................... Other ................................................ Floors One .................................................. Two .................................................. Three ............................................... Four to Nine ..................................... Ten or More ..................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ........................................ 26 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 75 ............................................ 76 to 100 .......................................... Building Shape Square ............................................. Rectangle ......................................... Rectangle or Square with Courtyard ......................................... Right Angle ...................................... Other ................................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................... Owner Occupied ............................ Nonowner Occupied ...................... Unoccupied .................................... Government Owned ......................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ......... Computer Room .............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ....... Activity with Large Amounts of Hot Water ..................................... 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 53 56 Q 20 17 Q Q 93 93 Q 26 14 Q Q 294 222 75 62 33 Q 33 375 269 99 79 25 Q 27 328 206 146 55 22 6 20 287 285 285 59 Q 7 40 159 179 255 39 Q 9 19 36 37 90 28 Q Q Q 17 33 50 17 Q 1 Q 12.0 11.4 13.8 17.6 22.5 42.8 31.2 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 Q 47 58 46 Q 52 89 75 38 Q 323 227 135 37 3 584 214 65 15 Q 554 177 39 11 3 707 217 44 13 2 511 122 19 16 3 159 39 7 6 Q 99 20 4 5 (*) 9.9 11.5 16.9 19.8 27.4 4,193 490 94 29 141 25 Q Q 215 36 Q Q 651 62 11 Q 768 88 16 8 681 82 18 3 863 96 18 6 593 55 16 7 172 33 Q Q 110 14 4 Q 7.8 15.4 30.6 46.9 280 3,659 48 333 485 Q 123 Q 19 17 12 203 Q Q 20 42 558 Q 46 75 58 643 Q 67 107 41 579 8 70 85 59 772 11 61 79 45 520 7 38 61 14 163 Q 8 23 3 97 Q 8 18 21.0 8.3 44.4 18.7 15.5 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 93 41 14 14 Q Q Q 157 39 36 13 Q 3 Q 476 122 63 46 10 4 3 501 176 94 80 20 7 2 431 131 101 78 23 11 8 514 208 130 80 28 16 6 363 120 80 63 24 15 6 106 42 29 22 8 5 2 77 16 15 10 5 3 2 9.9 12.8 16.1 16.0 20.4 20.6 23.4 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 57 43 22 17 22 Q 75 71 52 23 21 13 185 208 137 100 61 34 219 245 192 82 88 53 150 188 171 106 86 82 196 244 211 154 99 77 103 194 146 109 57 63 29 55 38 36 34 21 24 30 34 18 10 12 14.0 11.8 12.6 14.7 16.9 18.4 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 163 135 23 Q Q 226 175 39 Q 29 644 478 122 45 80 751 561 147 43 129 659 495 130 34 125 865 657 171 36 117 614 460 137 Q 58 184 145 35 Q 29 102 85 14 Q 26 7.7 8.5 15.4 24.5 15.5 735 223 236 203 41 Q Q Q 42 12 Q Q 101 26 25 25 134 33 39 42 122 43 38 45 155 44 54 44 86 34 37 23 34 17 14 12 21 6 10 5 12.3 19.4 20.5 19.1 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 71 Table A10. Year Constructed, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Buildings by Year Constructed Building Characteristics All Buildings 1899 or Before 1900 to 1919 1920 to 1945 1946 to 1959 1960 to 1969 1970 to 1979 1980 to 1986 1987 to 1989 1990 to 1992 RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 1.6 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.7 Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent Lit when Open Not Lit .............................................. 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ..................................... Furnaces .......................................... Individual Space Heaters ................. District Heat ..................................... Boilers .............................................. Packaged Heating Units .................. Other ................................................ Heating Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Radiators or Baseboards ................. Ducts for Heating ............................. Heating Only ............................... Heating and Cooling ................... Variable Air-Volume System ........................................ Fan Coil Units for Heating ................ Heating Only ............................... Heating and Cooling ................... Individual Space Heaters ................. Other ................................................ Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners ............................... Heat Pumps ..................................... Individual Air Conditioners ............... District Chilled Water ....................... Central Chillers ................................ Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ................................................. Swamp Coolers ............................... Other ................................................ Cooling Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Ducts for Cooling ............................. Cooling Only ............................... Heating and Cooling ................... Variable Air-Volume System ........................................ Fan Coil Units for Cooling ................ Cooling Only ............................... Heating and Cooling ................... Individual Air Conditioners ............... Other ................................................ 653 688 618 2,846 Q 35 32 88 24 45 38 147 106 135 110 374 121 115 109 535 99 115 97 473 145 114 125 598 95 91 78 408 29 27 20 137 21 11 Q 87 16.2 15.3 16.7 8.2 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 50 67 24 28 86 68 44 58 234 190 106 195 237 250 111 282 220 181 103 279 241 212 142 387 157 147 90 278 45 44 22 101 35 17 16 60 12.4 11.3 15.2 10.8 413 881 813 2,699 Q 61 41 55 23 79 52 101 76 168 122 359 78 151 150 501 55 138 132 458 83 150 163 586 58 95 108 411 Q 19 30 148 Q 20 15 82 21.0 13.9 14.6 8.7 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 Q 74 61 4 53 Q Q Q 104 65 10 70 20 Q 34 285 230 12 128 84 Q 44 358 258 22 127 137 Q 58 282 259 22 107 136 Q 112 324 305 9 79 219 13 120 191 197 7 33 165 Q 35 53 52 4 15 63 Q 23 21 36 Q 12 33 Q 19.1 11.1 11.0 27.3 14.7 14.4 48.9 473 2,955 577 2,378 210 99 78 21 1,464 181 54 90 33 57 Q Q Q Q 61 Q 68 138 45 93 9 8 Q Q 65 Q 107 394 120 274 16 22 18 Q 230 24 87 529 135 395 29 20 18 Q 258 57 71 474 101 372 29 16 10 7 259 34 54 641 84 558 43 12 9 3 305 23 21 457 46 411 38 8 7 Q 197 16 9 149 Q 139 32 Q Q Q 52 Q 3 83 Q 78 12 Q Q Q 36 Q 17.9 8.4 14.5 9.5 19.7 25.6 32.0 37.6 11.0 25.9 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 34 Q 65 Q Q 41 Q Q 64 13 78 Q 5 41 Q Q 105 29 203 Q 12 186 28 Q 156 43 217 7 27 256 42 Q 135 62 172 5 36 241 40 Q 162 116 166 5 27 348 24 Q 112 119 85 Q 14 229 31 Q 31 38 25 Q 9 77 Q Q 17 25 12 Q 5 40 Q Q 16.4 20.3 13.4 40.6 21.8 11.7 37.4 102.8 2,733 355 2,378 221 56 35 21 1,023 111 83 26 57 Q Q Q Q 65 Q 117 24 93 10 Q Q Q 78 Q 329 56 274 16 8 Q Q 203 12 466 71 395 30 9 Q Q 217 18 430 57 372 27 16 9 7 172 31 623 65 558 50 9 Q 3 166 19 454 43 411 39 3 Q Q 85 Q 148 9 139 33 Q Q Q 25 Q 82 Q 78 12 (*) Q Q 12 Q 9.0 18.8 9.5 18.4 34.8 46.5 37.6 13.4 32.6 See footnotes at end of table. 72 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A10. Year Constructed, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Buildings by Year Constructed Building Characteristics All Buildings 1899 or Before 1900 to 1919 1920 to 1945 1946 to 1959 1960 to 1969 1970 to 1979 1980 to 1986 1987 to 1989 1990 to 1992 RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 1.6 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.7 Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent ................................... Standard Fluorescent ...................... Compact Fluorescent ....................... High-Intensity Discharge .................. Other ................................................ Personal Computers and/or Computer Terminals 1 to 4 ................................................ 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ................. Wall Insulation ................................. Storm or Multiple Glazing ................ Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ................................................ Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ....................................... Windows that Open ......................... HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System ............ Economizer Cycle ............................ HVAC Maintenance ......................... Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ......................... Natural Lighting Control Sensors ............................................ Occupancy Sensors ......................... Time Clock ....................................... Manual Dimmer Switches ................ Other ................................................ Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............. Building Shell ................................... HVAC ............................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program .................... HVAC Program ................................ Lighting Program ............................. Other DSM Programs ...................... 2,509 4,065 206 354 78 136 140 Q Q Q 165 219 9 13 Q 436 588 27 37 Q 494 740 26 52 Q 399 665 36 49 Q 461 843 44 77 12 284 583 29 75 25 74 187 13 27 Q 59 101 11 20 Q 9.2 7.3 21.9 15.5 35.9 1,269 336 216 164 59 34 19 38 Q Q Q Q Q Q 57 17 Q 12 Q Q Q 181 33 26 14 5 6 1 228 41 39 29 11 3 1 188 44 52 36 9 8 3 301 94 43 27 12 7 4 177 65 30 24 12 6 5 68 25 11 14 3 2 2 32 7 6 5 2 2 2 11.9 17.1 20.0 21.1 25.1 29.3 32.5 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 100 51 88 30 67 106 167 89 125 34 94 146 419 222 218 119 240 360 549 302 238 172 336 454 551 364 230 171 297 352 739 571 332 221 364 346 541 466 257 203 285 240 174 155 117 80 110 56 103 100 75 40 61 60 7.9 8.8 9.8 12.3 9.9 10.3 250 414 2,503 Q Q 93 11 22 134 19 38 317 39 51 428 36 61 429 53 99 532 41 63 371 33 47 132 12 24 68 17.9 16.3 9.0 574 74 59 339 413 78 20 Q Q 24 38 Q 27 Q Q 11 31 Q 86 Q 4 48 63 Q 93 16 11 39 58 7 86 10 16 58 56 16 115 15 7 67 76 24 84 10 9 64 55 8 38 6 Q 17 18 Q 24 Q Q 12 18 4 15.8 34.4 34.8 19.1 15.9 34.9 4,357 4,223 2,604 1,178 264 159 155 95 65 Q 235 230 137 65 20 641 615 328 173 31 782 761 445 169 41 716 697 442 180 38 889 850 556 235 59 617 604 382 175 34 195 193 144 68 21 121 117 76 48 9 7.7 7.8 8.7 11.0 21.6 36 154 228 110 Q Q 9 Q Q 7 14 Q Q 14 36 14 Q 24 42 15 5 29 39 15 12 43 53 28 Q 17 22 11 Q 10 9 7 Q Q 4 5 44.1 26.0 23.2 28.9 (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 73 Table A11. Year Constructed, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Year Constructed Total Floorspace of All Buildings Building Characteristics 1899 or Before 1900 to 1919 1920 to 1945 1946 to 1959 1960 to 1969 1970 to 1979 1980 to 1986 1987 to 1989 1990 to 1992 RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 1.5 1.6 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.5 1.2 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ........... Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ........................................... Siding or Shingles ............................ Metal Panels .................................... Concrete Panels .............................. Window Glass .................................. Other ................................................ 67,876 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 10,149 4,138 2,502 9.3 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 251 397 297 431 Q Q Q Q 336 523 503 522 319 Q Q Q 1,150 1,106 1,507 1,267 927 1,227 707 Q 1,352 1,255 1,775 1,792 1,236 1,520 1,011 Q 1,167 986 1,892 1,856 1,625 2,306 1,444 1,335 1,536 1,505 1,902 2,216 1,776 1,673 1,988 1,418 1,064 896 1,613 1,176 1,330 1,626 1,207 1,237 275 355 576 482 387 444 320 Q 197 176 309 327 268 269 670 285 10.7 12.5 13.7 17.0 17.1 23.2 24.7 30.5 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 Q Q Q Q Q 239 435 Q Q Q 267 Q Q Q 441 Q Q Q Q 422 716 Q 142 Q 433 269 Q 877 1,077 Q 246 227 410 1,381 1,389 Q 495 Q 355 1,853 Q 929 1,903 Q 283 152 328 1,883 1,400 Q 346 Q 1,088 1,805 188 577 2,405 Q 187 492 482 2,680 2,187 Q 552 Q 628 1,815 184 431 1,728 155 365 544 579 2,607 2,283 674 1,096 168 505 2,397 210 702 480 Q 103 240 550 2,109 2,419 Q 461 Q 358 2,233 126 571 173 Q Q Q Q 535 899 Q Q Q Q 610 Q Q 253 Q Q Q 97 545 590 124 197 Q Q 377 Q 77 19.4 35.9 27.7 28.8 26.8 17.1 15.3 41.1 25.6 47.8 23.9 19.6 36.2 28.3 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 676 720 167 Q 1,052 1,246 788 522 2,655 2,296 2,646 1,115 2,070 2,629 3,898 1,825 2,485 2,652 4,914 2,562 2,123 4,086 4,940 2,865 1,547 2,482 3,950 2,170 506 500 2,367 765 286 670 906 639 17.6 15.2 16.6 16.8 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 1,721 1,249 344 91 Q Q Q 3,402 2,826 764 269 Q Q Q 8,396 5,738 1,748 1,135 Q 390 475 10,135 7,294 1,647 566 241 401 Q 12,479 8,900 2,363 1,419 376 642 Q 13,781 9,230 2,747 976 632 786 268 10,047 6,265 2,122 532 184 609 Q 4,106 1,965 741 149 Q 201 Q 2,483 1,630 743 202 164 212 Q 9.4 10.2 15.7 22.5 33.7 27.0 33.5 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 1,637 1,307 1,457 495 Q 3,329 2,759 3,126 1,334 Q 7,717 6,586 7,004 2,225 542 9,371 8,260 8,784 2,849 748 11,548 10,601 11,006 4,920 394 12,814 12,286 12,369 5,071 652 9,398 9,225 8,869 3,197 504 3,878 3,760 3,696 2,117 Q 2,303 2,258 2,167 859 Q 9.5 10.1 9.9 15.2 29.2 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 1,483 193 Q Q Q Q 3,286 236 Q Q Q Q 7,530 588 395 Q Q Q 8,651 579 898 Q Q Q 8,536 560 1,395 1,502 463 Q 9,277 717 1,881 1,510 408 220 5,635 716 1,929 745 685 Q 2,662 178 559 452 202 Q 1,526 105 244 464 76 Q 11.2 17.2 21.2 23.5 29.2 44.3 See footnotes at end of table. 74 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A11. Year Constructed, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Year Constructed Total Floorspace of All Buildings Building Characteristics 1899 or Before 1900 to 1919 1920 to 1945 1946 to 1959 1960 to 1969 1970 to 1979 1980 to 1986 1987 to 1989 1990 to 1992 RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 1.5 1.6 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.5 1.2 Predominant Roof Material Built-Up ............................................ Shingles (Not Wood) ........................ Metal Surfacing ................................ Synthetic or Rubber ......................... Slate or Tile ...................................... Concrete .......................................... Other ................................................ Floors One .................................................. Two .................................................. Three ............................................... Four to Nine ..................................... Ten or More ..................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ........................................ 26 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 75 ............................................ 76 to 100 .......................................... Building Shape Square ............................................. Rectangle ......................................... Rectangle or Square with Courtyard ......................................... Right Angle ...................................... Other ................................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................... Owner Occupied ............................ Nonowner Occupied ...................... Unoccupied .................................... Government Owned ......................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ......... Computer Room .............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ....... Activity with Large Amounts of Hot Water ..................................... 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 565 523 Q 238 219 Q Q 1,430 926 Q 710 289 Q Q 3,996 1,777 783 1,262 586 Q 132 5,716 1,834 764 1,436 260 Q 310 6,568 1,570 1,520 2,139 247 Q 223 5,907 2,142 2,224 2,545 Q 751 293 3,563 1,310 2,206 1,688 Q 762 502 Q 283 821 817 Q 199 Q 699 206 464 868 Q 159 Q 13.3 15.5 16.6 17.9 25.8 36.5 32.6 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 Q 338 481 743 Q 243 869 1,012 1,257 Q 2,381 1,964 2,067 1,810 490 4,020 3,168 1,702 1,283 249 5,146 3,872 1,365 1,310 918 5,763 3,661 1,963 1,812 815 4,359 2,789 822 1,085 1,094 2,373 710 243 620 192 994 654 223 457 174 14.5 14.8 17.5 19.9 27.1 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 1,269 426 Q Q 2,765 677 Q Q 6,983 1,233 479 Q 7,858 2,068 342 153 9,341 2,390 468 Q 11,287 1,817 661 249 6,989 2,119 625 417 3,164 597 231 Q 1,701 488 215 Q 10.5 18.0 23.7 35.9 3,654 39,233 1,372 6,071 17,547 Q 1,107 Q 241 287 206 1,971 Q Q 751 573 5,568 Q 630 1,868 381 5,877 Q 1,025 2,985 736 7,086 299 1,132 3,359 837 8,367 317 1,191 3,302 533 5,943 286 816 2,572 195 1,989 Q 248 Q Q 1,324 Q 220 787 24.1 9.6 41.0 23.1 16.8 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 692 444 167 151 Q Q Q 993 453 612 355 Q 476 Q 3,053 1,211 933 1,105 1,023 484 904 2,922 1,236 1,611 2,204 1,222 719 507 2,807 1,227 1,211 2,180 1,685 1,369 2,133 3,165 1,577 1,812 2,088 1,424 1,895 2,053 2,177 882 1,142 1,560 1,117 1,600 1,670 Q 343 389 514 347 469 457 516 152 201 399 301 349 585 13.5 16.0 18.6 16.2 22.0 24.9 21.1 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 385 484 363 147 272 Q 927 883 803 356 402 237 1,564 2,045 2,013 1,393 780 918 1,570 2,877 2,640 1,072 1,117 1,146 1,320 2,617 2,371 2,692 1,910 1,701 1,455 2,614 2,476 2,778 2,248 2,444 686 2,278 2,104 2,500 920 1,661 163 646 616 709 544 Q 176 554 661 415 273 423 17.8 14.4 14.5 17.9 19.8 21.8 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 1,589 1,224 332 Q Q 2,704 1,978 486 Q 904 6,653 4,783 1,453 417 2,059 8,056 6,237 1,426 393 2,365 8,571 6,737 1,491 344 4,041 10,776 8,024 2,435 317 3,237 9,056 6,328 2,442 Q 1,093 3,550 1,785 Q Q 588 1,798 1,307 472 Q 704 10.1 9.3 19.7 28.8 16.9 22,166 14,199 8,042 6,862 495 Q Q Q 1,334 673 Q Q 2,225 1,439 1,030 803 2,849 1,436 1,051 908 4,924 3,057 1,840 1,244 5,067 2,857 1,951 1,856 3,197 2,954 995 993 1,217 794 367 371 859 811 437 454 13.6 16.5 18.4 21.1 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 75 Table A11. Year Constructed, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Year Constructed Total Floorspace of All Buildings Building Characteristics 1899 or Before 1900 to 1919 1920 to 1945 1946 to 1959 1960 to 1969 1970 to 1979 1980 to 1986 1987 to 1989 1990 to 1992 RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 1.5 1.6 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.5 1.2 Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent Lit when Open Not Lit .............................................. 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ..................................... Furnaces .......................................... Individual Space Heaters ................. District Heat ..................................... Boilers .............................................. Packaged Heating Units .................. Other ................................................ Heating Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Radiators or Baseboards ................. Ducts for Heating ............................. Heating Only ............................... Heating and Cooling ................... Variable Air-Volume System ........................................ Fan Coil Units for Heating ................ Heating Only ............................... Heating and Cooling ................... Individual Space Heaters ................. Other ................................................ Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners ............................... Heat Pumps ..................................... Individual Air Conditioners ............... District Chilled Water ....................... Central Chillers ................................ Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ................................................. Swamp Coolers ............................... Other ................................................ Cooling Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Ducts for Cooling ............................. Cooling Only ............................... Heating and Cooling ................... Variable Air-Volume System ........................................ Fan Coil Units for Cooling ................ Cooling Only ............................... Heating and Cooling ................... Individual Air Conditioners ............... Other ................................................ 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 Q 332 313 973 325 764 590 1,930 1,119 2,015 1,208 4,371 1,053 1,495 1,581 6,292 1,084 2,040 2,061 7,427 1,292 1,966 2,039 8,716 774 1,666 1,636 6,073 262 638 438 2,799 199 279 345 1,679 25.1 22.1 17.0 10.5 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 414 828 228 251 849 1,555 679 526 2,126 3,240 1,492 1,853 2,161 3,942 1,636 2,682 2,011 3,604 3,167 3,830 1,728 3,881 3,035 5,370 925 3,242 2,339 3,643 377 891 706 2,164 244 534 590 1,134 15.7 14.4 16.2 13.9 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 Q 652 429 560 321 1,175 946 1,166 654 1,584 1,535 4,939 554 1,862 2,115 5,890 457 1,523 2,264 8,369 630 1,414 2,982 8,988 422 1,258 1,950 6,519 Q 231 Q 2,226 Q 280 413 1,737 26.4 18.3 16.1 10.4 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 Q 511 530 91 852 Q Q Q 1,043 1,286 255 1,644 536 Q 619 2,659 2,345 1,125 2,541 1,271 Q 1,013 3,131 3,173 545 3,926 1,740 Q 1,055 3,367 3,862 1,363 4,027 3,226 Q 1,783 2,982 5,434 972 3,734 3,911 231 2,290 2,308 4,022 524 1,972 3,154 Q 672 586 961 149 Q 1,152 Q 534 323 768 202 544 893 Q 20.9 15.4 13.6 22.8 14.6 16.5 36.4 13,263 45,422 5,950 39,472 11,528 5,474 3,569 1,906 22,380 3,310 773 777 236 541 Q Q Q Q 530 Q 1,569 2,016 398 1,617 463 324 Q Q 1,286 Q 2,737 4,768 1,114 3,655 624 719 420 298 2,345 356 2,556 6,517 1,144 5,373 874 932 817 Q 3,173 746 2,296 8,893 1,594 7,298 2,273 1,125 548 577 3,862 764 1,994 9,566 852 8,715 2,108 1,219 686 533 5,434 526 839 7,458 487 6,971 2,388 648 478 Q 4,022 432 246 3,423 Q 3,337 Q Q Q Q 961 Q 252 2,004 Q 1,965 856 186 168 Q 768 Q 16.1 11.0 24.2 11.5 21.3 24.5 32.6 32.0 13.6 29.7 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 232 Q 702 Q Q 643 Q Q 702 193 1,675 Q 242 1,272 Q Q 1,441 672 3,223 Q 847 2,905 186 Q 1,770 963 3,183 241 1,551 3,537 285 Q 1,528 1,170 3,603 376 3,032 5,411 510 Q 1,800 1,807 2,586 632 3,306 6,494 386 Q 992 2,224 1,630 184 1,839 4,788 428 Q 365 697 Q Q Q 1,550 Q Q 190 562 108 164 571 1,230 Q Q 16.9 21.0 17.1 33.7 18.5 12.4 38.0 87.2 47,755 8,283 39,472 12,430 3,875 1,969 1,906 17,979 2,919 995 454 541 Q Q Q Q 702 Q 2,075 457 1,617 382 Q Q Q 1,675 Q 4,804 1,149 3,655 805 545 Q 298 3,223 249 6,681 1,308 5,373 882 271 Q Q 3,183 284 8,567 1,269 7,298 1,853 922 346 577 3,603 768 10,517 1,802 8,715 2,715 1,139 606 533 2,586 1,109 8,288 1,317 6,971 2,739 464 Q Q 1,630 282 3,651 315 3,337 1,981 Q Q Q Q Q 2,177 212 1,965 973 89 Q Q 108 Q 10.7 19.5 11.5 20.0 31.4 45.9 32.0 17.1 37.5 See footnotes at end of table. 76 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A11. Year Constructed, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Year Constructed Total Floorspace of All Buildings Building Characteristics 1899 or Before 1900 to 1919 1920 to 1945 1946 to 1959 1960 to 1969 1970 to 1979 1980 to 1986 1987 to 1989 1990 to 1992 RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 1.5 1.6 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.5 1.2 Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent ................................... Standard Fluorescent ...................... Compact Fluorescent ....................... High-Intensity Discharge .................. Other ................................................ Personal Computers and/or Computer Terminals 1 to 4 ................................................ 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ................. Wall Insulation ................................. Storm or Multiple Glazing ................ Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ................................................ Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ....................................... Windows that Open ......................... HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System ............ Economizer Cycle ............................ HVAC Maintenance ......................... Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ......................... Natural Lighting Control Sensors ............................................ Occupancy Sensors ......................... Time Clock ....................................... Manual Dimmer Switches ................ Other ................................................ Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............. Building Shell ................................... HVAC ............................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program .................... HVAC Program ................................ Lighting Program ............................. Other DSM Programs ...................... 39,221 62,074 8,336 17,570 1,612 1,303 1,515 Q Q Q 2,412 3,227 349 504 Q 5,674 7,697 837 1,798 Q 6,729 9,166 639 2,116 Q 7,220 11,720 1,764 3,382 Q 7,853 13,070 1,958 3,734 293 5,131 9,475 1,425 3,503 469 1,592 3,959 509 1,180 Q 1,305 2,244 719 1,217 110 10.1 9.7 20.7 16.3 35.4 13,355 5,970 6,236 7,439 4,908 4,220 5,569 353 Q Q Q Q Q Q 807 309 Q 299 Q Q Q 1,773 442 807 883 392 790 374 2,349 816 909 1,311 842 346 291 1,975 1,001 1,390 1,552 1,019 1,050 1,388 3,168 1,444 1,182 1,419 1,154 1,023 1,229 1,941 1,171 1,150 1,138 845 466 1,199 569 381 340 430 186 171 411 419 261 242 345 148 197 413 13.1 18.7 25.1 23.0 25.4 27.9 26.3 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 942 561 1,036 379 726 1,215 2,259 1,210 1,679 630 1,312 2,297 4,929 2,187 3,317 1,556 3,922 4,759 6,957 3,300 3,474 2,887 4,926 6,211 9,567 5,498 4,124 4,740 6,096 5,654 11,395 8,182 5,638 5,603 6,763 4,703 8,439 7,208 5,557 5,418 5,793 2,750 3,633 3,219 3,174 2,509 2,794 827 2,190 1,877 1,685 1,674 1,740 520 10.2 11.6 12.3 15.7 12.3 12.4 13,970 18,313 49,173 Q Q 1,210 572 1,007 2,617 896 1,185 5,126 1,121 1,500 6,608 2,511 3,321 9,595 2,822 4,374 10,356 2,960 3,338 8,099 2,009 2,297 3,530 975 1,168 2,034 20.4 17.1 10.4 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 276 Q Q 180 391 Q 739 Q Q 371 534 Q 1,752 Q 207 852 988 Q 1,676 375 296 1,013 1,572 181 2,865 355 771 1,808 2,413 610 3,476 1,081 868 2,878 3,082 677 2,556 442 790 2,514 1,979 395 863 205 Q Q 655 Q 1,037 377 239 706 715 209 15.3 25.3 25.4 20.8 16.8 29.5 64,403 62,056 50,281 29,453 5,952 1,662 1,620 1,229 659 Q 3,325 3,269 2,662 1,368 406 7,841 7,532 5,313 2,943 604 9,752 9,484 6,726 3,384 677 12,053 11,695 9,812 5,219 1,247 13,464 12,754 10,636 6,680 1,430 9,842 9,463 8,199 5,052 860 4,044 3,902 3,602 2,519 325 2,419 2,338 2,103 1,627 275 9.6 9.8 10.2 13.1 20.6 1,079 6,370 8,805 6,176 Q Q 144 Q Q 189 374 Q Q 741 871 583 Q 629 1,105 701 212 1,497 2,236 1,729 259 1,637 2,314 1,457 Q 948 962 744 Q 340 397 352 Q 330 402 353 33.9 22.0 19.9 25.2 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 77 Table A12. Floors, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics All Buildings One Floor Two Floors Three Floors Four to Nine Floors Ten or more Floors All Buildings One Floor Two Floors Three Floors Four to Nine Floors Ten or more Floors RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.8 0.6 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.6 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 4,806 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 67,876 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 6.6 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 2,009 525 310 103 36 18 5 Q 518 282 211 81 35 20 4 2 133 121 100 54 22 11 4 1 Q 47 26 42 21 18 10 1 Q Q Q Q Q 4 4 3 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 5,331 3,834 4,916 3,634 2,484 2,409 1,315 Q 1,508 2,121 3,434 2,913 2,421 2,617 1,252 1,759 412 898 1,630 1,960 1,562 1,567 1,125 723 Q 345 391 1,538 1,491 2,486 2,916 1,134 Q Q Q Q Q 598 1,281 2,159 9.1 8.7 10.8 12.1 13.0 16.2 17.9 26.1 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 200 105 165 34 41 893 360 Q 153 42 184 589 40 185 62 Q 57 13 61 259 212 Q 77 Q 145 139 18 87 27 Q 31 7 30 102 101 Q 34 Q 33 25 Q 29 11 Q Q 8 20 18 68 5 14 Q Q 8 4 17 Q Q Q Q 2 Q 8 Q Q Q Q Q Q 1 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 2,823 500 763 190 375 6,255 2,411 Q Q 313 1,073 6,926 220 1,382 2,217 Q 343 152 714 4,066 2,385 Q 971 Q 1,788 3,243 476 1,323 2,200 Q 226 140 509 1,454 1,763 Q 951 Q 698 754 Q 597 1,171 Q Q 925 1,060 381 3,133 1,311 531 Q Q Q 216 683 Q Q Q 356 233 Q 2,628 Q Q Q Q Q Q 412 14.6 22.7 16.6 26.6 19.5 13.1 10.7 31.9 18.0 32.9 18.2 15.7 25.4 19.9 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 Q 52 323 584 554 707 671 99 47 89 227 214 177 217 161 20 58 75 135 65 39 44 26 4 46 38 37 15 11 13 23 5 Q Q 3 Q 3 2 3 (*) 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 Q 243 2,381 4,020 5,146 5,763 6,732 994 338 869 1,964 3,168 3,872 3,661 3,499 654 481 1,012 2,067 1,702 1,365 1,963 1,064 223 743 1,257 1,810 1,283 1,310 1,812 1,705 457 Q Q 490 249 918 815 1,286 174 20.3 21.4 13.9 13.7 13.4 12.2 13.9 20.6 771 1,202 1,963 870 329 634 1,456 588 213 361 387 193 153 158 84 51 72 47 33 35 4 3 3 4 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 2,834 5,146 12,892 4,552 3,564 5,153 5,660 3,649 2,807 3,042 2,255 1,772 2,847 2,989 2,714 1,827 1,348 950 1,056 819 13.7 13.0 12.2 14.6 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 2,848 1,494 249 33 8 230 112 1,132 729 153 18 7 76 32 438 303 103 15 4 23 15 185 130 47 27 9 Q Q 13 9 6 3 1 Q Q 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 24,572 14,415 2,017 488 160 1,503 494 17,879 13,582 2,435 470 234 918 465 9,710 7,524 2,991 744 226 641 427 10,256 6,825 3,387 2,263 848 300 Q 4,132 2,751 2,387 1,374 599 Q Q 6.7 8.0 12.8 18.6 28.5 20.9 27.0 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 2,492 2,065 1,953 377 72 1,071 915 962 192 29 425 354 404 103 10 178 155 171 54 9 12 12 12 7 Q 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 22,052 19,852 19,719 5,953 1,257 17,209 15,749 16,458 5,517 998 9,318 8,622 9,310 4,208 471 9,432 8,755 9,031 4,716 401 3,985 4,063 3,961 2,672 Q 6.9 7.2 7.0 10.6 24.5 See footnotes at end of table. 78 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A12. Floors, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics All Buildings One Floor Two Floors Three Floors Four to Nine Floors Ten or more Floors All Buildings One Floor Two Floors Three Floors Four to Nine Floors Ten or more Floors RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.8 0.6 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.6 Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ......................................... Siding or Shingles .......................... Metal Panels .................................. Concrete Panels ............................. Window Glass ................................ Other .............................................. Predominant Roof Material Built-Up .......................................... Shingles (Not Wood) ...................... Metal Surfacing .............................. Synthetic or Rubber ....................... Slate or Tile .................................... Concrete ......................................... Other .............................................. Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Building Shape Square ............................................ Rectangle ....................................... Rectangle or Square with Courtyard ....................................... Right Angle ..................................... Other .............................................. Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent .................................. Standard Fluorescent ..................... Compact Fluorescent ..................... High-Intensity Discharge ................ Other .............................................. 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 1,802 453 653 49 20 30 824 203 82 18 14 Q 336 85 Q 12 5 Q 145 23 Q 8 5 Q 8 Q Q 1 2 1 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 17,203 1,705 4,811 1,243 183 279 13,092 1,333 1,626 1,528 168 Q 7,951 595 Q 673 228 Q 8,076 186 Q 1,096 379 Q 2,264 Q Q 420 1,070 206 7.7 12.8 14.9 21.7 28.1 30.3 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 981 781 871 180 73 19 102 405 405 145 108 35 Q 49 174 148 16 64 27 4 13 74 46 Q 30 19 7 Q 8 Q Q 4 Q 1 Q 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 10,988 3,951 6,355 2,588 468 328 747 7,768 3,879 2,235 2,987 435 Q 554 4,967 1,485 223 2,278 450 187 288 4,565 921 Q 2,594 630 1,346 Q 1,970 Q Q 1,256 Q 516 Q 9.4 10.4 15.5 13.3 22.1 32.1 25.7 4,193 490 94 29 2,717 240 38 Q 981 137 28 8 363 63 17 Q 127 45 8 5 5 5 2 1 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 22,587 2,293 380 Q 13,872 3,526 475 152 7,257 1,805 730 Q 6,511 2,671 749 446 1,129 1,521 872 651 7.6 12.4 19.9 28.4 280 3,659 48 333 485 171 2,381 21 181 252 77 830 17 94 136 22 312 Q 41 64 8 129 2 15 32 Q Q 2 8 3,654 39,233 1,372 6,071 17,547 1,230 17,350 288 1,833 4,724 698 10,179 565 2,147 4,436 447 4,125 Q 1,233 3,889 547 5,567 308 622 3,332 732 2,012 Q Q 1,166 18.3 7.6 31.0 15.8 13.3 3 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 1,922 555 290 175 47 14 3 553 230 181 128 40 18 4 193 79 57 74 25 12 5 49 31 33 26 17 18 11 Q Q Q Q Q 2 8 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 10,122 3,676 3,239 4,273 2,394 1,165 556 4,222 2,148 2,577 3,025 2,492 2,318 1,242 1,728 909 993 2,173 1,525 1,486 1,064 1,514 790 1,254 956 1,241 2,070 2,553 Q Q Q Q Q 338 3,219 10.5 12.3 13.1 11.5 16.7 17.8 18.7 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 657 800 642 415 298 196 283 302 236 142 104 86 77 122 91 60 48 49 22 52 31 25 28 29 Q 2 4 3 Q 3 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 3,592 6,752 5,256 4,454 2,673 2,697 2,516 3,680 4,219 3,458 2,556 1,598 1,088 2,309 1,870 1,639 1,547 1,423 706 1,876 1,564 1,355 1,321 3,555 Q 381 1,137 1,156 Q 785 13.0 11.5 10.7 12.7 14.6 14.8 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 2,626 1,945 542 140 380 1,022 805 177 40 132 393 313 66 Q 53 154 122 30 Q 32 11 8 2 Q 2 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 21,067 13,597 6,536 934 4,357 14,328 11,140 2,697 491 3,697 6,838 5,355 1,262 Q 3,039 7,068 5,794 1,029 Q 3,309 3,451 2,517 749 Q 722 7.1 7.6 13.8 20.7 12.9 2,509 4,065 206 354 78 1,293 2,439 93 183 47 744 1,033 44 111 23 317 404 35 30 Q 143 176 30 26 Q 11 13 5 4 Q 39,221 62,074 8,336 17,570 1,612 10,327 21,851 1,204 4,781 639 11,064 17,252 1,776 5,174 359 7,073 9,453 1,189 2,683 Q 7,278 9,523 2,498 3,263 Q 3,478 3,994 1,667 1,668 Q 7.7 6.7 15.2 11.6 27.9 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 79 Table A12. Floors, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics All Buildings One Floor Two Floors Three Floors Four to Nine Floors Ten or more Floors All Buildings One Floor Two Floors Three Floors Four to Nine Floors Ten or more Floors RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.8 0.6 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.6 Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ............... Wall Insulation ................................ Storm or Multiple Glazing ............... Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass .............................................. Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ..................................... Windows that Open ........................ HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System .......... Economizer Cycle .......................... HVAC Maintenance ........................ Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors .......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches .............. Other .............................................. Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............ Building Shell ................................. HVAC ............................................. Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 2,010 1,434 796 604 992 1,159 857 600 498 300 530 547 330 195 265 103 223 276 137 84 114 53 99 130 9 6 7 8 9 6 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 18,135 12,123 8,610 7,551 10,608 8,652 14,282 9,741 8,019 6,991 9,124 7,540 7,957 4,581 5,358 3,749 5,459 5,499 6,810 4,326 5,368 4,340 5,945 5,615 3,128 2,469 2,329 2,765 2,935 1,632 7.0 8.5 9.1 10.7 8.5 9.3 250 414 2,503 111 176 1,357 67 129 687 33 61 305 32 41 140 6 8 13 13,970 18,313 49,173 2,678 3,944 14,958 3,071 4,629 13,699 2,315 3,045 8,222 3,424 3,772 8,204 2,482 2,923 4,091 14.7 12.3 7.5 574 74 59 339 413 78 282 28 23 137 143 34 169 23 19 115 143 23 78 12 8 54 69 10 39 10 7 28 53 11 6 1 1 4 5 1 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 3,717 383 407 2,746 1,375 529 3,893 874 827 3,264 3,648 595 2,616 431 400 2,141 2,056 389 3,135 1,058 1,189 2,247 3,284 789 1,880 326 806 1,707 1,967 294 12.3 21.8 20.6 15.9 12.8 20.9 4,357 4,223 2,604 1,178 264 2,620 2,530 1,414 541 128 1,105 1,077 719 368 82 435 424 313 166 36 184 179 145 93 15 13 13 13 10 2 64,403 62,056 50,281 29,453 5,952 22,938 22,066 15,331 7,256 1,563 17,520 17,097 14,092 7,994 1,866 9,776 9,558 8,398 5,049 873 9,997 9,289 8,360 5,841 1,182 4,173 4,046 4,100 3,313 468 6.9 6.9 7.3 9.4 15.4 (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 80 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A13. Predominant Exterior Wall Material, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Buildings by Exterior Wall Material Building Characteristics All Buildings Masonry Siding or Shingles Metal Panels Concrete Panels Window Glass Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.8 2.3 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 4,806 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 8.4 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 1,573 675 488 211 94 48 19 7 595 105 48 13 Q Q Q Q 457 155 85 31 6 8 1 1 Q 14 20 16 11 8 4 1 Q Q Q 8 Q 2 1 1 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.8 12.3 13.6 18.8 16.9 22.4 22.2 41.2 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 233 99 186 47 114 805 542 14 186 47 264 326 43 210 43 Q 60 Q 34 176 122 Q 56 Q 89 93 Q 55 17 Q Q Q Q 250 44 Q 26 Q Q 303 21 39 4 Q Q Q Q 14 15 Q Q Q Q 27 Q 5 Q Q Q Q Q Q 14 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 12 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 21.8 32.7 19.5 33.3 25.7 12.2 15.3 59.6 20.0 41.9 21.2 15.4 38.5 21.5 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 126 189 528 667 548 550 447 61 43 60 137 121 106 141 132 26 Q Q 48 71 106 229 255 33 Q Q Q Q 14 27 27 6 Q Q Q Q 6 18 9 Q Q Q Q Q Q 17 13 Q 27.3 22.5 15.6 14.9 16.7 13.9 13.9 29.0 771 1,202 1,963 870 503 759 1,261 592 176 198 257 133 68 215 372 90 6 12 36 34 12 Q 18 8 6 9 19 13 18.4 16.6 13.3 20.4 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 3,035 1,951 373 77 25 155 73 715 320 114 Q Q 101 41 691 292 48 6 Q 74 45 85 50 5 7 2 Q Q 43 27 9 1 Q Q Q 46 26 10 Q Q Q Q 8.3 10.7 18.9 26.4 35.9 25.1 24.7 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 2,850 2,491 2,465 546 74 635 473 514 125 Q 533 394 380 31 28 76 71 74 15 6 41 38 39 15 Q 42 35 30 1 Q 8.5 8.8 8.7 15.3 28.0 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 81 Table A13. Predominant Exterior Wall Material, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Buildings by Exterior Wall Material Building Characteristics All Buildings Masonry Siding or Shingles Metal Panels Concrete Panels Window Glass Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.8 2.3 Predominant Roof Material Built-Up .......................................... Shingles (Not Wood) ...................... Metal Surfacing .............................. Synthetic or Rubber ....................... Slate or Tile .................................... Concrete ......................................... Other .............................................. Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Building Shape Square ............................................ Rectangle ....................................... Rectangle or Square with Courtyard ....................................... Right Angle ..................................... Other .............................................. Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ............... Wall Insulation ................................ Storm or Multiple Glazing ............... Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass .............................................. Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ..................................... Windows that Open ........................ HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System .......... Economizer Cycle .......................... HVAC Maintenance ........................ Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors .......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches .............. Other .............................................. Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............ Building Shell ................................. HVAC ............................................. Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 1,470 865 209 318 124 32 97 68 448 136 39 30 Q 42 29 39 660 5 Q Q Q 46 6 17 12 Q 4 Q 18 Q Q 8 Q Q Q 11 Q Q Q Q Q Q 14.3 15.4 16.0 22.1 24.5 46.4 30.1 4,193 490 94 29 2,662 376 62 15 694 61 Q Q 724 20 Q Q 75 11 1 Q Q 16 20 9 36 Q Q 4 8.6 17.0 26.8 32.5 280 3,659 48 333 485 193 2,300 39 247 336 43 586 Q 49 84 32 647 Q 28 33 5 64 Q 7 12 Q 34 Q Q 8 Q 29 Q Q 13 21.1 9.2 45.8 18.3 17.2 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 2,707 2,015 570 122 408 675 548 87 39 90 669 525 115 29 75 75 42 29 Q 13 38 25 11 Q 9 43 39 4 Q Q 8.8 9.8 16.3 25.0 17.5 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 2,222 1,292 1,134 797 1,300 1,393 523 476 343 116 301 458 477 452 148 86 164 232 62 46 26 40 37 14 28 22 13 21 28 6 33 32 15 9 23 Q 9.7 10.5 12.0 14.2 11.1 12.2 250 414 2,503 188 305 1,769 21 34 344 16 39 271 12 17 61 9 10 31 4 10 27 19.1 17.1 9.8 574 74 59 339 413 78 366 51 38 256 301 50 74 Q Q 34 86 Q 103 Q Q 14 9 Q 22 3 4 14 9 5 7 3 Q 12 5 Q Q Q 2 16.9 31.9 29.2 19.4 19.3 33.7 9 Q Q 4,357 4,223 2,604 1,178 264 2,905 2,821 1,838 810 176 696 683 356 171 47 587 560 289 124 31 83 77 63 40 4 41 39 31 17 Q 44 42 27 16 Q 8.8 8.9 9.5 11.5 23.1 See footnotes at end of table. 82 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A13. Predominant Exterior Wall Material, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Buildings by Exterior Wall Material Building Characteristics All Buildings Masonry Siding or Shingles Metal Panels Concrete Panels Window Glass Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.8 2.3 Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program ................... HVAC Program .............................. Lighting Program ............................ Other DSM Programs ..................... 36 154 228 110 25 113 157 84 Q 16 34 Q Q 14 20 9 Q 5 8 5 Q 2 4 1 Q Q 5 Q 43.3 24.8 22.4 25.5 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 83 Table A14. Predominant Exterior Wall Material, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Exterior Wall Material Total Floorspace of All Buildings Building Characteristics Masonry Siding or Shingles Metal Panels Concrete Panels Window Glass Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.4 2.2 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 67,876 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 9.1 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 4,401 5,001 7,867 7,545 6,552 6,649 5,666 4,905 1,536 730 750 469 Q Q Q Q 1,255 1,158 1,345 1,120 426 1,158 366 565 Q 108 325 576 736 1,033 1,282 Q Q Q Q 283 Q 286 377 726 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.2 11.4 12.3 19.0 16.0 21.8 22.9 37.7 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 7,714 607 1,156 1,587 2,412 9,035 7,717 1,329 3,471 627 3,216 5,995 636 3,082 120 Q 282 Q 230 686 724 Q 405 Q 440 518 Q 274 145 Q Q Q Q 1,567 782 Q 379 Q Q 3,629 258 418 379 Q Q Q Q 886 1,203 230 Q Q Q 1,154 Q 235 Q Q Q Q Q Q 1,394 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 499 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 19.8 32.8 23.7 26.5 25.7 16.6 15.5 47.8 44.8 51.3 24.6 18.2 34.3 26.1 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,483 3,286 7,530 8,651 8,536 9,277 8,296 1,526 193 236 588 579 560 717 894 105 Q Q 395 898 1,395 1,881 2,488 244 Q Q Q Q 1,502 1,510 1,197 464 Q Q Q Q 463 408 887 76 Q Q Q Q Q 220 524 Q 26.8 28.4 21.3 20.7 20.1 14.1 16.1 20.9 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 9,981 12,914 17,174 8,517 1,008 1,017 1,052 796 930 1,774 3,900 789 1,003 741 1,461 1,755 372 524 709 423 106 310 281 Q 18.8 15.4 15.2 17.7 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 47,832 34,380 9,622 3,769 1,630 2,042 1,123 3,647 1,965 631 Q Q 453 138 7,131 3,455 699 331 Q 742 198 4,906 3,557 1,077 699 221 Q Q 2,008 1,024 839 Q Q Q Q 1,024 716 350 Q Q Q Q 9.2 10.8 15.1 25.3 29.1 24.9 30.7 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 45,520 42,084 43,361 18,177 2,112 3,303 2,625 2,908 911 Q 5,682 4,854 4,844 677 617 4,663 4,563 4,595 1,998 298 1,839 1,978 1,831 993 Q 988 938 940 309 Q 9.4 9.9 9.6 16.0 26.0 See footnotes at end of table. 84 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A14. Predominant Exterior Wall Material, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Exterior Wall Material Total Floorspace of All Buildings Building Characteristics Masonry Siding or Shingles Metal Panels Concrete Panels Window Glass Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.4 2.2 Predominant Roof Material Built-Up .......................................... Shingles (Not Wood) ...................... Metal Surfacing .............................. Synthetic or Rubber ....................... Slate or Tile .................................... Concrete ......................................... Other .............................................. Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Building Shape Square ............................................ Rectangle ....................................... Rectangle or Square with Courtyard ....................................... Right Angle ..................................... Other .............................................. Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ............... Wall Insulation ................................ Storm or Multiple Glazing ............... Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass .............................................. Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ..................................... Windows that Open ........................ HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System .......... Economizer Cycle .......................... HVAC Maintenance ........................ Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors .......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches .............. Other .............................................. Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............ Building Shell ................................. HVAC ............................................. Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 24,929 7,856 2,162 8,832 1,801 1,952 1,054 507 2,011 787 187 167 Q 206 1,097 191 5,512 345 Q Q Q 2,417 190 385 1,498 Q 346 Q 768 Q Q 675 Q Q Q 540 Q Q 165 Q Q Q 15.8 16.0 16.8 19.6 26.9 39.7 29.9 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 36,972 9,265 1,923 426 3,282 502 Q Q 7,026 257 Q Q 3,639 1,157 135 Q Q 316 820 813 358 Q Q 224 9.5 20.1 18.4 29.5 3,654 39,233 1,372 6,071 17,547 2,733 26,511 1,105 4,836 13,400 193 2,655 Q 272 713 229 5,820 Q 560 711 202 2,673 Q 310 1,705 Q 1,115 Q Q 523 Q 458 Q Q 495 19.7 10.0 37.7 23.2 18.5 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 36,656 26,445 8,944 1,267 11,929 3,519 2,935 394 190 354 6,591 5,126 1,197 268 801 3,235 1,890 1,166 Q 1,726 1,736 1,202 380 Q 292 1,015 804 192 Q Q 9.6 9.9 17.9 30.6 18.7 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 36,344 21,698 21,861 17,813 25,497 22,916 2,783 2,499 2,044 804 1,744 2,050 5,129 4,779 2,319 1,557 2,148 2,227 3,871 2,250 1,989 3,102 2,617 1,312 1,413 1,163 991 1,401 1,333 239 771 850 481 719 732 Q 9.7 10.4 11.9 14.4 10.6 16.3 13,970 18,313 49,173 9,433 12,976 36,110 195 411 2,189 720 1,069 3,869 1,934 2,316 4,195 1,120 1,070 1,938 568 472 872 20.7 16.6 10.4 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 9,954 2,253 2,100 8,270 8,681 1,748 666 Q Q 368 771 Q 1,741 Q Q 411 387 Q 1,891 339 609 1,665 1,257 416 737 159 296 836 962 Q 253 Q Q 554 271 Q 14.9 22.1 20.2 21.9 19.2 24.0 64,403 62,056 50,281 29,453 5,952 46,720 45,091 37,029 20,672 4,601 3,562 3,510 2,238 1,373 298 6,355 6,093 3,995 2,052 516 4,754 4,485 4,209 3,120 317 2,000 1,879 1,938 1,492 152 1,011 999 872 744 Q 9.3 9.3 10.2 12.7 19.2 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 85 Table A14. Predominant Exterior Wall Material, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Exterior Wall Material Total Floorspace of All Buildings Building Characteristics Masonry Siding or Shingles Metal Panels Concrete Panels Window Glass Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.4 2.2 Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program ................... HVAC Program .............................. Lighting Program ............................ Other DSM Programs ..................... 1,079 6,370 8,805 6,176 793 4,528 6,074 4,084 Q 213 316 Q Q 328 406 283 Q 779 1,342 1,285 Q 335 399 317 Q Q 269 Q 35.4 24.0 18.1 21.8 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 86 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A15. Predominant Roof Material, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Buildings by Roof Material Building Characteristics All Buildings Built-Up Shingles (Not Wood) Metal Surfacing Synthetic or Rubber Roofing Slate or Tile Concrete Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.4 2.6 1.7 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ........... 4,806 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 7.7 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 772 369 265 124 55 41 12 5 927 250 137 49 11 5 1 Q 648 209 122 39 11 8 Q Q 140 79 75 39 30 11 10 2 75 38 25 12 4 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 3 2 1 108 29 15 11 Q Q Q Q 11.5 11.6 12.9 17.0 20.4 22.5 22.7 36.9 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 127 62 109 25 56 490 279 Q 62 20 37 219 16 138 68 29 77 19 66 285 258 Q 107 Q 256 113 Q 70 34 Q 29 Q Q 330 63 Q 44 Q 29 362 24 75 41 Q 20 6 9 102 85 Q 26 8 Q 36 12 20 16 Q Q Q 10 Q 34 Q 18 Q 25 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 7 Q Q Q Q Q Q 14 Q Q Q Q 44 28 Q 19 Q Q Q Q Q 20.0 32.9 22.2 37.8 24.3 11.3 14.5 24.8 19.6 34.2 21.3 16.0 36.4 20.1 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 53 93 294 375 328 287 195 17 56 93 222 269 206 285 217 33 Q Q 75 99 146 285 345 50 20 26 62 79 55 59 67 17 17 14 33 25 22 Q 22 Q Q Q Q Q 6 7 12 1 Q Q 33 27 20 40 27 Q 25.7 22.8 16.1 15.9 14.7 13.4 14.2 27.7 771 1,202 1,963 870 226 346 665 405 278 369 532 202 106 269 537 126 100 152 98 35 40 23 45 47 2 5 20 9 19 38 65 46 14.5 14.6 12.7 19.0 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 1,596 1,042 169 40 11 55 29 1,347 755 190 10 Q 137 50 947 404 85 11 Q 112 59 378 267 73 14 6 14 Q 153 87 22 13 Q Q Q 35 17 2 Q Q Q Q 160 92 16 Q Q Q Q 7.6 9.2 18.3 26.9 36.0 25.6 25.8 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 1,489 1,319 1,284 285 50 1,246 1,025 1,044 232 18 763 576 554 74 36 368 318 328 80 13 140 113 136 22 Q 22 27 20 7 Q 150 124 135 33 Q 7.6 8.3 8.0 13.3 28.7 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 87 Table A15. Predominant Roof Material, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Buildings by Roof Material Building Characteristics All Buildings Built-Up Shingles (Not Wood) Metal Surfacing Synthetic or Rubber Roofing Slate or Tile Concrete Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.4 2.6 1.7 Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ........................................... Siding or Shingles ............................ Metal Panels .................................... Concrete Panels .............................. Window Glass .................................. Other ................................................ Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ........................................ 26 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 75 ............................................ 76 to 100 .......................................... Building Shape Square ............................................. Rectangle ......................................... Rectangle or Square with Courtyard ......................................... Right Angle ...................................... Other ................................................ Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................... Owner Occupied ............................ Nonowner Occupied ...................... Unoccupied .................................... Government Owned ......................... Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ................. Wall Insulation ................................. Storm or Multiple Glazing ................ Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ................................................ Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ....................................... Windows that Open ......................... HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System ............ Economizer Cycle ............................ HVAC Maintenance ......................... Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ......................... Natural Lighting Control Sensors ............................................ Occupancy Sensors ......................... Time Clock ....................................... Manual Dimmer Switches ................ Other ................................................ 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 1,470 68 29 46 18 11 865 448 39 6 Q Q 209 136 660 17 Q Q 318 39 5 12 8 Q 124 30 Q Q Q Q 32 Q Q 4 Q Q 97 42 Q Q Q Q 8.7 17.2 24.1 27.9 46.5 52.8 4,193 490 94 29 1,369 222 39 13 1,231 115 31 Q 1,003 30 Q Q 302 67 13 3 115 34 Q Q 33 2 Q Q 139 21 Q Q 8.0 14.1 30.2 40.4 280 3,659 48 333 485 121 1,213 22 112 174 61 1,027 Q 120 164 54 884 Q 41 53 27 271 Q 35 47 Q 111 Q Q 26 1 30 Q Q Q Q 124 Q 15 18 20.6 8.6 44.2 17.0 15.8 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 1,427 958 392 76 216 1,264 1,059 164 41 118 921 697 165 59 116 298 234 55 Q 88 131 104 22 Q 24 30 21 7 Q 7 137 119 13 Q 30 8.0 8.7 15.5 23.7 15.6 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 1,120 611 465 445 720 599 1,010 745 614 278 547 822 682 609 254 147 258 352 291 176 200 121 196 156 106 73 74 30 73 92 18 11 6 12 5 10 116 94 68 36 54 89 8.2 9.6 10.8 12.8 10.6 10.4 250 414 2,503 109 166 960 49 83 677 22 51 384 43 75 265 16 16 105 Q 4 17 7 20 95 18.7 16.6 9.3 574 74 59 339 413 78 197 31 29 164 129 30 131 20 Q 81 155 16 137 Q Q 30 32 Q 63 4 10 34 52 14 20 Q Q 13 24 Q Q Q 3 23 Q Q 12 19 Q 15.7 32.0 28.7 18.2 17.0 31.8 5 Q Q See footnotes at end of table. 88 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A15. Predominant Roof Material, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Buildings by Roof Material Building Characteristics All Buildings Built-Up Shingles (Not Wood) Metal Surfacing Synthetic or Rubber Roofing Slate or Tile Concrete Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.4 2.6 1.7 Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............. Building Shell ................................... HVAC ............................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program .................... HVAC Program ................................ Lighting Program ............................. Other DSM Programs ...................... 4,357 4,223 2,604 1,178 264 1,512 1,449 998 426 78 1,281 1,266 712 327 79 853 821 401 196 44 373 363 270 124 35 149 146 107 50 10 32 25 17 9 Q 157 152 98 45 14 8.0 8.1 9.1 10.6 19.8 36 154 228 110 8 66 80 43 Q 24 58 20 Q 26 27 17 6 23 37 19 Q 6 12 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 12 Q 41.3 22.3 20.1 29.0 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 89 Table A16. Predominant Roof Material, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Roof Material Building Characteristics Total Floorspace or All Buildings Built-Up Shingles (Not Wood) Metal Surfacing Synthetic or Rubber Roofing Slate or Tile Concrete Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.5 2.3 1.6 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 67,876 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 8.6 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 2,170 2,752 4,357 4,407 3,873 5,456 3,446 3,796 2,463 1,791 2,149 1,797 777 648 466 Q 1,776 1,569 1,899 1,391 781 1,082 Q Q 391 592 1,258 1,451 2,013 1,557 2,912 1,528 215 275 357 445 275 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 499 486 1,001 284 203 234 379 (*) Q Q Q 11.9 11.5 12.5 17.0 19.5 22.5 22.8 33.7 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 4,272 375 590 1,062 1,191 5,898 5,525 Q 2,138 362 636 5,409 378 2,055 746 161 436 123 782 1,569 1,891 Q 864 Q 2,128 911 Q 686 403 Q 96 Q Q 2,093 934 Q 588 Q 159 3,569 302 615 2,322 Q 207 507 538 2,126 2,995 Q 597 (*) Q 1,105 255 519 364 Q Q Q 225 Q 269 Q 183 Q 580 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 255 1,136 Q Q Q Q Q Q 254 Q Q Q Q 286 450 Q 129 Q Q Q Q Q 19.6 34.3 27.2 29.0 27.7 17.0 16.8 29.3 31.5 48.9 26.6 19.2 34.6 30.0 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 565 1,430 3,996 5,716 6,568 5,907 5,376 699 523 926 1,777 1,834 1,570 2,142 1,593 206 Q Q 783 764 1,520 2,224 3,027 464 238 710 1,262 1,436 2,139 2,545 2,504 868 219 289 586 260 247 Q 206 Q Q Q Q Q Q 751 960 159 Q Q 132 310 223 293 620 Q 29.0 30.4 20.6 18.1 19.5 14.3 17.4 21.4 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 4,889 6,375 11,653 7,341 2,434 3,213 3,168 1,755 853 2,064 5,098 1,004 3,757 4,318 2,615 1,012 526 385 577 511 556 Q 917 506 384 361 551 490 17.6 14.5 14.9 17.1 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 29,764 21,299 5,791 2,413 969 1,068 724 10,321 6,515 1,684 459 Q 699 281 8,639 4,313 675 329 Q 858 269 11,595 9,387 3,760 1,477 626 403 Q 1,990 1,309 309 400 Q Q Q 2,505 1,152 680 Q Q Q Q 1,735 1,122 319 Q Q Q Q 8.8 10.5 16.9 27.0 35.9 27.8 33.2 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 28,271 26,404 27,321 11,267 1,712 9,764 8,606 8,942 2,927 185 7,121 6,077 5,991 1,153 651 11,541 10,893 11,207 6,039 444 1,863 1,608 1,889 675 Q 1,741 1,909 1,538 570 Q 1,695 1,544 1,591 435 Q 9.2 9.6 9.4 16.0 29.4 See footnotes at end of table. 90 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A16. Predominant Roof Material, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Roof Material Building Characteristics Total Floorspace or All Buildings Built-Up Shingles (Not Wood) Metal Surfacing Synthetic or Rubber Roofing Slate or Tile Concrete Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.5 2.3 1.6 Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ......................................... Siding or Shingles .......................... Metal Panels .................................. Concrete Panels ............................. Window Glass ................................ Other .............................................. Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Building Shape Square ............................................ Rectangle ....................................... Rectangle or Square with Courtyard ....................................... Right Angle ..................................... Other .............................................. Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ............... Wall Insulation ................................ Storm or Multiple Glazing ............... Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass .............................................. Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ..................................... Windows that Open ........................ HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System .......... Economizer Cycle .......................... HVAC Maintenance ........................ Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors .......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches .............. Other .............................................. 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 24,929 507 1,097 2,417 768 540 7,856 2,011 191 190 Q Q 2,162 787 5,512 385 Q Q 8,832 187 345 1,498 675 165 1,801 167 Q Q Q Q 1,952 Q Q 346 Q Q 1,054 206 Q Q Q Q 10.7 17.4 24.1 28.1 31.0 53.3 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 22,455 5,461 1,664 677 8,542 1,424 361 Q 8,623 302 Q Q 7,245 3,155 895 407 1,361 503 Q Q 1,782 590 Q Q 1,349 379 Q Q 9.8 18.0 25.3 31.3 3,654 39,233 1,372 6,071 17,547 1,656 16,439 827 2,587 8,749 439 6,248 Q 1,383 2,347 402 7,141 Q 684 776 785 5,664 Q 1,170 3,941 Q 1,042 Q Q 744 Q 1,623 Q Q 553 Q 1,076 Q 150 437 24.2 9.8 36.0 23.0 17.1 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 23,928 15,568 7,450 910 6,329 9,166 7,642 1,212 313 1,404 7,817 6,013 1,412 392 1,203 7,271 5,401 1,647 Q 4,431 1,546 1,352 147 Q 452 1,638 1,335 147 Q 906 1,387 1,091 258 Q 399 9.1 9.3 18.4 28.3 17.6 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 22,615 14,028 12,010 12,851 17,415 11,974 7,342 5,003 5,134 2,704 4,411 6,324 6,327 5,663 2,836 1,838 2,793 2,704 10,107 6,061 7,150 6,000 7,138 5,301 1,380 806 1,094 604 1,154 1,351 1,105 583 661 767 420 550 1,435 1,097 800 632 741 733 9.5 11.0 12.3 14.5 11.1 12.0 13,970 18,313 49,173 6,851 8,630 22,887 879 1,381 6,655 534 918 4,517 4,298 6,021 10,465 513 356 1,654 533 506 1,617 363 500 1,378 21.7 18.3 10.2 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 6,933 1,491 1,932 6,637 5,238 1,254 1,734 197 Q 818 1,993 209 1,723 Q Q 544 432 Q 3,627 756 1,229 2,770 3,531 684 341 Q Q 219 531 Q 556 303 Q 792 153 Q 328 Q Q 325 452 Q 15.8 25.5 23.3 20.8 17.1 27.4 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 91 Table A16. Predominant Roof Material, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Roof Material Building Characteristics Total Floorspace or All Buildings Built-Up Shingles (Not Wood) Metal Surfacing Synthetic or Rubber Roofing Slate or Tile Concrete Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.5 2.3 1.6 Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............ Building Shell ................................. HVAC ............................................. Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program ................... HVAC Program .............................. Lighting Program ............................ Other DSM Programs ..................... 64,403 62,056 50,281 29,453 5,952 29,187 28,249 23,371 13,917 2,639 10,018 9,880 6,932 3,841 733 7,593 7,310 4,652 2,299 600 11,560 11,420 10,631 6,340 1,307 1,961 1,924 1,690 861 228 2,337 1,558 1,621 1,296 Q 1,747 1,715 1,384 900 136 8.8 8.9 10.0 11.9 19.2 1,079 6,370 8,805 6,176 341 3,217 3,760 2,633 Q 412 918 472 Q 453 387 358 492 1,864 3,179 2,382 Q 131 235 Q Q Q 184 Q Q Q 142 Q 32.3 21.9 20.5 27.7 (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 92 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A17. Employment Size Category, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Buildings by Number of Workers Building Characteristics All Buildings Less than 5 Workers 5 to 9 Workers 10 to 19 Workers 20 to 49 Workers 50 to 99 Workers 100 to 249 Workers 250 or More Workers RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 4,806 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 5.9 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 1,968 460 204 60 12 8 3 Q 514 218 115 37 8 3 Q Q 160 195 144 43 10 7 Q Q 34 94 153 84 28 10 2 Q Q Q 25 41 32 16 3 Q Q Q Q 13 18 18 7 1 Q Q Q Q 7 9 9 4 10.1 8.5 9.3 13.8 15.7 21.0 19.3 26.0 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 88 91 98 Q 98 765 199 17 180 28 254 563 42 280 51 Q 85 Q 18 272 203 Q 46 Q 46 91 Q 13 58 Q 54 Q 12 124 138 Q 29 Q 39 58 Q 21 68 Q 20 11 18 75 122 Q 11 Q 20 33 7 Q 25 Q Q Q 5 23 39 Q 9 Q Q 10 Q Q 11 Q Q 2 Q 9 26 Q Q Q Q 4 Q Q Q Q Q 3 Q 3 21 Q Q Q Q 1 (*) Q 13.6 21.0 17.4 23.3 22.5 11.2 10.2 38.8 17.8 30.7 18.2 15.6 30.1 20.6 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 93 157 476 501 431 514 469 77 41 39 122 176 131 208 162 16 14 36 63 94 101 130 109 15 14 13 46 80 78 80 84 10 Q Q 10 20 23 28 32 5 Q 3 4 7 11 16 20 3 Q Q 3 2 8 6 8 2 23.8 21.1 15.0 13.6 12.2 11.0 11.0 25.8 771 1,202 1,963 870 404 721 1,180 412 148 218 341 189 95 122 222 122 77 87 147 94 29 31 43 27 10 17 20 17 7 6 9 9 12.2 11.6 10.0 14.3 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 2,530 1,266 304 22 Q 215 119 895 560 94 14 Q 64 Q 560 383 67 22 10 33 Q 405 300 43 17 5 16 Q 130 87 21 10 3 5 Q 64 48 15 4 2 4 Q 31 22 14 7 3 Q Q 5.8 7.1 14.8 20.0 27.9 22.7 18.6 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 2,154 1,623 1,609 260 42 861 781 777 155 20 540 502 512 126 23 401 384 384 105 27 128 118 126 43 6 64 63 62 26 3 30 31 31 18 1 5.9 6.0 6.0 9.9 23.2 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 93 Table A17. Employment Size Category, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Buildings by Number of Workers Building Characteristics All Buildings Less than 5 Workers 5 to 9 Workers 10 to 19 Workers 20 to 49 Workers 50 to 99 Workers 100 to 249 Workers 250 or More Workers RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 Floors One ................................................ Two ................................................ Three .............................................. Four to Nine ................................... Ten or More .................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months 1-50 Percent ................................... 51-99 Percent ................................. 100 Percent .................................... None ............................................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters ............... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 1,922 553 193 49 Q 555 230 79 31 Q 290 181 57 33 Q 175 128 74 26 Q 47 40 25 17 Q 14 18 12 18 2 3 4 5 11 8 10.0 9.9 13.6 17.9 20.4 4,193 490 94 29 2,510 168 29 Q 774 105 14 Q 451 95 11 Q 314 68 21 Q 91 28 8 Q 39 17 5 3 14 9 5 3 6.8 11.2 23.8 26.9 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 843 616 517 281 242 218 89 282 225 167 87 44 65 185 124 88 70 31 27 135 87 67 48 41 12 41 27 21 18 11 Q 13 15 14 11 10 Q 6 8 7 3 7 15.1 10.8 10.7 11.2 15.0 14.0 362 97 398 3,948 120 68 335 2,195 64 10 31 791 65 Q 21 468 60 5 7 332 23 3 Q 101 16 Q Q 44 13 Q Q 17 12.5 25.0 21.3 6.7 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 2,465 1,856 419 191 253 792 628 162 Q 103 469 356 110 Q 93 312 232 79 Q 92 98 70 27 Q 32 46 33 13 Q 18 25 18 7 Q 7 6.3 7.3 11.2 15.8 11.7 653 688 618 2,846 586 442 265 1,424 36 127 154 578 23 69 100 370 Q 35 63 303 Q 9 18 101 Q 4 10 49 Q 1 8 22 17.4 14.6 13.0 6.5 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 1,096 582 251 790 115 268 143 369 60 162 114 226 20 113 92 179 12 37 26 55 Q 12 18 33 Q 1 14 15 15.0 10.7 11.0 8.5 413 881 813 2,699 407 665 352 1,294 Q 136 180 577 Q 49 128 381 Q 20 103 281 Q 7 27 96 Q Q 14 47 Q Q 8 24 15.0 13.8 10.7 6.8 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 199 912 846 22 211 305 Q 96 407 281 14 119 188 Q 59 210 158 21 95 169 Q 61 120 113 16 111 133 Q 17 30 41 10 43 46 Q 10 10 17 4 29 21 Q 6 3 9 7 15 8 1 14.9 10.6 10.0 20.3 10.1 10.9 37.4 See footnotes at end of table. 94 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A17. Employment Size Category, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Buildings by Number of Workers Building Characteristics All Buildings Less than 5 Workers 5 to 9 Workers 10 to 19 Workers 20 to 49 Workers 50 to 99 Workers 100 to 249 Workers 250 or More Workers RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners ................................... Heat Pumps ................................... Individual Air Conditioners ............. District Chilled Water ...................... Central Chillers ............................... Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ............................................... Swamp Coolers .............................. Other .............................................. Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent .................................. Standard Fluorescent ..................... Compact Fluorescent ..................... High-Intensity Discharge ................ Other .............................................. Personal Computers and/or Computer Terminals 1 to 4 .............................................. 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors .......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches .............. Other .............................................. Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ........................................... Cooling ........................................... Hot Water ....................................... Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program ................... HVAC Program .............................. Lighting Program ............................ Other DSM Programs ..................... 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 380 202 574 Q 24 512 83 Q 208 92 194 Q 9 351 52 Q 130 61 121 10 15 263 22 Q 75 65 85 5 33 205 12 Q 14 16 32 3 24 77 Q Q 8 11 12 2 19 34 Q Q 2 6 5 3 18 16 Q Q 14.6 14.7 11.1 27.9 17.1 8.4 31.3 82.0 2,509 4,065 206 354 78 1,323 2,066 79 122 31 491 848 34 62 15 339 530 25 55 Q 217 400 28 52 Q 78 126 16 34 Q 40 64 15 19 Q 21 31 10 9 2 7.2 5.7 14.7 11.0 29.4 1,269 336 216 164 59 34 19 565 16 11 Q Q Q Q 388 114 23 Q Q Q Q 196 109 68 22 Q Q Q 101 77 92 80 13 Q Q 18 14 16 35 24 7 Q Q 5 5 15 17 14 4 Q Q Q 2 4 9 14 8.9 15.9 16.6 15.6 17.3 17.3 20.4 574 74 59 339 413 78 215 34 Q 111 166 26 111 12 Q 63 81 Q 106 Q Q 65 62 Q 83 5 8 50 54 14 29 7 6 24 23 8 17 3 8 15 15 4 13 2 5 11 12 3 11.5 23.2 22.4 13.2 12.4 23.8 3,400 2,872 578 4,089 547 1,733 1,336 268 2,170 236 734 659 110 841 139 448 413 90 521 91 318 305 63 362 49 99 92 30 117 19 47 46 11 54 8 21 22 6 25 5 6.6 6.5 12.3 6.1 15.8 36 154 228 110 Q 51 74 28 Q 25 50 26 Q 25 26 14 Q 22 38 13 Q 13 20 13 Q 10 13 8 1 7 7 7 32.5 16.8 15.4 20.2 (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 95 Table A18. Employment Size Category, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Number of Workers Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings Less than 5 Workers 5 to 9 Workers 10 to 19 Workers 20 to 49 Workers 50 to 99 Workers 100 to 249 Workers 250 or More Workers RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.2 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 67,876 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 7.4 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 5,095 3,329 3,053 2,107 910 1,044 1,020 Q 1,554 1,612 1,801 1,348 595 444 Q Q 537 1,446 2,323 1,538 643 922 Q Q 120 757 2,608 3,049 1,899 1,367 628 Q Q Q 450 1,445 2,151 2,122 850 Q Q Q Q 517 1,303 2,550 2,139 744 Q Q Q Q 561 1,229 2,812 3,951 10.5 8.2 9.2 14.0 15.5 20.9 19.8 25.8 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 481 310 338 Q 764 3,000 861 874 2,194 151 1,989 3,846 160 2,938 448 Q 438 Q 332 1,927 994 Q 495 Q 649 1,446 Q 230 738 Q 414 Q 220 1,550 1,048 Q 712 Q 540 1,813 Q 367 2,533 Q 252 162 646 1,750 1,952 Q 335 Q 428 1,825 165 Q 2,213 Q Q Q 449 1,246 1,326 Q 334 Q Q 1,135 Q Q 1,874 Q Q 294 Q 1,188 1,603 Q Q Q Q 1,051 Q Q Q Q Q 1,040 Q 1,740 4,535 Q Q Q Q 368 162 Q 15.2 23.8 20.6 22.7 23.2 14.7 12.2 38.0 30.0 30.9 22.1 19.2 27.8 21.4 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 692 993 3,053 2,922 2,807 3,165 3,795 516 444 453 1,211 1,236 1,227 1,577 1,226 152 167 612 933 1,611 1,211 1,812 1,531 201 151 355 1,105 2,204 2,180 2,088 2,075 399 Q Q 1,023 1,222 1,685 1,424 1,464 301 Q 476 484 719 1,369 1,895 2,069 349 Q Q 904 507 2,133 2,053 2,127 585 25.2 25.0 19.3 15.9 15.3 12.5 14.3 23.2 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 2,708 4,747 7,676 2,813 1,328 1,867 3,013 1,316 1,367 1,871 3,266 1,573 2,014 2,521 3,818 2,204 1,899 2,002 2,286 1,577 1,378 2,467 1,984 1,549 2,707 1,805 2,535 1,586 14.9 12.2 12.6 13.6 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 16,640 8,079 1,793 410 Q 929 514 7,524 4,494 786 321 Q 510 Q 8,054 5,484 884 494 193 402 Q 10,556 8,357 1,094 518 191 445 Q 7,763 5,982 1,487 806 327 384 Q 7,378 6,076 2,314 674 192 484 Q 8,633 6,625 4,860 2,115 868 Q Q 7.5 8.1 13.6 22.2 28.9 21.6 22.2 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 13,604 10,719 11,207 2,678 334 7,075 6,249 6,432 1,326 256 7,528 6,954 7,089 1,719 384 10,440 9,990 10,215 3,419 916 7,652 7,313 7,644 3,424 395 7,323 7,195 7,278 3,998 561 8,374 8,621 8,613 6,502 328 7.5 7.7 7.8 13.7 25.1 See footnotes at end of table. 96 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A18. Employment Size Category, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Number of Workers Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings Less than 5 Workers 5 to 9 Workers 10 to 19 Workers 20 to 49 Workers 50 to 99 Workers 100 to 249 Workers 250 or More Workers RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.2 Floors One ................................................ Two ................................................ Three .............................................. Four to Nine ................................... Ten or More .................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months 1-50 Percent ................................... 51-99 Percent ................................. 100 Percent .................................... None ............................................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters ............... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 10,122 4,222 1,728 1,514 Q 3,676 2,148 909 790 Q 3,239 2,577 993 1,254 Q 4,273 3,025 2,173 956 Q 2,394 2,492 1,525 1,241 Q 1,165 2,318 1,486 2,070 338 556 1,242 1,064 2,553 3,219 12.0 12.2 14.7 18.8 21.7 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 15,935 1,662 189 Q 6,430 893 199 Q 6,760 1,118 142 Q 8,155 1,907 427 Q 5,497 1,628 502 Q 4,677 2,059 424 218 3,903 2,549 1,323 859 8.7 13.3 23.5 28.4 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 5,524 3,347 3,047 1,743 1,470 2,812 636 2,032 2,284 1,266 677 629 637 2,496 1,947 1,120 1,061 816 663 3,148 2,033 1,956 1,365 1,391 598 1,859 1,386 1,786 1,161 973 Q 1,112 1,615 1,695 1,362 1,428 Q 1,004 1,733 2,495 1,369 2,009 17.7 12.4 12.3 14.1 17.4 21.6 12,420 2,263 4,109 49,085 1,041 521 3,052 13,331 634 239 280 6,372 1,213 Q 228 6,502 1,435 376 196 8,550 1,296 Q Q 5,981 2,150 Q Q 4,682 4,651 256 59 3,667 14.9 30.4 23.3 8.3 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 15,976 10,973 3,044 1,959 1,968 6,524 5,015 1,486 Q 1,000 6,412 4,933 1,437 Q 1,665 7,501 5,586 1,880 Q 3,056 5,132 3,584 1,549 Q 2,631 4,593 3,110 1,472 Q 2,785 6,614 5,202 1,405 Q 2,019 8.4 8.3 16.1 16.9 15.1 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 4,578 3,678 1,318 8,371 455 1,659 1,265 4,146 Q 1,992 1,247 4,286 Q 1,350 1,801 7,206 Q 1,123 1,200 5,329 Q 486 1,425 5,412 Q 907 1,956 5,511 22.5 19.4 13.9 8.0 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 7,225 4,650 1,249 4,820 1,276 3,132 1,056 2,061 1,123 3,447 1,287 2,221 566 4,190 2,391 3,410 450 3,265 1,497 2,551 Q 2,228 2,007 2,960 Q 804 4,386 3,430 19.3 13.4 12.3 10.8 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 3,185 4,775 2,779 7,205 Q 1,914 1,518 4,086 Q 1,433 1,604 4,986 Q 806 2,723 6,994 Q 578 1,496 5,689 Q Q 2,007 5,072 Q Q 2,097 6,361 15.0 17.9 15.2 8.2 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 1,219 4,981 5,455 396 2,755 1,694 Q 812 2,917 2,569 314 1,516 1,372 Q 938 2,488 2,655 487 1,831 1,992 Q 1,408 2,590 3,314 500 3,784 3,380 Q 1,161 2,133 2,638 785 2,882 2,406 Q 1,327 800 2,610 674 3,911 2,689 Q 1,404 1,001 3,138 2,070 3,984 2,466 186 15.9 13.2 11.6 22.6 13.2 12.4 32.4 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 97 Table A18. Employment Size Category, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Number of Workers Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings Less than 5 Workers 5 to 9 Workers 10 to 19 Workers 20 to 49 Workers 50 to 99 Workers 100 to 249 Workers 250 or More Workers RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.2 Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .............................. Heat Pumps ................................... Individual Air Conditioners ............. District Chilled Water ...................... Central Chillers ............................... Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ............................................... Swamp Coolers .............................. Other .............................................. Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent .................................. Standard Fluorescent ..................... Compact Fluorescent ..................... High-Intensity Discharge ................ Other .............................................. Personal Computers and/or Computer Terminals 1 to 4 .............................................. 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors .......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches .............. Other .............................................. Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ........................................... Cooling ........................................... Hot Water ....................................... Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program ................... HVAC Program .............................. Lighting Program ............................ Other DSM Programs ..................... 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 2,114 1,272 4,095 Q Q 3,619 368 Q 1,399 818 2,143 Q 182 2,612 239 Q 1,546 898 2,301 193 355 3,389 296 Q 1,596 1,454 2,807 191 1,320 5,525 374 Q 861 1,140 2,678 327 1,730 4,500 Q Q 594 1,405 1,950 192 2,688 3,770 Q Q 910 1,420 2,004 868 5,397 4,414 Q Q 14.0 15.1 15.5 28.9 15.4 8.9 32.5 72.3 39,221 62,074 8,336 17,570 1,612 8,540 13,520 714 1,777 270 4,231 7,100 381 1,174 251 4,618 7,490 376 1,624 Q 5,703 10,414 886 2,685 Q 4,648 7,646 1,089 2,920 Q 4,910 7,334 1,405 3,280 Q 6,571 8,570 3,485 4,111 512 8.1 7.4 18.0 14.1 35.3 13,355 5,970 6,236 7,439 4,908 4,220 5,569 3,868 175 225 Q Q Q Q 3,496 735 298 Q Q Q Q 2,789 1,550 935 360 Q Q Q 2,192 2,075 2,622 2,293 483 Q Q 858 876 914 2,203 1,563 561 Q Q 379 704 1,750 2,194 1,628 424 Q Q Q 555 621 1,818 4,876 11.4 16.2 20.0 17.1 18.1 16.7 21.0 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 1,661 444 Q Q 1,530 217 1,289 137 Q 679 842 Q 1,924 Q Q 1,015 923 Q 2,519 307 347 1,277 1,190 456 1,673 335 382 1,238 1,377 455 2,030 637 1,064 1,771 2,313 467 4,145 1,039 1,587 4,134 4,155 728 13.0 22.1 21.0 15.4 14.4 20.7 46,248 42,768 9,966 54,944 7,996 9,628 7,658 1,602 12,716 1,151 5,842 5,193 904 6,833 1,055 5,649 5,169 1,216 7,168 1,067 8,030 7,747 1,724 9,110 1,235 6,026 5,799 1,366 6,733 1,234 5,194 5,108 1,363 5,861 1,054 5,878 6,095 1,791 6,523 1,199 7.5 7.8 13.3 7.3 17.2 1,079 6,370 8,805 6,176 Q 490 845 355 Q 352 432 295 Q 308 283 181 Q 672 1,276 548 Q 1,038 1,408 967 Q 1,404 1,794 1,230 348 2,106 2,768 2,600 28.9 18.0 16.9 23.5 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 98 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A19. Weekly Operating Hours, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Buildings by Weekly Operating Hours Building Characteristics All Buildings 39 or Fewer Hours 40 to 48 Hours 49 to 60 Hours 61 to 84 Hours 85 to 167 Hours Open Continuously RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 4,806 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 5.4 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 688 188 107 37 14 Q 2 Q 687 293 183 70 25 16 4 (*) 519 216 156 71 20 17 4 1 324 146 87 41 24 16 4 2 281 69 64 31 17 10 5 1 182 62 50 31 15 9 8 Q 7.9 9.0 9.8 12.2 15.0 17.2 19.9 28.3 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 63 Q Q Q Q 66 46 Q 113 Q 284 193 Q 227 127 Q 20 24 Q 317 414 Q 40 Q 22 243 13 42 53 Q Q 18 Q 448 175 Q 35 Q 26 181 10 23 45 28 62 Q Q 287 63 Q 43 Q 22 64 Q 11 11 69 137 Q Q 117 30 Q 41 Q Q 33 Q Q Q 23 Q 11 137 37 20 6 Q 39 Q 47 17 Q 14.7 20.3 15.7 24.7 12.7 10.3 12.6 32.7 14.4 22.0 17.6 12.9 28.4 19.5 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 57 75 185 219 150 196 132 24 43 71 208 245 188 244 249 30 22 52 137 192 171 211 183 34 17 23 100 82 106 154 145 18 22 21 61 88 86 99 91 10 Q 13 34 53 82 77 83 12 21.3 18.4 12.7 10.1 10.6 9.8 10.5 25.8 771 1,202 1,963 870 123 314 486 116 191 294 541 252 184 231 395 193 129 170 220 127 83 127 167 101 61 65 154 82 12.6 10.6 8.9 14.4 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 889 407 119 11 Q 94 31 1,270 753 146 34 8 59 54 992 599 131 16 4 69 35 641 404 77 9 4 44 Q 475 299 41 7 Q 46 Q 349 202 44 19 5 26 18 5.3 6.8 14.6 21.4 32.6 18.9 20.5 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 725 513 507 116 Q 1,186 1,007 979 89 46 920 786 764 83 34 603 528 518 149 19 436 405 435 218 7 307 262 300 78 6 5.5 5.9 5.7 10.3 23.6 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 99 Table A19. Weekly Operating Hours, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Buildings by Weekly Operating Hours Building Characteristics All Buildings 39 or Fewer Hours 40 to 48 Hours 49 to 60 Hours 61 to 84 Hours 85 to 167 Hours Open Continuously RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters ............... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .............................. Heat Pumps ................................... Individual Air Conditioners ............. District Chilled Water ...................... Central Chillers ............................... Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ............................................... Swamp Coolers .............................. Other .............................................. Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent .................................. Standard Fluorescent ..................... Compact Fluorescent ..................... High-Intensity Discharge ................ Other .............................................. 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 843 89 65 27 12 Q Q 616 282 185 135 41 13 6 517 225 124 87 27 15 8 281 167 88 67 21 14 7 242 87 70 48 18 11 3 218 44 31 41 11 10 7 7.7 9.8 11.8 12.0 16.0 15.7 19.1 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 917 646 99 173 122 1,036 787 241 Q 242 934 723 201 Q 69 577 437 138 Q 68 450 354 96 Q 28 292 245 43 Q 70 5.7 6.4 10.7 12.9 12.0 653 688 618 2,846 323 109 78 528 100 215 164 799 87 182 152 583 43 89 105 407 43 60 81 294 56 33 38 235 14.9 11.8 11.6 6.3 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 526 127 80 306 271 341 184 482 217 346 133 307 116 197 102 230 73 106 99 200 100 59 60 142 10.4 8.7 10.7 8.3 413 881 813 2,699 332 172 126 408 Q 261 245 759 29 192 187 595 Q 108 124 402 Q 91 79 301 18 58 51 234 17.5 10.1 9.1 6.9 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 52 333 257 9 96 104 Q 150 474 401 34 165 240 Q 101 402 357 16 133 170 Q 54 226 201 9 103 158 Q 49 173 117 7 60 140 Q 44 84 130 19 67 58 Q 15.0 8.4 8.6 21.7 9.2 10.4 39.8 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 139 50 156 Q 13 188 Q Q 268 151 286 8 42 381 55 Q 189 103 241 4 20 313 43 Q 104 57 151 4 30 259 15 Q 73 49 82 Q 15 216 37 Q 43 44 108 5 21 101 8 Q 12.3 15.0 9.4 32.6 16.1 8.3 28.1 76.9 2,509 4,065 206 354 78 496 618 13 30 Q 633 1,182 45 109 26 489 942 46 88 22 334 597 44 50 11 322 437 29 43 11 234 290 30 33 Q 6.7 5.2 17.4 12.3 27.5 See footnotes at end of table. 100 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A19. Weekly Operating Hours, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Buildings by Weekly Operating Hours Building Characteristics All Buildings 39 or Fewer Hours 40 to 48 Hours 49 to 60 Hours 61 to 84 Hours 85 to 167 Hours Open Continuously RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors .......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches .............. Other .............................................. Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ........................................... Cooling ........................................... Hot Water ....................................... Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program ................... HVAC Program .............................. Lighting Program ............................ Other DSM Programs ..................... 574 74 59 339 413 78 62 Q Q 35 76 Q 180 18 20 76 82 24 138 7 11 77 69 17 84 9 10 59 66 13 56 17 9 53 75 12 54 19 6 38 44 7 12.3 25.9 25.7 14.8 12.4 26.0 3,400 2,872 578 4,089 547 656 485 144 809 57 1,044 884 152 1,247 160 824 700 113 968 157 535 471 89 621 99 340 333 80 444 74 Q Q Q Q Q 5.7 6.1 10.7 5.3 13.3 36 154 228 110 Q 19 18 7 17 46 70 29 Q 26 41 13 6 25 38 19 Q 24 37 27 6 14 23 15 34.2 18.6 17.2 23.7 (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 101 Table A20. Weekly Operating Hours, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Weekly Operating Hours Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings 39 or Fewer Hours 40 to 48 Hours 49 to 60 Hours 61 to 84 Hours 85 to 167 Hours Open Continuously RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.3 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 67,876 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 6.8 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 1,797 1,341 1,592 1,309 1,007 Q 418 Q 1,904 2,186 2,994 2,553 1,698 2,254 1,178 230 1,430 1,610 2,549 2,536 1,440 2,278 1,188 1,016 926 1,098 1,408 1,443 1,769 2,152 1,238 2,028 772 492 1,022 1,151 1,132 1,390 1,480 1,027 498 472 810 1,077 1,015 1,371 2,387 2,427 8.1 9.1 9.8 12.4 14.6 17.4 19.9 29.0 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 1,221 Q Q Q Q 348 220 Q 817 Q 1,806 878 Q 2,756 2,761 Q 81 151 Q 1,657 4,635 Q 353 Q 349 3,964 279 601 1,447 Q Q 151 Q 3,299 4,037 Q 363 Q 647 3,273 290 267 1,607 149 334 Q Q 4,667 2,048 Q 871 Q 406 1,305 Q 372 1,333 372 862 Q Q 2,038 752 Q 978 Q Q 1,098 Q Q Q 200 Q 1,284 2,730 392 626 1,268 Q 619 Q 967 261 Q 14.3 21.7 19.0 22.8 15.6 15.0 14.4 35.8 21.6 29.6 21.1 15.1 27.0 24.7 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 385 927 1,564 1,570 1,320 1,455 849 176 484 883 2,045 2,877 2,617 2,614 2,923 554 363 803 2,013 2,640 2,371 2,476 2,720 661 147 356 1,393 1,072 2,692 2,778 3,210 415 272 402 780 1,117 1,910 2,248 1,465 273 Q 237 918 1,146 1,701 2,444 3,120 423 23.4 26.6 16.7 12.8 15.5 11.4 14.1 21.3 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 1,400 2,454 3,278 1,114 2,272 3,446 6,543 2,738 2,622 3,474 5,002 2,948 2,578 3,212 3,795 2,477 2,486 2,217 1,938 1,826 2,042 2,477 4,021 1,517 13.3 11.3 11.3 12.3 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 7,083 4,032 1,137 375 Q 522 176 14,952 9,529 2,448 807 312 532 323 14,020 9,575 2,473 1,059 357 674 292 12,028 9,141 2,320 702 178 533 Q 8,455 6,509 1,695 508 278 493 Q 10,011 6,311 3,145 1,888 724 639 240 6.8 7.8 12.2 22.8 29.8 19.6 27.0 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 6,000 4,632 5,005 1,828 Q 13,745 12,558 12,613 3,010 891 13,251 12,218 12,405 3,118 920 11,529 11,158 11,308 5,195 418 8,141 7,742 8,020 4,750 403 9,329 8,733 9,128 5,163 410 7.1 7.5 7.3 12.5 25.2 See footnotes at end of table. 102 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A20. Weekly Operating Hours, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Weekly Operating Hours Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings 39 or Fewer Hours 40 to 48 Hours 49 to 60 Hours 61 to 84 Hours 85 to 167 Hours Open Continuously RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.3 Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters ............... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .............................. Heat Pumps ................................... Individual Air Conditioners ............. District Chilled Water ...................... Central Chillers ............................... Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ............................................... Swamp Coolers .............................. Other .............................................. Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent .................................. Standard Fluorescent ..................... Compact Fluorescent ..................... High-Intensity Discharge ................ Other .............................................. 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 5,524 636 637 663 598 Q Q 3,347 2,032 2,496 3,148 1,859 1,112 1,004 3,047 2,284 1,947 2,033 1,386 1,615 1,733 1,743 1,266 1,120 1,956 1,786 1,695 2,495 1,470 677 1,061 1,365 1,161 1,362 1,369 2,812 629 816 1,391 973 1,428 2,009 13.4 13.1 15.7 12.7 18.4 18.8 17.9 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 6,161 3,827 535 1,798 2,085 11,030 8,209 2,704 Q 3,968 12,019 9,168 2,796 Q 2,027 10,020 7,033 2,950 Q 2,042 6,238 4,707 1,531 Q 2,229 7,284 5,459 Q Q 2,773 7.1 7.1 12.6 14.9 14.5 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 2,369 1,083 467 4,327 1,309 2,579 2,096 9,015 845 2,635 2,877 7,690 541 1,654 2,227 7,639 409 1,771 1,275 5,012 737 1,473 1,269 6,577 24.0 18.3 13.4 7.9 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 3,614 2,176 521 1,935 2,441 5,216 2,726 4,616 1,828 5,317 2,784 4,118 904 3,796 3,123 4,238 725 2,860 2,379 2,504 1,324 2,351 2,340 4,043 14.4 11.2 13.1 11.0 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 2,853 1,482 1,002 2,910 Q 2,803 2,993 9,094 129 2,242 3,107 8,568 Q 1,413 3,021 7,562 Q 1,267 1,760 5,406 88 774 2,342 6,853 20.7 15.3 14.3 8.4 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 353 2,241 2,076 332 1,829 784 Q 1,904 3,794 4,460 792 4,262 3,548 Q 1,852 4,053 5,593 1,051 4,104 3,166 Q 1,683 3,019 4,165 695 3,636 3,832 Q 900 2,682 2,717 504 2,639 2,932 Q 1,578 1,121 3,368 1,850 4,194 1,737 Q 16.2 11.2 10.7 23.3 11.9 12.6 34.7 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 912 374 1,767 Q 374 2,088 Q Q 2,481 1,916 3,649 312 2,013 5,989 494 Q 2,250 1,757 3,303 357 2,143 5,784 582 Q 1,329 1,810 2,838 178 3,212 5,879 287 Q 1,002 945 2,054 278 1,358 4,224 297 Q 1,046 1,604 4,368 724 3,891 3,866 309 Q 13.2 16.1 15.3 29.8 18.0 9.5 28.2 68.5 39,221 62,074 8,336 17,570 1,612 3,940 5,447 290 936 Q 8,138 13,833 1,126 2,914 320 8,364 13,398 1,626 3,545 318 7,105 11,710 1,795 3,559 367 5,692 8,266 1,556 3,148 Q 5,981 9,421 1,943 3,468 Q 7.6 7.0 16.5 12.3 29.1 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 103 Table A20. Weekly Operating Hours, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Floorspace by Weekly Operating Hours Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings 39 or Fewer Hours 40 to 48 Hours 49 to 60 Hours 61 to 84 Hours 85 to 167 Hours Open Continuously RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.3 Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors .......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches .............. Other .............................................. Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ........................................... Cooling ........................................... Hot Water ....................................... Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program ................... HVAC Program .............................. Lighting Program ............................ Other DSM Programs ..................... 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 756 Q Q 465 805 Q 2,951 391 757 1,502 1,594 491 3,117 336 701 2,314 2,398 574 3,048 788 553 3,054 2,427 565 2,637 532 777 2,150 2,442 375 2,732 917 804 2,620 2,664 499 12.5 22.2 21.8 17.3 13.6 21.1 46,248 42,768 9,966 54,944 7,996 5,241 4,078 1,500 6,324 695 11,764 10,698 2,409 14,685 1,877 12,021 11,114 2,356 13,832 2,284 10,403 10,219 2,277 11,916 2,062 6,819 6,660 1,425 8,187 1,078 Q Q Q Q Q 6.7 7.1 11.9 6.3 19.1 1,079 6,370 8,805 6,176 Q 336 469 170 221 971 1,315 740 Q 1,021 1,598 881 215 1,645 1,720 1,134 Q 1,016 2,056 1,882 312 1,381 1,647 1,368 29.6 17.1 15.5 19.1 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 104 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A21. Occupancy of Government-Owned Buildings, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Government-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: All Buildings All GovernmentOwned Buildings Federal State Local All GovernmentAll Owned Buildings Buildings Federal State Local RSE Row Factor 0.4 0.8 2.1 1.5 0.9 0.4 0.9 2.0 1.5 1.0 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... 4,806 599 51 117 431 67,876 15,124 1,189 3,766 10,170 9.2 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 258 114 108 53 34 21 10 2 25 Q 7 Q Q Q Q (*) 47 Q 24 14 7 5 3 Q 186 87 76 36 25 13 6 1 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 689 848 1,735 1,953 2,241 2,858 2,932 1,869 65 Q 114 Q Q Q Q 189 116 Q 391 508 508 613 885 632 508 662 1,230 1,344 1,653 1,859 1,866 1,047 13.0 13.8 14.3 16.5 12.1 16.7 20.7 30.4 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 201 Q 10 13 15 63 69 6 65 49 Q 59 16 34 Q Q Q Q Q 14 11 Q Q Q Q 3 Q Q 35 Q Q 4 8 Q 17 Q 12 Q Q Q Q Q 163 Q Q 8 Q 35 41 6 50 40 Q 47 Q 22 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 6,961 Q 157 521 370 1,082 1,654 729 1,353 767 Q 599 242 683 Q Q Q Q Q 278 448 Q Q Q Q 177 Q Q 1,198 Q Q 158 269 Q 528 Q 461 Q Q Q Q Q 5,727 Q Q 326 Q Q 679 Q 861 537 Q 362 Q Q 12.3 34.8 31.8 34.7 28.1 21.3 18.5 56.3 21.3 31.1 26.3 20.4 39.8 30.4 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 Q 29 80 129 125 117 87 26 Q Q 9 Q Q 9 9 Q Q Q 17 37 21 16 18 5 Q 18 55 83 100 93 59 20 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 Q 904 2,059 2,365 4,041 3,237 1,681 704 Q Q 218 Q Q 163 166 Q Q Q 676 516 816 796 408 206 Q 548 1,165 1,713 2,917 2,279 1,107 390 29.3 31.0 18.8 16.3 16.0 16.3 16.5 25.1 771 1,202 1,963 870 88 132 234 146 12 6 22 11 18 Q 34 37 58 98 179 97 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 3,422 4,153 5,097 2,452 107 268 547 Q 747 1,231 955 832 2,568 2,654 3,595 1,354 16.4 19.0 14.2 18.0 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 578 356 75 51 18 32 19 43 18 Q Q Q Q Q 116 74 13 24 7 Q Q 419 264 52 21 9 23 12 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 14,948 10,945 3,798 2,446 992 699 469 1,139 671 288 375 Q Q Q 3,748 2,800 940 1,153 449 Q Q 10,060 7,474 2,570 918 446 624 334 9.3 11.3 15.3 19.9 31.6 26.7 32.4 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 105 Table A21. Occupancy of Government-Owned Buildings, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Government-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: All Buildings All GovernmentOwned Buildings Federal State Local All GovernmentAll Owned Buildings Buildings Federal State Local RSE Row Factor 0.4 0.8 2.1 1.5 0.9 0.4 0.9 2.0 1.5 1.0 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating .......................................... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ............................... Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD .................. 5,500-7,000 HDD ......................... 4,000-5,499 HDD ......................... Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................ More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................ Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ......................................... Siding or Shingles .......................... Metal Panels .................................. Concrete Panels ............................. Window Glass ................................ Other .............................................. Predominant Roof Material Built-Up .......................................... Shingles (Not Wood) ...................... Metal Surfacing .............................. Synthetic or Rubber ....................... Slate or Tile .................................... Concrete ......................................... Other .............................................. Floors One ................................................ Two ................................................ Three .............................................. Four to Nine ................................... Ten or More .................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 537 422 449 117 12 42 31 40 Q Q 109 90 89 20 Q 386 301 320 94 Q 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 14,478 13,128 13,852 8,064 330 1,134 1,059 1,093 437 Q 3,650 3,328 3,575 1,813 Q 9,694 8,742 9,184 5,814 Q 9.4 10.3 9.6 14.5 32.1 399 1,134 1,077 1,101 1,095 46 133 114 162 144 Q 9 13 10 11 8 32 20 26 32 29 91 82 127 102 5,623 18,024 16,162 15,251 12,816 1,349 4,053 4,066 3,296 2,360 Q 431 336 213 148 524 981 968 909 384 763 2,641 2,762 2,175 1,828 27.9 19.9 21.9 24.1 19.2 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 408 90 75 13 9 Q 32 Q Q Q Q Q 84 Q 12 3 Q Q 292 63 60 7 Q Q 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 11,929 354 801 1,726 292 Q 746 Q Q Q Q Q 3,203 Q 134 314 Q Q 7,980 246 616 1,092 Q Q 9.9 19.5 20.4 29.0 42.9 50.8 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 216 118 116 88 24 7 30 14 Q Q 9 Q Q Q 36 21 26 24 6 2 Q 166 82 86 55 13 Q 24 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 6,329 1,404 1,203 4,431 452 906 399 728 Q Q 225 Q Q Q 1,155 554 257 1,315 87 Q Q 4,447 747 895 2,891 322 Q 278 12.3 16.7 18.2 17.6 28.9 48.1 32.7 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 380 132 53 32 2 27 11 Q 5 (*) 68 26 12 10 1 285 96 32 17 Q 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 4,357 3,697 3,039 3,309 722 429 183 Q Q 121 615 899 711 1,356 185 3,313 2,616 2,195 1,629 Q 12.1 14.9 15.5 20.4 27.3 4,193 490 94 29 491 83 19 7 41 8 Q Q 96 15 Q Q 354 60 15 Q 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 10,497 3,553 891 184 891 232 Q Q 2,870 725 Q Q 6,736 2,595 723 Q 10.5 15.9 23.2 42.7 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 253 103 93 92 32 18 7 23 13 Q Q Q Q Q 47 19 17 19 9 3 2 184 71 72 68 21 13 2 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 1,968 1,000 1,665 3,056 2,631 2,785 2,019 195 102 Q Q Q Q 398 301 271 556 653 768 639 577 1,472 628 1,045 2,251 1,729 2,002 1,044 14.8 16.8 18.6 14.8 15.8 19.8 26.0 See footnotes at end of table. 106 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A21. Occupancy of Government-Owned Buildings, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Government-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: All Buildings All GovernmentOwned Buildings Federal State Local All GovernmentAll Owned Buildings Buildings Federal State Local RSE Row Factor 0.4 0.8 2.1 1.5 0.9 0.4 0.9 2.0 1.5 1.0 Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Additional Operating Hours for Equipment Use Heating and/or Cooling .................. Lighting ........................................... Heating and/or Cooling and Lighting .......................................... No Additional Hours ....................... Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months 1-50 Percent ................................... 51-99 Percent ................................. 100 Percent .................................... None ............................................... Number of Establishments One ................................................ 2 to 5 .............................................. 6 to 10 ............................................ 11 to 20 .......................................... More than 20 .................................. Currently Unoccupied ..................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation .................................... Computer Room ............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ..................................... Activities with Large Amounts of Hot Water ................... Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility ........... with Central Physical Plant ........... No Central Physical Plant ............ Not on Multibuilding Facility ........... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 122 242 69 68 28 70 Q 14 10 Q Q Q 12 48 10 20 8 19 99 179 50 43 17 43 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 2,085 3,968 2,027 2,042 2,229 2,773 Q 324 Q Q Q 253 Q 555 402 548 729 1,169 1,636 3,089 1,296 1,407 1,392 1,351 17.2 12.7 17.4 15.4 22.8 20.5 1,223 633 371 3,320 154 58 39 427 15 Q Q 35 24 10 6 90 114 42 28 302 20,300 12,886 8,717 43,407 4,733 2,970 2,376 9,798 408 233 Q 688 1,160 615 549 2,541 3,165 2,122 1,687 6,570 15.9 17.9 21.6 11.1 362 97 398 3,948 18 7 81 493 Q Q Q 40 4 Q 10 100 12 Q 63 352 12,420 2,263 4,109 49,085 1,504 Q 1,025 12,075 Q Q Q 912 351 Q 177 2,887 966 Q 769 8,277 27.8 42.3 24.3 9.8 3,886 517 89 49 36 229 527 32 Q Q Q 32 36 Q Q Q Q Q 109 5 Q Q Q Q 382 21 Q Q Q Q 47,997 7,882 2,562 2,039 4,938 2,457 12,441 1,139 Q Q Q 381 778 Q Q Q Q Q 2,970 485 Q Q Q Q 8,694 431 Q Q Q Q 9.9 24.0 25.7 38.4 39.2 33.2 735 223 236 203 119 47 53 25 Q 5 Q Q 20 13 11 5 95 29 36 20 22,166 14,199 8,042 6,862 8,068 3,847 3,277 1,807 437 450 155 Q 1,813 1,004 796 229 5,819 2,392 2,327 1,493 14.1 16.8 16.6 20.3 1,667 223 1,444 3,139 386 111 275 213 28 13 15 23 102 43 60 15 256 55 201 175 31,564 8,395 23,170 36,312 9,755 4,275 5,480 5,369 685 376 308 504 3,145 1,755 1,390 621 5,925 2,143 3,782 4,244 12.1 20.2 14.1 12.2 653 688 618 2,846 66 39 64 430 Q Q 6 32 10 5 11 92 46 32 47 306 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 746 1,944 1,896 10,538 Q Q Q 718 198 Q 347 2,722 480 1,307 1,285 7,099 24.8 25.8 19.2 9.6 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 107 Table A21. Occupancy of Government-Owned Buildings, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Government-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: All Buildings All GovernmentOwned Buildings Federal State Local All GovernmentAll Owned Buildings Buildings Federal State Local RSE Row Factor 0.4 0.8 2.4 1.5 0.9 0.4 0.8 1.9 1.5 1.0 Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters ............... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. Heating Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Radiators or Baseboards ............... Ducts for Heating ......................... Heating Only .............................. Heating and Cooling ................... Variable Air-Volume System Used ............................. Fan Coil Units for Heating ............ Heating Only .............................. Heating and Cooling ................... Individual Space Heaters ............... Other .............................................. Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .................................. Heat Pumps ................................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................. District Chilled Water ...................... Central Chillers ............................... Packaged Air-Conditioning Units .............................................. Swamp Coolers .............................. Other .............................................. 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 177 136 78 209 20 11 9 11 27 27 18 46 130 98 51 152 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 1,996 5,301 3,663 4,164 130 233 486 340 438 1,270 882 1,175 1,428 3,798 2,295 2,649 14.5 16.2 17.0 13.9 413 881 813 2,699 36 77 110 377 Q Q 14 24 Q 18 23 70 20 55 73 283 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 469 1,112 2,976 10,566 Q 167 248 691 Q Q 767 2,500 345 489 1,961 7,375 31.8 18.9 14.9 11.0 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 51 150 175 50 147 93 Q Q 12 Q Q 14 5 Q 12 29 38 23 25 11 Q 37 108 131 20 108 77 Q 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 1,158 2,315 4,556 2,384 7,356 2,574 Q Q 197 175 360 403 Q Q 236 606 1,313 1,138 1,665 232 Q 884 1,513 3,068 886 5,287 2,170 Q 22.3 18.7 13.6 20.5 12.4 19.8 49.5 473 2,955 577 2,378 210 99 78 21 1,464 181 116 346 90 257 48 34 23 11 175 25 12 28 Q 19 5 Q Q Q Q Q 21 68 13 55 10 12 Q 5 38 Q 82 250 68 183 33 19 13 6 131 18 13,263 45,422 5,950 39,472 11,528 5,474 3,569 1,906 22,380 3,310 5,546 9,887 2,194 7,693 3,388 2,021 1,224 797 4,556 739 375 902 Q 855 255 178 Q Q 175 Q 1,348 2,388 449 1,940 839 712 301 411 1,313 Q 3,822 6,597 1,698 4,899 2,295 1,131 807 324 3,068 557 14.6 10.9 22.3 11.4 19.3 19.0 22.8 30.0 13.6 29.9 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 76 50 134 18 52 153 25 Q Q Q 12 Q 5 11 Q Q 17 12 28 7 14 24 Q Q 56 36 94 9 33 117 14 Q 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 1,593 1,035 5,232 992 4,200 5,375 434 Q Q Q 212 Q 542 417 Q Q 490 238 1,262 449 1,177 1,365 Q Q 991 741 3,758 446 2,481 3,593 139 Q 18.7 21.4 14.8 31.7 18.2 13.8 44.9 96.7 See footnotes at end of table. 108 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A21. Occupancy of Government-Owned Buildings, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Government-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: All Buildings All GovernmentOwned Buildings Federal State Local All GovernmentAll Owned Buildings Buildings Federal State Local RSE Row Factor 0.4 0.8 2.4 1.5 0.9 0.4 0.8 1.9 1.5 1.0 Cooling Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Ducts for Cooling ............................ Cooling Only ................................. Heating and Cooling ..................... Variable Air-Volume System Used ............................... Fan Coil Units for Cooling .............. Cooling Only ................................. Heating and Cooling ..................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................. Other .............................................. Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent .................................. Standard Fluorescent ..................... Compact Fluorescent ..................... High-Intensity Discharge ................ Other .............................................. Personal Computers and/or Computer Terminals 1 to 4 .............................................. 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ............... Wall Insulation ................................ Storm or Multiple Glazing ............... Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ............................................. Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings .................................... Windows that Open ........................ HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System .......... Economizer Cycle .......................... HVAC Maintenance ........................ 2,733 355 2,378 221 56 35 21 1,023 111 313 56 257 40 19 8 11 134 19 23 Q 19 6 Q Q Q 12 Q 71 16 55 11 7 Q 5 28 Q 220 37 183 23 12 6 6 94 17 47,755 8,283 39,472 12,430 3,875 1,969 1,906 17,979 2,919 10,014 2,321 7,693 3,133 1,449 652 797 5,232 599 990 Q 855 306 Q Q Q 212 Q 2,632 692 1,940 1,187 582 Q 411 1,262 Q 6,392 1,493 4,899 1,640 788 464 324 3,758 499 10.9 21.0 11.4 17.1 24.3 41.6 30.0 14.8 36.4 2,509 4,065 206 354 78 267 530 32 78 Q 20 41 Q Q Q 59 105 5 15 Q 189 384 23 57 Q 39,221 62,074 8,336 17,570 1,612 8,765 14,583 2,230 6,195 Q 548 1,059 143 414 Q 2,059 3,677 524 1,555 Q 6,157 9,847 1,564 4,227 Q 11.0 9.3 21.5 13.7 40.2 1,269 336 216 164 59 34 19 136 44 55 57 24 13 4 12 Q Q Q Q Q (*) 30 6 8 13 4 5 1 95 33 41 42 18 7 2 13,355 5,970 6,236 7,439 4,908 4,220 5,569 1,559 813 1,720 2,494 2,309 1,967 1,446 243 Q Q Q Q Q 181 435 195 317 517 441 709 278 881 545 1,265 1,917 1,572 1,206 987 15.3 20.9 18.3 16.8 19.4 23.6 26.7 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 422 259 184 122 263 378 40 26 22 12 22 32 77 48 32 19 52 67 306 185 130 91 189 280 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 12,023 5,768 5,988 5,250 7,749 9,030 979 509 628 510 652 474 2,986 1,381 1,429 1,198 2,125 1,802 8,058 3,879 3,931 3,542 4,973 6,754 9.7 11.4 11.5 14.8 11.4 10.8 250 414 2,503 54 77 425 6 11 34 12 18 93 36 47 298 13,970 18,313 49,173 4,009 5,393 13,179 307 719 1,006 1,256 1,556 3,366 2,446 3,118 8,807 17.6 15.3 10.2 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 109 Table A21. Occupancy of Government-Owned Buildings, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Government-Owned Buildings Government-Owned Buildings Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: All Buildings All GovernmentOwned Buildings Federal State Local All GovernmentAll Owned Buildings Buildings Federal State Local RSE Row Factor 0.4 0.8 2.4 1.5 0.9 0.4 0.8 1.9 1.5 1.0 Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors ......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches .............. Other .............................................. Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............ Building Shell ................................. HVAC ............................................. Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ........................................... Cooling ........................................... Hot Water ....................................... Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. Energy Management Practices (more than one may apply) Energy Management and Control System .......................................... Demand-Side Management Participation .................................. Energy Audit ................................... Building Energy Manager ........................................ Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program ................... HVAC Program .............................. Lighting Program ............................ Other DSM Programs ..................... 574 74 59 339 413 78 92 11 14 37 33 24 14 Q Q Q Q Q 17 1 4 6 9 Q 61 9 8 28 21 15 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 4,008 681 1,076 1,915 2,605 989 423 Q 350 143 Q Q 1,226 Q Q 355 756 Q 2,359 290 370 1,418 1,737 532 16.8 31.1 27.8 24.8 21.7 29.6 4,357 4,223 2,604 1,178 264 565 539 432 156 44 49 48 34 18 Q 113 102 94 33 7 404 389 304 105 33 64,403 62,056 50,281 29,453 5,952 14,773 14,168 13,276 6,593 1,554 1,106 1,083 1,015 701 225 3,731 3,390 3,376 1,836 284 9,936 9,695 8,885 4,057 1,046 9.3 9.3 10.1 13.0 16.4 3,400 2,872 578 4,089 547 408 321 73 494 52 29 24 5 33 Q 74 58 10 95 10 305 239 58 366 36 46,248 42,768 9,966 54,944 7,996 10,572 9,727 2,914 11,908 1,767 765 758 180 870 Q 2,218 2,083 429 2,546 Q 7,589 6,886 2,306 8,492 1,092 9.8 10.8 15.7 9.4 19.8 236 315 521 49 75 86 122 18 7 11 Q Q 14 16 30 Q 54 59 80 13 14,320 11,310 14,779 2,311 4,873 4,279 4,505 777 505 407 423 Q 1,413 923 1,328 Q 2,955 2,949 2,755 561 16.5 17.2 13.9 36.5 36 154 228 110 13 49 62 38 Q Q Q Q Q 6 14 6 Q 39 39 23 1,079 6,370 8,805 6,176 367 2,250 3,313 2,494 Q Q 376 245 Q 570 730 551 Q 1,495 2,207 1,698 37.4 21.7 20.6 24.0 (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 110 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A22. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned Buildings, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) All Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings Owner Occupied Nonowner Occupied Unoccupied RSE Column Factor: 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.3 2.1 RSE Row Factor All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........................................... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ................................. 4,806 4,206 3,192 817 197 5.0 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 2,423 861 540 228 82 50 16 7 1,859 660 396 169 57 38 11 4 437 167 126 47 22 11 5 Q 127 34 18 12 Q Q Q Q 7.0 6.9 8.8 10.1 12.4 13.7 16.2 32.2 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 99 130 250 51 139 1,210 680 18 213 Q 365 702 53 285 89 107 200 37 135 907 524 16 191 Q 349 533 42 54 Q 24 51 Q Q 303 155 Q 23 Q Q 170 Q 34 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 197 15.1 19.9 12.2 20.9 15.9 7.0 7.7 35.6 12.2 27.4 13.3 9.6 26.3 12.1 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 163 226 644 751 659 865 797 102 135 175 478 561 495 657 606 85 23 39 122 147 130 171 171 14 Q Q 45 43 34 36 20 Q 20.0 15.6 9.7 8.8 9.1 9.0 8.7 22.9 771 1,202 1,963 870 683 1,070 1,729 725 552 844 1,267 529 112 173 361 171 19 53 101 24 12.4 9.5 7.9 15.6 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 4,037 2,309 483 44 11 305 144 3,127 1,814 413 35 9 240 125 796 458 63 9 Q 57 Q 114 37 Q Q Q Q Q 5.0 6.7 14.9 23.1 33.3 18.6 16.8 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 3,641 3,079 3,053 617 108 2,875 2,393 2,414 496 83 701 641 589 114 21 65 45 49 Q Q 5.1 5.6 5.6 8.3 20.3 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 111 Table A22. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned Buildings, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) All Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings Owner Occupied Nonowner Occupied Unoccupied RSE Column Factor: 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.3 2.1 RSE Row Factor Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD .................... 5,500-7,000 HDD ........................... 4,000-5,499 HDD ........................... Fewer than 4,000 HDD .................. More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD .................. Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ........................................... Siding or Shingles ............................ Metal Panels .................................... Concrete Panels .............................. Window Glass .................................. Other ................................................ Predominant Roof Material Built-Up ............................................ Shingles (Not Wood) ........................ Metal Surfacing ................................ Synthetic or Rubber ......................... Slate or Tile ...................................... Concrete .......................................... Other ................................................ Floors One .................................................. Two .................................................. Three ............................................... Four to Nine ..................................... Ten or More ..................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ........................................ 26 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 75 ............................................ 76 to 100 .......................................... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... 399 1,134 1,077 1,101 353 1,001 962 939 291 812 733 686 53 151 187 211 Q 39 43 42 19.1 14.2 18.7 18.8 1,095 951 670 216 64 12.2 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 2,707 675 669 75 38 43 2,015 548 525 42 25 39 570 87 115 29 11 4 122 39 29 Q Q Q 5.5 10.6 11.3 17.5 28.4 30.3 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 1,427 1,264 921 298 131 30 137 958 1,059 697 234 104 21 119 392 164 165 55 22 7 13 76 41 59 Q Q Q Q 6.3 8.0 9.4 9.9 17.9 36.7 19.8 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 2,626 1,022 393 154 11 1,945 805 313 122 8 542 177 66 30 2 140 40 Q Q Q 6.9 6.8 10.9 16.5 21.2 4,193 490 94 29 3,702 407 75 22 2,802 315 59 17 716 83 14 Q 185 Q Q Q 5.3 7.8 21.3 27.3 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 2,465 792 469 312 98 46 25 1,856 628 356 232 70 33 18 419 162 110 79 27 13 7 191 Q Q Q Q Q Q 6.7 7.1 9.0 8.4 12.8 13.0 12.1 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 917 1,036 934 577 450 292 646 787 723 437 354 245 99 241 201 138 96 43 173 Q Q Q Q Q 8.8 6.9 7.4 7.1 10.2 12.7 See footnotes at end of table. 112 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A22. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned Buildings, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) All Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings Owner Occupied Nonowner Occupied Unoccupied RSE Column Factor: 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.3 2.1 RSE Row Factor Additional Operating Hours for Equipment Use Heating and/or Cooling .................... Lighting ............................................ Heating and/or Cooling and Lighting ........................................... No Additional Hours ......................... Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months 1-50 Percent .................................... 51-99 Percent .................................. 100 Percent ..................................... None ................................................ Number of Establishments One .................................................. 2 to 5 ................................................ 6 to 10 .............................................. 11 to 20 ............................................ More than 20 .................................... Currently Unoccupied ...................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ..................................... Computer Room .............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ....................................... Activities with Large Amounts of Hot Water .................... Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility ............. with Central Physical Plant ............ No Central Physical Plant .............. Not on Multibuilding Facility ............. Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent Lit when Open Not Lit .............................................. 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... 1,223 633 371 3,320 1,069 575 332 2,894 893 448 272 2,124 173 121 59 581 Q Q Q 188 10.6 11.4 16.1 6.5 362 97 398 3,948 344 90 317 3,456 200 58 92 2,842 144 31 31 611 Q Q 194 Q 7.6 16.9 12.7 5.7 3,886 517 89 49 36 229 3,359 485 83 48 35 197 2,864 257 40 21 10 Q 495 228 43 26 25 Q Q Q Q Q Q 197 6.0 7.7 15.5 23.9 21.4 10.6 735 223 236 203 616 176 183 178 497 138 149 145 112 36 33 31 Q Q Q Q 8.3 13.9 14.2 12.2 1,667 223 1,444 3,139 1,280 112 1,169 2,926 1,019 100 919 2,173 220 10 210 597 42 Q 40 155 8.6 21.5 8.7 5.1 653 688 618 2,846 587 649 555 2,416 330 477 433 1,953 121 155 121 419 136 16 Q 45 10.2 9.2 8.3 6.2 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 1,127 1,040 580 1,459 799 789 457 1,148 176 236 122 282 151 16 Q 29 8.1 7.8 8.8 8.0 413 881 813 2,699 377 805 703 2,322 161 617 557 1,858 39 183 142 452 177 Q Q Q 12.6 7.9 7.3 5.9 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 113 Table A22. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned Buildings, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) All Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings Owner Occupied Nonowner Occupied Unoccupied RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.2 3.0 RSE Row Factor Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ..................................... Furnaces .......................................... Individual Space Heaters ................. District Heat ..................................... Boilers .............................................. Packaged Heating Units .................. Other ................................................ Heating Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Radiators or Baseboards ................. Ducts for Heating ........................... Heating Only ................................ Heating and Cooling .................... Variable Air-Volume System Used .............................. Fan Coil Units for Heating ......................................... Heating Only ................................ Heating and Cooling .................... Individual Space Heaters ................. Other ................................................ Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .................................... Heat Pumps ..................................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Central Chillers ................................ Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ................................................ Swamp Coolers ............................... Other ................................................ Cooling Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Ducts for Cooling ............................. Cooling Only .................................. Heating and Cooling ...................... Variable Air-Volume System Used ................................ Fan Coil Units for Cooling ............................................ Cooling Only .................................. Heating and Cooling ...................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................... Other ................................................ Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent ................................... Standard Fluorescent ...................... Compact Fluorescent ....................... High-Intensity Discharge .................. Other ................................................ 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 398 1,542 1,289 44 477 777 41 318 1,237 1,018 34 404 585 32 70 280 245 9 68 186 Q Q 25 26 Q Q Q Q 13.2 7.3 8.0 25.3 9.1 10.8 37.4 473 2,955 577 2,378 210 99 78 21 1,464 181 357 2,609 488 2,121 162 65 55 10 1,289 157 311 2,056 416 1,639 133 46 39 7 1,018 128 45 512 62 450 28 15 13 Q 245 27 Q 40 Q 31 Q Q Q Q 26 Q 11.4 5.6 13.1 6.2 12.9 18.1 20.9 37.6 8.0 15.7 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 741 404 889 11 90 1,306 154 Q 576 326 711 9 72 991 111 Q 153 69 168 Q 16 302 40 Q Q Q Q Q Q 13 Q Q 11.5 12.9 9.1 37.0 15.5 8.4 29.9 74.0 2,733 355 2,378 221 56 35 21 1,023 111 2,420 299 2,121 181 37 28 10 889 93 1,868 229 1,639 145 29 21 7 711 66 515 64 450 34 8 Q Q 168 26 37 Q 31 Q Q Q Q Q Q 6.0 14.4 6.2 12.6 28.8 38.1 37.6 9.1 26.6 2,509 4,065 206 354 78 2,241 3,535 174 275 74 1,814 2,776 141 223 51 416 721 34 51 22 11 38 Q Q Q 7.2 5.3 14.3 11.2 24.1 See footnotes at end of table. 114 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A22. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned Buildings, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) All Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings Owner Occupied Nonowner Occupied Unoccupied RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.2 3.0 RSE Row Factor Personal Computers and/or Computer Terminals 1 to 4 ................................................ 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ................. Wall Insulation ................................. Storm or Multiple Glazing ................ Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ................................ Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ...................................... Windows that Open ......................... HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System ............................................ Economizer Cycle ............................ HVAC Maintenance ......................... Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ......................... Natural Lighting Control Sensors ........................................... Occupancy Sensors ......................... Time Clock ....................................... Manual Dimmer Switches ................ Other ................................................ Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features .......................................... Building Shell ................................... HVAC ............................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ............................................ Cooling ............................................. Hot Water ......................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ 1,269 336 216 164 59 34 19 1,133 292 161 107 35 21 15 884 217 113 82 25 17 12 249 75 48 24 9 4 3 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 6.9 10.1 13.4 17.3 16.9 22.7 24.5 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 2,921 2,061 1,496 946 1,590 1,741 2,297 1,660 1,209 738 1,220 1,420 535 334 242 183 337 260 89 68 45 25 32 61 5.6 6.5 7.4 8.3 7.1 6.9 250 414 2,503 196 337 2,078 157 262 1,696 36 70 365 Q Q 17 12.1 12.7 6.9 574 74 59 339 413 78 482 63 46 301 380 54 366 57 39 224 326 41 110 5 7 75 53 10 Q Q Q Q Q Q 11.9 23.4 21.9 12.0 13.0 24.6 4,357 4,223 2,604 1,178 264 3,792 3,684 2,172 1,022 219 2,929 2,841 1,763 810 192 717 699 387 202 24 145 144 21 9 Q 5.3 5.3 6.5 8.7 15.8 3,400 2,872 578 4,089 547 2,991 2,550 505 3,596 495 2,332 1,960 395 2,785 372 613 557 82 743 117 46 34 28 68 Q 5.6 6.1 10.4 5.2 14.3 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 115 Table A22. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned Buildings, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) All Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings Owner Occupied Nonowner Occupied Unoccupied RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.2 3.0 RSE Row Factor Energy Management Practices (more than one may apply) Energy Management and Control System ............................................ Demand-Side Management Participation .................................... Energy Audit .................................... Building Energy Manager .......................................... Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program .................... HVAC Program ................................ Lighting Program ............................. Other DSM Programs ...................... 236 315 521 49 161 229 399 32 134 199 334 27 24 27 64 3 Q Q Q Q 13.1 13.7 11.1 29.7 36 154 228 110 23 104 165 72 18 89 146 62 Q 13 19 10 Q Q Q Q 32.3 17.1 17.0 21.3 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 116 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A23. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned Buildings, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Floorspace of All Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Total Floorspace of All Buildings Building Characteristics All Buildings Owner Occupied Nonowner Occupied Unoccupied RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.4 2.1 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........................................... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ................................. 67,876 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 5.6 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 6,638 6,351 8,640 8,116 5,821 6,820 4,957 5,409 5,119 4,861 6,343 6,054 4,026 5,178 3,484 3,337 1,172 1,251 2,017 1,645 1,516 1,527 1,252 Q 347 239 279 418 Q Q Q Q 7.6 6.9 8.6 10.6 12.3 14.0 16.5 28.6 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 1,508 757 1,334 1,242 2,520 11,319 10,665 923 3,203 Q 3,742 10,885 888 3,713 1,402 584 1,076 1,139 2,272 7,797 7,848 828 2,105 Q 3,694 7,829 748 1,029 Q 173 258 Q Q 3,522 2,816 Q Q Q Q 3,056 Q 607 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 2,077 14.6 22.3 16.1 16.7 19.8 9.5 8.7 42.3 29.4 35.4 17.5 12.6 22.9 15.4 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,589 2,704 6,653 8,056 8,571 10,776 12,606 1,798 1,224 1,978 4,783 6,237 6,737 8,024 8,113 1,307 332 486 1,453 1,426 1,491 2,435 4,178 472 Q Q 417 393 344 317 314 Q 21.2 20.2 15.4 12.4 11.3 9.3 15.2 18.7 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 9,978 13,127 19,480 10,167 7,311 10,421 13,503 7,168 2,350 2,211 5,177 2,534 316 495 800 465 13.6 9.4 10.4 9.5 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 51,601 34,151 9,420 2,893 1,074 2,694 1,082 38,162 26,187 7,627 2,541 896 2,066 964 12,156 7,466 1,600 350 Q 589 Q 1,283 498 Q Q Q Q Q 5.9 6.4 11.2 17.6 27.3 18.1 31.1 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 47,518 43,913 44,627 15,001 2,844 35,293 32,220 33,171 10,893 2,274 11,404 11,001 10,804 4,018 480 821 692 651 Q Q 6.0 7.2 6.5 12.4 19.7 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 117 Table A23. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned Buildings, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Floorspace of All Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Total Floorspace of All Buildings Building Characteristics All Buildings Owner Occupied Nonowner Occupied Unoccupied RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.4 2.1 Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD .................... 5,500-7,000 HDD ........................... 4,000-5,499 HDD ........................... Fewer than 4,000 HDD .................. More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD .................. Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ........................................... Siding or Shingles ............................ Metal Panels .................................... Concrete Panels .............................. Window Glass .................................. Other ................................................ Predominant Roof Material Built-Up ............................................ Shingles (Not Wood) ........................ Metal Surfacing ................................ Synthetic or Rubber ......................... Slate or Tile ...................................... Concrete .......................................... Other ................................................ Floors One .................................................. Two .................................................. Three ............................................... Four to Nine ..................................... Ten or More ..................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ........................................ 26 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 75 ............................................ 76 to 100 .......................................... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... 5,623 18,024 16,162 15,251 4,274 13,971 12,096 11,955 3,265 11,145 8,582 8,781 856 2,429 3,034 2,628 Q 397 481 546 19.3 13.4 12.8 15.4 12,816 10,456 6,630 3,325 501 16.1 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 36,656 3,519 6,591 3,235 1,736 1,015 26,445 2,935 5,126 1,890 1,202 804 8,944 394 1,197 1,166 380 192 1,267 190 268 Q Q Q 7.2 12.3 13.8 18.0 22.4 30.8 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 23,928 9,166 7,817 7,271 1,546 1,638 1,387 15,568 7,642 6,013 5,401 1,352 1,335 1,091 7,450 1,212 1,412 1,647 147 147 258 910 313 392 Q Q Q Q 9.1 11.2 9.8 10.4 19.3 30.7 24.5 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 21,067 14,328 6,838 7,068 3,451 13,597 11,140 5,355 5,794 2,517 6,536 2,697 1,262 1,029 749 934 491 Q Q Q 9.1 8.2 11.3 14.4 19.1 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 40,859 8,262 2,316 1,315 29,506 6,143 1,762 992 9,658 1,809 514 292 1,696 Q Q Q 6.4 10.1 16.5 27.5 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 15,976 6,524 6,412 7,501 5,132 4,593 6,614 10,973 5,015 4,933 5,586 3,584 3,110 5,202 3,044 1,486 1,437 1,880 1,549 1,472 1,405 1,959 Q Q Q Q Q Q 12.2 8.6 12.5 8.8 16.8 17.2 13.2 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 6,161 11,030 12,019 10,020 6,238 7,284 3,827 8,209 9,168 7,033 4,707 5,459 535 2,704 2,796 2,950 1,531 Q 1,798 Q Q Q Q Q 9.7 8.9 8.0 11.0 10.4 18.6 See footnotes at end of table. 118 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A23. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned Buildings, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Floorspace of All Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Total Floorspace of All Buildings Building Characteristics All Buildings Owner Occupied Nonowner Occupied Unoccupied RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.4 2.1 Additional Operating Hours for Equipment Use Heating and/or Cooling .................... Lighting ............................................ Heating and/or Cooling and Lighting .................................... No Additional Hours ......................... Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months 1-50 Percent .................................... 51-99 Percent .................................. 100 Percent ..................................... None ................................................ Number of Establishments One .................................................. 2 to 5 ................................................ 6 to 10 .............................................. 11 to 20 ............................................ More than 20 .................................... Currently Unoccupied ...................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ..................................... Computer Room .............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ....................................... Activities with Large Amounts of Hot Water .................... Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility ............. with Central Physical Plant ............ No Central Physical Plant .............. Not on Multibuilding Facility ............. Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent Lit when Open Not Lit .............................................. 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... 20,300 12,886 8,717 43,407 15,568 9,917 6,341 33,609 12,335 7,461 5,001 23,607 3,181 2,370 1,297 8,019 Q Q Q 1,983 7.7 10.8 13.8 7.3 12,420 2,263 4,109 49,085 10,916 1,744 3,083 37,010 6,897 1,148 679 29,679 4,018 577 380 7,297 Q Q 2,023 Q 11.2 21.8 13.1 6.8 47,997 7,882 2,562 2,039 4,938 2,457 35,556 6,743 2,423 1,806 4,147 2,077 29,992 3,536 1,015 954 2,907 Q 5,565 3,208 1,408 852 1,240 Q Q Q Q Q Q 2,077 8.0 11.7 15.8 22.4 20.2 12.6 22,166 14,199 8,042 6,862 14,098 10,353 4,764 5,055 10,890 7,652 3,845 4,101 3,119 2,599 866 931 Q Q Q Q 9.0 11.5 12.7 13.4 31,564 8,395 23,170 36,312 21,809 4,120 17,690 30,943 15,994 3,800 12,194 22,409 5,231 306 4,925 7,041 584 Q 570 1,492 10.4 16.3 11.5 5.3 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 5,465 9,251 8,314 29,722 3,193 6,610 6,130 22,470 948 2,456 2,152 6,717 1,324 185 Q 535 14.8 14.3 10.4 7.9 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 8,839 16,415 10,209 17,290 6,183 12,079 7,727 12,414 1,271 3,949 2,444 4,608 1,385 387 Q 267 10.1 9.6 10.1 11.3 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 2,810 8,868 11,248 29,827 770 7,015 8,128 22,490 231 1,770 3,057 7,215 1,810 Q Q Q 14.1 10.3 13.8 6.7 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 119 Table A23. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned Buildings, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Floorspace of All Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Total Floorspace of All Buildings Building Characteristics All Buildings Owner Occupied Nonowner Occupied Unoccupied RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.7 0.6 1.5 2.9 Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ..................................... Furnaces .......................................... Individual Space Heaters ................. District Heat ..................................... Boilers .............................................. Packaged Heating Units .................. Other ................................................ Heating Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Radiators or Baseboards ................. Ducts for Heating ........................... Heating Only ................................ Heating and Cooling .................... Variable Air-Volume System Used .............................. Fan Coil Units for Heating ......................................... Heating Only ................................ Heating and Cooling .................... Individual Space Heaters ................. Other ................................................ Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .................................... Heat Pumps ..................................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Central Chillers ................................ Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ................................................ Swamp Coolers ............................... Other ................................................ Cooling Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Ducts for Cooling ............................. Cooling Only .................................. Heating and Cooling ...................... Variable Air-Volume System Used ................................ Fan Coil Units for Cooling ............................................ Cooling Only .................................. Heating and Cooling ...................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................... Other ................................................ Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent ................................... Standard Fluorescent ...................... Compact Fluorescent ....................... High-Intensity Discharge .................. Other ................................................ 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 7,111 14,594 17,823 2,840 13,309 13,425 760 5,146 10,985 13,610 2,491 10,172 9,074 540 1,865 3,360 3,795 347 2,993 4,257 Q Q 249 419 Q Q Q Q 13.0 8.7 8.5 19.3 13.6 10.0 34.1 13,263 45,422 5,950 39,472 11,528 5,474 3,569 1,906 22,380 3,310 7,717 35,535 3,756 31,779 8,140 3,453 2,344 1,109 17,823 2,571 6,572 25,751 3,210 22,542 5,915 2,661 1,781 880 13,610 1,979 1,078 9,315 446 8,869 2,185 714 486 Q 3,795 583 Q 469 Q 368 Q Q Q Q 419 Q 10.6 6.7 16.6 7.3 21.7 18.4 23.7 27.2 8.5 22.5 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 7,428 7,370 12,747 1,074 8,791 22,455 1,651 Q 5,783 5,361 9,416 896 6,524 15,947 1,049 Q 1,591 1,878 3,194 Q 2,091 6,239 582 Q Q Q Q Q Q 269 Q Q 11.3 12.7 16.3 31.0 20.6 7.7 26.8 64.7 47,755 8,283 39,472 12,430 3,875 1,969 1,906 17,979 2,919 37,741 5,962 31,779 9,296 2,425 1,317 1,109 12,747 2,319 27,003 4,461 22,542 6,695 2,066 1,186 880 9,416 1,723 10,124 1,255 8,869 2,482 359 Q Q 3,194 573 615 Q 368 Q Q Q Q Q Q 7.7 13.1 7.3 18.9 25.1 43.6 27.2 16.3 25.8 39,221 62,074 8,336 17,570 1,612 30,456 47,490 6,105 11,374 1,496 24,018 35,290 5,089 8,747 1,052 6,198 11,653 1,016 2,571 427 240 548 Q Q Q 7.3 6.6 13.8 12.3 26.6 See footnotes at end of table. 120 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A23. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned Buildings, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Floorspace of All Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Total Floorspace of All Buildings Building Characteristics All Buildings Owner Occupied Nonowner Occupied Unoccupied RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.7 0.6 1.5 2.9 Personal Computers and/or Computer Terminals 1 to 4 ................................................ 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ................. Wall Insulation ................................. Storm or Multiple Glazing ................ Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ................................ Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ...................................... Windows that Open ......................... HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System ............................................ Economizer Cycle ............................ HVAC Maintenance ......................... Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ......................... Natural Lighting Control Sensors ........................................... Occupancy Sensors ......................... Time Clock ....................................... Manual Dimmer Switches ................ Other ................................................ Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features .......................................... Building Shell ................................... HVAC ............................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ............................................ Cooling ............................................. Hot Water ......................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ 13,355 5,970 6,236 7,439 4,908 4,220 5,569 11,796 5,156 4,516 4,946 2,600 2,252 4,123 9,027 3,604 3,137 3,515 1,869 1,812 3,298 2,765 1,553 1,379 1,401 730 434 825 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 8.5 12.3 18.1 18.0 18.6 19.9 17.2 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 38,288 27,472 23,696 20,146 26,322 19,907 28,012 20,366 17,450 14,347 18,809 16,151 9,262 6,417 5,788 5,371 6,927 3,174 1,014 688 458 428 586 582 6.5 7.9 9.3 11.3 8.5 7.7 13,970 18,313 49,173 9,961 12,921 35,994 7,331 9,150 27,164 2,508 3,644 8,415 Q Q 415 19.0 14.0 8.1 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 11,234 2,392 2,553 10,189 9,724 1,607 8,385 1,920 2,147 6,876 8,102 1,225 2,694 385 406 3,156 1,568 341 Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.2 18.7 19.1 17.7 12.2 18.4 64,403 62,056 50,281 29,453 5,952 49,630 47,889 37,005 22,860 4,398 36,377 35,043 27,762 16,990 3,763 11,630 11,369 8,755 5,551 536 1,624 1,477 488 319 Q 6.1 6.0 7.8 10.6 13.9 46,248 42,768 9,966 54,944 7,996 35,676 33,041 7,052 43,036 6,228 26,466 24,214 5,029 31,884 4,231 8,684 8,430 1,765 10,338 1,939 526 398 258 814 Q 6.0 6.6 10.4 5.3 17.9 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 121 Table A23. Occupancy of Nongovernment-Owned Buildings, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Floorspace of All Nongovernment-Owned Buildings Total Floorspace of All Buildings Building Characteristics All Buildings Owner Occupied Nonowner Occupied Unoccupied RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.7 0.6 1.5 2.9 Energy Management Practices (more than one may apply) Energy Management and Control System ............................................ Demand-Side Management Participation .................................... Energy Audit .................................... Building Energy Manager .......................................... Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program .................... HVAC Program ................................ Lighting Program ............................. Other DSM Programs ...................... 14,320 9,447 7,105 2,307 Q 18.6 11,310 14,779 2,311 7,030 10,274 1,534 5,883 8,475 1,398 1,105 1,753 129 Q Q Q 11.2 10.3 27.7 1,079 6,370 8,805 6,176 712 4,120 5,492 3,682 611 3,407 4,691 2,999 Q 701 772 682 Q Q Q Q 30.3 14.3 13.4 15.7 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 122 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A24. Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: All Buildings None 1 to 50 51 to 99 100 All Buildings None 1 to 50 51 to 99 100 RSE Row Factor 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.9 1.5 0.5 0.6 1.1 2.4 1.6 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 4,806 3,948 362 97 398 67,876 49,085 12,420 2,263 4,109 6.8 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 2,281 790 503 216 85 51 17 5 103 95 82 36 21 14 7 3 45 24 12 8 4 Q 1 Q 253 65 50 21 6 3 1 Q 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 6,175 5,841 8,055 7,784 5,939 6,867 5,157 3,267 328 710 1,349 1,270 1,441 2,011 2,188 3,122 141 177 183 283 269 Q 229 Q 683 471 788 733 412 362 315 Q 10.1 9.5 11.4 13.3 13.8 18.6 21.0 39.0 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 253 128 242 55 124 1,161 584 22 236 59 344 674 56 Q Q Q Q 7 12 81 142 Q 7 Q Q 52 Q 29 Q Q Q Q Q Q 15 Q Q Q Q Q Q 42 36 Q Q Q Q 19 8 Q 27 Q Q 25 Q 240 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 7,489 753 1,256 1,434 2,526 8,697 6,722 1,465 3,789 776 3,625 9,519 926 Q Q Q Q 315 219 3,471 5,155 Q 480 Q Q 1,464 Q 433 Q Q Q Q Q Q 356 Q Q Q Q Q Q 1,226 540 Q Q Q Q 100 86 Q 134 Q Q 331 Q 2,630 15.8 27.7 17.0 27.2 25.8 13.2 12.8 48.2 25.5 39.4 20.8 15.9 31.8 13.7 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 117 188 572 746 668 841 719 97 32 33 53 36 30 65 100 13 Q Q 20 15 9 9 18 Q Q 20 80 83 76 67 46 16 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,073 2,035 6,435 8,304 9,438 10,377 9,855 1,568 398 801 1,108 1,272 2,158 2,598 3,515 569 Q Q 485 189 227 344 425 Q Q 413 684 656 788 694 491 269 24.1 21.7 15.4 13.9 14.4 13.4 14.4 24.5 771 1,202 1,963 870 633 990 1,625 700 86 87 114 76 8 24 47 18 44 101 177 76 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 9,120 12,392 18,799 8,775 3,021 3,501 3,609 2,289 508 441 792 521 752 946 1,377 1,034 14.3 13.0 10.1 15.7 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 3,881 2,284 487 81 22 294 145 353 207 53 8 4 17 Q 92 59 5 2 Q Q Q 289 114 15 Q Q 25 Q 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 48,799 32,937 8,753 3,550 1,320 2,711 1,280 12,390 8,826 3,586 1,234 516 495 Q 2,246 1,788 460 270 Q Q Q 3,114 1,546 420 Q Q 174 Q 7.0 9.0 16.2 21.3 35.0 24.9 28.2 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 3,564 2,978 2,975 627 104 329 307 306 69 7 85 70 67 10 Q 200 147 154 29 Q 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 45,565 41,320 42,707 15,836 2,088 11,905 11,837 11,837 5,943 750 2,122 2,009 1,961 733 Q 2,405 1,875 1,975 553 Q 7.3 7.6 7.7 13.5 26.2 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 123 Table A24. Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months Building Characteristics RSE Column Factor: All Buildings None 1 to 50 51 to 99 100 All Buildings None 1 to 50 51 to 99 100 RSE Row Factor 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.9 1.5 0.5 0.6 1.1 2.4 1.6 Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors .......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches .............. Other .............................................. Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............ Building Shell ................................. HVAC ............................................. Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program ................... HVAC Program .............................. Lighting Program ............................ Other DSM Programs ..................... 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 3,456 2,842 611 Q 493 344 200 144 Q 18 90 58 31 Q 7 317 92 31 194 81 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 37,010 29,679 7,297 Q 12,075 10,916 6,897 4,018 Q 1,504 1,744 1,148 577 Q Q 3,083 679 380 2,023 1,025 6.6 8.0 12.5 13.0 16.2 653 688 618 2,846 402 531 516 2,499 36 62 84 179 Q 45 7 32 202 49 11 136 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 3,636 7,458 6,887 31,105 559 2,112 3,021 6,729 Q 1,020 210 809 1,792 606 94 1,617 17.2 14.0 14.4 8.9 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 970 980 559 1,439 55 98 84 125 27 40 7 23 251 58 8 81 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 7,765 16,406 8,727 16,187 583 3,003 4,844 3,990 253 1,183 196 630 2,233 1,124 105 646 12.2 10.6 15.0 11.5 413 881 813 2,699 163 694 678 2,413 Q 97 102 148 Q 59 12 18 226 31 21 120 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 740 6,886 9,240 32,219 Q 1,290 4,459 6,601 Q 1,460 259 492 2,418 344 265 1,081 16.6 12.3 13.9 9.9 574 74 59 339 413 78 478 62 46 267 354 60 65 12 10 53 45 10 6 Q Q 11 10 Q 24 Q Q 8 5 Q 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 10,009 1,826 2,496 6,991 8,072 1,918 4,331 1,093 864 4,293 3,723 429 430 Q Q 539 400 Q 470 Q Q 282 134 Q 14.3 23.9 20.8 17.8 16.2 24.7 4,357 4,223 2,604 1,178 264 3,617 3,498 2,228 991 232 336 329 234 132 21 86 84 41 25 Q 318 312 101 30 Q 64,403 62,056 50,281 29,453 5,952 46,647 44,651 36,157 20,140 4,621 12,146 12,027 10,649 7,548 957 2,165 2,097 1,774 1,030 Q 3,445 3,282 1,701 734 166 7.3 7.4 8.6 10.9 18.2 36 154 228 110 29 121 193 90 5 22 27 16 Q 6 5 Q Q Q Q Q 1,079 6,370 8,805 6,176 725 4,271 5,918 4,110 301 1,849 2,458 1,917 Q 184 317 Q Q Q Q Q 34.7 17.3 17.5 21.9 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 124 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A25. Multibuilding Facility, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Part of Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings in Multibuilding Facilities Buildings in Multibuilding Facilities with Central Physical Plant All Buildings All Buildings in Multibuilding Facilities Buildings in Multibuilding Facilities with Central Physical Plant RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.9 1.6 0.7 1.0 1.6 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking ............................................. Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse ...................................... Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... 4,806 1,667 223 67,876 31,564 8,395 6.0 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 858 334 244 123 49 37 15 7 76 38 47 32 11 10 7 2 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 2,315 2,447 3,834 4,399 3,354 5,083 4,665 5,467 194 274 732 1,132 749 1,292 2,089 1,933 9.5 7.9 8.3 10.1 10.6 13.9 13.2 26.6 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 217 Q 47 27 107 281 236 12 102 18 86 396 44 84 54 Q Q 9 15 20 44 2 19 Q Q 28 7 7 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 5,115 Q 415 1,156 1,578 4,691 4,978 1,155 2,717 427 930 5,963 750 1,613 1,458 Q Q 766 729 Q 1,882 Q 500 Q Q 611 348 448 11.6 21.7 16.6 16.1 15.2 12.4 10.6 33.8 19.3 33.4 16.6 13.0 22.3 18.2 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 47 61 193 298 275 372 355 66 3 14 26 61 42 28 35 14 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 498 979 3,567 4,589 6,429 6,761 7,368 1,374 107 214 1,291 1,149 2,364 1,770 1,086 414 21.2 19.1 13.9 11.3 11.0 10.4 11.6 17.7 771 1,202 1,963 870 254 364 698 350 33 50 89 51 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 5,614 7,445 12,426 6,080 1,954 2,697 2,280 1,463 12.1 11.7 10.3 11.6 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 1,587 767 181 83 27 121 53 220 105 32 82 27 5 Q 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 31,027 19,999 6,497 4,506 1,784 1,562 592 8,340 5,381 2,170 4,253 1,710 277 Q 6.1 7.2 10.8 11.7 17.4 20.1 22.6 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 125 Table A25. Multibuilding Facility, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Part of Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings in Multibuilding Facilities Buildings in Multibuilding Facilities with Central Physical Plant All Buildings All Buildings in Multibuilding Facilities Buildings in Multibuilding Facilities with Central Physical Plant RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.9 1.6 0.7 1.0 1.6 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ........... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................... Owner Occupied ............................ Nonowner Occupied ...................... Unoccupied .................................... Government Owned ......................... Principal Facility Activity Education Primary or Secondary ...................... College ............................................. Other ................................................ Retail Sales and Service Shopping Center/Mall ...................... Automotive Sales and Service ......... Other ................................................ Other Office ............................................... Warehouse ...................................... Industrial/Manufacturing .................. Hospital or Other Health Service ............................................. Religious Activities ........................... Hotel/Motel ....................................... Amusement or Recreation ............... Transportation .................................. Residential ....................................... Agricultural ....................................... 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 1,338 1,090 1,070 199 45 208 174 175 33 9 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 28,365 26,158 26,766 11,516 1,523 8,088 7,402 7,895 3,526 587 6.3 6.8 6.5 10.5 20.2 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 931 279 194 163 50 34 17 84 32 46 34 12 7 8 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 7,519 2,769 3,648 4,574 3,306 4,706 5,042 1,201 489 908 1,010 900 1,326 2,560 11.1 10.9 12.3 9.8 11.9 13.1 12.8 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 336 508 298 206 118 201 30 96 25 17 15 39 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 2,970 7,118 5,417 5,526 3,878 6,655 594 1,428 1,037 1,070 1,437 2,830 12.5 8.7 10.2 11.3 14.7 12.4 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 1,280 1,019 220 42 386 112 100 10 Q 111 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 21,809 15,994 5,231 584 9,755 4,120 3,800 306 Q 4,275 7.0 6.8 14.9 20.2 9.9 211 48 26 55 79 231 140 229 119 56 153 77 92 35 Q 30 211 48 26 55 79 231 140 229 119 56 153 77 92 35 Q 30 52 29 Q Q Q Q 13 Q 47 20 Q Q 7 Q Q Q 4,046 2,485 364 2,352 667 1,798 3,931 4,992 2,124 2,193 1,397 802 Q 1,103 Q 160 4,046 2,485 364 2,352 667 1,798 3,931 4,992 2,124 2,193 1,397 802 Q 1,103 Q 160 859 1,732 Q Q Q Q 1,162 Q 1,206 1,444 Q Q Q Q NF Q 13.5 18.2 34.6 21.6 23.3 15.2 17.3 16.8 19.1 16.4 16.8 24.4 20.9 38.0 Q 42.8 See footnotes at end of table. 126 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A25. Multibuilding Facility, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Part of Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings in Multibuilding Facilities Buildings in Multibuilding Facilities with Central Physical Plant All Buildings All Buildings in Multibuilding Facilities Buildings in Multibuilding Facilities with Central Physical Plant RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.9 1.6 0.7 1.0 1.6 Central Plant that Produces (more than one may apply) District Hot Water ............................. District Steam .................................. District Chilled Water ....................... Electricity ......................................... Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program .................... HVAC Program ................................ Lighting Program ............................. Other DSM Programs ...................... 129 125 91 65 129 125 91 65 129 125 91 65 4,598 5,534 4,191 1,903 4,598 5,534 4,191 1,903 4,598 5,534 4,191 1,903 14.2 14.0 15.3 25.6 36 154 228 110 21 74 96 49 5 23 27 22 1,079 6,370 8,805 6,176 478 3,541 4,630 3,379 169 1,623 2,262 1,945 25.9 14.6 14.5 16.6 NF = No applicable RSE row factor. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 127 Table A26. Energy-Related Space Functions, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Space Functions (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Commercial Food Preparation Computer Room Rooms with Special Ventilation Activity with Large Amount of Hot Water RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.4 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... 4,806 735 223 236 203 6.4 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 323 136 114 70 44 29 15 5 37 31 46 41 31 24 10 4 80 52 44 25 17 11 6 2 74 29 47 26 12 9 6 1 11.7 13.9 11.0 12.3 12.1 13.6 14.6 19.6 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 98 40 246 8 37 89 30 Q 81 Q 68 13 Q 18 32 Q Q 5 6 39 81 Q 4 Q Q 20 11 5 28 Q Q 11 Q 54 35 Q 18 Q Q 20 16 Q 12 Q 18 9 50 62 14 Q 18 Q Q Q 7 Q 13.2 26.9 12.9 27.1 19.8 12.5 14.2 44.4 18.4 35.0 20.7 21.2 25.8 24.8 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 41 42 101 134 122 155 120 21 Q 12 26 33 43 44 51 6 Q Q 25 39 38 54 51 10 Q Q 25 42 45 44 35 5 20.9 20.5 15.4 12.0 12.6 11.8 11.3 22.3 771 1,202 1,963 870 142 203 257 134 50 55 67 51 45 61 77 52 37 53 71 41 12.8 11.1 11.3 15.8 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 735 533 101 19 8 84 13 223 149 51 11 5 18 Q 236 162 43 17 3 22 Q 203 154 23 6 2 29 Q 6.4 7.5 13.4 18.2 28.4 21.6 25.9 See footnotes at end of table. 128 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A26. Energy-Related Space Functions, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Space Functions (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Commercial Food Preparation Computer Room Rooms with Special Ventilation Activity with Large Amount of Hot Water RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.4 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ........... Predominant Exterior Wall Materials Masonry ........................................... Siding or Shingles ............................ Metal Panels .................................... Concrete Panels .............................. Window Glass .................................. Other ................................................ Predominant Roof Materials Built-Up ............................................ Shingles (Not Wood) ........................ Metal Surfacing ................................ Synthetic or Rubber ......................... Slate or Tile ...................................... Concrete .......................................... Other ................................................ Floors One .................................................. Two .................................................. Three ............................................... Four to Nine ..................................... Ten or More ..................................... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................... Owner Occupied ............................ Nonowner Occupied ...................... Unoccupied .................................... Government Owned ......................... Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility ............. with Central Physical Plant ............ No Central Physical Plant .............. Not on Multibuilding Facility ............. 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 714 661 729 732 13 222 223 211 53 16 229 215 219 70 19 194 164 202 80 8 6.4 6.6 6.4 8.2 26.7 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 544 129 31 15 15 1 159 11 23 15 9 5 167 18 34 10 Q Q 169 20 Q 7 Q Q 7.0 19.7 18.0 20.3 29.5 38.4 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 283 234 76 80 22 7 33 102 29 25 51 7 2 7 92 51 41 37 8 Q Q 72 59 20 36 10 Q Q 8.3 11.6 17.8 12.5 24.5 40.2 25.9 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 379 191 103 54 7 79 61 43 34 6 123 61 29 21 2 93 62 31 15 3 9.4 9.8 13.3 17.2 20.9 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 260 156 126 105 43 26 18 30 32 26 56 30 29 20 75 50 38 38 19 10 6 71 33 39 32 17 8 4 12.1 13.4 13.2 11.4 13.0 13.4 12.0 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 116 90 83 149 220 77 13 76 46 44 20 23 13 76 46 34 41 27 Q 21 21 43 47 62 18.6 13.9 12.5 11.6 12.7 13.2 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 616 497 112 Q 119 176 138 36 Q 47 183 149 33 Q 53 178 145 31 Q 25 6.9 7.4 14.8 20.0 12.7 1,667 223 1,444 3,139 198 33 165 537 107 19 89 115 101 25 76 135 84 16 68 119 9.7 16.1 11.2 7.5 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 129 Table A26. Energy-Related Space Functions, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Space Functions (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Commercial Food Preparation Computer Room Rooms with Special Ventilation Activity with Large Amount of Hot Water RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.4 Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ..................................... Furnaces .......................................... Individual Space Heaters ................. District Heat ..................................... Boilers .............................................. Packaged Heating Units .................. Other ................................................ Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners ............................... Heat Pumps ..................................... Individual Air Conditioners ............... District Chilled Water ....................... Central Chillers ................................ Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ................................................. Swamp Coolers ............................... Other ................................................ Personal Computers and/or Computer Terminals 1 to 4 ................................................ 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............. Building Shell ................................... HVAC ............................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ Energy Management Practices (more than one may apply) Energy Management and Control System ......................... Demand-Side Management Participation ..................................... Energy Audit .................................... Building Energy Manager ................ 653 688 618 2,846 21 58 135 521 Q 34 38 151 Q 30 41 158 Q 18 32 142 22.4 15.5 13.6 6.9 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 75 158 178 324 Q 73 56 93 21 84 45 86 39 47 45 72 16.3 10.4 11.0 9.0 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 79 259 180 18 176 217 18 22 63 70 11 78 66 6 28 75 77 17 58 64 Q 22 66 76 6 58 51 Q 17.3 10.2 9.6 18.3 8.9 11.7 37.0 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 118 80 188 8 52 345 38 Q 43 25 70 5 37 127 5 Q 37 28 54 3 25 112 15 Q 28 20 57 2 16 84 15 Q 15.0 17.2 10.3 28.4 13.5 8.4 30.7 84.1 1,269 336 216 164 59 34 19 179 44 34 41 21 11 11 53 31 29 42 24 19 13 75 24 21 20 12 8 4 61 16 13 12 4 3 3 10.7 14.3 14.6 16.6 15.1 14.9 18.7 4,357 4,223 2,604 1,178 264 728 709 545 275 52 223 221 200 105 20 235 229 177 96 26 197 193 139 73 20 6.4 6.4 6.8 8.8 17.0 236 315 521 49 78 95 131 12 49 41 55 7 30 31 35 4 22 22 32 6 12.4 12.7 11.0 24.7 See footnotes at end of table. 130 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A26. Energy-Related Space Functions, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Space Functions (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Commercial Food Preparation Computer Room Rooms with Special Ventilation Activity with Large Amount of Hot Water RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.4 Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program .................... HVAC Program ................................ Lighting Program ............................. Other DSM Programs ...................... 36 154 228 110 8 48 67 41 4 22 34 18 6 21 22 19 Q 13 14 12 31.7 15.8 16.1 18.9 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 131 Table A27. Energy-Related Space Functions, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Space Functions (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings Commercial Food Preparation Computer Room Rooms with Special Ventilation Activity with Large Amount of Hot Water RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... 67,876 22,166 14,199 8,042 6,862 6.2 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 911 994 1,848 2,627 3,110 4,062 4,639 3,975 118 231 756 1,534 2,127 3,217 3,096 3,119 241 394 742 851 1,095 1,628 1,839 1,250 194 223 796 1,002 815 1,245 1,706 880 12.3 13.6 11.2 12.8 11.8 13.4 15.1 18.0 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 5,676 350 1,453 1,294 1,596 3,806 3,674 Q 1,769 Q 1,231 346 Q 507 2,202 Q Q 953 548 1,092 5,569 Q 442 Q Q 2,079 396 550 2,176 Q Q 1,006 Q 778 1,496 Q 433 Q Q 563 632 Q 1,380 Q 176 540 1,755 1,117 792 Q 544 Q Q Q 185 Q 11.8 24.7 15.0 15.8 21.9 16.2 11.9 45.2 24.4 39.5 22.0 20.2 22.6 34.8 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 495 1,334 2,225 2,849 4,924 5,067 4,414 859 Q 673 1,439 1,436 3,057 2,857 3,748 811 Q Q 1,030 1,051 1,840 1,951 1,362 437 Q Q 803 908 1,244 1,856 1,365 454 21.1 27.6 18.7 11.6 13.6 10.8 12.4 18.9 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 5,740 5,804 6,870 3,753 3,736 3,265 3,966 3,233 1,998 2,499 2,163 1,381 1,714 1,867 2,317 964 13.2 10.2 10.5 12.4 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 22,166 18,488 7,452 2,280 920 1,545 394 14,199 10,618 5,745 2,124 839 925 Q 8,036 6,332 2,995 1,627 500 542 Q 6,862 5,725 2,445 818 416 561 Q 6.2 6.8 9.5 15.3 23.0 19.6 30.7 See footnotes at end of table. 132 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A27. Energy-Related Space Functions, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Space Functions (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings Commercial Food Preparation Computer Room Rooms with Special Ventilation Activity with Large Amount of Hot Water RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ........... Predominant Exterior Wall Materials Masonry ........................................... Siding or Shingles ............................ Metal Panels .................................... Concrete Panels .............................. Window Glass .................................. Other ................................................ Predominant Roof Materials Built-Up ............................................ Shingles (Not Wood) ........................ Metal Surfacing ................................ Synthetic or Rubber ......................... Slate or Tile ...................................... Concrete .......................................... Other ................................................ Floors One .................................................. Two .................................................. Three ............................................... Four to Nine ..................................... Ten or More ..................................... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................... Owner Occupied ............................ Nonowner Occupied ...................... Unoccupied .................................... Government Owned ......................... Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility ............. with Central Physical Plant ............ No Central Physical Plant .............. Not on Multibuilding Facility ............. 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 21,833 21,096 22,095 22,159 525 14,170 14,199 13,947 7,328 810 7,995 7,744 7,890 4,178 864 6,829 6,546 6,857 4,813 421 6.3 6.5 6.4 8.2 21.1 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 17,270 919 677 1,998 993 309 9,222 297 958 1,713 1,309 701 5,898 100 723 682 478 Q 5,571 185 Q 694 231 Q 6.7 17.9 22.1 20.4 25.5 32.8 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 10,364 2,931 1,157 6,039 671 570 435 7,468 905 772 3,852 180 488 535 3,567 761 651 2,250 374 Q Q 3,043 814 311 2,250 295 Q Q 8.3 16.9 18.7 11.7 27.3 37.7 20.2 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 5,058 5,512 4,208 4,716 2,672 2,680 2,934 2,245 3,700 2,640 1,509 1,633 1,701 2,317 881 1,279 1,773 1,493 1,485 832 11.2 10.5 11.5 12.6 18.4 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 1,783 1,322 1,719 3,419 3,424 3,998 6,502 409 391 538 1,898 2,504 2,795 5,666 553 348 615 1,274 1,467 1,647 2,139 537 318 708 1,201 1,369 1,349 1,380 16.1 14.6 15.7 11.9 13.7 16.2 12.1 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 1,828 3,014 3,118 5,188 4,754 4,264 435 2,954 3,207 3,200 1,618 2,786 322 1,748 1,401 1,481 1,191 1,899 Q 717 750 1,163 1,429 2,528 18.4 12.4 12.0 13.4 14.9 12.7 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 14,098 10,890 3,119 Q 8,068 10,353 7,652 2,599 Q 3,847 4,764 3,845 866 Q 3,277 5,055 4,101 931 Q 1,807 7.1 7.1 15.2 20.2 10.9 31,564 8,395 23,170 36,312 10,614 3,526 7,088 11,553 7,663 2,478 5,185 6,537 4,636 2,281 2,355 3,405 3,141 1,413 1,728 3,721 9.5 15.0 11.4 6.9 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 133 Table A27. Energy-Related Space Functions, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Space Functions (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings Commercial Food Preparation Computer Room Rooms with Special Ventilation Activity with Large Amount of Hot Water RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ..................................... Furnaces .......................................... Individual Space Heaters ................. District Heat ..................................... Boilers .............................................. Packaged Heating Units .................. Other ................................................ Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners ............................... Heat Pumps ..................................... Individual Air Conditioners ............... District Chilled Water ....................... Central Chillers ................................ Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ................................................. Swamp Coolers ............................... Other ................................................ Personal Computers and/or Computer Terminals 1 to 4 ................................................ 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............. Building Shell ................................... HVAC ............................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ Energy Management Practices (more than one may apply) Energy Management and Control System ......................... Demand-Side Management Participation ..................................... Energy Audit .................................... Building Energy Manager ................ 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 Q 2,040 4,284 15,428 Q 1,621 2,934 9,614 Q 816 1,539 5,640 Q 332 1,556 4,937 18.7 20.3 11.6 6.9 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 1,070 5,468 7,211 8,417 Q 4,313 4,650 5,236 297 2,570 2,271 2,904 316 1,371 2,472 2,704 18.1 10.8 11.1 9.2 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 2,871 4,459 7,233 2,198 10,439 6,349 513 2,290 2,291 5,158 2,070 6,599 4,384 418 1,054 1,261 2,902 1,592 3,915 1,773 Q 1,470 1,300 2,580 783 3,490 2,137 Q 15.2 11.2 9.0 15.6 9.6 11.3 28.7 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 2,553 2,991 6,750 920 7,823 10,896 755 Q 1,762 2,355 4,361 839 5,942 8,419 482 Q 975 1,101 2,339 500 3,247 4,013 343 Q 911 1,392 2,338 416 2,261 3,496 213 Q 14.4 13.9 11.5 23.0 10.8 8.0 29.5 63.6 13,355 5,970 6,236 7,439 4,908 4,220 5,569 2,810 1,802 2,026 2,875 2,800 2,353 4,239 931 1,071 1,212 2,312 2,053 2,408 4,052 822 591 774 1,183 1,110 1,441 1,554 1,358 726 460 847 828 744 1,089 12.6 15.5 17.6 14.5 16.1 16.5 15.8 64,403 62,056 50,281 29,453 5,952 22,132 21,922 20,551 12,988 2,615 14,199 14,056 13,133 8,990 1,708 8,006 7,862 7,303 4,912 1,116 6,824 6,721 6,314 3,579 985 6.3 6.3 6.6 8.5 15.0 14,320 11,310 14,779 2,311 8,356 6,788 7,392 1,108 6,313 4,078 5,238 849 3,351 2,448 2,747 538 2,517 2,048 2,169 588 10.8 10.7 10.0 21.3 See footnotes at end of table. 134 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A27. Energy-Related Space Functions, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Space Functions (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings Commercial Food Preparation Computer Room Rooms with Special Ventilation Activity with Large Amount of Hot Water RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program .................... HVAC Program ................................ Lighting Program ............................. Other DSM Programs ...................... 1,079 6,370 8,805 6,176 622 3,964 5,394 4,240 480 2,540 3,325 2,660 197 1,612 1,897 1,469 Q 1,303 1,533 1,431 25.0 12.8 12.5 14.5 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 135 Table A28. Additional Operating Hours for Equipment Use, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Type of Equipment Type of Equipment Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating and/or Cooling Lighting All Buildings Heating and/or Cooling Lighting RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 1.2 1.4 0.7 1.0 1.3 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... 4,806 1,223 633 67,876 20,300 12,886 5.5 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 626 256 171 90 44 26 8 2 307 145 83 45 30 14 6 2 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 1,778 1,905 2,904 3,211 2,970 3,378 2,487 1,667 860 1,096 1,374 1,663 2,022 1,970 1,912 1,990 8.8 7.4 8.0 9.8 10.3 11.4 14.1 24.4 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 82 48 74 24 Q 357 269 Q 85 Q 101 116 16 26 35 30 43 Q Q 217 119 Q 33 Q 22 75 9 29 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 3,246 217 462 258 Q 4,530 5,119 Q 1,183 Q 1,177 2,604 405 843 2,073 152 237 Q Q 3,097 3,530 188 511 Q 458 1,435 288 680 10.3 21.3 15.5 18.8 17.2 10.3 8.8 33.5 14.3 30.3 14.3 11.0 24.4 21.0 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 52 81 189 223 182 241 213 41 35 48 112 99 96 129 103 12 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 684 1,400 2,376 3,102 3,753 3,924 4,315 747 286 1,026 1,359 1,626 2,567 2,827 2,662 535 19.8 18.6 11.8 9.8 9.9 9.0 10.3 20.9 771 1,202 1,963 870 248 351 431 192 99 152 264 119 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 4,360 5,688 6,468 3,785 2,417 3,181 4,704 2,584 12.3 9.4 9.8 11.1 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 1,223 791 176 37 9 71 52 633 413 84 12 3 33 26 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 20,300 15,139 4,279 1,664 603 782 632 12,886 9,756 3,197 1,200 298 584 275 5.5 6.3 12.0 16.1 25.1 16.8 25.2 See footnotes at end of table. 136 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A28. Additional Operating Hours for Equipment Use, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Type of Equipment Type of Equipment Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating and/or Cooling Lighting All Buildings Heating and/or Cooling Lighting RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 1.2 1.4 0.7 1.0 1.3 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ........... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ..................................... Furnaces .......................................... Individual Space Heaters ................. District Heat ..................................... Boilers .............................................. Packaged Heating Units .................. Other ................................................ Heating Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Radiators or Baseboards ................. Ducts for Heating ............................. Heating Only ............................... Heating and Cooling ................... Variable Air-Volume System ........................................ Fan Coil Units for Heating ................ Heating Only ............................... Heating and Cooling ................... Individual Space Heaters ................. Other ................................................ Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners ............................... Heat Pumps ..................................... Individual Air Conditioners ............... District Chilled Water ....................... Central Chillers ................................ Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ................................................. Swamp Coolers ............................... Other ................................................ 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 1,211 1,034 1,080 231 34 602 525 543 121 19 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 19,914 18,624 19,464 7,483 866 12,377 12,026 12,198 5,749 583 5.7 5.9 5.7 8.5 18.7 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 554 277 166 139 50 26 11 313 120 75 69 29 20 8 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 3,200 2,201 2,332 3,587 3,234 2,750 2,996 1,933 1,059 1,085 1,914 1,784 2,181 2,931 9.1 9.4 11.4 8.1 11.4 12.6 13.9 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 177 399 297 188 161 Q 86 181 155 102 109 Q 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 1,930 5,989 5,667 4,349 2,366 Q 1,156 2,876 3,407 3,471 1,976 Q 12.0 8.4 7.9 9.7 11.6 14.5 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 139 551 407 36 231 224 11 71 253 174 12 114 129 Q 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 2,828 5,881 7,133 1,629 7,793 4,379 287 1,616 3,254 4,246 1,186 4,826 3,121 Q 14.2 8.6 7.9 16.2 7.6 9.6 31.4 473 2,955 577 2,378 210 99 78 21 1,464 181 183 906 180 726 69 40 30 10 407 61 79 451 80 372 33 16 12 3 174 32 13,263 45,422 5,950 39,472 11,528 5,474 3,569 1,906 22,380 3,310 4,906 15,148 2,063 13,085 3,820 1,750 1,218 532 7,133 1,395 2,485 9,544 996 8,548 2,736 990 673 317 4,246 986 9.2 6.0 13.1 6.3 11.3 14.7 17.1 23.3 7.9 18.0 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 250 144 305 9 57 419 48 Q 126 79 140 3 37 222 32 Q 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 3,081 2,865 5,772 603 4,149 9,179 748 Q 2,020 1,751 3,434 298 3,550 6,096 281 Q 11.1 13.5 10.0 25.1 11.7 7.0 23.6 59.7 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 137 Table A28. Additional Operating Hours for Equipment Use, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Type of Equipment Type of Equipment Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating and/or Cooling Lighting All Buildings Heating and/or Cooling Lighting RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 1.2 1.4 0.7 1.0 1.3 Cooling Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Ducts for Cooling ............................. Cooling Only ............................... Heating and Cooling ................... Variable Air-volume System ........................................ Fan Coil Units for Cooling ................ Cooling Only ............................... Heating and Cooling ................... Individual Air Conditioners ............... Other ................................................ Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent ................................... Standard Fluorescent ...................... Compact Fluorescent ....................... High-Intensity Discharge .................. Other ................................................ Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ................. Wall Insulation ................................. Storm or Multiple Glazing ................ Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ................................................ Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ....................................... Windows that Open ......................... HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System ............ Economizer Cycle ............................ HVAC Maintenance ......................... Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ......................... Natural Lighting Control Sensors ............................................ Occupancy Sensors ......................... Time Clock ....................................... Manual Dimmer Switches ................ Other ................................................ Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............. Building Shell ................................... HVAC ............................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ 2,733 355 2,378 221 56 35 21 1,023 111 816 90 726 67 22 12 10 305 33 431 60 372 39 10 7 3 140 20 47,755 8,283 39,472 12,430 3,875 1,969 1,906 17,979 2,919 15,626 2,541 13,085 3,784 1,412 880 532 5,772 1,004 10,209 1,661 8,548 2,943 992 675 317 3,434 681 6.0 11.7 6.3 10.7 22.0 32.3 23.3 10.0 22.8 2,509 4,065 206 354 78 754 1,155 75 115 20 377 601 49 72 11 39,221 62,074 8,336 17,570 1,612 13,294 19,932 2,733 5,420 471 8,116 12,574 2,146 3,650 281 6.4 5.5 12.0 8.9 23.4 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 987 695 621 300 599 577 459 320 235 173 293 244 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 16,818 11,362 10,372 8,027 11,573 8,091 10,152 6,874 5,630 5,645 7,212 4,538 6.2 7.3 7.6 8.5 7.0 7.1 250 414 2,503 77 130 778 43 93 356 13,970 18,313 49,173 4,460 5,987 16,520 3,302 4,581 10,587 10.4 10.8 6.2 574 74 59 339 413 78 173 16 20 91 146 29 96 20 14 89 73 14 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 4,852 692 1,304 3,633 3,897 961 3,320 746 819 3,343 2,808 583 10.0 16.6 16.3 12.5 9.8 17.2 4,357 4,223 2,604 1,178 264 1,203 1,176 809 369 101 594 579 380 223 46 64,403 62,056 50,281 29,453 5,952 20,168 19,610 17,027 9,492 2,136 12,550 12,295 10,779 6,747 1,312 5.8 5.9 6.3 7.1 12.5 See footnotes at end of table. 138 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A28. Additional Operating Hours for Equipment Use, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Type of Equipment Type of Equipment Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating and/or Cooling Lighting All Buildings Heating and/or Cooling Lighting RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 1.2 1.4 0.7 1.0 1.3 Energy Management Practices (more than one may apply) Energy Management and Control System ......................... Demand-Side Management Participation ..................................... Energy Audit .................................... Building Energy Manager ................ Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program .................... HVAC Program ................................ Lighting Program ............................. Other DSM Programs ...................... 236 315 521 49 80 124 188 12 38 63 82 9 14,320 11,310 14,779 2,311 4,970 3,956 5,473 545 3,820 2,834 3,792 485 10.4 9.6 9.3 21.3 36 154 228 110 13 63 87 39 4 34 45 29 1,079 6,370 8,805 6,176 372 2,235 2,900 1,911 251 1,540 2,082 1,612 24.0 12.2 11.6 13.9 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 139 Table A29. Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Energy Sources Used (more than one may apply) All Buildings Using Any Energy Source Building Characteristics All Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat District Chilled Water Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.6 2.2 1.6 2.0 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (Square Feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ........... 4,806 4,620 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 103 7.7 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 2,543 954 628 275 114 70 25 9 2,539 954 628 275 114 70 25 9 1,331 574 420 181 83 52 18 6 288 125 62 39 21 11 10 4 18 11 28 16 10 6 5 1 Q Q 8 9 Q 2 2 1 218 62 32 15 6 3 Q Q 70 25 Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.8 10.7 11.6 13.0 13.0 15.3 16.5 30.1 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 301 130 260 63 154 1,270 749 24 278 60 366 685 65 215 301 130 260 63 154 1,268 749 24 278 60 366 685 65 213 196 71 196 45 98 765 474 11 171 37 209 265 29 98 28 Q 22 7 18 198 87 Q 29 15 60 63 11 13 21 Q Q 2 9 9 24 Q 10 Q Q Q 4 2 9 Q Q Q Q Q 8 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 16 Q 30 Q 17 107 15 Q 26 Q 52 40 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 49 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 15.8 26.6 16.3 27.0 20.8 11.6 12.5 49.5 15.6 32.3 18.3 14.3 29.9 18.3 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 169 244 683 839 759 945 855 127 169 244 681 839 759 945 855 124 112 178 437 515 465 517 387 53 31 52 105 107 89 91 74 8 4 10 13 22 22 9 11 Q Q Q Q 7 5 5 Q Q Q Q 42 60 53 67 73 20 Q Q 37 Q Q Q Q Q 24.3 18.6 13.4 13.2 12.4 12.4 11.7 26.2 771 1,202 1,963 870 755 1,141 1,878 845 755 1,139 1,876 845 370 847 888 560 284 79 182 14 23 24 28 21 2 7 10 9 71 80 153 Q Q 35 38 Q 14.6 14.8 12.4 18.1 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 4,616 2,665 556 95 28 335 159 2,665 2,665 130 35 15 20 43 556 130 559 11 2 61 34 95 35 11 95 24 Q Q 28 15 2 24 28 Q Q 335 20 61 Q Q 337 Q 99 23 Q Q Q Q 103 7.6 10.3 15.5 16.7 24.0 22.4 19.4 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 4,173 3,502 3,502 734 118 2,627 2,263 2,333 532 83 554 378 435 101 20 95 82 82 19 6 28 28 22 8 Q 330 230 244 84 15 102 29 49 Q Q 7.7 8.0 7.9 11.2 24.5 See footnotes at end of table. 140 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A29. Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Energy Sources Used (more than one may apply) All Buildings Using Any Energy Source Building Characteristics All Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat District Chilled Water Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.6 2.2 1.6 2.0 Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD ................. 5,500-7,000 HDD ........................ 4,000-5,499 HDD ........................ Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............... More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................... Owner Occupied ............................ Nonowner Occupied ...................... Unoccupied .................................... Government Owned ......................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ......... Computer Room .............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ....... Activity with Large Amounts of Hot Water ..................................... 399 1,134 1,077 1,101 1,095 382 1,089 1,043 1,058 1,048 382 1,089 1,039 1,058 1,048 228 766 481 649 541 80 184 211 Q 32 10 29 27 13 16 Q 5 4 10 9 34 70 105 88 41 Q Q 39 Q Q 26.9 19.1 23.1 23.9 20.3 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 2,534 895 560 405 130 64 31 2,530 895 560 405 130 64 31 1,266 560 383 300 87 48 22 304 94 67 43 21 15 14 22 14 22 17 10 4 7 Q Q 10 5 3 2 3 215 64 33 16 5 4 Q 84 Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.7 10.7 12.8 13.0 15.7 15.3 14.6 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 891 1,270 994 641 475 349 889 1,270 992 641 475 349 407 753 599 404 299 202 119 146 131 77 41 44 11 34 16 9 7 19 Q 8 4 4 Q 5 94 59 69 44 46 26 Q 34 Q Q Q Q 14.3 11.0 12.0 10.8 15.2 13.6 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 4,041 3,131 796 114 578 4,037 3,127 796 114 578 2,309 1,814 458 37 356 483 413 63 Q 75 44 35 9 Q 51 11 9 Q Q 18 305 240 57 Q 32 94 78 Q Q Q 8.7 9.1 13.6 24.9 12.3 735 223 236 203 735 223 236 203 735 223 236 203 533 149 162 154 101 51 43 23 19 11 17 6 8 5 3 2 84 18 22 29 Q Q Q Q 11.3 15.1 15.9 14.7 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 141 Table A30. Energy Sources, Percent of Buildings, 1992 Energy Sources Used (more than one may apply) All Buildings Using Any Energy Source Building Characteristics All Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat District Chilled Water Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: -- 0.1 0.1 0.7 2.1 2.9 4.2 2.7 3.3 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (Square Feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ........... 100.0 96.1 96.0 55.5 11.6 2.0 0.6 7.0 2.2 4.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 94.8 97.9 97.1 97.9 98.7 99.7 96.8 99.9 94.7 97.9 97.1 97.9 98.5 99.7 96.8 99.9 49.6 58.9 64.8 64.6 71.7 73.7 70.9 64.7 10.7 12.8 9.5 13.7 18.4 15.5 38.7 37.9 0.7 1.1 4.4 5.6 8.4 8.9 18.1 15.6 Q Q 1.2 3.3 Q 2.9 9.0 7.2 8.1 6.4 5.0 5.4 4.8 4.4 Q Q 2.6 2.6 Q Q Q Q Q Q 6.6 7.4 7.6 7.9 6.3 6.1 10.1 6.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 90.0 94.2 67.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 90.0 94.2 66.6 65.2 54.6 75.6 71.5 63.8 60.2 63.3 45.8 61.4 61.8 57.1 34.8 41.6 30.8 9.2 Q 8.5 11.7 11.7 15.6 11.6 Q 10.4 24.3 16.5 8.2 16.4 4.1 7.0 Q Q 3.6 5.9 0.7 3.2 Q 3.7 Q Q Q 5.6 0.8 3.0 Q Q Q Q Q 1.0 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 5.2 Q 11.6 Q 11.4 8.4 2.1 Q 9.4 Q 14.1 5.3 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 3.8 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 8.2 15.8 8.4 12.9 11.1 5.0 7.1 33.8 9.5 14.2 9.5 13.2 27.8 22.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 95.7 94.2 95.4 96.9 96.2 96.7 98.9 100.0 95.5 94.0 95.4 96.9 96.2 96.7 97.3 66.5 69.7 60.4 58.6 59.4 52.7 43.8 41.4 18.4 20.3 14.5 12.2 11.4 9.3 8.4 6.6 2.2 3.9 1.8 2.6 2.9 0.9 1.3 Q Q Q Q 0.8 0.7 0.5 Q Q Q Q 5.8 6.9 6.7 6.8 8.3 15.3 Q Q 5.1 Q Q Q Q Q 0.9 11.7 9.4 8.2 7.0 8.2 8.2 13.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.0 94.9 95.7 97.1 98.0 94.7 95.6 97.1 48.0 70.5 45.2 64.4 36.8 6.6 9.3 1.6 3.0 2.0 1.4 2.4 0.3 0.6 0.5 1.0 9.3 6.7 7.8 Q Q 2.9 1.9 Q 9.3 8.9 7.1 10.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.6 99.7 100.0 99.4 97.5 57.7 100.0 23.2 36.6 52.9 6.1 26.6 12.1 4.9 100.0 11.7 8.6 18.0 20.6 2.1 1.3 2.0 100.0 83.5 Q Q 0.6 0.6 0.4 24.9 100.0 Q Q 7.3 0.8 10.9 Q Q 100.0 Q 2.2 0.8 Q Q Q Q 63.4 4.3 6.5 8.0 7.3 8.9 15.0 11.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.2 62.9 64.6 66.6 72.4 68.9 13.3 10.8 12.4 13.7 16.8 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 5.4 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.1 Q 7.9 6.6 7.0 11.5 12.0 2.4 0.8 1.4 Q Q 3.4 4.5 4.4 6.0 13.0 See footnotes at end of table. 142 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A30. Energy Sources, Percent of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) Energy Sources Used (more than one may apply) All Buildings Using Any Energy Source Building Characteristics All Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat District Chilled Water Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: -- 0.1 0.1 0.7 2.1 2.9 4.2 2.7 3.3 Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD ................. 5,500-7,000 HDD ........................ 4,000-5,499 HDD ........................ Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............... More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................... Owner Occupied ............................ Nonowner Occupied ...................... Unoccupied .................................... Government Owned ......................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ......... Computer Room .............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ....... Activity with Large Amounts of Hot Water ..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 95.6 96.1 96.9 96.1 95.7 95.6 96.1 96.5 96.1 95.7 57.2 67.6 44.7 58.9 49.4 20.2 16.2 19.6 4.7 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.5 1.2 1.4 Q 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.8 8.4 6.1 9.7 8.0 3.7 Q Q 3.7 Q Q 16.1 9.7 9.0 11.9 9.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 93.2 100.0 99.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 93.1 100.0 99.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 46.6 62.5 68.3 74.0 67.1 74.7 69.3 11.2 10.5 12.0 10.6 16.4 23.9 43.2 0.8 1.6 3.9 4.1 7.9 5.6 21.7 Q Q 1.7 1.2 2.5 3.0 8.6 7.9 7.2 5.8 3.9 3.8 6.0 Q 3.1 Q Q Q Q Q Q 6.9 6.9 6.1 7.4 8.3 7.5 7.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 85.7 99.3 99.0 99.4 99.3 96.5 85.5 99.3 98.8 99.4 99.3 96.5 39.1 58.9 59.7 62.7 62.5 55.9 11.5 11.4 13.1 11.9 8.6 12.3 1.0 2.6 1.6 1.3 1.5 5.2 Q 0.6 0.4 0.6 Q 1.5 9.1 4.6 6.9 6.8 9.5 7.0 Q 2.6 Q Q Q Q 11.9 5.5 7.0 5.8 7.7 9.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 96.1 98.1 97.4 58.0 96.5 96.0 98.0 97.4 58.0 96.5 54.9 56.8 56.1 18.9 59.4 11.5 12.9 7.8 Q 12.6 1.0 1.1 1.1 Q 8.5 0.3 0.3 Q Q 2.9 7.2 7.5 6.9 Q 5.4 2.2 2.4 Q Q Q 5.5 5.3 9.0 56.4 6.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.8 100.0 72.5 66.7 68.5 75.7 13.7 23.0 18.3 11.4 2.5 5.1 7.0 3.2 1.1 2.4 1.4 1.2 11.4 8.1 9.4 14.1 Q Q Q Q 6.0 7.0 5.6 8.1 -- = Data not applicable. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 143 Table A31. Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Energy Sources Used (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings Total Floorspace of All Buildings Using Any Energy Source Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat District Chilled Water Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.5 2.1 1.6 1.9 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (Square Feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ........... 67,876 66,574 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 518 7.1 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 7,006 7,057 10,097 9,856 7,951 9,658 7,678 7,271 6,996 7,057 10,097 9,856 7,936 9,658 7,678 7,271 3,761 4,266 6,865 6,510 5,735 7,134 5,648 5,177 829 925 978 1,377 1,539 1,573 3,017 2,980 56 73 450 545 653 780 1,532 1,250 Q Q 115 311 Q 252 737 515 573 466 456 501 411 500 Q Q 177 185 Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.9 10.6 11.3 13.2 12.9 15.2 16.7 24.5 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,399 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,179 1,124 3,407 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,393 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,179 1,124 3,388 6,849 512 1,145 1,557 2,233 9,382 7,855 Q 2,537 582 2,899 6,339 819 2,021 1,837 Q 142 1,093 827 2,106 3,605 Q 825 251 532 1,012 278 575 688 Q Q 403 580 148 1,713 Q 348 Q Q Q 326 410 253 Q Q 227 Q Q 659 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 470 Q 158 Q 357 742 211 Q 281 Q 247 625 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 203 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 13.7 28.1 19.8 17.8 22.3 15.5 12.2 47.8 28.0 40.8 21.1 16.7 25.8 29.0 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,721 3,416 8,400 10,135 12,479 13,781 14,153 2,489 1,721 3,402 8,396 10,135 12,479 13,781 14,153 2,483 1,249 2,826 5,738 7,294 8,900 9,230 8,230 1,630 344 764 1,748 1,647 2,363 2,747 2,862 743 91 269 1,135 566 1,419 976 681 202 Q Q Q 241 376 632 243 164 Q Q 390 401 642 786 810 212 Q Q 199 Q Q Q Q Q 23.5 25.4 17.0 13.6 14.2 12.8 14.8 18.3 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 13,235 16,920 24,004 12,415 13,235 16,914 23,985 12,415 8,559 13,838 13,408 9,292 5,535 2,541 3,582 1,559 1,560 1,884 983 912 302 684 659 421 1,041 579 1,514 260 Q 140 168 Q 14.3 12.2 11.7 14.0 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 66,549 45,097 13,211 5,324 2,066 3,386 1,541 45,097 45,097 8,450 2,798 1,109 814 788 13,211 8,450 13,218 1,280 588 1,243 375 5,324 2,798 1,280 5,339 1,737 Q Q 2,066 1,109 588 1,737 2,066 Q Q 3,386 814 1,243 Q Q 3,393 Q 508 181 Q Q Q Q 518 7.1 8.9 11.0 14.2 22.1 19.1 28.1 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 61,971 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,167 44,624 41,423 43,151 18,487 2,546 12,933 12,081 12,605 7,452 739 5,324 4,786 5,177 2,280 486 2,063 2,066 1,978 920 Q 3,340 2,837 2,961 1,549 299 511 206 322 Q Q 7.3 7.9 7.5 10.7 22.4 See footnotes at end of table. 144 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A31. Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Energy Sources Used (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings Total Floorspace of All Buildings Using Any Energy Source Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat District Chilled Water Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.5 2.1 1.6 1.9 Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD ................. 5,500-7,000 HDD ........................ 4,000-5,499 HDD ........................ Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............... More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................... Owner Occupied ............................ Nonowner Occupied ...................... Unoccupied .................................... Government Owned ......................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ......... Computer Room .............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ....... Activity with Large Amounts of Hot Water ..................................... 5,623 18,024 16,162 15,251 12,816 5,476 17,730 15,990 14,878 12,501 5,476 17,730 15,965 14,878 12,501 3,685 13,771 10,517 11,017 6,107 1,551 4,208 4,009 2,191 1,259 513 1,944 1,706 595 581 Q 574 526 437 467 481 716 869 646 682 Q Q 139 Q Q 23.6 15.1 15.3 21.2 17.7 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 16,665 7,524 8,054 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 16,640 7,524 8,054 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 8,079 4,494 5,484 8,357 5,982 6,076 6,625 1,793 786 884 1,094 1,487 2,314 4,860 410 321 494 518 806 674 2,115 Q Q 193 191 327 192 868 929 510 402 445 384 484 Q 332 Q Q Q Q Q Q 15.1 13.1 14.3 13.0 17.5 17.5 14.0 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 7,101 14,952 14,026 12,028 8,455 10,011 7,083 14,952 14,020 12,028 8,455 10,011 4,032 9,529 9,575 9,141 6,509 6,311 1,137 2,448 2,473 2,320 1,695 3,145 375 807 1,059 702 508 1,888 Q 312 357 178 278 724 522 532 674 533 493 639 Q 138 Q Q Q Q 15.9 11.7 10.9 14.6 17.5 16.7 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 51,612 38,173 12,156 1,283 14,962 51,601 38,162 12,156 1,283 14,948 34,151 26,187 7,466 498 10,945 9,420 7,627 1,600 Q 3,798 2,893 2,541 350 Q 2,446 1,074 896 Q Q 992 2,694 2,066 589 Q 699 478 400 Q Q Q 7.8 7.6 15.7 27.1 12.2 22,166 14,199 8,042 6,862 22,166 14,199 8,036 6,862 22,166 14,199 8,036 6,862 18,488 10,618 6,332 5,725 7,452 5,745 2,995 2,445 2,280 2,124 1,627 818 920 839 500 416 1,545 925 542 561 Q Q Q Q 10.0 11.6 12.4 15.5 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 145 Table A32. Energy Sources, Percent of Floorspace, 1992 Total Floorspace of All Buildings Using Any Energy Source Energy Sources Used (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat District Chilled Water Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: -- 0.1 0.1 0.8 2.0 3.2 4.8 3.5 4.1 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (Square Feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ........... 100.0 98.1 98.0 66.4 19.5 7.9 3.0 5.0 0.8 3.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 95.6 98.0 97.3 97.9 98.6 99.8 97.3 99.9 95.5 98.0 97.3 97.9 98.4 99.8 97.3 99.9 51.3 59.3 66.2 64.7 71.1 73.7 71.6 71.1 11.3 12.8 9.4 13.7 19.1 16.3 38.2 40.9 0.8 1.0 4.3 5.4 8.1 8.1 19.4 17.2 Q Q 1.1 3.1 Q 2.6 9.3 7.1 7.8 6.5 4.4 5.0 5.1 5.2 Q Q 2.4 2.6 Q Q Q Q Q Q 6.7 7.5 7.7 8.0 6.9 5.8 10.0 5.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.3 99.5 77.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.3 99.5 77.1 80.9 67.7 76.8 88.3 77.3 75.7 63.8 Q 55.7 71.0 77.4 55.2 72.5 46.0 21.7 Q 9.5 62.0 28.6 17.0 29.3 Q 18.1 30.6 14.2 8.8 24.6 13.1 8.1 Q Q 22.9 20.1 1.2 13.9 Q 7.6 Q Q Q 28.9 9.3 3.0 Q Q 12.9 Q Q 5.3 Q Q Q Q Q 15.7 Q 5.6 Q 10.6 Q 12.3 6.0 1.7 Q 6.2 Q 6.6 5.4 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1.6 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 5.9 11.8 10.3 4.7 7.7 3.3 5.9 100.0 16.2 12.1 7.2 9.9 8.7 26.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 94.7 96.4 97.3 98.9 98.3 99.1 99.5 100.0 94.3 96.4 97.3 98.9 98.3 99.1 99.2 72.6 78.3 65.9 70.0 70.6 65.9 57.6 65.2 20.0 21.2 20.1 15.8 18.7 19.6 20.0 29.7 5.3 7.5 13.0 5.4 11.3 7.0 4.8 8.1 Q Q Q 2.3 3.0 4.5 1.7 6.6 Q Q 4.5 3.8 5.1 5.6 5.7 8.5 Q Q 2.3 Q Q Q Q Q 1.5 16.3 9.8 7.8 6.2 6.9 6.5 7.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.8 97.9 97.7 98.4 98.8 97.9 97.6 98.4 63.9 80.1 54.6 73.6 41.3 14.7 14.6 12.4 11.6 10.9 4.0 7.2 2.3 4.0 2.7 3.3 7.8 3.3 6.2 2.1 Q 0.8 0.7 Q 8.0 6.5 6.3 8.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.7 100.0 99.8 99.3 67.8 100.0 63.9 52.4 53.7 24.0 50.8 19.9 18.7 100.0 24.0 28.5 36.6 24.2 8.0 6.2 9.7 100.0 84.1 Q Q 3.1 2.5 4.5 32.5 100.0 Q Q 5.1 1.8 9.4 Q Q 100.0 Q 0.8 0.4 Q Q Q Q 33.4 3.3 4.7 3.9 5.0 8.2 8.8 11.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.8 72.0 72.6 73.8 80.2 80.2 20.9 21.2 21.6 32.3 23.3 8.6 8.4 8.9 9.9 15.3 3.3 3.6 3.4 4.0 Q 5.4 5.0 5.1 6.7 9.4 0.8 0.4 0.6 Q Q 2.5 3.6 3.5 4.8 6.8 See footnotes at end of table. 146 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A32. Energy Sources, Percent of Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Total Floorspace of All Buildings Using Any Energy Source Energy Sources Used (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat District Chilled Water Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: -- 0.1 0.1 0.8 2.0 3.2 4.8 3.5 4.1 Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD ................. 5,500-7,000 HDD ........................ 4,000-5,499 HDD ........................ Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............... More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................... Owner Occupied ............................ Nonowner Occupied ...................... Unoccupied .................................... Government Owned ......................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ......... Computer Room .............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ....... Activity with Large Amounts of Hot Water ..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.4 98.4 98.9 97.5 97.5 97.4 98.4 98.8 97.5 97.5 65.5 76.4 65.1 72.2 47.7 27.6 23.3 24.8 14.4 9.8 9.1 10.8 10.6 3.9 4.5 Q 3.2 3.3 2.9 3.6 8.6 4.0 5.4 4.2 5.3 Q Q 0.9 Q Q 13.7 7.1 6.2 8.8 9.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 92.9 100.0 99.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 92.7 100.0 99.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 45.0 59.7 67.9 79.2 77.1 82.4 76.7 10.0 10.4 10.9 10.4 19.1 31.4 56.3 2.3 4.3 6.1 4.9 10.4 9.1 24.5 Q Q 2.4 1.8 4.2 2.6 10.1 5.2 6.8 5.0 4.2 4.9 6.6 Q 1.9 Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.1 7.9 6.3 5.8 7.9 6.1 4.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 86.1 99.7 99.9 99.7 99.9 99.5 85.9 99.7 99.8 99.7 99.9 99.5 48.9 63.5 68.2 75.8 76.9 62.8 13.8 16.3 17.6 19.2 20.0 31.3 4.5 5.4 7.5 5.8 6.0 18.8 Q 2.1 2.5 1.5 3.3 7.2 6.3 3.5 4.8 4.4 5.8 6.4 Q 0.9 Q Q Q Q 13.9 5.1 4.0 5.3 5.3 6.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.8 99.4 99.1 61.8 98.9 97.8 99.4 99.1 61.8 98.8 64.7 68.2 60.8 24.0 72.4 17.9 19.9 13.0 Q 25.1 5.5 6.6 2.9 Q 16.2 2.0 2.3 Q Q 6.6 5.1 5.4 4.8 Q 4.6 0.9 1.0 Q Q Q 4.6 3.8 7.9 99.6 5.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 100.0 83.4 74.8 78.7 83.4 33.6 40.5 37.2 35.6 10.3 15.0 20.2 11.9 4.2 5.9 6.2 6.1 7.0 6.5 6.7 8.2 Q Q Q Q 3.8 4.6 3.4 5.8 -- = Data not applicable. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 147 Table A33. Energy End Uses, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Energy Used For: Energy Used For: Building Characteristics All Space Buildings Heating Cooling Water Heating Cooking Manufacturing All Space Buildings Heating Cooling Water Heating Cooking Manufacturing RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.1 2.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.3 2.5 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Other .............................................. 4,806 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 67,876 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 5.1 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 2,247 883 585 255 110 64 24 9 1,792 758 519 236 103 59 24 9 1,733 787 539 240 108 62 25 9 320 137 114 70 44 29 15 6 32 32 32 11 9 3 1 1 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 6,210 6,533 9,424 9,132 7,622 8,730 7,470 6,876 4,994 5,601 8,364 8,435 7,185 8,072 7,217 7,174 4,928 5,834 8,724 8,637 7,489 8,492 7,466 6,910 903 998 1,852 2,627 3,110 4,062 4,639 4,874 97 245 495 382 618 442 257 637 7.5 6.3 7.1 9.4 8.6 10.7 13.2 26.3 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 295 120 249 61 150 1,214 745 17 257 60 364 445 48 154 251 119 244 59 120 942 731 12 208 47 286 324 44 114 230 124 259 62 152 923 705 13 235 58 265 311 43 121 98 40 244 6 38 89 30 Q 82 Q 68 13 Q 18 Q Q Q Q Q 43 20 Q Q Q Q 35 8 Q 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 8,379 723 1,435 1,746 2,870 11,835 12,255 1,165 4,470 820 3,737 8,800 1,025 2,738 7,389 725 1,449 1,747 2,493 10,874 12,198 922 4,077 741 3,121 7,885 1,040 2,382 8,036 739 1,490 1,760 2,869 10,809 12,030 933 4,346 804 3,384 7,887 1,001 2,391 5,676 350 1,450 1,289 1,600 3,806 3,674 Q 2,669 Q 1,231 349 Q 507 Q Q Q Q Q 532 363 Q Q Q Q 1,395 298 Q 9.6 19.1 10.6 16.9 15.9 9.3 8.5 40.7 17.8 27.5 15.1 11.9 18.8 18.2 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 158 232 623 760 687 850 761 107 119 169 491 643 563 741 682 93 126 202 507 638 580 721 649 79 41 42 101 134 120 154 122 21 Q Q 21 20 11 31 21 Q 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,637 3,329 7,717 9,371 11,548 12,814 13,276 2,303 1,307 2,759 6,586 8,260 10,601 12,286 12,985 2,258 1,457 3,126 7,004 8,784 11,006 12,369 12,565 2,167 495 1,334 2,225 2,849 4,920 5,071 5,313 859 Q Q 542 748 394 652 579 Q 16.6 17.1 10.6 8.9 9.5 8.2 10.4 16.7 771 1,202 1,963 870 694 1,047 1,687 750 521 784 1,569 627 625 906 1,307 664 142 201 257 134 26 38 37 19 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 12,858 16,303 21,659 11,176 11,158 14,383 21,205 10,296 12,410 15,460 19,592 11,017 5,740 5,800 7,768 3,757 756 895 1,039 484 9.6 9.4 8.8 10.4 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 4,173 2,627 554 95 28 330 161 3,502 2,263 378 82 28 230 71 3,502 2,333 435 82 22 244 96 734 532 101 19 8 84 13 118 83 20 6 Q 15 Q 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 61,971 44,624 12,933 5,324 2,063 3,340 1,522 57,041 41,423 12,081 4,786 2,066 2,837 1,117 58,479 43,151 12,605 5,177 1,978 2,961 1,287 23,065 18,487 7,452 2,280 920 1,549 399 3,167 2,546 739 486 Q 299 Q 5.1 5.9 10.0 14.4 22.3 15.4 22.5 See footnotes at end of table. 148 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A33. Energy End Uses, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Energy Used For: Energy Used For: Building Characteristics All Space Buildings Heating Cooling Water Heating Cooking Manufacturing All Space Buildings Heating Cooling Water Heating Cooking Manufacturing RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.1 2.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.3 2.5 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating .......................................... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ............................... Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD .................. 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ..................... 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ..................... Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................ More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation .................................... Computer Room ............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ..................................... Activities with Large Amounts of Hot Water ................... 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 4,178 3,439 3,436 715 117 3,439 3,502 3,016 663 92 3,436 3,016 3,502 728 102 715 663 728 734 13 117 92 102 13 121 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 61,996 56,073 57,708 22,736 3,121 56,073 57,041 53,839 22,003 2,870 57,708 53,839 58,479 22,993 2,976 22,736 22,003 22,993 23,065 528 3,121 2,870 2,976 528 3,174 5.1 5.4 5.3 7.8 15.1 399 1,134 1,077 1,101 1,095 344 1,018 959 955 903 229 766 753 838 915 298 892 815 770 726 65 198 181 158 133 19 36 23 20 23 5,623 18,024 16,162 15,251 12,816 5,218 17,196 14,966 13,537 11,079 4,267 14,977 13,549 12,870 11,379 4,956 16,377 14,359 12,791 9,996 1,754 6,781 5,847 4,695 3,989 315 1,254 490 468 647 17.4 11.4 15.1 16.4 14.5 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 2,154 861 540 401 128 64 30 1,623 781 502 384 118 63 31 1,609 777 512 384 126 62 31 260 155 126 105 43 26 18 42 20 23 27 6 3 1 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 13,604 7,075 7,528 10,440 7,652 7,323 8,374 10,719 6,249 6,954 9,990 7,313 7,195 8,621 11,207 6,432 7,089 10,215 7,644 7,278 8,613 2,678 1,326 1,719 3,419 3,424 3,998 6,502 334 256 384 916 395 561 328 10.5 7.7 9.1 8.3 10.6 12.4 11.6 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 725 1,186 920 603 436 307 513 1,007 786 528 405 262 507 979 764 518 435 300 116 89 83 149 218 78 Q 46 34 19 7 6 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 6,000 13,745 13,251 11,529 8,141 9,329 4,632 12,558 12,218 11,158 7,742 8,733 5,005 12,613 12,405 11,308 8,020 9,128 1,828 3,010 3,118 5,195 4,750 5,163 Q 891 920 418 403 410 11.1 7.6 7.5 8.4 10.6 13.4 735 223 236 203 714 222 229 194 661 223 215 164 729 211 219 202 732 53 70 80 13 16 19 8 22,166 14,199 8,042 6,862 21,833 14,170 7,995 6,829 21,096 14,199 7,744 6,546 22,095 13,947 7,890 6,857 22,159 7,328 4,178 4,813 525 810 864 421 7.2 10.1 9.9 10.8 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 149 Table A34. End-Use Combinations, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Heated Buildings with Air Conditioning and-Heated Buildings Without Air Conditioning and-- Building Characteristics All Buildings with Water Heating and Cooking with Water Heating but Not Cooking Without Water Heating or Cooking with Water Heating and Cooking with Water Heating but Not Cooking Without Water Heating or Cooking Buildings Without Heating, Cooling, All Other Water Heating, Combinations or Cooking RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.7 0.5 1.0 2.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.1 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Other ................................................ 4,806 651 2,339 445 60 387 292 524 108 8.4 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 275 124 101 60 41 27 15 6 1,140 569 370 161 58 30 9 2 337 59 35 12 Q Q Q Q 25 Q 10 9 Q Q Q Q 244 77 49 8 5 Q Q Q 223 43 18 Q Q Q Q Q 362 82 47 21 4 Q 1 Q 75 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.7 13.2 16.3 19.2 19.0 18.9 25.1 55.2 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 84 36 229 6 32 84 28 Q 67 Q 58 10 Q 9 102 70 Q 50 86 677 661 11 122 43 157 235 35 78 65 Q Q Q Q 167 37 Q Q Q 69 56 Q 24 13 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 27 Q Q Q 24 152 Q Q 27 Q 41 58 Q 18 Q Q Q Q Q 132 Q Q Q Q Q 85 Q 16 Q Q Q Q Q 42 Q 7 Q Q Q 287 Q 157 Q Q Q Q Q 17 Q Q Q Q Q 29 Q Q 17.7 31.8 14.6 30.1 25.7 13.9 15.7 51.2 19.0 39.0 21.2 17.8 35.7 23.1 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 37 35 76 116 102 148 116 21 67 108 332 421 379 494 483 54 Q 27 76 92 69 77 71 18 Q Q 19 13 11 Q Q Q 18 53 73 70 65 64 41 Q Q Q 44 46 59 64 46 Q Q 22 91 97 71 105 107 20 Q Q Q 24 27 26 18 Q 27.5 22.4 15.3 14.5 14.9 15.2 15.6 29.1 771 1,202 1,963 870 125 177 244 105 368 560 989 422 26 45 289 85 15 22 Q 22 107 139 50 91 52 104 112 24 67 147 221 89 Q Q 58 32 16.4 14.9 13.5 19.7 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 651 477 82 16 8 71 7 2,339 1,549 248 53 15 118 55 445 215 48 12 Q 39 Q 60 41 17 Q Q Q Q 387 241 86 10 Q 40 Q 288 101 74 Q Q 53 59 338 Q Q Q Q Q Q 108 36 Q Q Q Q Q 8.4 11.4 19.7 23.8 41.1 24.5 30.8 See footnotes at end of table. 150 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A34. End-Use Combinations, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Heated Buildings with Air Conditioning and-Heated Buildings Without Air Conditioning and-- Building Characteristics All Buildings with Water Heating and Cooking with Water Heating but Not Cooking Without Water Heating or Cooking with Water Heating and Cooking with Water Heating but Not Cooking Without Water Heating or Cooking Buildings Without Heating, Cooling, All Other Water Heating, Combinations or Cooking RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.7 0.5 1.0 2.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.1 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........................................... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ................................. Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD .................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ....................... 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ....................... Fewer than 4,000 HDD .................. More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD .................. Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 651 651 651 651 11 2,339 2,339 2,339 Q 73 445 445 Q Q Q 60 Q 60 60 Q 387 Q 387 Q Q 292 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 67 66 24 Q 8.3 8.9 8.5 10.4 34.6 399 1,134 1,077 1,101 1,095 54 175 165 132 123 162 545 517 552 563 Q 44 67 143 179 Q 22 Q Q Q 70 145 105 54 Q 34 87 94 55 21 53 111 98 125 137 Q Q Q 23 58 25.5 18.2 26.5 26.4 18.5 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 224 136 112 98 38 25 18 1,042 554 352 267 76 36 12 316 78 31 16 Q Q Q 21 15 Q 7 Q Q Q 278 62 30 10 Q Q Q 270 Q Q Q Q Q Q 494 19 Q Q Q Q Q 73 Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.5 15.6 15.3 17.3 17.7 17.9 18.8 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 90 74 75 142 201 68 283 781 587 324 180 183 123 141 104 58 Q Q 20 11 Q Q Q Q 103 101 81 39 29 32 103 79 65 32 Q Q 290 75 57 35 22 44 26 16 27 Q 20 Q 13.9 14.4 14.2 15.6 17.0 19.6 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 151 Table A35. End-Use Combinations, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Heated Buildings with Air Conditioning and-Heated Buildings Without Air Conditioning and-- Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings with Water Heating and Cooking with Water Heating but Not Cooking Without Water Heating or Cooking with Water Heating and Cooking with Water Heating but Not Cooking Without Water Heating or Cooking Buildings Without Heating, Cooling, All Other Water Heating, Combinations or Cooking RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.7 0.5 1.1 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.1 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Other .............................................. 67,876 21,648 31,692 2,679 1,019 3,349 1,540 4,638 1,312 9.9 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 757 901 1,667 2,254 2,953 3,902 4,574 4,641 3,253 4,221 5,980 5,675 3,985 4,024 2,565 1,989 862 425 518 389 110 136 54 Q 89 94 142 350 Q Q Q 1 702 565 810 273 350 405 Q Q 540 327 293 168 81 Q Q Q 918 585 711 773 323 937 347 44 206 81 255 187 137 Q Q Q 11.0 14.0 16.7 21.2 22.9 26.8 27.0 16.8 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 5,124 335 1,380 1,281 1,475 3,562 3,622 Q 2,535 279 1,069 341 114 Q 1,893 351 35 446 982 6,199 8,284 636 1,423 462 1,775 6,781 850 1,574 357 Q Q Q Q 766 195 Q 99 Q 272 528 33 199 537 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 122 Q 143 Q Q 42 392 28 Q Q 267 763 99 Q 250 56 393 624 Q 250 Q Q Q Q Q 531 Q Q 35 Q 66 520 Q 208 Q Q Q Q Q 221 Q 459 56 Q Q 2,370 57 1,468 Q 34 Q Q Q Q Q Q 36 Q Q Q Q Q 18.8 31.2 29.7 29.1 26.7 17.6 17.9 52.8 31.0 47.4 26.0 19.7 35.4 25.6 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 473 1,249 1,898 2,511 4,618 4,806 5,256 837 754 1,368 4,179 5,218 5,306 6,668 6,944 1,255 79 133 480 420 513 407 519 127 Q 85 311 310 233 Q Q Q 208 424 566 653 604 572 292 Q 101 71 278 245 253 331 215 47 Q 269 923 902 778 788 740 154 Q Q 77 162 307 Q Q Q 30.7 28.8 21.9 18.5 20.6 16.5 19.5 27.3 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 5,395 5,530 7,658 3,064 5,515 8,569 11,337 6,271 239 274 1,731 435 339 262 Q 401 1,118 1,032 395 804 252 634 487 167 493 909 2,442 794 49 Q 510 682 20.3 15.6 16.0 19.3 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 21,648 17,427 7,009 2,055 911 1,353 344 31,692 22,412 4,534 2,600 1,064 1,216 746 2,679 1,207 283 110 82 226 Q 1,019 754 205 204 Q 153 Q 3,349 2,161 615 303 Q 190 142 1,515 625 287 Q Q 197 219 3,336 Q Q Q Q Q Q 1,312 Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.2 11.2 18.3 26.7 37.5 26.0 35.7 See footnotes at end of table. 152 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A35. End-Use Combinations, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Heated Buildings with Air Conditioning and-Heated Buildings Without Air Conditioning and-- Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings with Water Heating and Cooking with Water Heating but Not Cooking Without Water Heating or Cooking with Water Heating and Cooking with Water Heating but Not Cooking Without Water Heating or Cooking Buildings Without Heating, Cooling, All Other Water Heating, Combinations or Cooking RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.7 0.5 1.1 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.1 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating .......................................... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ............................... Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD .................. 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ..................... 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ..................... Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................ More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 21,648 21,648 21,648 21,648 487 31,692 31,692 31,692 Q 2,287 2,679 2,679 Q Q 62 1,019 Q 1,019 1,019 Q 3,349 Q 3,349 Q 146 1,540 Q Q Q 106 Q Q Q Q Q 69 1,023 771 Q Q 10.5 10.2 10.8 12.7 31.0 5,623 18,024 16,162 15,251 12,816 1,640 6,292 5,666 4,182 3,867 2,471 8,383 7,577 7,543 5,718 Q 293 274 714 1,244 111 489 164 254 Q 686 1,191 851 517 105 153 548 435 294 111 358 804 1,082 1,263 1,130 Q 24 113 Q 642 26.5 18.4 21.8 25.2 24.1 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 2,498 1,116 1,531 3,145 3,215 3,872 6,270 6,625 4,408 4,870 6,485 3,980 3,233 2,091 1,266 618 441 264 39 Q Q 135 181 160 251 192 Q Q 1,702 661 467 267 200 Q Q 1,373 91 Q Q Q Q Q 3,833 Q Q Q Q Q Q 514 120 145 111 Q Q Q 15.9 18.9 19.5 19.5 27.1 25.2 22.3 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 1,603 2,831 2,810 4,939 4,478 4,986 2,283 8,696 8,570 5,664 3,069 3,410 521 865 645 284 114 Q 207 155 274 21 221 142 820 816 636 423 187 467 556 383 283 188 56 75 1,970 1,056 Q 264 217 585 286 Q 282 Q 125 143 17.0 16.5 16.6 20.5 23.9 27.9 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 153 Table A36. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Space-Heating Energy Source Used (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Heated Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.1 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 4,806 4,178 1,513 2,405 479 94 255 102 7.5 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 2,247 883 585 255 110 64 24 9 779 327 225 101 40 24 10 6 1,211 524 376 157 73 45 15 4 259 117 49 31 12 5 5 1 18 11 28 15 9 6 5 1 185 39 19 Q Q Q Q Q 68 25 Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.4 11.2 11.3 13.3 13.0 14.8 18.2 35.6 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 295 120 249 61 150 1,214 745 17 257 60 364 445 48 154 104 54 73 23 87 370 311 6 89 19 122 173 24 58 182 61 162 38 58 719 439 Q 156 36 193 242 21 87 25 Q Q 5 12 183 69 Q 25 Q 59 47 Q Q 20 Q Q 2 9 9 24 Q 10 Q Q Q 4 2 Q Q Q Q Q 95 Q Q Q Q 48 38 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 48 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 15.2 26.1 16.1 28.4 21.3 11.2 11.8 52.1 15.4 35.1 18.0 14.2 29.5 18.0 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 158 232 623 760 687 850 761 107 45 44 155 234 236 375 376 48 105 162 405 469 419 460 342 44 29 51 94 97 75 81 49 Q 4 10 12 22 22 9 11 Q Q Q 30 54 34 46 61 Q Q Q 37 Q Q Q Q Q 24.5 19.0 13.6 12.2 12.3 12.0 12.1 30.2 771 1,202 1,963 870 694 1,047 1,687 750 162 194 825 332 341 810 786 469 264 63 148 Q 23 23 27 20 45 68 121 Q Q 35 38 Q 14.2 15.0 12.2 17.1 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 4,173 2,627 554 95 28 330 161 1,513 556 134 17 5 95 48 2,405 2,405 98 6 3 19 37 479 91 479 3 Q 50 26 93 34 11 94 24 Q Q 253 Q 25 Q Q 255 Q 98 21 Q Q Q Q 102 7.5 9.6 15.4 22.3 31.5 21.3 20.5 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 4,178 3,439 3,436 715 117 1,513 1,364 1,269 272 46 2,405 2,043 2,088 444 77 479 312 364 83 12 94 80 80 18 5 255 169 164 32 Q 102 28 48 Q Q 7.5 8.0 7.9 11.2 25.4 See footnotes at end of table. 154 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A36. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Space-Heating Energy Source Used (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Heated Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.1 Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD ............... 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................... 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................... Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............. More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............. Predominant Exterior Wall Materials Masonry ......................................... Siding or Shingles .......................... Metal Panels .................................. Concrete Panels ............................. Window Glass ................................ Other .............................................. Predominant Roof Materials Built-Up .......................................... Shingles (Not Wood) ...................... Metal Surfacing .............................. Synthetic or Rubber ....................... Slate or Tile .................................... Concrete ......................................... Other .............................................. Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Wood .............................................. Any Other ....................................... 399 1,134 1,077 1,101 1,095 344 1,018 959 955 903 68 221 341 394 490 216 725 440 559 465 74 160 187 Q 17 10 28 27 13 15 23 50 81 78 23 Q Q 39 Q Q 24.7 18.3 23.2 23.7 21.6 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 2,850 635 533 76 41 42 998 235 207 41 19 13 1,755 292 274 38 22 24 319 103 43 Q Q Q 75 Q 6 7 1 Q 103 80 68 Q Q Q 39 Q Q Q Q Q 8.4 14.2 15.3 22.1 33.6 44.2 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 1,489 1,246 763 368 140 22 150 566 429 292 111 49 10 55 931 697 376 243 69 12 78 139 173 77 51 22 Q Q 39 10 10 14 13 Q Q 27 107 101 Q Q Q Q Q 34 39 Q Q Q Q 9.2 11.4 13.6 13.8 21.3 42.0 25.6 4,193 490 94 29 3,597 464 89 27 1,304 157 40 13 2,044 298 53 10 409 54 12 Q 75 15 3 1 239 Q Q Q 97 Q Q Q 8.0 11.4 24.9 35.1 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 2,154 861 540 401 128 64 30 728 318 212 161 53 27 15 1,159 511 335 264 76 43 16 273 88 56 34 15 7 5 22 14 21 16 10 4 7 180 48 16 Q Q Q Q 83 Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.3 11.0 12.7 11.7 14.8 15.0 16.8 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 725 1,186 920 603 436 307 214 447 318 201 172 161 376 706 551 369 255 148 112 123 116 69 34 24 10 34 16 9 7 19 87 45 58 30 Q Q Q 32 Q Q Q Q 14.6 10.7 11.0 10.1 15.5 14.6 1,107 2,276 394 91 217 68 Q 1,107 2,276 394 91 217 68 Q 1,107 271 66 16 31 Q Q 100 2,276 18 3 Q Q Q 23 48 394 Q Q Q Q Q 2 Q 91 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 217 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 68 Q 14.2 12.4 21.0 22.8 25.8 27.2 NF See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 155 Table A36. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Space-Heating Energy Source Used (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Heated Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.1 Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Water-Heating Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Cooking Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Propane .......................................... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters ............... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. Heating Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Radiators or Baseboards ............... Ducts for Heating ........................... Heating Only ............................. Heating and Cooling .................. Variable Air-Volume System ...................................... Fan Coil Units for Heating .............. Heating Only ............................. Heating and Cooling .................. Individual Space Heaters ............... Other .............................................. 3,404 106 28 3,342 106 28 1,354 20 5 1,966 104 3 311 Q Q 65 Q 24 168 Q Q 28 Q Q 8.2 19.3 31.5 1,696 1,647 126 38 80 1,660 1,621 124 38 76 902 363 14 3 20 689 1,442 11 4 Q 197 51 118 Q Q 29 18 Q 37 Q 106 Q Q Q 55 31 Q Q Q Q 9.1 11.9 30.2 27.0 32.9 356 431 70 344 425 66 174 112 32 168 356 Q 50 25 28 10 11 Q 16 Q Q Q Q Q 14.9 14.5 28.0 653 688 618 2,846 25 688 618 2,846 Q 283 224 999 Q 353 392 1,654 Q 73 70 330 Q 4 9 80 Q 51 34 163 Q 36 Q 49 26.8 13.3 12.6 8.4 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 444 403 668 16 116 407 19 98 1,218 819 5 419 535 22 17 251 151 3 199 13 Q 8 Q 14 93 Q 2 Q 18 108 162 Q 16 Q Q Q Q 81 Q Q Q Q 17.5 9.2 10.6 22.3 10.8 16.9 43.3 473 2,955 577 2,378 210 99 78 21 1,464 181 473 2,955 577 2,378 210 99 78 21 1,464 181 73 1,139 95 1,044 78 30 27 2 668 53 273 1,806 360 1,446 144 61 48 13 819 100 158 297 173 125 17 21 16 5 151 30 47 50 5 45 13 16 11 5 14 Q Q 138 41 98 Q Q Q Q 162 Q Q 23 Q Q Q Q Q Q 81 Q 11.6 8.1 14.2 8.0 14.6 18.1 21.4 31.3 10.6 19.4 NF = No applicable RSE row factor. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 156 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A37. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Space-Heating Energy Source Used (more than one may apply) Total Floorspace of All Buildings Total Floorspace of All Heated Buildings Building Characteristics Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.8 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 67,876 61,996 25,636 38,524 7,334 5,242 1,568 504 7.6 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 6,210 6,533 9,424 9,132 7,622 8,730 7,470 6,876 2,162 2,427 3,648 3,599 2,825 3,260 3,198 4,517 3,414 3,893 6,130 5,648 5,033 6,212 4,544 3,650 748 872 770 1,100 904 760 1,414 765 56 73 443 516 638 780 1,521 1,215 479 287 270 Q Q Q Q Q 173 182 Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.6 11.1 11.1 13.3 12.7 14.3 18.3 29.3 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 8,379 723 1,435 1,746 2,870 11,835 12,255 1,165 4,470 820 3,737 8,800 1,025 2,738 2,159 285 407 667 1,516 5,122 5,445 730 2,267 184 1,361 4,304 267 924 5,957 448 855 1,236 1,298 8,301 6,528 Q 2,271 480 2,672 5,920 633 1,594 1,548 Q Q 584 272 1,128 1,345 Q 519 Q 527 683 Q Q 641 Q Q 403 580 148 1,706 Q 348 Q Q Q 326 410 Q Q Q Q Q 530 Q Q Q Q 154 297 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 196 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 13.7 28.7 18.9 19.0 23.6 15.0 12.0 50.4 31.1 36.8 19.6 16.8 26.7 26.8 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,637 3,329 7,717 9,371 11,548 12,814 13,276 2,303 419 846 2,197 3,116 3,880 6,191 7,958 1,030 1,161 2,345 4,964 6,509 7,875 7,673 6,671 1,325 283 744 1,322 1,201 1,505 1,495 660 124 91 269 1,128 545 1,363 972 673 202 Q Q 151 219 273 351 451 Q Q Q 199 Q Q Q Q Q 24.0 25.7 18.0 13.3 16.2 12.0 15.8 21.2 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 12,858 16,303 21,659 11,176 4,505 4,673 11,185 5,273 6,871 12,305 11,604 7,744 4,228 1,226 1,628 Q 1,556 1,869 941 875 329 355 791 Q Q 140 168 Q 14.5 13.7 12.5 12.5 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 61,971 44,624 12,933 5,324 2,063 3,340 1,522 25,636 13,927 4,872 985 476 1,550 753 38,524 38,524 5,966 627 338 742 649 7,334 3,883 7,334 447 Q 935 178 5,228 2,724 1,241 5,242 1,702 Q Q 1,561 Q 237 Q Q 1,568 Q 494 167 Q Q Q Q 504 7.6 8.9 11.6 19.4 27.5 18.6 27.8 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 61,996 56,073 57,708 22,736 3,121 25,636 24,123 23,996 10,147 1,178 38,524 35,315 36,677 14,625 2,214 7,334 6,307 6,796 3,484 505 5,242 4,711 5,081 2,198 415 1,568 1,201 1,146 316 Q 504 196 308 Q Q 7.7 8.4 8.0 12.0 25.5 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 157 Table A37. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Space-Heating Energy Source Used (more than one may apply) Total Floorspace of All Buildings Total Floorspace of All Heated Buildings Building Characteristics Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.8 Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD ............... 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................... 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................... Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............. More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............. Predominant Exterior Wall Materials Masonry ......................................... Siding or Shingles .......................... Metal Panels .................................. Concrete Panels ............................. Window Glass ................................ Other .............................................. Predominant Roof Materials Built-Up .......................................... Shingles (Not Wood) ...................... Metal Surfacing .............................. Synthetic or Rubber ....................... Slate or Tile .................................... Concrete ......................................... Other .............................................. Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Wood .............................................. Any Other ....................................... 5,623 18,024 16,162 15,251 12,816 5,218 17,196 14,966 13,537 11,079 1,268 5,460 6,098 5,940 6,871 3,360 12,269 8,539 9,380 4,975 1,284 2,322 2,827 738 164 513 1,903 1,706 560 560 277 273 428 378 212 Q Q 139 Q Q 23.1 14.9 15.8 24.1 21.7 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 45,520 3,303 5,682 4,663 1,839 988 18,048 1,366 2,703 2,212 979 328 29,089 1,775 3,238 2,969 825 628 5,837 534 481 Q Q Q 3,687 Q 331 699 Q Q 674 332 516 Q Q Q 274 Q Q Q Q Q 8.9 14.7 18.2 24.8 26.2 40.3 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 28,271 9,764 7,121 11,541 1,863 1,741 1,695 12,420 3,227 3,116 4,365 546 1,157 805 17,907 5,906 4,108 7,778 1,027 808 989 2,834 1,422 509 1,924 300 Q Q 2,346 459 306 1,470 400 Q Q 236 393 708 Q Q Q Q Q 202 148 Q Q Q Q 10.9 13.9 14.9 13.9 24.7 46.2 25.6 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 45,868 11,493 3,185 1,450 18,426 5,047 1,580 583 28,689 7,455 1,867 513 5,262 1,621 269 Q 3,058 1,352 473 Q 1,436 Q Q Q 474 Q Q Q 8.7 12.7 19.4 30.1 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 13,604 7,075 7,528 10,440 7,652 7,323 8,374 5,498 2,930 2,907 3,833 3,017 3,188 4,263 7,098 4,117 4,826 7,502 5,274 5,101 4,607 1,549 706 696 741 826 1,106 1,710 410 314 487 503 785 674 2,070 697 365 178 Q Q Q Q 328 Q Q Q Q Q Q 15.9 13.3 13.8 11.8 16.5 18.9 16.8 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 6,000 13,745 13,251 11,529 8,141 9,329 1,641 5,464 5,180 5,114 3,476 4,761 3,482 8,680 8,626 7,746 5,509 4,481 1,069 1,492 1,310 893 1,162 1,409 347 792 1,051 695 504 1,853 341 217 460 259 Q Q Q 133 Q Q Q Q 16.3 11.4 11.4 14.6 18.7 19.7 15,502 35,161 4,415 5,014 1,101 257 546 15,502 35,161 4,415 5,014 1,101 257 546 15,502 7,660 839 895 279 Q Q 2,202 35,161 450 393 Q Q Q 330 2,225 4,415 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 5,014 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1,101 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 257 Q 18.0 9.8 20.7 20.2 25.2 22.5 82.1 See footnotes at end of table. 158 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A37. Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Space-Heating Energy Source Used (more than one may apply) Total Floorspace of All Buildings Total Floorspace of All Heated Buildings Building Characteristics Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.8 Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Water-Heating Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Cooking Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Propane .......................................... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters ............... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. Heating Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Radiators or Baseboards ............... Ducts for Heating ........................... Heating Only ............................. Heating and Cooling .................. Variable Air-Volume System ...................................... Fan Coil Units for Heating .............. Heating Only ............................. Heating and Cooling .................. Individual Space Heaters ............... Other .............................................. 54,628 1,906 2,066 53,663 1,906 2,063 23,798 430 476 34,303 1,816 338 5,981 Q Q 3,409 Q 1,702 1,171 Q Q 196 Q Q 8.4 25.2 27.5 25,482 29,962 2,470 3,308 659 24,878 29,802 2,464 3,308 648 15,574 8,643 471 581 255 11,961 26,322 462 432 Q 2,363 2,581 2,402 Q Q 1,070 1,109 Q 3,240 Q 739 Q Q Q 346 159 Q Q Q Q 11.7 10.6 28.2 22.1 32.5 12,183 15,233 1,039 12,124 14,987 1,000 6,707 5,687 598 6,711 11,888 Q 1,668 2,007 478 1,336 1,199 Q 223 Q Q Q Q Q 16.9 13.1 33.8 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 330 11,195 10,211 40,260 Q 5,932 4,569 14,983 Q 6,524 6,596 25,235 Q 702 1,444 5,148 Q 385 815 4,024 Q 393 285 858 Q 211 Q 188 34.3 17.2 13.8 9.2 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 8,243 6,018 12,980 970 6,583 8,375 491 3,651 13,797 13,980 553 15,967 11,524 549 602 1,746 2,099 413 5,260 627 Q 443 Q 1,139 5,225 Q 279 Q 242 534 984 Q 219 Q Q Q Q 380 Q Q Q Q 15.2 10.5 9.9 19.8 12.3 13.3 33.0 13,263 45,422 5,950 39,472 11,528 5,474 3,569 1,906 22,380 3,310 13,263 45,422 5,950 39,472 11,528 5,474 3,569 1,906 22,380 3,310 2,909 20,063 1,969 18,094 5,519 1,874 1,480 393 12,980 1,434 8,313 30,075 4,421 25,654 7,440 3,677 2,475 1,203 13,980 2,511 3,702 4,629 1,177 3,453 1,480 1,243 667 576 2,099 413 2,695 3,141 207 2,935 1,721 1,444 693 751 1,139 245 Q 1,001 211 790 Q Q Q Q 984 Q Q 151 Q Q Q Q Q Q 380 Q 11.4 8.9 20.0 8.8 18.4 16.8 22.3 22.0 9.9 23.6 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 159 Table A38. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources Used Building Characteristics All Buildings All Heated Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.4 1.5 1.8 2.2 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 4,806 4,178 1,107 2,276 394 91 217 68 8.2 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 2,247 883 585 255 110 64 24 9 618 231 148 62 26 13 5 Q 1,157 492 354 150 65 39 14 3 220 106 34 22 8 3 1 Q 18 11 27 15 9 6 4 1 168 31 Q Q Q Q Q Q 52 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 11.0 11.7 11.9 14.3 14.7 17.3 21.4 39.2 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 295 120 249 61 150 1,214 745 17 257 60 364 445 48 154 79 53 53 20 77 245 243 6 59 Q 74 120 17 49 170 57 159 35 49 681 409 Q 144 36 189 232 19 86 20 Q Q Q Q 154 61 Q 21 Q 51 32 Q Q 20 Q Q 2 9 8 23 Q 10 Q Q Q 4 2 Q Q Q Q Q 75 Q Q Q Q 44 32 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 38 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 16.3 27.1 17.7 29.9 22.0 12.2 12.1 53.9 17.0 36.3 19.2 15.2 33.3 19.0 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 158 232 623 760 687 850 761 107 26 18 82 150 167 301 322 41 97 157 391 445 396 427 321 43 25 41 81 88 58 57 42 Q 4 10 12 22 22 8 11 Q Q Q Q 46 30 43 46 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 26.4 21.1 14.2 13.4 12.8 12.9 12.8 31.2 771 1,202 1,963 870 694 1,047 1,687 750 68 124 655 260 322 776 737 440 235 41 115 Q 22 23 27 20 31 60 107 Q Q Q 32 Q 15.5 16.9 13.2 18.4 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 4,173 2,627 554 95 28 330 161 1,107 270 51 Q 2 52 Q 2,276 2,276 75 3 Q 17 24 394 37 394 Q Q 38 Q 91 32 11 91 23 Q Q 217 Q Q Q Q 217 Q 64 Q Q Q Q Q 68 8.2 10.3 17.1 22.1 31.6 24.0 22.0 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 4,178 3,439 3,436 715 117 1,107 1,005 921 192 28 2,276 1,933 1,972 410 69 394 247 292 65 9 91 78 78 17 5 217 144 131 25 Q 68 Q Q Q Q 8.2 8.3 8.4 12.2 28.4 See footnotes at end of table. 160 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A38. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources Used Building Characteristics All Buildings All Heated Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.4 1.5 1.8 2.2 Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD ............... 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................... 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................... Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............. More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............. Predominant Exterior Wall Materials Masonry ......................................... Siding or Shingles .......................... Metal Panels .................................. Concrete Panels ............................. Window Glass ................................ Other .............................................. Predominant Roof Materials Built-Up .......................................... Shingles (Not Wood) ...................... Metal Surfacing .............................. Synthetic or Rubber ....................... Slate or Tile .................................... Concrete ......................................... Other .............................................. Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Replacement Energy Source for Primary Heating Electricity Only ............................... Natural Gas Only ............................ Fuel Oil Only .................................. Propane Only ................................. Any Other Single Energy Source Source ............................................ More than One Energy Source ...... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. 399 1,134 1,077 1,101 1,095 344 1,018 959 955 903 35 104 238 304 426 206 697 414 524 434 64 129 167 Q Q 10 27 26 13 15 Q 39 67 75 Q Q Q Q Q Q 26.7 19.9 25.3 24.1 20.6 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 2,850 635 533 76 41 42 721 172 155 35 16 8 1,667 273 258 34 19 24 263 90 29 Q Q Q 74 Q 6 6 1 Q 87 68 59 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 8.6 14.4 17.0 24.4 36.0 44.8 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 1,489 1,246 763 368 140 22 150 427 304 215 64 39 8 50 873 662 358 232 65 11 75 109 155 57 43 19 Q Q 39 10 10 13 13 Q Q 22 89 89 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.4 11.8 15.4 15.5 22.2 43.8 26.5 4,193 490 94 29 3,597 464 89 27 957 110 27 12 1,937 282 48 9 338 42 10 Q 73 14 Q 1 204 Q Q Q 65 Q Q Q 8.7 12.5 26.3 36.9 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 2,154 861 540 401 128 64 30 557 233 152 105 36 17 8 1,111 489 309 246 67 39 14 231 74 44 28 11 4 2 22 14 21 16 9 4 6 158 44 Q Q Q Q Q 59 Q Q Q Q Q Q 11.1 11.6 12.8 12.7 16.5 17.6 20.7 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 725 1,186 920 603 436 307 144 318 233 149 128 134 366 668 514 348 245 134 103 103 88 60 29 12 10 33 15 8 7 18 81 35 44 28 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 15.1 11.8 12.0 10.9 16.6 16.8 350 213 161 212 57 93 350 213 161 212 57 93 Q 125 25 43 Q Q 280 Q 108 121 25 58 Q 47 Q 37 Q Q Q 6 6 Q Q Q 33 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 17.3 19.7 23.1 23.7 34.8 34.8 653 688 618 2,846 25 688 618 2,846 Q 220 160 720 Q 332 361 1,576 Q 62 53 276 Q 3 9 79 Q 40 26 146 Q Q Q Q 29.1 15.3 13.7 8.6 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 161 Table A38. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources Used Building Characteristics All Buildings All Heated Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.4 1.5 1.8 2.2 Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters ............... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. Heating Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Radiators or Baseboards ............... Ducts for Heating ........................... Heating Only ............................. Heating and Cooling .................. Variable Air-Volume System ...................................... Fan Coil Units for Heating .............. Heating Only ............................. Heating and Cooling .................. Individual Space Heaters ............... Other .............................................. 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 362 205 384 Q 33 331 18 60 1,162 753 2 393 507 19 10 209 114 Q 170 Q Q 7 Q 14 91 Q 2 Q Q 92 134 Q Q Q Q Q Q 53 Q Q Q Q 19.4 9.9 11.3 22.4 12.5 16.4 46.4 473 2,955 577 2,378 210 99 78 21 1,464 181 473 2,955 577 2,378 210 99 78 21 1,464 181 12 831 33 798 49 13 12 Q 384 34 254 1,707 340 1,367 136 56 44 12 753 93 136 241 157 84 8 14 11 Q 114 27 46 49 5 44 13 16 11 5 14 Q Q 111 29 82 Q Q Q Q 134 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 53 Q 14.5 8.3 16.6 8.8 16.6 21.4 24.7 32.0 11.3 21.1 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 162 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A39. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources Used Total Floorspace All Buildings Total Floorspace of All Heated Buildings Building Characteristics Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.7 1.3 1.4 1.9 1.7 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 67,876 61,996 15,502 35,161 4,415 5,014 1,101 257 8.7 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 6,210 6,533 9,424 9,132 7,622 8,730 7,470 6,876 1,684 1,719 2,411 2,245 1,788 1,803 1,428 2,424 3,256 3,648 5,763 5,377 4,547 5,420 4,225 2,925 629 779 519 791 569 472 387 Q 56 73 433 494 571 780 1,430 1,177 427 232 Q Q Q Q Q Q 126 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 11.2 11.3 11.2 14.1 14.0 16.2 21.2 34.7 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 8,379 723 1,435 1,746 2,870 11,835 12,255 1,165 4,470 820 3,737 8,800 1,025 2,738 998 282 307 198 1,125 2,858 3,746 706 Q Q 602 2,121 105 683 5,642 401 850 1,030 1,004 7,272 5,924 Q 2,028 468 2,612 5,612 535 1,455 996 Q Q Q Q 833 998 Q Q Q 324 366 Q Q 637 Q Q 385 575 141 1,553 Q 308 Q Q Q 326 410 Q Q Q Q Q 364 Q Q Q Q 132 226 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 144 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 13.8 29.7 20.8 22.9 23.1 15.5 13.2 51.8 29.7 45.4 20.0 17.2 26.0 28.3 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,637 3,329 7,717 9,371 11,548 12,814 13,276 2,303 246 250 790 1,493 1,893 3,800 6,230 800 1,074 2,292 4,516 6,115 7,241 7,032 5,665 1,225 186 474 895 996 739 711 350 Q 91 264 1,053 537 1,339 911 656 163 Q Q Q 171 115 273 304 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 26.6 27.2 18.5 14.6 15.4 13.0 17.2 20.3 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 12,858 16,303 21,659 11,176 1,768 2,169 8,529 3,036 6,049 11,468 10,660 6,984 3,202 427 738 Q 1,467 1,846 903 798 158 287 571 Q Q Q 122 Q 15.6 14.3 13.7 13.8 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 61,971 44,624 12,933 5,324 2,063 3,340 1,522 15,502 5,272 2,482 Q 136 791 Q 35,161 35,161 4,695 233 Q 675 302 4,415 1,271 4,415 Q Q 664 Q 4,999 2,547 1,097 5,014 1,590 Q Q 1,101 Q Q Q Q 1,101 Q 246 Q Q Q Q Q 257 8.7 9.0 12.3 22.1 26.1 22.2 27.5 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 61,996 56,073 57,708 22,736 3,121 15,502 14,511 14,200 5,738 425 35,161 32,138 33,406 12,913 2,002 4,415 3,539 3,911 1,704 198 5,014 4,484 4,856 2,040 415 1,101 816 702 166 Q 257 Q Q Q Q 8.8 9.0 8.8 13.5 26.4 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 163 Table A39. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources Used Total Floorspace All Buildings Total Floorspace of All Heated Buildings Building Characteristics Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.7 1.3 1.4 1.9 1.7 Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD ............... 5,500-7,000 HDD ...................... 4,000-5,499 HDD ...................... Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............. More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD ............. Predominant Exterior Wall Materials Masonry ......................................... Siding or Shingles .......................... Metal Panels .................................. Concrete Panels ............................. Window Glass ................................ Other .............................................. Predominant Roof Materials Built-Up .......................................... Shingles (Not Wood) ...................... Metal Surfacing .............................. Synthetic or Rubber ....................... Slate or Tile .................................... Concrete ......................................... Other .............................................. Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Replacement Energy Source for Primary Heating Electricity Only ............................... Natural Gas Only ............................ Fuel Oil Only .................................. Propane Only ................................. Any Other Single Energy Source Source ............................................ More than One Energy Source ...... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. 5,623 18,024 16,162 15,251 12,816 5,218 17,196 14,966 13,537 11,079 641 2,305 2,955 3,656 5,945 3,010 11,371 7,599 8,790 4,391 862 1,360 1,984 Q Q 496 1,842 1,572 550 554 Q 184 319 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 25.7 16.5 17.4 21.5 20.8 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 45,520 3,303 5,682 4,663 1,839 988 10,902 822 1,657 1,219 636 266 26,557 1,588 2,930 2,749 749 589 3,505 475 271 Q Q Q 3,509 Q 330 669 Q Q 431 283 374 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 9.8 15.0 17.7 24.3 27.8 43.2 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 28,271 9,764 7,121 11,541 1,863 1,741 1,695 7,599 2,100 2,169 1,837 271 931 595 16,326 5,601 3,618 7,176 999 Q 906 1,396 1,181 352 1,143 175 Q Q 2,307 453 305 1,290 400 Q Q 170 305 535 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 12.3 14.7 15.6 15.0 25.2 44.8 26.3 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 45,868 11,493 3,185 1,450 11,594 2,513 837 558 26,374 6,695 1,673 419 3,239 853 202 Q 2,893 1,309 462 Q 1,045 Q Q Q 232 Q Q Q 10.1 13.5 20.6 32.1 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 13,604 7,075 7,528 10,440 7,652 7,323 8,374 4,410 1,869 1,920 2,151 1,569 1,471 2,113 6,727 3,950 4,504 7,024 4,514 4,742 3,700 1,227 552 425 603 528 438 642 409 313 478 503 719 672 1,919 562 344 Q Q Q Q Q 193 Q Q Q Q Q Q 17.6 14.0 13.3 12.2 18.1 19.9 19.6 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 6,000 13,745 13,251 11,529 8,141 9,329 1,006 3,426 3,002 3,065 1,649 3,354 3,373 8,127 8,088 6,718 5,039 3,816 895 1,112 729 628 737 314 347 781 952 683 451 1,800 298 151 302 197 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 17.2 11.8 11.6 15.4 18.6 22.7 2,559 2,260 5,451 2,174 477 895 2,559 2,260 5,451 2,174 477 895 Q 952 193 259 Q Q 2,099 Q 4,599 1,477 231 581 Q 702 Q 257 Q Q Q Q 524 Q Q Q 209 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 18.1 20.9 23.1 21.6 52.9 34.8 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 330 11,195 10,211 40,260 Q 4,044 2,406 8,980 Q 5,783 6,064 23,226 Q 495 815 3,072 Q 381 725 3,890 Q 302 160 610 Q Q Q Q 36.8 18.5 14.9 9.9 See footnotes at end of table. 164 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A39. Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Primary Space-Heating Energy Sources Used Total Floorspace All Buildings Total Floorspace of All Heated Buildings Building Characteristics Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane Wood RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.7 1.3 1.4 1.9 1.7 Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters ............... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. Heating Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Radiators or Baseboards ............... Ducts for Heating ........................... Heating Only ............................. Heating and Cooling .................. Variable Air-Volume System ...................................... Fan Coil Units for Heating .............. Heating Only ............................. Heating and Cooling .................. Individual Space Heaters ............... Other .............................................. 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 4,723 2,201 6,528 Q 2,371 4,591 363 2,541 12,649 12,523 Q 14,727 10,609 474 275 1,292 1,266 Q 3,131 Q Q 376 Q 1,074 4,996 Q 271 Q Q 406 679 Q Q Q Q Q Q 188 Q Q Q Q 16.6 10.3 11.0 15.8 15.3 12.2 36.1 13,263 45,422 5,950 39,472 11,528 5,474 3,569 1,906 22,380 3,310 13,263 45,422 5,950 39,472 11,528 5,474 3,569 1,906 22,380 3,310 347 11,596 627 10,969 2,973 345 301 Q 6,528 572 7,640 27,302 3,877 23,425 6,500 3,385 2,307 1,078 12,523 2,235 2,355 2,539 1,041 1,497 365 420 264 Q 1,266 218 2,589 3,042 206 2,837 1,659 1,311 683 628 1,074 216 Q 637 125 512 Q Q Q Q 679 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 188 Q 13.7 9.2 21.5 9.8 21.8 19.1 23.4 24.2 11.0 25.8 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 165 Table A40. Cooling Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Cooled Buildings Electricity Natural Gas District Chilled Water All Buildings All Cooled Buildings Electricity Natural Gas District Chilled Water RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.9 2.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 2.2 2.1 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... 4,806 3,502 3,404 106 28 67,876 57,041 54,628 1,906 2,066 6.4 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 1,792 758 519 236 103 59 24 9 1,748 739 504 225 100 58 22 9 47 26 19 Q Q Q 1 Q Q Q 8 9 Q 2 2 1 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 4,994 5,601 8,364 8,435 7,185 8,072 7,217 7,174 4,853 5,452 8,132 8,043 6,970 7,898 6,536 6,744 146 194 268 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 115 311 Q 252 737 515 9.0 7.5 10.5 12.1 11.7 13.3 17.4 30.9 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 251 119 244 59 120 942 731 12 208 47 286 324 44 114 238 119 237 53 117 920 704 12 202 46 285 318 42 111 10 Q Q Q Q 29 26 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 9 Q Q Q Q Q 8 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 7,389 725 1,449 1,747 2,493 10,874 12,198 922 4,077 741 3,121 7,885 1,040 2,382 6,912 725 1,365 1,605 2,310 10,669 11,576 800 3,966 726 3,090 7,783 915 2,187 487 Q Q Q Q 286 285 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 253 Q Q 227 Q Q 659 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 14.2 24.7 14.8 21.0 21.3 11.2 10.2 53.3 23.4 36.5 19.3 14.3 26.4 21.4 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 119 169 491 643 563 741 682 93 118 164 481 625 548 721 662 86 Q Q Q 17 20 23 21 Q Q Q Q 7 5 5 Q Q 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,307 2,759 6,586 8,260 10,601 12,286 12,985 2,258 1,289 2,691 6,308 7,934 10,231 11,375 12,692 2,109 Q Q Q 327 428 423 418 Q Q Q Q 241 376 632 243 164 22.6 22.6 14.2 12.4 12.5 11.5 13.7 20.0 771 1,202 1,963 870 521 784 1,569 627 505 751 1,552 596 20 35 18 34 2 7 10 9 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 11,158 14,383 21,205 10,296 10,729 13,544 20,609 9,747 320 512 420 654 302 684 659 421 12.9 12.7 11.3 13.0 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 3,502 2,263 378 82 28 230 71 3,404 2,176 375 66 11 228 70 106 106 3 Q Q Q Q 28 15 2 24 28 Q Q 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 57,041 41,423 12,081 4,786 2,066 2,837 1,117 54,628 39,652 11,480 3,484 842 2,789 1,107 1,906 1,906 439 Q Q Q Q 2,066 1,109 588 1,737 2,066 Q Q 6.4 7.7 14.3 15.9 22.9 21.7 31.3 See footnotes at end of table. 166 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A40. Cooling Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Cooled Buildings Electricity Natural Gas District Chilled Water All Buildings All Cooled Buildings Electricity Natural Gas District Chilled Water RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.9 2.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 2.2 2.1 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating .......................................... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ............................... Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD .................. 5,500-7,000 HDD ......................... 4,000-5,499 HDD ......................... Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................ More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................ Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ......................................... Siding or Shingles .......................... Metal Panels .................................. Concrete Panels ............................. Window Glass ................................ Other .............................................. Predominant Roof Material Built-Up .......................................... Shingles (Not Wood) ...................... Metal Surfacing .............................. Synthetic or Rubber ....................... Slate or Tile .................................... Concrete ......................................... Other .............................................. Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 3,439 3,502 3,016 663 92 3,342 3,404 2,929 644 89 106 106 100 25 Q 28 28 22 8 Q 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 56,073 57,041 53,839 22,003 2,870 53,663 54,628 51,535 20,974 2,808 1,906 1,906 1,886 912 Q 2,063 2,066 1,978 920 Q 6.5 6.5 6.8 10.8 23.8 399 1,134 1,077 1,101 1,095 229 766 753 838 915 221 731 735 811 906 Q 43 20 29 Q Q 5 4 10 9 5,623 18,024 16,162 15,251 12,816 4,267 14,977 13,549 12,870 11,379 3,970 14,369 12,854 12,441 10,994 Q 545 324 569 Q Q 574 526 437 467 25.6 14.3 18.7 19.8 18.0 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 2,491 473 394 71 38 35 2,418 462 384 68 38 35 76 Q Q Q Q Q 25 Q Q 2 Q Q 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 42,084 2,625 4,854 4,563 1,978 938 40,311 2,552 4,727 4,237 1,893 908 1,232 Q Q Q Q Q 1,630 Q Q 221 Q Q 7.2 13.0 14.5 19.4 28.4 38.0 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 1,319 1,025 576 318 113 27 124 1,290 999 559 306 107 23 122 39 28 21 11 Q Q Q 11 Q Q 6 Q Q Q 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 26,404 8,606 6,077 10,893 1,608 1,909 1,544 25,503 8,420 5,886 10,130 1,470 1,727 1,493 910 293 171 423 Q Q Q 969 Q Q 626 Q Q Q 8.5 11.3 13.1 13.2 21.4 46.5 23.0 4,193 490 94 29 2,987 410 80 25 2,904 401 77 23 91 10 Q Q 21 6 Q Q 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 41,691 10,873 3,031 1,447 39,873 10,449 2,938 1,368 1,403 361 Q Q 1,317 503 Q Q 7.2 12.7 19.7 32.1 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 1,623 781 502 384 118 63 31 1,591 753 487 373 112 60 29 34 30 Q 17 Q Q 1 Q Q 10 5 3 2 3 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 10,719 6,249 6,954 9,990 7,313 7,195 8,621 10,315 6,065 6,760 9,758 6,855 6,839 8,035 213 188 Q 330 Q Q 197 Q Q 193 191 327 192 868 13.4 8.9 11.8 11.4 15.4 15.3 14.0 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 167 Table A40. Cooling Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Cooled Buildings Electricity Natural Gas District Chilled Water All Buildings All Cooled Buildings Electricity Natural Gas District Chilled Water RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.9 2.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 2.2 2.1 Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Wood .............................................. Any Other ....................................... Water-Heating Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Cooking Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Propane .......................................... Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners ............................. Heat Pumps ................................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................. District Chilled Water ...................... Central Chillers ............................... Packaged Air-Conditioning Units .............................................. Swamp Coolers .............................. Other .............................................. 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 513 1,007 786 528 405 262 505 978 764 514 388 255 Q 34 20 20 19 6 Q 8 4 4 Q 5 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 4,632 12,558 12,218 11,158 7,742 8,733 4,401 12,148 11,675 10,906 7,292 8,207 Q 303 359 496 338 372 Q 312 357 178 278 724 14.1 9.6 11.0 11.7 14.9 16.0 1,107 2,276 394 91 217 68 Q 1,005 1,933 247 78 144 Q Q 1,000 1,859 246 63 142 Q Q Q 98 Q Q Q Q Q 2 Q Q 23 Q Q Q 15,502 35,161 4,415 5,014 1,101 257 546 14,511 32,138 3,539 4,484 816 Q Q 14,385 31,178 3,465 3,263 786 Q Q Q 1,687 Q Q Q Q Q 136 Q Q 1,590 Q Q Q 13.1 7.7 21.3 16.6 32.2 35.2 74.9 1,696 1,647 126 38 80 1,479 1,436 88 30 57 1,455 1,376 88 22 57 32 71 Q Q Q 8 8 Q 10 Q 25,482 29,962 2,470 3,308 659 23,657 27,766 2,089 2,972 563 23,275 26,681 2,015 2,158 563 517 1,391 Q Q Q 342 494 Q 1,108 Q 10.3 9.4 28.3 21.2 37.3 356 431 70 326 392 61 317 374 60 9 23 Q 4 6 Q 12,183 15,233 1,039 11,792 14,533 944 11,353 13,760 941 244 844 Q 546 478 Q 16.7 11.7 32.9 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 Q 1,176 658 1,668 Q 1,154 643 1,608 Q 31 17 59 Q Q 6 20 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 Q 21,715 13,872 21,454 Q 21,068 13,370 20,191 Q 456 380 1,070 Q Q 702 988 11.3 8.9 11.6 9.3 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 783 449 1,015 11 137 1,419 178 7 48 8 16 Q 8 52 Q Q Q Q 2 28 Q 3 Q Q 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 8,761 8,388 17,734 842 12,500 26,928 2,063 255 465 175 420 Q 783 1,047 Q Q Q Q 225 2,066 Q 628 Q Q 11.5 15.0 13.4 22.9 15.4 9.7 32.7 69.3 See footnotes at end of table. 168 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A40. Cooling Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Cooled Buildings Electricity Natural Gas District Chilled Water All Buildings All Cooled Buildings Electricity Natural Gas District Chilled Water RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.9 2.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 2.2 2.1 Cooling Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Ducts for Cooling ............................ Cooling Only ................................. Heating and Cooling ..................... Variable Air-Volume System Used ............................... Fan Coil Units for Cooling .............. Cooling Only ................................. Heating and Cooling ..................... Individual Air Conditioners ................................... Other .............................................. 2,733 355 2,378 221 56 35 21 1,023 111 2,733 355 2,378 221 56 35 21 1,023 111 2,638 352 2,287 200 52 34 18 1,015 111 105 Q 101 16 Q Q Q 16 Q 25 5 21 12 5 Q 3 2 Q 47,755 8,283 39,472 12,430 3,875 1,969 1,906 17,979 2,919 47,755 8,283 39,472 12,430 3,875 1,969 1,906 17,979 2,919 45,601 7,949 37,652 11,589 3,334 1,772 1,562 17,734 2,757 1,824 Q 1,706 605 Q Q Q 420 Q 1,785 389 1,396 904 767 Q 459 225 Q 6.9 14.7 7.0 14.3 20.5 36.7 23.0 13.4 27.3 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 169 Table A41. Water-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Water-Heating Energy Sources Used (more than one may apply) All Buildings with Water Heating Building Characteristics All Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 2.0 1.8 2.2 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 4,806 3,502 1,696 1,647 126 38 80 7.8 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 1,733 787 539 240 108 62 25 9 878 390 252 99 41 22 10 5 777 348 276 129 62 37 13 3 48 43 13 12 Q Q 1 Q Q Q 8 8 6 5 4 1 50 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.8 9.4 11.9 14.3 13.6 16.7 17.8 37.1 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 230 124 259 62 152 923 705 13 235 58 265 311 43 121 96 70 72 17 44 476 372 6 101 19 146 182 25 71 126 53 165 39 91 402 304 Q 114 33 123 124 17 50 10 Q Q Q Q 46 28 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 6 Q Q 2 6 Q 10 Q 5 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 15.4 26.0 15.6 28.5 20.5 10.9 11.2 55.4 16.4 35.2 17.2 15.2 31.6 20.2 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 126 202 507 638 580 721 649 79 57 83 197 266 252 393 413 37 62 107 268 340 299 306 228 37 Q 18 36 18 18 21 Q Q Q 4 5 7 11 6 4 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 25.4 21.8 14.1 12.7 12.9 12.2 12.0 28.9 771 1,202 1,963 870 625 906 1,307 664 249 369 811 267 258 525 476 387 113 Q 10 Q 9 13 9 6 19 Q 23 Q 13.1 15.3 13.3 18.0 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 3,502 2,333 435 82 22 244 96 1,696 729 234 30 8 146 58 1,647 1,647 78 18 8 10 26 126 21 126 Q Q 13 Q 38 13 5 38 10 Q Q 80 Q Q Q Q 80 Q 7.8 10.0 16.0 20.5 33.2 21.9 27.6 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 3,436 3,016 3,502 728 102 1,660 1,479 1,696 264 62 1,621 1,436 1,647 425 38 124 88 126 26 Q 38 30 38 12 Q 76 57 80 30 Q 7.8 8.0 7.8 11.6 27.0 See footnotes at end of table. 170 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A41. Water-Heating Energy Sources, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Water-Heating Energy Sources Used (more than one may apply) All Buildings with Water Heating Building Characteristics All Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 2.0 1.8 2.2 Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Wood .............................................. Any Other ....................................... Cooking Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Propane .......................................... Water-Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Centralized System ........................ Self-Heating Tank ........................ Heated by Space-Heating Equipment .................................... Other ............................................ Distributed System ......................... Residential-Type Storage Tank ............................................. Point-of-Use ................................. Other ............................................ 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 1,609 777 512 384 126 62 31 825 371 250 156 53 30 12 700 366 245 224 67 30 14 52 33 16 12 7 3 2 5 6 5 9 6 2 5 45 Q Q Q Q Q Q 11.9 12.0 14.0 11.2 15.7 15.3 18.2 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 507 979 764 518 435 300 258 513 380 239 190 117 227 432 354 253 221 160 17 29 38 24 11 7 Q 11 7 3 5 10 Q Q Q Q Q Q 14.2 11.5 10.8 10.8 16.5 15.7 1,107 2,276 394 91 217 68 Q 921 1,972 292 78 131 Q Q 724 633 160 28 84 Q Q 190 1,386 20 18 Q Q Q Q Q 109 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 36 Q Q Q 15 Q Q Q 49 Q Q 12.2 9.7 20.8 21.2 26.1 44.8 NF 356 431 70 353 427 70 182 79 33 153 361 Q 13 5 11 8 6 Q Q Q 27 15.4 14.8 23.4 1,994 1,799 103 106 1,557 1,489 56 24 1,994 1,799 103 106 1,557 1,489 56 24 891 851 17 30 822 792 28 7 961 869 42 55 719 687 26 15 105 56 37 15 21 18 Q Q 31 15 7 12 7 Q 1 3 52 48 Q Q 31 31 Q Q 11.6 14.0 24.9 22.8 13.0 12.6 26.6 29.3 NF = No applicable RSE row factor. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 171 Table A42. Water-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Water-Heating Energy Sources Used (more than one may apply) All Buildings with Water Heating Building Characteristics All Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.8 1.5 2.3 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 67,876 58,479 25,482 29,962 2,470 3,308 659 8.2 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 4,928 5,834 8,724 8,637 7,489 8,492 7,466 6,910 2,483 2,869 4,121 3,564 2,837 2,900 2,974 3,734 2,248 2,601 4,528 4,640 4,332 5,209 3,718 2,685 151 325 194 436 Q Q 316 Q Q Q 137 308 391 576 1,151 713 128 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.5 9.1 11.7 14.8 13.3 15.9 18.3 30.5 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 8,036 739 1,490 1,760 2,869 10,809 12,030 933 4,346 804 3,384 7,887 1,001 2,391 2,002 387 386 227 398 5,503 5,790 530 Q 179 1,637 4,522 522 1,236 5,514 374 906 1,150 1,938 5,607 4,824 Q 1,802 444 1,935 3,534 416 1,222 798 Q Q Q Q 285 613 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 390 Q Q 314 470 Q 1,258 Q 216 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 14.3 28.6 20.5 22.0 22.5 14.6 13.6 55.5 30.8 39.6 22.0 17.4 27.5 31.8 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,457 3,126 7,004 8,784 11,006 12,369 12,565 2,167 522 1,182 2,336 3,220 3,423 5,946 7,874 980 841 1,933 3,857 5,129 6,542 5,733 4,809 1,117 Q 351 516 359 416 458 Q Q Q 175 563 376 1,140 664 267 67 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 26.5 27.1 18.6 13.7 15.7 13.4 15.6 20.8 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 12,410 15,460 19,592 11,017 4,366 5,643 11,302 4,171 5,607 9,161 8,476 6,717 2,157 Q 169 Q 990 1,287 449 582 225 Q 198 Q 14.5 12.7 14.1 13.7 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 58,479 43,151 12,605 5,177 1,978 2,961 1,287 25,482 13,814 5,329 1,099 342 1,538 456 29,962 29,962 5,179 1,120 494 550 582 2,470 1,076 2,470 Q Q 467 Q 3,308 1,437 784 3,308 1,108 Q Q 659 Q Q Q Q 659 Q 8.2 8.7 11.5 19.3 29.6 19.4 41.0 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 57,708 53,839 58,479 22,993 2,976 24,878 23,657 25,482 8,200 1,713 29,802 27,766 29,962 13,339 1,366 2,464 2,089 2,470 1,202 Q 3,308 2,972 3,308 1,768 Q 648 563 659 395 Q 8.3 8.5 8.3 12.3 24.2 See footnotes at end of table. 172 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A42. Water-Heating Energy Sources, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Water-Heating Energy Sources Used (more than one may apply) All Buildings with Water Heating Building Characteristics All Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil District Heat Propane RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.8 1.5 2.3 Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Wood .............................................. Any Other ....................................... Cooking Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Propane .......................................... Water-Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Centralized System ........................ Self-Heating Tank ........................ Heated by Space-Heating Equipment .................................... Other ............................................ Distributed System ......................... Residential-Type Storage Tank ............................................. Point-of-Use ................................. Other ............................................ 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 11,207 6,432 7,089 10,215 7,644 7,278 8,613 6,032 3,060 3,421 3,601 2,429 3,262 3,677 4,748 3,057 3,500 6,343 4,836 3,804 3,674 273 260 191 331 399 464 551 86 169 168 330 495 474 1,586 199 Q Q Q Q Q Q 18.7 14.2 15.7 12.6 17.0 18.8 17.8 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 5,005 12,613 12,405 11,308 8,020 9,128 2,085 6,108 6,019 5,306 2,968 2,996 2,636 6,204 5,899 5,804 4,367 5,051 340 527 378 326 534 363 Q 383 734 435 406 1,316 Q Q Q Q Q Q 16.8 11.4 11.6 15.9 19.3 22.1 15,502 35,161 4,415 5,014 1,101 257 546 14,200 33,406 3,911 4,856 702 Q 506 11,365 10,389 1,504 987 397 Q Q 3,039 24,877 522 1,086 Q Q Q Q Q 2,116 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 3,118 Q Q Q 164 Q Q Q 307 Q Q 15.9 8.8 20.5 20.5 25.3 35.2 86.0 12,183 15,233 1,039 12,151 15,193 1,039 5,725 3,766 505 5,862 11,383 Q 512 597 313 1,192 802 Q Q Q 291 18.4 13.6 28.6 31,599 24,464 3,722 4,032 29,502 25,809 3,367 1,259 31,599 24,464 3,722 4,032 29,502 25,809 3,367 1,259 11,504 10,388 514 773 15,671 14,008 Q 439 16,228 12,906 1,706 2,130 14,816 13,174 1,467 757 2,127 1,062 984 257 397 273 Q Q 2,889 915 841 1,170 528 155 138 257 467 425 Q Q 245 241 Q Q 11.1 13.6 24.0 18.6 12.8 13.6 39.4 31.2 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 173 Table A43. Cooking Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Cooking Energy Sources (more than one may apply) All Buildings with Cooking All Buildings with Cooking Cooking Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Propane All Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Propane RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.8 0.5 0.9 1.2 1.0 2.3 RSE Row Factor All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... 4,806 734 356 431 70 67,876 23,065 12,183 15,233 1,039 7.7 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 320 137 114 70 44 29 15 6 158 75 45 25 25 16 8 4 175 70 75 50 27 18 11 4 35 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 903 998 1,852 2,627 3,110 4,062 4,639 4,874 440 542 780 923 1,764 2,252 2,254 3,227 498 518 1,223 1,930 1,885 2,597 3,470 3,111 98 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.2 11.1 11.3 15.0 12.4 14.9 15.6 29.3 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 98 40 244 6 38 89 30 Q 82 Q 68 13 Q 18 44 24 101 4 15 60 15 Q 41 Q 34 Q Q Q 63 17 169 5 29 39 14 Q 41 Q 32 Q Q 12 7 Q 30 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 5,676 350 1,450 1,289 1,600 3,806 3,674 Q 2,669 Q 1,231 349 Q 507 2,579 230 626 631 599 2,395 2,237 Q Q Q 600 Q Q Q 4,179 226 1,043 1,013 1,291 2,797 1,853 Q 1,114 Q 823 Q Q Q 267 Q 147 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 13.3 26.4 12.7 22.0 22.7 16.3 14.0 48.8 22.4 40.5 23.9 22.9 29.6 30.9 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 41 42 101 134 120 154 122 21 18 13 41 59 58 81 72 14 24 29 64 85 70 84 69 7 Q Q Q Q 14 12 Q Q 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 495 1,334 2,225 2,849 4,920 5,071 5,313 859 188 495 873 1,171 2,734 2,427 3,706 590 364 1,131 1,491 2,119 3,477 3,502 2,698 452 Q Q Q Q 298 253 Q Q 22.2 23.9 14.6 12.1 16.0 13.8 15.1 23.6 771 1,202 1,963 870 142 201 257 134 68 86 143 59 73 142 120 96 28 Q 29 Q 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 5,740 5,800 7,768 3,757 2,963 2,832 4,287 2,101 3,891 4,395 4,318 2,628 510 Q 377 Q 14.2 11.0 15.1 14.0 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 734 532 101 19 8 84 13 356 204 61 10 4 31 10 431 431 35 12 6 5 Q 70 Q 28 Q Q 70 Q 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 23,065 18,487 7,452 2,280 920 1,549 399 12,183 8,382 4,092 1,386 546 685 253 15,233 15,233 4,913 1,224 478 270 Q 1,039 Q 570 Q Q 1,039 Q 7.7 7.9 13.3 19.5 31.4 20.1 28.5 See footnotes at end of table. 174 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A43. Cooking Energy Sources, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Cooking Energy Sources (more than one may apply) All Buildings with Cooking All Buildings with Cooking Cooking Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Propane All Buildings Electricity Natural Gas Propane RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.8 0.5 0.9 1.2 1.0 2.3 RSE Row Factor Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating .......................................... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ............................... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Water-Heating Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 715 663 728 734 13 344 326 353 356 7 425 392 427 431 7 66 61 70 70 Q 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 22,736 22,003 22,993 23,065 528 12,124 11,792 12,151 12,183 281 14,987 14,533 15,193 15,233 309 1,000 944 1,039 1,039 Q 7.7 8.1 7.8 8.5 28.3 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 260 155 126 105 43 26 18 146 66 55 39 25 14 11 119 97 80 79 28 18 11 29 Q Q Q Q Q Q 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 2,678 1,326 1,719 3,419 3,424 3,998 6,502 Q 687 707 1,172 1,885 2,020 3,858 892 705 1,233 2,662 2,209 3,072 4,459 128 Q Q Q Q Q Q 15.4 12.6 14.0 13.6 14.6 15.0 14.4 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 116 89 83 149 218 78 68 38 36 68 107 40 46 54 56 97 126 52 Q Q Q Q 25 Q 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 1,828 3,010 3,118 5,195 4,750 5,163 826 1,726 1,723 2,805 2,418 2,684 1,098 1,912 1,852 3,487 3,619 3,266 Q Q Q Q 179 Q 18.4 14.2 12.7 11.7 13.8 17.6 1,696 1,647 126 38 80 264 425 26 12 30 182 153 13 8 Q 79 361 5 6 Q 33 Q 11 Q 27 25,482 29,962 2,470 3,308 659 8,200 13,339 1,202 1,768 395 5,725 5,862 512 1,192 Q 3,766 11,383 597 802 Q 505 Q 313 Q 291 12.7 8.8 25.1 24.8 27.8 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 175 Table A44. Percent of Floorspace Heated, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics Total Heated Less 100 Floorspace than 51 51 to 99 All Not All in All Percent Percent Percent Buildings Heated Heated Heated Heated Buildings Buildings Less 100 than 51 51 to 99 Not Percent Percent Percent Heated Heated Heated Heated RSE Column Factor: 0.6 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.6 2.2 1.6 1.2 0.7 RSE Row Factor All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... 4,806 653 688 618 2,846 67,876 51,200 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 5.6 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 448 99 64 27 6 7 2 Q 340 156 116 46 13 10 4 2 294 152 96 40 19 11 4 1 1,600 568 371 167 77 43 16 5 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 5,281 5,370 7,780 7,521 6,665 7,233 6,287 5,063 1,150 724 979 995 473 983 425 Q 1,014 1,182 1,801 1,665 937 1,395 1,148 2,054 844 1,115 1,546 1,415 1,289 1,590 1,168 1,245 4,319 4,178 6,050 5,995 5,364 5,710 5,148 3,497 7.2 6.8 8.4 12.0 12.5 16.5 17.1 32.5 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 Q Q Q Q Q 68 Q 7 Q Q Q 325 Q 170 Q Q 21 Q Q 208 43 7 36 Q 20 243 Q 67 30 29 50 11 20 210 141 Q 33 Q 36 38 Q Q 259 79 178 50 124 786 561 Q 188 45 306 155 36 73 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 8,161 636 1,259 1,705 2,724 9,790 11,127 134 3,936 785 3,493 4,942 876 1,631 Q Q Q Q Q 619 Q 487 Q Q Q 2,771 Q 1,769 Q Q 165 Q Q 2,287 787 1,094 501 Q 297 4,287 Q 1,212 1,105 189 337 253 601 2,310 3,031 Q 402 Q 397 1,207 Q Q 7,143 468 934 1,471 2,185 7,186 8,437 Q 3,487 729 3,041 3,219 729 1,194 13.2 23.2 17.4 22.4 19.9 11.1 10.5 28.6 21.7 34.4 18.8 12.2 25.7 15.2 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 Q 24 106 121 99 145 124 21 35 45 135 115 115 114 117 11 32 38 110 109 97 125 98 Q 88 147 374 535 473 598 544 87 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,319 2,642 5,849 7,888 9,702 10,725 11,068 2,006 Q 325 1,119 1,053 1,084 1,292 1,036 199 332 764 2,015 1,495 2,040 1,966 2,304 279 313 590 1,208 1,581 2,061 2,039 2,074 345 973 1,930 4,371 6,292 7,427 8,716 8,873 1,679 20.9 19.1 12.4 11.5 11.1 9.9 11.7 18.2 771 1,202 1,963 870 77 168 280 128 98 163 298 128 111 143 229 135 484 727 1,155 480 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 10,640 14,107 17,550 8,903 646 1,120 2,983 1,460 2,479 2,034 4,414 2,268 2,114 2,249 3,107 2,740 8,161 11,876 14,073 6,151 11.2 10.1 9.4 12.6 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 467 47 Q Q Q Q Q 686 374 84 4 Q 58 51 616 425 85 9 3 49 Q 2,846 1,820 378 82 23 218 84 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 51,194 37,980 11,413 4,887 1,852 2,645 1,147 4,894 647 Q Q Q Q Q 11,191 7,038 1,357 385 Q 659 324 10,204 7,694 2,696 815 394 726 Q 40,260 29,718 8,760 4,106 1,493 1,924 923 5.8 8.5 11.9 22.3 28.8 18.6 22.9 See footnotes at end of table. 176 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A44. Percent of Floorspace Heated, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics Total Heated Less 100 Floorspace than 51 51 to 99 All Not All in All Percent Percent Percent Buildings Heated Heated Heated Heated Buildings Buildings Less 100 than 51 51 to 99 Not Percent Percent Percent Heated Heated Heated Heated RSE Column Factor: 0.6 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.6 2.2 1.6 1.2 0.7 RSE Row Factor Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating .......................................... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ............................... Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD .................. 5,500-7,000 HDD ......................... 4,000-5,499 HDD ......................... Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................ More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................ Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ......................................... Siding or Shingles .......................... Metal Panels .................................. Concrete Panels ............................. Window Glass ................................ Other .............................................. Predominant Roof Material Built-Up .......................................... Shingles (Not Wood) ...................... Metal Surfacing .............................. Synthetic or Rubber ....................... Slate or Tile .................................... Concrete ......................................... Other .............................................. Floors One ................................................ Two ................................................ Three .............................................. Four to Nine ................................... Ten or More .................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 25 66 73 19 Q 688 508 492 59 26 618 538 539 133 31 2,846 2,390 2,398 523 58 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 51,200 46,735 48,559 20,546 2,292 330 1,067 888 Q Q 11,195 9,796 9,557 2,044 859 10,211 9,553 9,745 4,280 710 40,260 36,626 38,289 16,332 1,513 6.9 7.5 6.9 10.9 21.3 399 1,134 1,077 1,101 59 125 122 152 45 153 149 169 55 159 122 130 240 697 684 651 5,623 18,024 16,162 15,251 4,494 14,913 12,319 10,715 453 905 1,376 1,725 607 2,423 2,794 2,987 810 2,786 2,132 2,395 3,753 11,910 9,859 8,145 20.5 13.7 16.3 17.1 1,095 196 171 153 575 12,816 8,758 1,751 2,384 2,088 6,593 14.6 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 280 131 220 12 Q Q 404 90 159 16 Q Q 424 107 56 11 9 13 2,008 436 310 48 23 20 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 38,566 2,859 3,671 3,583 1,644 877 3,299 572 1,802 300 Q Q 7,050 422 2,185 1,259 Q Q 7,350 638 803 801 398 221 30,886 2,241 2,603 2,600 1,244 686 6.6 11.4 12.1 20.4 27.1 35.8 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 160 144 283 19 Q 15 Q 257 152 211 33 13 6 Q 243 177 91 54 17 Q 35 983 908 452 280 110 14 100 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 23,789 8,362 4,729 10,392 1,693 758 1,477 2,126 843 1,990 206 Q 806 Q 4,328 1,523 2,653 1,168 194 1,156 Q 5,398 1,435 915 1,682 302 96 383 18,405 6,769 3,462 8,647 1,368 485 1,125 8.1 9.8 10.8 13.6 23.7 30.9 22.5 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 532 87 25 9 Q 409 190 62 26 2 327 160 90 38 2 1,739 716 268 114 9 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 17,666 14,211 8,087 7,687 3,549 3,482 877 698 966 Q 4,608 3,386 1,047 1,725 Q 2,878 2,823 1,809 1,744 957 14,456 10,939 6,324 5,943 2,599 8.5 8.1 12.6 16.2 24.2 4,193 490 94 29 620 26 Q Q 638 41 Q Q 513 78 24 3 2,422 344 59 21 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 36,753 10,169 2,911 1,366 5,813 324 Q Q 9,581 1,371 Q Q 6,761 2,379 876 195 29,201 7,741 2,147 1,171 6.1 11.9 18.7 30.8 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 586 36 23 Q Q Q Q 442 127 69 35 9 4 1 265 154 100 63 18 10 8 1,424 578 370 303 101 49 22 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 10,188 5,541 5,714 8,974 6,601 6,730 7,450 4,578 455 Q Q Q Q Q 3,678 1,659 1,992 1,350 1,123 486 907 1,318 1,265 1,247 1,801 1,200 1,425 1,956 8,371 4,146 4,286 7,206 5,329 5,412 5,511 9.0 10.1 11.7 10.4 14.9 17.0 16.8 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 177 Table A44. Percent of Floorspace Heated, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics Total Heated Less 100 Floorspace than 51 51 to 99 All Not All in All Percent Percent Percent Buildings Heated Heated Heated Heated Buildings Buildings Less 100 than 51 51 to 99 Not Percent Percent Percent Heated Heated Heated Heated RSE Column Factor: 0.6 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.6 2.2 1.6 1.2 0.7 RSE Row Factor Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Additional Operating Hours for Equipment Use Heating and/or Cooling .................. Lighting ........................................... Heating and/or Cooling and Lighting ................................... No Additional Hours ....................... Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months 1-50 Percent ................................... 51-99 Percent ................................. 100 Percent .................................... None ............................................... Space-Heating Energy Source (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Wood .............................................. Any Other ....................................... Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Wood .............................................. Any Other ....................................... Replacemant Energy Source for Primary Heating Electricity Only ............................... Natural Gas Only ............................ Fuel Oil Only .................................. Propane Only ................................. Any Other Single Energy Source .............................. More than One Energy Source .............................. Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 323 100 87 43 43 56 109 215 182 89 60 33 78 164 152 105 81 38 528 799 583 407 294 235 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 5,005 11,236 10,662 9,925 6,546 7,826 2,369 1,309 845 541 409 737 1,083 2,579 2,635 1,654 1,771 1,473 467 2,096 2,877 2,227 1,275 1,269 4,327 9,015 7,690 7,639 5,012 6,577 11.0 9.1 9.5 11.9 13.1 15.9 1,223 633 371 3,320 Q 33 Q 612 130 101 34 491 198 116 76 381 882 384 257 1,837 20,300 12,886 8,717 43,407 17,349 10,398 7,300 30,753 Q 528 Q 5,549 2,614 2,154 1,231 7,659 3,571 2,249 1,542 5,933 13,695 7,955 5,656 24,267 9.7 12.0 15.7 7.3 362 97 398 3,948 36 Q 202 402 62 45 49 531 84 7 11 516 179 32 136 2,499 12,420 2,263 4,109 49,085 9,716 1,221 1,821 38,443 559 Q 1,792 3,636 2,112 1,020 606 7,458 3,021 210 94 6,887 6,729 809 1,617 31,105 13.0 26.1 15.8 6.4 1,513 2,405 479 94 255 102 39 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 283 353 73 4 51 36 Q 224 392 70 9 34 Q Q 999 1,654 330 80 163 49 26 25,636 38,524 7,334 5,242 1,568 504 661 19,934 32,467 6,541 4,805 1,175 306 491 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 5,932 6,524 702 385 393 211 Q 4,569 6,596 1,444 815 285 Q Q 14,983 25,235 5,148 4,024 858 188 444 9.2 7.2 14.5 22.4 23.1 24.8 62.9 1,107 2,276 394 91 217 68 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 220 332 62 3 40 Q Q 160 361 53 9 26 Q Q 720 1,576 276 79 146 Q Q 15,502 35,161 4,415 5,014 1,101 257 546 11,600 29,755 3,896 4,601 794 145 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 4,044 5,783 495 381 302 Q Q 2,406 6,064 815 725 160 Q Q 8,980 23,226 3,072 3,890 610 Q Q 11.2 7.5 18.3 23.3 25.8 35.7 71.6 350 213 161 212 57 93 Q Q Q Q Q Q 71 40 25 46 Q Q 55 29 31 28 Q Q 223 143 103 135 34 71 2,559 2,260 5,451 2,174 477 895 1,958 1,830 4,926 1,822 362 743 Q Q Q Q Q Q 674 459 527 336 Q Q 480 279 779 366 Q Q 1,389 1,479 4,140 1,438 153 566 15.3 19.7 18.4 19.2 39.3 25.8 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 587 48 Q 15 180 459 23 26 81 149 337 51 456 520 294 1,576 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 4,465 14,054 11,915 20,766 5,144 657 Q 168 1,399 8,453 Q 517 657 2,745 6,041 767 3,635 9,860 6,764 20,001 10.3 9.6 10.3 13.6 See footnotes at end of table. 178 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A44. Percent of Floorspace Heated, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics Total Heated Less 100 Floorspace than 51 51 to 99 All Not All in All Percent Percent Percent Buildings Heated Heated Heated Heated Buildings Buildings Less 100 than 51 51 to 99 Not Percent Percent Percent Heated Heated Heated Heated RSE Column Factor: 0.6 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.6 2.2 1.6 1.2 0.7 RSE Row Factor Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters ............... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. Heating Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Radiators or Baseboards ............... Ducts for Heating ......................... Heating Only .............................. Heating and Cooling ................... Variable Air-Volume System Used ............................. Fan Coil Units for Heating ........................................ Heating Only .............................. Heating and Cooling ................... Individual Space Heaters ............... Other .............................................. Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ............... Wall Insulation ................................ Storm or Multiple Glazing ............... Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ............................... Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ...................... Windows that Open ........................ HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System .......................................... Economizer Cycle .......................... HVAC Maintenance ........................ 413 881 813 2,699 315 130 36 172 29 344 66 249 Q 83 255 267 55 325 456 2,011 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 758 5,326 12,007 33,109 2,327 1,540 Q 1,929 214 3,942 1,325 5,714 Q 857 4,535 4,742 661 3,641 7,951 28,007 17.5 10.7 11.5 7.6 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 74 241 352 4 47 96 Q 68 267 210 9 93 166 Q 307 1,184 902 80 484 608 36 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 6,647 13,366 17,295 4,805 19,125 13,423 813 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1,611 4,139 5,663 385 1,366 2,623 Q 1,908 2,671 3,667 815 3,551 3,519 Q 4,750 10,099 13,049 4,024 15,747 9,857 625 13.5 8.3 8.6 22.4 10.6 11.3 32.3 473 2,955 577 2,378 210 99 78 21 1,464 181 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 33 384 102 282 11 11 Q Q 352 24 68 467 85 382 31 12 11 2 210 37 372 2,104 391 1,714 168 76 60 16 902 120 13,263 45,422 5,950 39,472 11,528 5,474 3,569 1,906 22,380 3,310 12,374 38,208 4,658 33,550 10,403 4,973 3,303 1,669 17,295 2,919 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 742 7,757 1,673 6,084 1,255 404 Q Q 5,663 416 2,347 7,852 809 7,043 1,764 1,190 897 293 3,667 740 10,173 29,813 3,468 26,345 8,508 3,881 2,488 1,393 13,049 2,154 12.2 6.5 13.1 7.2 17.5 18.0 20.0 26.1 8.6 20.3 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 196 126 44 53 52 198 431 307 189 136 240 297 475 325 255 162 301 279 2,241 1,563 1,193 718 1,259 1,345 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 41,248 27,871 25,883 21,475 29,282 23,120 2,154 1,170 327 587 744 1,738 7,135 4,163 3,584 3,437 3,887 4,442 8,462 5,672 4,674 4,596 6,291 4,202 32,559 22,235 21,099 16,776 23,149 18,555 6.4 7.9 9.2 10.9 7.9 7.9 250 414 2,503 Q Q 38 16 35 319 35 62 347 196 311 1,799 13,970 18,313 49,173 12,514 16,401 41,573 Q Q 885 1,475 1,908 7,032 2,100 3,119 7,481 10,302 13,204 33,776 15.0 12.7 7.8 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 179 Table A44. Percent of Floorspace Heated, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics Total Less Heated 100 than 51 51 to 99 Floorspace All Not All Percent Percent Percent in All Buildings Heated Heated Heated Heated Buildings Buildings Less 100 than 51 51 to 99 Not Percent Percent Percent Heated Heated Heated Heated RSE Column Factor: 0.6 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.6 2.2 1.6 1.2 0.7 RSE Row Factor Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ........................................... Cooling ........................................... Hot Water ....................................... Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. Energy Management Practices (more than one may apply) Energy Management and Control System .......................................... Demand-Side Management Participation .................................. Energy Audit ................................... Building Energy Manager ........................................ 3,400 2,872 578 4,089 547 Q 53 22 340 24 581 427 94 626 79 525 452 78 561 102 2,280 1,939 385 2,562 342 46,248 42,768 9,966 54,944 7,996 38,248 34,944 8,578 42,646 6,210 Q 771 115 3,551 156 8,552 7,616 1,340 9,474 1,725 8,053 7,616 1,926 8,837 1,765 29,493 26,765 6,585 33,082 4,350 5.8 7.6 11.6 5.8 15.4 236 Q 12 35 188 14,320 13,229 Q 877 2,708 10,707 15.1 315 521 49 Q 17 Q 34 51 7 45 78 6 234 376 36 11,310 14,779 2,311 9,932 12,437 2,035 Q 512 Q 1,360 1,707 323 1,878 2,709 289 8,010 9,852 1,699 13.4 12.3 27.8 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 180 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A45. Percent of Floorspace Cooled, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics Total Cooled Less 100 Floorspace than 51 51 to 99 All Not All in All Percent Percent Percent Buildings Cooled Cooled Cooled Cooled Buildings Buildings Less 100 than 51 51 to 99 Not Percent Percent Percent Cooled Cooled Cooled Cooled RSE Column Factor: 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 RSE Row Factor All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... 4,806 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 67,876 36,457 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 5.3 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 889 216 128 44 12 12 2 Q 507 279 215 103 38 21 9 4 299 152 108 46 27 16 8 2 987 327 196 87 39 22 7 Q 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 3,714 3,802 5,354 5,167 4,646 4,999 4,386 4,389 2,332 1,598 2,012 1,635 878 1,606 672 Q 1,531 2,091 3,398 3,696 2,703 2,932 2,705 2,660 830 1,136 1,753 1,652 1,785 2,247 2,371 2,098 2,633 2,374 3,213 3,087 2,697 2,893 2,141 2,416 7.1 6.6 8.5 11.0 11.2 14.2 16.5 28.7 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 49 Q Q Q 34 330 Q 11 70 Q 80 437 25 205 52 Q 42 Q 12 457 84 10 56 30 41 282 20 62 39 25 72 15 31 163 187 Q 40 Q 39 18 10 Q 160 70 130 40 77 322 460 Q 112 9 206 24 15 44 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 4,426 598 1,142 1,591 2,074 6,998 10,485 78 3,217 404 2,192 1,648 617 989 1,080 Q Q Q 398 1,528 Q 731 479 Q 626 3,599 90 2,014 3,008 Q 361 Q 356 4,088 1,238 891 902 392 1,015 7,090 478 1,693 1,538 235 449 576 891 3,332 4,662 Q 808 Q 450 392 260 Q 2,844 377 638 1,081 1,246 3,454 6,298 Q 2,367 186 1,657 402 301 598 12.1 20.4 14.2 18.1 18.9 9.5 9.0 32.6 18.3 28.3 16.1 13.9 23.6 16.4 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 50 86 234 237 220 241 202 35 67 68 190 250 181 212 191 17 24 44 106 111 103 142 112 16 28 58 195 282 279 387 379 60 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 672 1,366 3,511 4,647 6,994 8,497 9,055 1,716 414 849 2,126 2,161 2,011 1,728 1,302 244 828 1,555 3,240 3,942 3,604 3,881 4,132 534 228 679 1,492 1,636 3,167 3,035 3,045 590 251 526 1,853 2,682 3,830 5,370 5,807 1,134 19.4 17.7 11.5 9.7 10.2 8.7 11.0 18.1 771 1,202 1,963 870 250 417 394 243 241 287 486 161 125 170 244 119 155 327 839 347 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 5,847 8,393 15,202 7,015 2,242 2,898 3,372 2,323 5,640 6,318 6,482 3,275 3,049 3,825 4,097 2,902 2,469 4,240 10,627 4,118 11.0 9.4 8.7 11.2 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 1,114 402 180 14 Q 107 93 1,176 740 191 24 Q 106 47 658 457 79 18 6 46 Q 1,668 1,065 108 39 20 78 14 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 36,457 26,496 8,061 3,299 1,650 1,388 424 9,508 3,674 1,137 552 Q 556 435 21,715 15,579 3,991 1,466 Q 1,556 724 13,872 10,765 4,085 1,562 702 608 Q 21,454 15,079 4,005 1,758 988 674 190 5.3 6.5 11.1 16.8 22.4 16.7 22.8 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 181 Table A45. Percent of Floorspace Cooled, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics Total Cooled Less 100 Floorspace than 51 51 to 99 All Not All in All Percent Percent Percent Buildings Cooled Cooled Cooled Cooled Buildings Buildings Less 100 than 51 51 to 99 Not Percent Percent Percent Cooled Cooled Cooled Cooled RSE Column Factor: 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 RSE Row Factor Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating .......................................... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ............................... Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD .................. 5,500-7,000 HDD ......................... 4,000-5,499 HDD ......................... Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................ More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD ................ Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ......................................... Siding or Shingles .......................... Metal Panels .................................. Concrete Panels ............................. Window Glass ................................ Other .............................................. Predominant Roof Material Built-Up .......................................... Shingles (Not Wood) ...................... Metal Surfacing .............................. Synthetic or Rubber ....................... Slate or Tile .................................... Concrete ......................................... Other .............................................. Floors One ................................................ Two ................................................ Three .............................................. Four to Nine ................................... Ten or More .................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 739 Q 485 71 29 1,131 1,176 992 159 59 654 658 606 178 22 1,655 1,668 1,418 326 11 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 36,003 36,457 34,691 16,180 956 5,923 Q 4,640 1,062 304 21,153 21,715 19,984 5,471 2,104 13,631 13,872 13,574 7,211 461 21,289 21,454 20,281 9,321 306 5.5 5.4 5.9 10.0 18.9 399 1,134 1,077 1,101 170 368 324 263 95 304 279 231 57 180 143 132 77 282 332 475 5,623 18,024 16,162 15,251 2,424 8,590 8,125 9,012 1,356 3,047 2,613 2,382 1,969 6,800 5,670 4,008 919 4,304 3,537 2,871 1,379 3,872 4,342 5,991 18.0 12.1 14.9 16.7 1,095 180 266 146 503 12,816 8,306 1,437 3,268 2,241 5,870 14.0 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 625 291 351 17 Q Q 758 121 242 29 Q 19 483 117 30 14 10 Q 1,249 236 121 28 21 13 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 27,375 1,852 1,951 2,915 1,605 759 6,501 1,248 2,538 397 Q Q 15,472 849 3,339 1,583 Q 170 9,925 707 481 1,663 878 216 16,686 1,068 1,034 1,317 796 552 5.9 10.6 13.7 18.4 23.2 31.3 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 323 357 461 67 42 10 43 436 252 319 103 18 13 35 256 214 69 64 27 Q 25 627 559 188 151 67 10 64 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 17,289 5,908 2,837 7,641 1,033 728 1,021 3,853 1,965 2,942 809 390 635 242 9,401 2,933 3,839 3,097 543 1,367 535 6,321 2,082 689 3,812 408 225 335 10,682 3,591 1,548 3,984 656 318 674 7.3 9.0 11.2 10.7 18.6 31.8 18.8 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 942 238 92 31 Q 658 312 137 65 3 301 196 115 41 4 1,106 407 102 49 5 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 12,555 9,877 5,172 5,697 3,156 5,572 2,276 1,255 1,622 Q 8,053 6,267 3,359 3,155 881 3,336 3,561 2,580 2,616 1,780 8,463 5,921 2,684 2,985 1,402 8.0 7.5 10.7 14.0 20.7 4,193 490 94 29 1,206 80 14 Q 1,045 109 18 Q 541 85 28 4 1,401 216 33 17 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 25,689 7,212 2,285 1,271 9,666 942 175 Q 17,378 3,594 598 Q 8,678 3,264 1,427 502 15,634 4,015 1,006 800 5.8 10.4 19.3 26.7 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 1,096 115 60 20 12 Q Q 582 268 162 113 37 12 1 251 143 114 92 26 18 14 790 369 226 179 55 33 15 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 6,736 3,567 3,822 6,048 4,216 4,869 7,199 7,225 1,276 1,123 566 450 Q Q 4,650 3,132 3,447 4,190 3,265 2,228 804 1,249 1,056 1,287 2,391 1,497 2,007 4,386 4,820 2,061 2,221 3,410 2,551 2,960 3,430 9.5 8.6 11.2 10.9 13.8 13.8 14.6 See footnotes at end of table. 182 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A45. Percent of Floorspace Cooled, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics Total Less Cooled 100 than 51 51 to 99 Floorspace All Not All Percent Percent Percent in All Buildings Cooled Cooled Cooled Cooled Buildings Buildings Less 100 than 51 51 to 99 Not Percent Percent Percent Cooled Cooled Cooled Cooled RSE Column Factor: 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 RSE Row Factor Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Additional Operating Hours for Equipment Use Heating and/or Cooling .................. Lighting ........................................... Heating and/or Cooling and Lighting ................................... No Additional Hours ....................... Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months 1-50 Percent ................................... 51-99 Percent ................................. 100 Percent .................................... None ............................................... Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners ............................. Heat Pumps ................................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................. District Chilled Water ...................... Central Chillers ............................... Packaged Air Conditioning Units ......................... Swamp Coolers .............................. Other .............................................. 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 526 271 217 116 73 100 127 341 346 197 106 59 80 184 133 102 99 60 306 482 307 230 200 142 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 2,790 7,657 7,368 7,422 4,897 6,324 3,614 2,441 1,828 904 725 1,324 2,176 5,216 5,317 3,796 2,860 2,351 521 2,726 2,784 3,123 2,379 2,340 1,935 4,616 4,118 4,238 2,504 4,043 10.8 8.5 8.4 9.6 12.0 14.7 1,223 633 371 3,320 189 109 35 1,041 327 172 98 775 227 128 89 391 479 224 149 1,114 20,300 12,886 8,717 43,407 11,845 8,014 5,561 22,159 1,677 860 367 8,666 7,124 4,003 2,753 13,341 5,315 3,781 2,670 7,447 6,185 4,243 2,927 13,953 8.7 10.1 14.2 7.0 362 97 398 3,948 55 27 251 970 98 40 58 980 84 7 8 559 125 23 81 1,439 12,420 2,263 4,109 49,085 8,384 1,013 915 26,145 583 253 2,233 7,765 3,003 1,183 1,124 16,406 4,844 196 105 8,727 3,990 630 646 16,187 11.5 24.3 16.7 5.8 3,404 106 28 Q Q Q 1,154 31 Q 643 17 6 1,608 59 20 54,628 1,906 2,066 34,628 1,535 1,650 Q Q Q 21,068 456 Q 13,370 380 702 20,191 1,070 988 5.5 19.7 22.4 653 688 618 2,846 587 180 81 456 48 459 149 520 Q 23 337 294 15 26 51 1,576 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 460 2,697 6,034 27,266 5,144 1,399 657 3,635 657 8,453 2,745 9,860 Q Q 6,041 6,764 168 517 767 20,001 20.6 13.6 11.0 6.3 413 881 813 2,699 359 301 148 496 24 374 170 608 Q 64 251 339 25 142 244 1,256 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 314 3,260 8,878 24,005 2,501 2,758 1,166 4,409 562 4,867 3,952 12,334 Q 802 4,855 8,205 206 1,553 4,251 15,444 18.5 10.6 10.6 6.3 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 259 111 568 Q 20 346 57 Q 168 79 191 6 46 317 31 Q 389 263 265 20 76 796 91 Q 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 5,284 5,451 8,146 1,650 10,863 19,229 1,442 228 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 4,166 3,024 10,452 Q 1,752 9,007 659 Q 1,961 1,832 3,767 702 4,712 7,824 652 Q 2,894 3,550 3,761 988 6,527 10,999 774 Q 9.7 11.1 11.2 22.4 14.5 7.0 25.1 57.4 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 183 Table A45. Percent of Floorspace Cooled, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics Total Less Cooled 100 than 51 51 to 99 Floorspace All Not All Percent Percent Percent in All Buildings Cooled Cooled Cooled Cooled Buildings Buildings Less 100 than 51 51 to 99 Not Percent Percent Percent Cooled Cooled Cooled Cooled RSE Column Factor: 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 RSE Row Factor Cooling Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Ducts for Cooling ............................ Cooling Only ................................. Heating and Cooling ..................... Variable Air-Volume System Used ............................... Fan Coil Units for Cooling .............. Cooling Only ................................. Heating and Cooling ..................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................. Other .............................................. Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ............... Wall Insulation ................................ Storm or Multiple Glazing ............... Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ............................... Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ...................... Windows that Open ........................ HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System .......................................... Economizer Cycle .......................... HVAC Maintenance ........................ Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ........................................... Cooling ........................................... Hot Water ....................................... Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. Energy Management Practices (more than one may apply) Energy Management and Control System .......................................... Demand-Side Management Participation .................................. Energy Audit ................................... Building Energy Manager ........................................ 2,733 355 2,378 221 56 35 21 1,023 111 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 698 147 551 38 17 14 Q 568 45 557 68 489 50 14 8 5 191 23 1,478 140 1,338 134 25 13 12 265 44 47,755 8,283 39,472 12,430 3,875 1,969 1,906 17,979 2,919 33,106 5,165 27,941 10,197 2,914 1,343 1,572 8,146 2,202 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 15,366 3,478 11,888 1,936 942 699 Q 10,452 695 12,367 1,898 10,469 3,887 1,352 574 778 3,767 1,084 20,022 2,908 17,115 6,607 1,581 697 884 3,761 1,139 5.7 11.6 5.9 12.5 19.8 30.7 18.8 11.2 22.0 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 616 412 275 91 147 604 835 549 426 261 496 568 531 356 314 195 381 277 1,362 1,004 665 521 829 670 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 30,272 21,638 18,672 17,541 22,553 13,930 5,124 2,963 2,354 1,046 1,873 4,971 15,497 8,977 9,092 6,787 9,868 10,559 11,573 7,713 7,158 7,107 8,975 5,478 18,116 13,588 11,080 10,456 13,356 7,929 5.6 6.8 7.9 9.3 7.5 7.3 250 414 2,503 14 Q 327 47 105 663 51 103 427 138 206 1,086 13,970 18,313 49,173 10,724 14,038 30,641 244 Q 3,338 2,655 4,005 15,589 4,375 6,384 11,979 6,697 7,924 18,267 13.6 10.8 6.4 3,400 2,872 578 4,089 547 596 Q 133 922 101 964 1,001 172 1,090 156 517 535 77 580 101 1,323 1,335 195 1,498 189 46,248 42,768 9,966 54,944 7,996 26,342 26,905 5,639 29,637 4,339 4,322 Q 1,135 7,602 704 16,548 16,782 3,304 18,829 3,095 10,204 10,766 2,410 11,369 1,993 15,174 15,221 3,117 17,144 2,204 5.5 5.3 10.6 5.1 13.8 236 19 42 54 121 14,320 11,157 493 2,350 4,925 6,552 13.8 315 521 49 48 97 Q 82 134 7 72 107 14 113 184 22 11,310 14,779 2,311 7,290 8,810 1,606 643 1,143 Q 3,141 4,763 635 3,605 4,251 489 3,920 4,622 1,098 12.2 10.1 23.4 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 184 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A46. Percent of Floorspace Lit, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics All Buildings Not Lit when Open Less Total than Lit 51 100 51 Floorspace to 99 All Percent Percent Percent in All Buildings Buildings Lit Lit Lit Not Lit when Open Less than 51 100 51 to 99 Percent Percent Percent Lit Lit Lit RSE Column Factor: 0.6 1.8 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.7 2.2 1.4 1.2 0.8 RSE Row Factor All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... 4,806 413 881 813 2,699 67,876 54,961 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 5.7 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 287 64 36 18 5 Q Q Q 489 180 144 41 14 11 2 Q 387 189 128 63 24 13 5 Q 1,518 541 339 158 73 46 19 4 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 5,420 5,527 7,881 7,993 6,845 8,154 7,025 6,116 724 458 529 613 341 Q Q Q 1,405 1,318 2,235 1,500 1,017 1,501 557 Q 1,076 1,405 2,092 2,300 1,605 1,816 1,363 2,568 4,122 4,018 5,520 5,656 5,099 6,296 5,743 3,939 7.2 7.1 8.5 11.4 12.1 15.5 18.2 31.1 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 168 Q 221 Q Q 28 Q 26 217 77 Q 90 Q 81 241 Q 63 56 Q 52 19 27 236 197 Q 58 13 67 50 11 Q 238 93 180 38 100 809 475 15 128 34 218 303 42 26 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 8,119 698 1,257 1,688 2,563 10,929 11,170 1,562 3,517 712 2,541 8,353 963 889 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 756 Q 2,403 Q Q 260 Q 342 1,274 773 Q 931 Q 1,446 2,928 Q 1,488 2,044 Q 350 351 599 2,759 3,429 Q Q 196 799 1,266 230 Q 6,284 591 882 1,368 1,948 8,335 8,116 1,454 1,806 542 1,503 6,535 746 282 11.9 23.6 15.8 20.9 20.2 10.1 9.8 40.5 17.1 33.3 16.9 11.9 26.2 16.6 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 Q 23 76 78 55 83 74 Q 61 79 168 151 138 150 114 20 41 52 122 150 132 163 138 15 55 101 359 501 458 586 558 82 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,088 2,309 6,643 8,127 10,704 11,838 12,084 2,167 Q 321 654 554 457 630 512 Q 652 1,175 1,584 1,862 1,523 1,414 1,489 280 429 946 1,535 2,115 2,264 2,982 3,539 413 560 1,166 4,939 5,890 8,369 8,988 8,745 1,737 18.9 18.8 12.5 10.8 11.4 10.4 11.9 20.8 771 1,202 1,963 870 46 138 178 51 170 245 344 123 171 210 283 148 384 609 1,158 549 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 11,215 13,556 19,815 10,375 454 1,031 1,193 601 1,763 2,771 3,759 1,688 3,098 3,914 4,613 2,599 8,085 9,565 15,013 7,731 12.1 9.7 9.6 13.7 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 223 50 Q Q Q Q Q 881 488 118 11 Q 54 48 813 504 115 23 5 52 28 2,699 1,623 310 61 20 214 74 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 54,961 38,236 11,487 4,747 1,819 2,868 1,196 1,952 650 Q Q Q Q Q 9,980 6,381 1,382 336 Q 484 351 14,224 9,745 3,202 1,119 394 571 320 40,393 28,321 8,401 3,704 1,444 2,263 832 5.7 7.6 12.4 19.4 25.7 18.8 23.1 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 185 Table A46. Percent of Floorspace Lit, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics All Buildings Not Lit when Open Less Total than Lit 51 100 51 Floorspace to 99 All Percent Percent Percent in All Buildings Buildings Lit Lit Lit Not Lit when Open Less than 51 100 51 to 99 Percent Percent Percent Lit Lit Lit RSE Column Factor: 0.6 1.8 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.7 2.2 1.4 1.2 0.8 RSE Row Factor Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating .......................................... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ............................... Floors One ................................................ Two ................................................ Three .............................................. Four to Nine ................................... Ten or More .................................... Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Additional Operating Hours for Equipment Use Heating and/or Cooling .................. Lighting ........................................... Heating and/or Cooling and Lighting ................................... No Additional Hours ....................... Percent Vacant for at Least Three Months 1-50 Percent ................................... 51-99 Percent ................................. 100 Percent .................................... None ............................................... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 103 54 67 Q Q 760 580 605 111 27 780 665 663 154 17 2,536 2,203 2,167 463 73 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 52,476 48,813 49,962 20,477 2,592 1,047 779 819 Q Q 8,527 7,222 7,515 2,094 565 13,822 13,058 13,540 6,377 765 38,601 35,984 36,604 14,526 1,815 6.1 6.7 6.6 10.2 21.4 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 326 61 21 Q Q 458 262 117 44 1 404 234 112 59 4 1,819 598 196 80 8 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 20,399 14,363 8,051 8,564 3,585 1,785 560 312 Q Q 3,324 3,554 1,481 1,477 143 4,357 3,789 2,575 2,355 1,147 15,957 10,121 5,509 6,259 2,546 8.3 8.1 12.0 15.3 24.4 4,193 490 94 29 391 14 Q Q 803 69 5 Q 688 103 21 1 2,311 305 63 21 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 40,844 9,854 2,868 1,395 2,677 514 Q Q 8,465 1,281 137 Q 9,946 3,260 866 152 30,268 6,759 2,131 1,234 6.1 12.7 19.2 31.1 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 407 Q Q Q Q Q Q 665 136 49 20 7 Q Q 352 180 128 103 27 14 8 1,294 577 381 281 96 47 24 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 10,700 5,898 6,674 9,552 7,137 6,807 8,193 3,185 Q Q Q Q Q Q 4,775 1,914 1,433 806 578 Q Q 2,779 1,518 1,604 2,723 1,496 2,007 2,097 7,205 4,086 4,986 6,994 5,689 5,072 6,361 9.3 9.0 11.6 10.0 17.3 15.6 14.4 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 332 Q 29 Q Q 18 172 261 192 108 91 58 126 245 187 124 79 51 408 759 595 402 301 234 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 4,210 12,330 11,784 10,503 7,213 8,922 2,853 Q 129 Q Q 88 1,482 2,803 2,242 1,413 1,267 774 1,002 2,993 3,107 3,021 1,760 2,342 2,910 9,094 8,568 7,562 5,406 6,853 10.5 8.7 9.2 10.9 12.9 16.6 1,223 633 371 3,320 Q 38 Q 367 188 119 54 628 255 134 83 507 766 342 228 1,819 20,300 12,886 8,717 43,407 17,709 11,044 7,758 33,966 Q 222 Q 3,030 2,565 1,559 809 6,665 4,855 2,960 2,221 8,630 12,832 8,145 5,666 25,082 9.6 12.0 16.5 7.4 362 97 398 3,948 Q Q 226 163 97 59 31 694 102 12 21 678 148 18 120 2,413 12,420 2,263 4,109 49,085 10,623 1,084 1,407 41,847 Q Q 2,418 740 1,290 1,460 344 6,886 4,459 259 265 9,240 6,601 492 1,081 32,219 11.9 25.1 16.2 6.9 653 688 618 2,846 315 29 Q 55 130 344 83 325 36 66 255 456 172 249 267 2,011 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 2,653 7,944 8,654 35,711 2,327 214 Q 661 1,540 3,942 857 3,641 Q 1,325 4,535 7,951 1,929 5,714 4,742 28,007 14.9 13.5 10.3 7.6 See footnotes at end of table. 186 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A46. Percent of Floorspace Lit, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics All Buildings Not Lit when Open Less Total than Lit 51 100 51 Floorspace to 99 All Percent Percent Percent in All Lit Buildings Buildings Lit Lit Not Lit when Open Less than 51 100 51 to 99 Percent Percent Percent Lit Lit Lit RSE Column Factor: 0.6 1.8 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.7 2.2 1.4 1.2 0.8 RSE Row Factor Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Closed Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent .................................. Standard Fluorescent ..................... Compact Fluorescent ..................... High-Intensity Discharge ................ Other .............................................. Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ............... Wall Insulation ................................ Storm or Multiple Glazing ............... Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ............................... Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings .................................... Windows that Open ........................ Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors ......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches .............. Other .............................................. Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ........................................... Cooling ........................................... Hot Water ....................................... Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 359 24 Q 25 301 374 64 142 148 170 251 244 496 608 339 1,256 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 6,148 17,015 12,431 19,367 2,501 562 Q 206 2,758 4,867 802 1,553 1,166 3,952 4,855 4,251 4,409 12,334 8,205 15,444 10.1 9.4 10.4 10.6 2,987 1,689 43 87 354 25 Q 30 637 242 Q Q 426 372 13 Q 1,569 1,051 25 54 34,486 31,482 1,021 887 25,923 27,418 952 669 2,523 530 Q 209 6,752 3,206 Q Q 6,252 7,685 282 Q 18,959 20,061 715 658 7.3 8.0 27.9 22.9 2,509 4,065 206 354 78 26 48 Q Q Q 567 780 25 47 17 509 771 65 65 14 1,408 2,467 117 239 47 39,221 62,074 8,336 17,570 1,612 32,488 52,649 7,539 16,001 1,356 391 675 Q Q Q 6,575 8,848 547 1,410 295 9,350 13,892 2,410 3,782 418 22,906 38,658 5,378 12,324 900 7.5 6.4 15.5 11.2 28.2 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 144 100 59 27 38 127 559 393 319 165 296 447 648 418 349 235 388 374 1,993 1,410 953 642 1,131 1,171 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 42,187 28,144 25,181 21,954 29,426 23,130 1,341 768 481 554 618 1,113 6,538 4,032 3,727 2,339 3,586 5,175 11,864 8,261 7,851 6,875 8,583 5,954 30,567 20,179 17,625 15,628 21,285 16,696 6.4 7.1 8.3 10.4 8.0 7.9 574 74 59 339 413 78 Q Q Q Q Q Q 74 11 7 59 85 Q 136 21 13 88 109 31 357 42 38 187 219 42 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 13,572 2,672 3,234 10,522 10,595 2,378 Q Q Q Q Q Q 1,373 246 Q 1,100 1,640 Q 3,215 966 1,105 3,789 3,152 902 10,477 1,826 2,185 7,131 7,522 1,570 11.3 20.7 18.3 15.4 12.4 19.9 3,400 2,872 578 4,089 547 67 41 30 101 Q 645 498 84 802 82 648 562 114 752 121 2,040 1,771 350 2,434 338 46,248 42,768 9,966 54,944 7,996 38,940 36,366 8,635 45,536 6,890 549 376 261 931 Q 7,112 6,132 941 9,075 1,117 10,292 9,896 2,617 11,767 1,611 28,295 26,364 6,147 33,171 5,205 6.0 6.6 11.1 5.7 15.4 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 187 Table A46. Percent of Floorspace Lit, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics All Buildings Not Lit when Open Less Total than Lit 51 100 51 Floorspace to 99 All Percent Percent Percent in All Lit Buildings Buildings Lit Lit Not Lit when Open Less than 51 100 51 to 99 Percent Percent Percent Lit Lit Lit RSE Column Factor: 0.6 1.8 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.7 2.2 1.4 1.2 0.8 RSE Row Factor Energy Management Practices (more than one may apply) Energy Management and Control System .......................................... Demand-Side Management Participation .................................. Energy Audit ................................... Building Energy Manager ........................................ 236 Q 14 58 163 14,320 13,263 Q 344 4,429 9,522 14.4 315 521 49 Q Q Q 48 76 Q 90 121 9 177 321 36 11,310 14,779 2,311 10,083 13,066 2,016 Q Q Q 1,018 1,312 Q 3,058 3,996 348 7,232 9,411 1,688 12.9 11.4 25.0 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 188 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A47. Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Heated Buildings Heat Pumps Furnaces Individual Space Heaters District Heat Boilers Packaged Heating Units Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.8 0.8 1.7 0.9 1.0 3.1 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... 4,806 4,178 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 6.7 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 2,247 883 585 255 110 64 24 9 198 121 71 30 13 10 4 2 1,002 387 193 72 20 14 4 1 812 287 210 84 38 21 9 4 18 11 28 15 9 6 5 1 165 145 135 91 43 28 12 4 396 190 162 62 36 16 6 3 28 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.5 10.2 9.6 13.2 12.6 16.6 18.9 33.9 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 295 120 249 61 150 1,214 745 17 257 60 364 445 48 154 36 Q Q 11 22 90 109 Q 35 Q 37 38 Q 23 78 28 102 27 33 548 321 Q 108 26 188 168 13 45 67 40 50 7 72 497 162 12 93 19 125 235 23 62 20 Q Q 2 9 9 24 Q 10 Q Q Q 4 2 91 Q 34 9 36 141 118 Q 43 17 58 39 11 20 77 30 100 14 20 220 189 Q 46 Q 55 76 13 21 Q Q Q Q Q Q 7 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 14.8 26.6 15.7 29.4 21.0 10.8 11.1 47.0 15.0 31.6 18.0 14.7 29.5 19.5 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 158 232 623 760 687 850 761 107 Q Q 34 44 58 112 155 23 74 104 285 358 282 324 244 21 61 65 230 258 259 305 249 36 4 10 12 22 22 9 11 Q 53 70 128 127 107 79 48 12 Q 20 84 137 136 219 228 33 Q Q Q Q Q 13 8 Q 22.6 18.7 13.4 12.2 12.0 11.3 12.5 29.4 771 1,202 1,963 870 694 1,047 1,687 750 41 28 280 99 290 592 557 252 218 376 626 245 23 23 27 20 260 188 111 65 86 121 440 223 12 11 15 Q 12.7 13.3 12.2 17.0 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 4,173 2,627 554 95 28 330 161 449 137 26 8 Q 34 Q 1,692 1,259 265 Q Q 134 56 1,460 886 189 15 3 188 110 93 34 11 93 24 Q Q 624 444 220 Q Q 35 21 870 605 29 2 Q 36 Q 42 23 6 Q Q Q Q 6.7 8.5 16.7 21.2 28.5 23.8 23.6 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 189 Table A47. Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Heated Buildings Heat Pumps Furnaces Individual Space Heaters District Heat Boilers Packaged Heating Units Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.8 0.8 1.7 0.9 1.0 3.1 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........................................... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ................................. Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD .................... 5,500-7,000 HDD ........................... 4,000-5,499 HDD ........................... Fewer than 4,000 HDD .................. More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD .................. Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ........................................... Siding or Shingles ............................ Metal Panels .................................... Concrete Panels .............................. Window Glass .................................. Other ................................................ Predominant Roof Material Built-Up ............................................ Shingles (Not Wood) ........................ Metal Surfacing ................................ Synthetic or Rubber ......................... Slate or Tile ...................................... Concrete .......................................... Other ................................................ Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ........................................ 26 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 75 ............................................ 76 to 100 .......................................... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 4,178 3,439 3,436 715 117 449 443 404 79 16 1,692 1,391 1,433 259 47 1,464 1,081 1,097 180 64 93 80 80 18 5 624 509 600 178 21 870 855 771 216 23 42 36 40 18 Q 6.7 7.0 6.9 10.3 23.1 399 1,134 1,077 1,101 1,095 344 1,018 959 955 903 12 31 127 148 131 162 525 459 294 251 134 352 331 345 302 10 28 27 13 15 99 272 156 61 36 31 125 97 297 319 Q 11 Q Q Q 23.4 14.6 21.9 22.1 19.2 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 2,850 635 533 76 41 42 306 50 71 14 Q Q 1,136 308 204 12 9 23 860 264 285 28 14 14 75 Q 6 7 1 Q 498 76 24 14 8 Q 650 93 73 32 13 9 33 Q Q Q Q Q 6.9 14.6 17.4 21.5 33.3 39.2 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 1,489 1,246 763 368 140 22 150 162 117 103 30 Q Q 14 560 619 296 115 46 Q 54 457 412 381 126 35 9 43 39 10 10 14 13 Q Q 247 177 37 102 29 4 27 392 179 125 105 28 5 35 21 Q Q 6 Q Q Q 7.7 11.3 15.7 14.2 21.1 46.0 26.2 4,193 490 94 29 3,597 464 89 27 392 45 9 Q 1,507 149 27 Q 1,295 132 28 10 74 15 3 1 473 121 24 7 701 135 29 5 39 Q Q Q 7.3 11.3 25.4 33.9 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 2,154 861 540 401 128 64 30 199 96 59 61 17 10 6 912 407 210 120 30 10 3 846 281 158 113 41 17 9 22 14 21 16 10 4 7 211 119 95 111 43 29 15 305 188 169 133 46 21 8 Q Q Q Q Q Q 1 10.3 10.5 12.0 11.2 14.1 15.7 17.4 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 725 1,186 920 603 436 307 52 150 101 54 49 44 333 474 402 226 173 84 257 401 357 201 117 130 9 34 16 9 7 19 96 165 133 103 60 67 104 240 170 158 140 58 Q Q Q Q Q Q 14.5 10.0 9.7 10.8 13.9 13.5 See footnotes at end of table. 190 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A47. Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Heated Buildings Heat Pumps Furnaces Individual Space Heaters District Heat Boilers Packaged Heating Units Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.8 0.8 1.7 0.9 1.0 3.1 Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ..................................... Computer Room .............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ....................................... Activities with Large Amounts of Hot Water .................... Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility ............. with Central Physical Plant ............ No Central Physical Plant .............. Not on Multibuilding Facility ............. Space-Heating Energy Source (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... Propane ........................................... Wood ............................................... Any Other ......................................... Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... Propane ........................................... Wood ............................................... Any Other ......................................... Replacement Energy Source for Primary Heating Electricity Only ................................. Natural Gas Only ............................. Fuel Oil Only .................................... Propane Only ................................... Any Other Single Energy Source ................................ More than One Energy Source ................................ Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ..................................... Furnaces .......................................... Individual Space Heaters ................. District Heat ..................................... Boilers .............................................. Packaged Heating Units .................. Other ................................................ 735 223 236 203 714 222 229 194 79 22 28 22 259 63 75 66 180 70 77 76 18 11 17 6 176 78 58 58 217 66 64 51 18 6 Q Q 10.3 15.3 16.0 14.0 1,667 223 1,444 3,139 1,338 208 1,130 2,840 167 28 139 282 434 32 403 1,258 466 48 418 998 81 80 1 12 214 39 175 410 277 29 248 593 9 Q 9 34 10.1 19.6 11.9 8.2 1,513 2,405 479 94 255 102 39 1,513 2,405 479 94 255 102 39 444 98 17 8 18 Q Q 403 1,218 251 Q 108 Q Q 668 819 151 14 162 81 Q 16 5 3 93 Q Q Q 116 419 199 Q 16 Q Q 407 535 13 2 Q Q Q 19 22 Q Q Q Q Q 9.6 9.3 20.8 21.5 25.4 29.6 69.4 1,107 2,276 394 91 217 68 Q 1,107 2,276 394 91 217 68 Q 362 60 10 7 Q Q Q 205 1,162 209 Q 92 Q Q 384 753 114 14 134 53 Q Q 2 Q 91 Q Q Q 33 393 170 Q Q Q Q 331 507 Q 2 Q Q Q 18 19 Q Q Q Q Q 10.9 10.1 21.0 22.1 28.3 36.9 NF 350 213 161 212 57 93 350 213 161 212 57 93 Q 46 12 Q Q Q 201 56 65 107 33 55 143 86 55 85 29 36 Q 6 6 Q Q Q 17 37 63 29 Q Q 67 37 20 26 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 17.4 20.3 20.5 23.1 27.2 28.3 653 688 618 2,846 25 688 618 2,846 Q 74 68 307 Q 241 267 1,184 Q 352 210 902 Q 4 9 80 Q 47 93 484 Q 96 166 608 Q Q Q 36 25.9 14.2 12.6 7.4 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 449 60 100 8 21 40 Q 60 1,692 428 Q 84 62 Q 100 428 1,464 14 128 158 12 8 Q 14 93 Q 2 Q 21 84 128 Q 624 44 4 40 62 158 2 44 870 Q Q Q 12 Q 4 Q 42 16.0 9.9 10.4 21.5 10.7 15.5 29.7 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 191 Table A47. Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Heated Buildings Heat Pumps Furnaces Individual Space Heaters District Heat Boilers Packaged Heating Units Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.8 0.8 1.7 0.9 1.0 3.1 Heating Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Radiators or Baseboards ................. Ducts for Heating ........................... Heating Only ................................ Heating and Cooling .................... Variable Air-Volume System Used .............................. Fan Coil Units for Heating .............. Heating Only ................................ Heating and Cooling .................... Individual Space Heaters ................. Other ................................................ Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .............................. Heat Pumps ..................................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Central Chillers ................................ Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ................................................ Swamp Coolers ............................... Other ................................................ Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ................. Wall Insulation ................................. Storm or Multiple Glazing ................ Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ................................ Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ...................................... Windows that Open ......................... HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System ............ Economizer Cycle ............................ HVAC Maintenance ......................... Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ............................................ Cooling ............................................. Hot Water ......................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ 473 2,955 577 2,378 210 99 78 21 1,464 181 473 2,955 577 2,378 210 99 78 21 1,464 181 10 431 Q 427 19 20 19 Q 100 16 56 1,619 505 1,114 74 7 Q Q 428 111 96 659 150 509 42 22 19 3 1,464 43 47 50 5 45 13 16 11 5 14 Q 426 281 71 210 50 67 52 15 128 48 23 849 27 822 83 9 8 2 158 36 Q 33 Q 28 5 Q Q Q 12 Q 13.3 7.1 15.9 7.7 14.4 19.2 21.5 31.3 10.4 20.9 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 811 453 1,001 28 141 1,426 172 8 35 427 51 Q 11 57 Q Q 624 66 377 Q 15 474 69 Q 247 98 526 3 34 338 75 Q 11 8 25 24 14 24 Q Q 103 27 263 Q 100 182 19 Q 64 40 88 Q 24 780 38 Q Q Q Q Q 3 16 Q Q 15.3 15.9 10.9 28.5 16.8 9.7 34.0 84.4 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 3,164 2,206 1,642 1,018 1,804 1,932 393 304 195 152 253 183 1,323 946 776 415 727 804 1,057 744 513 272 527 732 65 39 37 22 47 57 487 269 354 144 292 390 692 484 278 316 475 268 33 29 14 13 23 16 7.2 8.6 9.2 10.0 8.6 9.6 250 414 2,503 249 408 2,473 19 76 292 75 112 995 64 121 698 19 26 84 65 99 484 83 123 580 5 13 23 13.5 12.6 7.4 3,400 2,872 578 4,089 547 3,400 2,821 557 3,768 523 335 328 64 392 43 1,437 1,191 199 1,575 215 1,187 881 154 1,289 200 61 59 13 73 6 477 388 127 546 88 721 712 131 795 122 30 27 Q 36 Q 7.2 7.4 13.6 7.0 17.1 NF = No applicable RSE row factor. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 192 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A48. Heating Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics Total Total Floorspace Floorspace of All of All Heated Buildings Buildings Heat Pumps Furnaces Individual Space Heaters District Heat Boilers Packaged Heating Units Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.5 0.9 1.0 2.5 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... 67,876 61,996 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 6.8 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 6,210 6,533 9,424 9,132 7,622 8,730 7,470 6,876 542 899 1,159 1,119 932 1,433 1,012 1,172 2,780 2,816 3,131 2,559 1,352 1,860 1,075 1,337 2,291 2,153 3,305 2,942 2,681 2,793 2,934 3,281 56 73 443 516 624 777 1,521 1,215 511 1,100 2,210 3,351 3,037 3,879 3,477 3,098 1,116 1,415 2,667 2,168 2,509 2,126 1,603 2,396 74 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.8 9.7 9.3 13.0 12.2 15.9 18.6 30.3 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 8,379 723 1,435 1,746 2,870 11,835 12,255 1,165 4,470 820 3,737 8,800 1,025 2,738 609 Q Q 362 696 1,501 1,937 Q 516 Q 368 1,633 Q 248 973 228 539 129 409 4,948 2,490 Q 910 252 1,909 2,953 254 754 1,922 305 260 360 1,068 4,860 3,582 718 1,197 249 1,184 4,878 453 1,344 641 Q Q 403 580 148 1,706 Q 348 Q Q Q 326 393 5,430 Q 343 1,034 912 2,105 4,393 Q 2,076 398 1,294 1,624 321 451 1,725 231 507 395 733 4,219 2,979 Q 702 Q 536 3,001 381 450 Q Q Q Q Q Q 267 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 15.1 27.0 17.6 19.1 22.8 16.2 11.0 51.1 24.5 41.0 21.0 17.1 28.0 28.3 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,637 3,329 7,717 9,371 11,548 12,814 13,276 2,303 Q Q 619 1,013 1,055 1,783 2,962 534 511 1,043 2,659 3,131 3,367 2,982 2,894 323 530 1,286 2,345 3,173 3,862 5,434 4,983 768 91 255 1,125 545 1,363 972 673 202 852 1,644 2,541 3,926 4,027 3,734 3,396 544 Q 536 1,271 1,740 3,226 3,911 4,306 893 Q Q Q Q Q 231 309 Q 22.1 27.0 19.6 14.6 16.0 10.9 14.6 20.5 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 12,858 16,303 21,659 11,176 1,328 1,324 3,632 1,985 3,268 5,579 4,971 3,092 4,907 6,187 7,642 3,643 1,553 1,869 927 875 6,192 6,478 5,404 2,590 2,890 3,033 6,440 3,637 180 205 309 Q 14.4 12.4 11.1 13.4 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 61,971 44,624 12,933 5,324 2,063 3,340 1,522 8,269 4,675 1,579 450 Q 707 Q 16,909 14,343 2,239 Q Q 826 480 22,369 16,295 4,695 1,192 650 1,584 655 5,225 2,721 1,241 5,225 1,702 Q Q 20,664 17,039 7,856 Q Q 1,067 459 16,000 12,908 1,974 279 Q 855 Q 903 678 359 Q Q Q Q 6.8 8.0 10.9 16.9 25.7 19.6 30.8 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 193 Table A48. Heating Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics Total Total Floorspace Floorspace of All of All Heated Buildings Buildings Heat Pumps Furnaces Individual Space Heaters District Heat Boilers Packaged Heating Units Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.5 0.9 1.0 2.5 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........................................... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ................................. Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD .................... 5,500-7,000 HDD ........................... 4,000-5,499 HDD ........................... Fewer than 4,000 HDD .................. More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD .................. Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ........................................... Siding or Shingles ............................ Metal Panels .................................... Concrete Panels .............................. Window Glass .................................. Other ................................................ Predominant Roof Material Built-Up ............................................ Shingles (Not Wood) ........................ Metal Surfacing ................................ Synthetic or Rubber ......................... Slate or Tile ...................................... Concrete .......................................... Other ................................................ Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ........................................ 26 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 75 ............................................ 76 to 100 .......................................... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 61,996 56,073 57,708 22,736 3,121 8,269 8,207 7,995 2,871 620 16,909 15,209 15,734 4,459 826 22,380 19,667 20,270 7,233 1,804 5,225 4,708 5,081 2,198 412 20,664 19,086 20,447 11,342 1,131 16,000 15,870 15,348 6,349 1,059 903 845 894 513 Q 6.8 7.2 7.0 11.1 25.4 5,623 18,024 16,162 15,251 12,816 5,218 17,196 14,966 13,537 11,079 437 1,282 2,459 2,501 1,590 1,920 5,075 4,763 3,217 1,935 1,736 6,624 5,781 4,508 3,730 513 1,900 1,692 560 560 2,118 7,706 5,136 3,341 2,363 609 3,756 2,987 4,836 3,812 Q 277 Q Q Q 22.6 13.8 16.5 18.9 18.7 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 45,520 3,303 5,682 4,663 1,839 988 5,863 413 1,182 575 202 Q 11,739 1,460 2,246 1,063 183 218 14,669 1,485 3,203 1,942 788 292 3,669 Q 331 699 Q Q 16,840 725 740 1,379 695 287 11,586 546 1,149 2,009 395 Q 598 Q Q Q Q Q 7.7 14.5 19.1 25.3 27.7 37.7 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 28,271 9,764 7,121 11,541 1,863 1,741 1,695 3,873 1,068 1,231 1,385 Q Q 437 6,443 4,091 2,786 2,476 539 Q 414 9,232 3,083 3,518 4,653 513 845 535 2,346 459 306 1,470 400 Q Q 10,393 2,570 751 5,013 633 688 616 8,536 1,586 1,476 3,518 284 160 439 441 Q Q 291 Q Q Q 9.9 13.6 15.8 14.5 25.0 44.3 27.6 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 45,868 11,493 3,185 1,450 5,874 2,022 293 80 13,831 2,576 364 Q 16,789 3,710 1,340 540 3,044 1,349 473 Q 13,633 4,994 1,498 539 11,684 3,346 768 201 597 Q Q Q 7.4 14.7 19.2 29.7 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 13,604 7,075 7,528 10,440 7,652 7,323 8,374 1,219 812 938 1,408 1,161 1,327 1,404 4,981 2,917 2,488 2,590 2,133 800 1,001 5,455 2,569 2,655 3,314 2,638 2,610 3,138 396 314 487 500 785 674 2,070 2,755 1,516 1,831 3,784 2,882 3,911 3,984 1,694 1,372 1,992 3,380 2,406 2,689 2,466 Q Q Q Q Q Q 186 16.7 11.6 13.5 11.4 17.1 19.9 17.7 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 6,000 13,745 13,251 11,529 8,141 9,329 353 1,904 1,852 1,683 900 1,578 2,241 3,794 4,053 3,019 2,682 1,121 2,076 4,460 5,593 4,165 2,717 3,368 332 792 1,051 695 504 1,850 1,829 4,262 4,104 3,636 2,639 4,194 784 3,548 3,166 3,832 2,932 1,737 Q Q Q Q Q Q 18.5 10.2 11.1 14.4 18.3 17.1 See footnotes at end of table. 194 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A48. Heating Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics Total Total Floorspace Floorspace of All of All Heated Buildings Buildings Heat Pumps Furnaces Individual Space Heaters District Heat Boilers Packaged Heating Units Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.5 0.9 1.0 2.5 Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ..................................... Computer Room .............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ....................................... Activities with Large Amounts of Hot Water .................... Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility ............. with Central Physical Plant ............ No Central Physical Plant .............. Not on Multibuilding Facility ............. Space-Heating Energy Source (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... Propane ........................................... Wood ............................................... Any Other ......................................... Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... Propane ........................................... Wood ............................................... Any Other ......................................... Replacement Energy Source for Primary Heating Electricity Only ................................. Natural Gas Only ............................. Fuel Oil Only .................................... Propane Only ................................... Any Other Single Energy Source ................................ More than One Energy Source ................................ Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ..................................... Furnaces .......................................... Individual Space Heaters ................. District Heat ..................................... Boilers .............................................. Packaged Heating Units .................. Other ................................................ 22,166 14,199 8,042 6,862 21,833 14,170 7,995 6,829 2,871 2,290 1,054 1,470 4,459 2,291 1,261 1,300 7,233 5,158 2,902 2,580 2,198 2,070 1,592 783 10,439 6,599 3,915 3,490 6,349 4,384 1,773 2,137 513 418 Q Q 10.3 12.7 13.7 14.8 31,564 8,395 23,170 36,312 28,365 8,088 20,277 33,631 3,949 744 3,205 4,320 5,908 1,166 4,743 11,001 10,324 2,547 7,777 12,056 4,403 4,150 253 822 9,877 2,306 7,571 10,787 7,405 1,219 6,187 8,594 364 Q 362 538 11.5 21.6 13.2 7.2 25,636 38,524 7,334 5,242 1,568 504 661 25,636 38,524 7,334 5,242 1,568 504 661 8,243 3,651 602 443 242 Q Q 6,018 13,797 1,746 Q 534 Q Q 12,980 13,980 2,099 1,139 984 380 Q 970 553 413 5,225 Q Q Q 6,583 15,967 5,260 Q 219 Q Q 8,375 11,524 627 279 Q Q Q 491 549 Q Q Q Q Q 11.2 8.9 16.6 17.1 24.8 23.8 70.4 15,502 35,161 4,415 5,014 1,101 257 546 15,502 35,161 4,415 5,014 1,101 257 546 4,723 2,541 275 376 Q Q Q 2,201 12,649 1,292 Q 406 Q Q 6,528 12,523 1,266 1,074 679 188 Q Q Q Q 4,996 Q Q Q 2,371 14,727 3,131 Q Q Q Q 4,591 10,609 Q 271 Q Q Q 363 474 Q Q Q Q Q 12.6 9.2 19.5 18.1 27.6 29.8 80.5 2,559 2,260 5,451 2,174 477 895 2,559 2,260 5,451 2,174 477 895 Q 542 589 Q Q Q 1,250 539 922 921 136 338 934 761 1,995 736 127 344 Q Q 546 Q Q Q 398 754 3,844 439 Q Q 605 250 799 598 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 18.0 25.3 23.0 20.2 43.0 29.5 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 330 11,195 10,211 40,260 Q 1,611 1,908 4,750 Q 4,139 2,671 10,099 Q 5,663 3,667 13,049 Q 385 815 4,024 Q 1,366 3,551 15,747 Q 2,623 3,519 9,857 Q Q Q 625 33.6 18.8 13.8 7.7 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 8,269 1,493 2,717 443 2,267 1,908 Q 1,493 16,909 6,657 Q 1,831 2,642 Q 2,717 6,657 22,380 1,139 5,131 5,318 354 443 Q 1,139 5,225 Q 279 Q 2,267 1,831 5,131 Q 20,664 2,870 284 1,908 2,642 5,318 279 2,870 16,000 Q Q Q 354 Q 284 Q 903 15.2 11.4 10.4 17.1 11.9 13.7 25.4 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 195 Table A48. Heating Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics Total Total Floorspace Floorspace of All of All Heated Buildings Buildings Heat Pumps Furnaces Individual Space Heaters District Heat Boilers Packaged Heating Units Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.5 0.9 1.0 2.5 Heating Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Radiators or Baseboards ................. Ducts for Heating ........................... Heating Only ................................ Heating and Cooling .................... Variable Air-Volume System Used .............................. Fan Coil Units for Heating .............. Heating Only ................................ Heating and Cooling .................... Individual Space Heaters ................. Other ................................................ Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .............................. Heat Pumps ..................................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Central Chillers ................................ Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ................................................ Swamp Coolers ............................... Other ................................................ Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ................. Wall Insulation ................................. Storm or Multiple Glazing ................ Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ................................ Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ...................................... Windows that Open ......................... HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System ............ Economizer Cycle ............................ HVAC Maintenance ......................... Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ............................................ Cooling ............................................. Hot Water ......................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ 13,263 45,422 5,950 39,472 11,528 5,474 3,569 1,906 22,380 3,310 13,263 45,422 5,950 39,472 11,528 5,474 3,569 1,906 22,380 3,310 997 7,892 Q 7,774 1,551 1,364 1,179 Q 2,717 791 1,038 16,427 3,651 12,776 2,489 395 Q Q 6,657 1,431 3,437 13,853 1,958 11,895 3,634 1,398 959 439 22,380 1,185 2,695 3,141 207 2,935 1,721 1,444 693 751 1,139 245 10,602 13,713 2,202 11,511 5,627 3,770 2,606 1,164 5,131 1,716 1,480 15,774 Q 14,932 3,650 1,041 739 302 5,318 954 Q 737 Q 661 253 Q Q Q 354 Q 13.4 7.6 21.0 7.6 17.7 20.2 24.8 24.0 10.4 22.9 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 8,968 8,383 17,806 2,063 12,606 27,411 2,036 268 750 7,638 2,110 Q 1,395 2,562 374 Q 5,712 1,534 5,214 Q 775 7,004 507 Q 3,549 2,679 8,131 650 3,476 9,886 815 Q 661 414 1,497 1,702 1,814 1,745 Q Q 2,512 2,467 8,503 Q 8,931 7,936 516 Q 1,258 1,944 3,614 Q 1,929 13,810 574 Q Q Q Q Q 387 385 Q Q 13.0 14.9 14.5 25.7 14.7 8.9 29.5 67.3 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 48,409 32,180 29,441 24,816 33,454 27,381 7,215 5,335 4,100 4,330 5,078 3,310 13,130 9,371 8,620 5,466 8,168 7,507 17,426 11,509 9,846 8,405 11,182 9,247 3,953 2,226 2,303 2,382 2,931 2,724 17,060 10,460 11,905 9,406 12,568 11,218 12,791 8,601 6,681 7,985 9,793 5,341 827 547 470 454 675 397 7.2 8.1 9.4 12.1 8.4 9.9 13,970 18,313 49,173 13,969 18,231 48,460 1,594 2,637 6,442 2,503 3,395 11,789 5,083 7,069 15,970 2,115 2,285 4,984 6,575 8,524 18,475 3,651 5,409 12,488 331 537 825 16.2 12.0 7.4 46,248 42,768 9,966 54,944 7,996 46,248 42,090 9,854 51,638 7,839 5,587 5,605 1,275 6,607 754 14,148 12,673 1,850 15,547 2,412 16,889 15,017 2,635 18,578 3,427 2,830 2,663 586 3,146 474 14,367 13,369 4,512 16,319 2,301 12,862 12,835 2,623 14,078 2,221 564 542 Q 647 Q 7.2 7.7 11.9 6.6 19.8 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 196 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A49. Cooling Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics ResidentialAll Type All Cooled Central Air Buildings Buildings Conditioners Heat Pumps Individual Air Conditioners District Chilled Water Packaged AirCentral Conditioning Swamp Chillers Coolers Units Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.8 1.0 0.6 2.0 3.9 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... 4,806 3,502 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 9.2 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 1,792 758 519 236 103 59 24 9 470 173 107 44 12 7 3 1 202 120 71 31 15 11 3 2 536 198 155 73 34 16 7 5 Q Q 8 9 Q 2 2 1 Q 20 21 29 24 20 9 5 625 347 264 119 58 30 12 4 110 33 21 8 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 12.4 12.4 14.3 17.4 16.2 17.8 20.9 41.0 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 251 119 244 59 120 942 731 12 208 47 286 324 44 114 42 Q 36 11 16 227 223 Q 39 Q 79 74 Q 30 34 Q Q 13 22 93 108 Q 34 Q 38 39 Q 22 72 26 46 13 72 338 126 8 76 19 68 116 11 32 9 Q Q Q Q Q 8 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 29 Q Q 6 7 13 43 Q 17 5 6 3 3 4 106 50 160 27 28 360 331 1 80 17 121 120 25 33 19 Q 24 Q Q 60 12 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 18.4 32.6 20.2 33.2 26.6 13.1 13.7 64.6 19.0 41.2 24.6 19.6 37.0 27.3 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 119 169 491 643 563 741 682 93 34 64 105 156 135 162 144 17 Q 13 29 43 62 116 157 25 65 78 203 217 172 166 110 12 Q Q Q 7 5 5 Q Q Q 5 12 27 36 27 23 5 41 41 186 256 241 348 306 40 Q Q 28 42 40 24 34 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 29.3 25.6 17.4 16.2 15.3 14.6 15.2 39.2 771 1,202 1,963 870 521 784 1,569 627 97 275 363 82 43 29 285 96 269 229 433 92 2 7 10 9 28 31 58 25 208 331 610 310 Q Q 39 129 Q Q Q Q 15.5 17.9 14.4 19.1 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 3,502 2,263 378 82 28 230 71 816 609 81 11 Q 70 Q 454 140 30 8 Q 33 Q 1,023 641 195 26 2 91 42 28 15 2 24 28 Q Q 142 109 35 14 Q 4 Q 1,459 1,051 116 24 3 63 13 179 134 Q Q Q Q Q 8 Q Q Q Q Q Q 9.1 11.3 17.8 26.0 37.3 28.0 36.7 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 197 Table A49. Cooling Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics ResidentialAll Type All Cooled Central Air Buildings Buildings Conditioners Heat Pumps Individual Air Conditioners District Chilled Water Packaged AirCentral Conditioning Swamp Chillers Coolers Units Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.8 1.0 0.6 2.0 3.9 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........................................... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ................................. Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD .................... 5,500-7,000 HDD ........................... 4,000-5,499 HDD ........................... Fewer than 4,000 HDD .................. More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD .................. Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ........................................... Siding or Shingles ............................ Metal Panels .................................... Concrete Panels .............................. Window Glass .................................. Other ................................................ Predominant Roof Material Built-Up ............................................ Shingles (Not Wood) ........................ Metal Surfacing ................................ Synthetic or Rubber ......................... Slate or Tile ...................................... Concrete .......................................... Other ................................................ Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ........................................ 26 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 75 ............................................ 76 to 100 .......................................... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 3,439 3,502 3,016 663 92 811 816 716 118 24 453 454 411 80 14 1,001 1,023 855 190 31 28 28 22 8 Q 141 142 136 54 4 1,426 1,459 1,304 345 40 172 179 137 38 Q 8 8 8 Q Q 9.2 9.2 9.4 14.1 30.8 399 1,134 1,077 1,101 229 766 753 838 54 224 198 139 12 36 129 149 93 279 257 166 Q 5 4 10 11 40 29 38 90 312 253 398 Q 33 Q 71 Q Q Q Q 29.9 18.8 27.1 25.7 1,095 915 203 128 228 9 25 405 60 Q 20.9 3,115 764 745 87 46 47 2,491 473 394 71 38 35 552 136 107 8 Q Q 311 50 71 13 Q Q 683 185 132 8 9 Q 25 Q Q 2 Q Q 115 5 5 10 6 2 1,109 145 126 43 22 14 124 Q 25 4 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 9.5 18.8 21.2 26.1 34.8 48.2 1,642 1,381 1,037 386 155 37 167 1,319 1,025 576 318 113 27 124 253 309 154 53 22 Q 20 165 117 103 32 Q Q 15 333 341 180 92 33 5 38 11 Q Q 6 Q Q Q 66 18 13 30 7 Q 5 642 344 185 174 46 12 57 92 41 32 9 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.2 13.7 17.8 17.0 28.2 66.6 34.0 4,193 490 94 29 2,987 410 80 25 717 84 12 Q 397 45 9 Q 885 110 22 Q 21 6 Q Q 96 32 8 6 1,191 214 46 8 154 20 Q Q Q Q Q Q 9.7 14.9 31.6 40.6 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 1,623 781 502 384 118 63 31 380 208 130 75 14 8 2 202 92 61 65 16 11 6 574 194 121 85 32 12 5 Q Q 10 5 3 2 3 24 9 15 33 24 19 18 512 351 263 205 77 34 16 83 52 22 12 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 13.8 13.5 15.9 14.7 18.7 18.8 19.6 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 513 1,007 786 528 405 262 139 268 189 104 73 43 50 151 103 57 49 44 156 286 241 151 82 108 Q 8 4 4 Q 5 13 42 20 30 15 21 188 381 313 259 216 101 Q 55 43 15 37 8 Q Q Q Q Q Q 19.8 13.0 13.1 14.2 16.7 17.5 See footnotes at end of table. 198 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A49. Cooling Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics ResidentialAll Type Cooled All Central Air Buildings Buildings Conditioners Heat Pumps Individual Air Conditioners District Chilled Water Packaged AirCentral Conditioning Swamp Chillers Coolers Units Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.8 1.0 0.6 2.0 3.9 Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ..................................... Computer Room .............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ....................................... Activities with Large Amounts of Hot Water .................... Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility ............. with Central Physical Plant ............ No Central Physical Plant .............. Not on Multibuilding Facility ............. Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ..................................... Furnaces .......................................... Individual Space Heaters ................. District Heat ..................................... Boilers .............................................. Packaged Heating Units .................. Other ................................................ Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .............................. Heat Pumps ..................................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Central Chillers ................................ Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ................................................ Swamp Coolers ............................... Other ................................................ 735 223 236 203 661 223 215 164 118 43 37 28 80 25 28 20 188 70 54 57 8 5 3 2 52 37 25 16 345 127 112 84 38 5 15 15 Q Q Q Q 14.1 17.9 19.3 18.8 1,667 223 1,444 3,139 1,090 174 916 2,412 215 32 184 601 164 29 135 290 300 47 253 723 27 27 Q Q 71 25 46 71 434 51 383 1,025 61 Q 56 117 Q Q Q Q 12.6 23.2 13.8 9.5 3,404 106 28 3,404 106 28 783 48 Q 449 8 Q 1,015 16 2 11 Q 28 137 8 Q 1,419 52 3 178 Q Q 7 Q Q 9.9 28.6 37.3 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 Q 1,176 658 1,668 Q 259 168 389 Q 111 79 263 Q 568 191 265 Q Q 6 20 Q 20 46 76 Q 346 317 796 Q 57 31 91 Q Q Q Q 14.1 12.4 13.9 11.9 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 443 1,391 1,081 80 509 855 36 35 624 247 11 103 64 Q 427 66 98 8 27 40 Q 51 377 526 25 263 88 Q Q Q 3 24 Q Q Q 11 15 34 14 100 24 3 57 474 338 24 182 780 16 Q 69 75 Q 19 38 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 19.6 13.3 12.7 26.3 12.4 17.2 50.7 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 816 30 142 Q 7 61 Q Q 30 454 48 Q 9 54 Q Q 142 48 1,023 2 35 158 17 Q Q Q 2 28 Q 3 Q Q 7 9 35 Q 142 40 4 Q 61 54 158 3 40 1,459 38 Q Q Q 17 Q 4 38 179 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 8 17.8 20.8 14.1 37.3 20.3 14.3 35.3 49.5 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 199 Table A49. Cooling Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics ResidentialAll Type Cooled All Central Air Buildings Buildings Conditioners Heat Pumps Individual Air Conditioners District Chilled Water Packaged AirCentral Conditioning Swamp Chillers Coolers Units Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.8 1.0 0.6 2.0 3.9 Cooling Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Ducts for Cooling ............................. Cooling Only .................................. Heating and Cooling ...................... Variable Air-Volume System Used ................................ Fan Coil Units for Cooling ................ Cooling Only .................................. Heating and Cooling ...................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................... Other ................................................ Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ................. Wall Insulation ................................. Storm or Multiple Glazing ................ Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ................................ Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ...................................... Windows that Open ......................... HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System ............ Economizer Cycle ............................ HVAC Maintenance ......................... Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ............................................ Cooling ............................................. Hot Water ......................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ 2,733 355 2,378 221 56 35 21 1,023 111 2,733 355 2,378 221 56 35 21 1,023 111 798 102 696 43 Q Q Q 142 32 444 11 433 20 2 Q Q 48 27 324 88 236 26 16 12 4 1,023 22 25 5 21 12 5 Q 3 2 Q 124 31 93 38 36 19 16 35 9 1,450 189 1,261 139 14 10 4 158 37 144 47 98 5 15 14 Q 17 50 8 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 9.6 18.8 10.0 18.0 28.1 40.5 33.3 14.1 29.8 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 2,727 1,908 1,405 977 1,705 1,515 664 487 390 237 431 377 399 310 197 150 254 186 719 455 393 164 424 584 23 11 8 12 17 15 118 77 72 60 94 73 1,165 805 575 491 751 499 128 80 38 62 91 70 Q Q Q Q Q Q 9.5 11.4 12.3 12.9 11.6 12.4 250 414 2,503 235 414 2,176 47 55 490 20 76 294 35 74 559 12 11 28 39 62 127 140 226 992 5 20 104 Q Q Q 17.2 16.6 10.2 3,400 2,872 578 4,089 547 2,804 2,872 445 3,168 446 673 687 86 757 98 337 334 63 397 43 787 825 123 899 138 20 20 4 23 Q 103 106 28 118 16 1,178 1,214 187 1,331 195 149 152 23 167 27 Q Q Q 8 Q 9.8 9.7 17.7 9.5 19.9 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 200 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A50. Cooling Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Total Total FloorFloorspace Residentialspace of All Type of All Cooled Central Air Buildings Buildings Conditioners Building Characteristics Heat Pumps Individual Air Conditioners District Chilled Water Packaged AirCentral Conditioning Swamp Chillers Coolers Units Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.6 1.0 0.6 1.9 3.7 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... 67,876 57,041 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 9.0 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 4,994 5,601 8,364 8,435 7,185 8,072 7,217 7,174 1,313 1,268 1,716 1,528 810 913 851 622 549 902 1,152 1,181 1,032 1,511 889 1,191 1,516 1,470 2,370 2,604 2,390 2,167 2,082 3,381 Q Q 115 311 Q 252 737 515 Q 157 357 1,088 1,651 2,752 3,072 3,869 1,750 2,550 4,319 4,245 4,040 4,172 3,678 3,075 316 250 331 304 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 12.6 12.1 13.9 17.4 15.5 17.4 21.0 33.3 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 7,389 725 1,449 1,747 2,493 10,874 12,198 922 4,077 741 3,121 7,885 1,040 2,382 900 Q 160 163 325 1,679 1,999 Q 465 Q 804 1,412 Q 487 618 Q Q 407 668 1,572 1,924 Q 494 Q 405 1,686 Q 274 3,182 148 327 652 1,310 3,109 1,855 Q Q 283 1,021 2,844 264 877 253 Q Q 227 Q Q 659 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 2,243 Q Q 1,141 629 1,188 4,345 Q Q 306 Q 421 216 500 3,067 386 994 938 906 5,676 6,506 256 1,533 352 1,460 3,888 619 1,249 185 Q 66 Q Q 605 402 Q Q Q Q 410 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 17.6 32.8 21.1 22.1 29.6 18.1 14.8 71.1 35.4 49.8 26.4 21.4 31.4 38.4 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,307 2,759 6,586 8,260 10,601 12,286 12,985 2,258 232 702 1,441 1,770 1,528 1,800 1,357 190 Q 193 672 963 1,170 1,807 2,921 562 702 1,675 3,223 3,183 3,603 2,586 2,900 108 Q Q Q 241 376 632 243 164 Q 242 847 1,551 3,032 3,306 3,228 571 643 1,272 2,905 3,537 5,411 6,494 6,338 1,230 Q Q 186 285 510 386 549 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 29.5 33.4 21.6 17.8 16.8 15.2 20.3 26.0 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 11,158 14,383 21,205 10,296 1,508 2,968 3,455 1,091 1,286 1,416 3,745 1,959 5,806 4,723 5,683 1,767 302 684 659 421 2,519 3,163 4,854 2,456 5,879 6,564 10,058 5,329 Q Q 335 1,546 Q Q Q Q 18.7 16.3 15.0 15.7 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 57,041 41,423 12,081 4,786 2,066 2,837 1,117 9,021 7,449 1,487 661 Q 713 Q 8,406 4,872 1,643 456 Q 710 Q 17,979 13,165 4,010 1,557 225 979 602 2,066 1,109 588 1,737 2,066 Q Q 12,991 9,868 5,753 1,821 Q 453 Q 27,830 22,082 6,004 1,805 628 1,372 237 2,085 1,404 326 Q Q Q Q 268 211 Q Q Q Q Q 9.0 10.0 15.2 22.4 31.8 26.0 49.5 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 201 Table A50. Cooling Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Total Total FloorFloorspace Residentialspace of All Type of All Cooled Central Air Buildings Buildings Conditioners Building Characteristics Heat Pumps Individual Air Conditioners District Chilled Water Packaged AirCentral Conditioning Swamp Chillers Coolers Units Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.6 1.0 0.6 1.9 3.7 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........................................... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ................................. Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Fewer than 2,000 CDD and -More than 7,000 HDD .................... 5,500-7,000 HDD ........................... 4,000-5,499 HDD ........................... Fewer than 4,000 HDD .................. More than 2,000 CDD and -Fewer than 4,000 HDD .................. Predominant Exterior Wall Material Masonry ........................................... Siding or Shingles ............................ Metal Panels .................................... Concrete Panels .............................. Window Glass .................................. Other ................................................ Predominant Roof Material Built-Up ............................................ Shingles (Not Wood) ........................ Metal Surfacing ................................ Synthetic or Rubber ......................... Slate or Tile ...................................... Concrete .......................................... Other ................................................ Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ........................................ 26 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 75 ............................................ 76 to 100 .......................................... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 56,073 57,041 53,839 22,003 2,870 8,968 9,021 8,471 2,553 601 8,383 8,406 8,100 2,991 689 17,806 17,979 16,976 7,650 1,268 2,063 2,066 1,978 920 Q 12,606 12,991 12,779 8,725 513 27,411 27,830 26,570 10,900 1,494 2,036 2,085 1,865 755 Q 268 268 268 Q Q 9.1 9.1 9.3 14.0 30.4 5,623 18,024 16,162 15,251 4,267 14,977 13,549 12,870 804 2,889 2,037 1,492 487 1,393 2,425 2,565 1,572 5,670 5,140 2,446 Q 574 526 437 843 3,647 2,771 3,180 1,779 7,396 6,302 6,966 Q 477 Q 532 Q Q Q Q 29.2 18.3 20.0 22.1 12,816 11,379 1,798 1,536 3,151 467 2,550 5,386 753 Q 23.0 48,585 3,873 7,392 4,961 2,028 1,037 42,084 2,625 4,854 4,563 1,978 938 6,291 594 1,384 453 Q Q 6,068 433 1,167 550 145 Q 14,229 981 1,430 956 305 Q 1,630 Q Q 221 Q Q 9,400 170 234 1,579 1,259 350 21,081 1,095 1,862 2,328 897 568 1,323 Q 289 350 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.6 18.3 21.4 26.4 31.5 47.7 30,257 10,570 9,019 11,702 1,998 2,544 1,786 26,404 8,606 6,077 10,893 1,608 1,909 1,544 3,631 2,080 1,623 1,045 193 Q 190 3,998 1,087 1,157 1,397 Q 78 451 8,114 2,990 1,594 3,175 743 830 533 969 Q Q 626 Q Q Q 6,838 951 441 3,687 118 676 280 14,295 3,529 2,331 5,666 657 692 660 1,342 252 252 185 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 13.2 16.8 18.5 16.6 30.4 47.0 32.4 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 41,691 10,873 3,031 1,447 6,884 1,669 409 Q 5,929 2,132 291 53 12,874 4,006 925 Q 1,317 503 Q Q 7,610 3,184 1,311 886 20,356 5,193 1,639 643 1,737 255 Q Q Q Q Q Q 10.3 16.6 23.3 35.9 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 10,719 6,249 6,954 9,990 7,313 7,195 8,621 2,114 1,399 1,546 1,596 861 594 910 1,272 818 898 1,454 1,140 1,405 1,420 4,095 2,143 2,301 2,807 2,678 1,950 2,004 Q Q 193 191 327 192 868 Q 182 355 1,320 1,730 2,688 5,397 3,619 2,612 3,389 5,525 4,500 3,770 4,414 368 239 296 374 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 19.1 14.5 17.5 15.0 20.9 21.6 18.3 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 4,632 12,558 12,218 11,158 7,742 8,733 912 2,481 2,250 1,329 1,002 1,046 374 1,916 1,757 1,810 945 1,604 1,767 3,649 3,303 2,838 2,054 4,368 Q 312 357 178 278 724 374 2,013 2,143 3,212 1,358 3,891 2,088 5,989 5,784 5,879 4,224 3,866 Q 494 582 287 297 309 Q Q Q Q Q Q 24.5 13.9 15.1 16.8 20.1 21.9 See footnotes at end of table. 202 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A50. Cooling Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Total Total FloorFloorspace Residentialspace of All Type of All Cooled Central Air Buildings Buildings Conditioners Building Characteristics Heat Pumps Individual Air Conditioners District Chilled Water Packaged AirCentral Conditioning Swamp Chillers Coolers Units Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.6 1.0 0.6 1.9 3.7 Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ..................................... Computer Room .............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ....................................... Activities with Large Amounts of Hot Water .................... Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility ............. with Central Physical Plant ............ No Central Physical Plant .............. Not on Multibuilding Facility ............. Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ..................................... Furnaces .......................................... Individual Space Heaters ................. District Heat ..................................... Boilers .............................................. Packaged Heating Units .................. Other ................................................ Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .............................. Heat Pumps ..................................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Central Chillers ................................ Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ................................................ Swamp Coolers ............................... Other ................................................ 22,166 14,199 8,042 6,862 21,096 14,199 7,744 6,546 2,553 1,762 975 911 2,991 2,355 1,101 1,392 6,750 4,361 2,339 2,338 920 839 500 416 7,823 5,942 3,247 2,261 10,896 8,419 4,013 3,496 755 482 343 213 Q Q Q Q 12.1 15.4 17.2 18.7 31,564 8,395 23,170 36,312 26,158 7,402 18,756 30,883 3,469 972 2,497 5,551 3,926 807 3,119 4,480 8,488 2,487 6,001 9,492 1,784 1,710 Q Q 7,722 2,844 4,879 5,268 11,757 2,475 9,282 16,073 1,057 Q 781 1,028 Q Q Q Q 13.3 20.4 15.6 8.9 54,628 1,906 2,066 54,628 1,906 2,066 8,761 465 Q 8,388 175 Q 17,734 420 225 842 Q 2,066 12,500 783 Q 26,928 1,047 628 2,063 Q Q 255 Q Q 9.6 30.7 31.8 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 Q 21,715 13,872 21,454 Q 4,166 1,961 2,894 Q 3,024 1,832 3,550 Q 10,452 3,767 3,761 Q Q 702 988 Q 1,752 4,712 6,527 Q 9,007 7,824 10,999 Q 659 652 774 Q Q Q Q 16.0 14.1 13.6 14.4 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 8,207 15,209 19,667 4,708 19,086 15,870 845 750 5,712 3,549 661 2,512 1,258 Q 7,638 1,534 2,679 414 2,467 1,944 Q 2,110 5,214 8,131 1,497 8,503 3,614 Q Q Q 650 1,702 Q Q Q 1,395 775 3,476 1,814 8,931 1,929 387 2,562 7,004 9,886 1,745 7,936 13,810 385 374 507 815 Q 516 574 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 18.3 13.6 12.6 22.8 14.5 15.0 39.3 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 9,021 748 2,756 Q 1,134 1,979 Q Q 748 8,406 2,078 Q 1,308 2,579 381 Q 2,756 2,078 17,979 225 3,468 5,856 333 Q Q Q 225 2,066 Q 628 Q Q 1,134 1,308 3,468 Q 12,991 4,608 352 Q 1,979 2,579 5,856 628 4,608 27,830 746 Q Q 381 333 Q 352 746 2,085 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 268 15.4 17.8 18.1 31.8 20.3 12.3 32.3 40.7 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 203 Table A50. Cooling Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Total Total FloorFloorspace Residentialspace of All Type of All Cooled Central Air Buildings Buildings Conditioners Building Characteristics Heat Pumps Individual Air Conditioners District Chilled Water Packaged AirCentral Conditioning Swamp Chillers Coolers Units Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.6 1.0 0.6 1.9 3.7 Cooling Distribution Equipment (more than one may apply) Ducts for Cooling ............................. Cooling Only .................................. Heating and Cooling ...................... Variable Air-Volume System Used ................................ Fan Coil Units for Cooling ................ Cooling Only .................................. Heating and Cooling ...................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................... Other ................................................ Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ................. Wall Insulation ................................. Storm or Multiple Glazing ................ Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ................................ Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ...................................... Windows that Open ......................... HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System ............ Economizer Cycle ............................ HVAC Maintenance ......................... Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ............................................ Cooling ............................................. Hot Water ......................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ 47,755 8,283 39,472 12,430 3,875 1,969 1,906 17,979 2,919 47,755 8,283 39,472 12,430 3,875 1,969 1,906 17,979 2,919 8,883 1,363 7,520 1,581 449 Q Q 2,756 531 8,263 378 7,885 1,606 356 Q Q 2,078 911 10,414 2,364 8,050 2,799 919 448 471 17,979 725 1,785 389 1,396 904 767 Q 459 225 Q 11,840 2,855 8,985 6,640 2,968 1,529 1,439 3,468 1,237 27,614 5,213 22,401 6,568 1,510 810 700 5,856 1,688 1,862 349 1,513 283 251 208 Q 333 536 267 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 9.7 17.7 10.4 20.7 25.8 36.5 25.5 18.1 30.1 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 45,186 30,278 27,331 24,350 32,198 23,966 7,175 5,004 4,497 3,245 5,114 4,487 7,372 5,354 4,133 4,225 5,234 3,471 13,734 7,885 8,563 5,521 9,117 10,572 1,616 994 808 1,103 1,239 1,042 11,124 7,938 7,663 8,081 9,189 4,967 21,969 14,852 13,555 12,481 16,949 10,421 1,747 1,133 650 1,087 1,256 644 231 Q Q Q Q Q 9.8 11.8 12.8 14.7 11.5 11.7 13,970 18,313 49,173 13,727 18,313 45,836 1,623 1,832 6,637 1,606 2,627 6,524 3,768 4,869 13,562 916 1,110 2,058 6,914 8,255 12,480 6,603 9,808 22,979 283 695 1,646 Q Q 168 19.9 15.9 9.7 46,248 42,768 9,966 54,944 7,996 41,926 42,768 8,831 47,342 7,291 7,011 7,147 1,126 7,900 1,102 5,753 5,822 1,330 6,732 773 11,708 12,112 2,306 13,493 2,177 1,058 1,061 326 1,149 Q 7,870 8,233 2,525 8,883 1,575 20,867 21,335 4,190 23,440 3,983 1,614 1,639 253 1,758 Q Q Q Q 237 Q 8.9 8.8 15.7 8.7 22.5 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 204 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A51. Refrigeration Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 Number of Buildings (thousand) Refrigeration Equipment Used (more than one may apply) Cases and Cabinets Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings Walk-in Any Open Closed Type Unspecified RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.9 0.9 1.9 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... 4,806 974 591 786 99 774 72 6.3 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 500 155 139 79 49 30 16 7 300 97 75 46 32 22 14 6 416 121 106 59 40 24 13 6 51 Q 15 Q 5 5 2 1 410 121 103 58 39 24 13 6 30 18 15 6 Q Q Q Q 10.2 12.2 11.4 14.0 12.3 12.5 15.3 34.9 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 89 127 246 10 42 223 40 Q 84 Q 28 47 7 22 43 91 209 5 22 124 16 Q 33 Q Q 30 5 9 66 127 213 9 35 176 32 Q 56 Q 17 25 6 20 3 38 Q Q Q 29 2 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 64 126 210 9 35 173 32 Q 55 Q 17 25 6 20 10 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 12.8 16.9 10.6 29.1 21.5 11.5 17.2 46.4 16.4 36.6 24.3 24.2 40.6 33.5 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 40 55 127 180 173 206 168 24 26 30 75 91 105 143 113 9 35 47 108 142 139 161 136 19 Q Q Q 13 22 30 22 1 35 47 107 140 133 158 135 19 Q Q Q 17 14 15 11 Q 22.2 19.3 15.0 11.8 13.1 12.0 11.9 31.2 771 1,202 1,963 870 176 256 358 183 109 164 207 111 150 212 276 148 16 21 41 21 149 211 268 146 12 12 38 9 11.9 12.9 11.7 16.7 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 970 683 112 20 9 93 16 591 417 64 13 6 59 6 783 551 91 15 7 73 15 99 69 7 Q Q Q Q 771 544 90 15 6 72 15 72 53 7 Q Q Q Q 6.3 7.8 16.9 23.9 40.5 22.1 33.5 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 205 Table A51. Refrigeration Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Refrigeration Equipment Used (more than one may apply) Cases and Cabinets Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings Walk-in Any Open Closed Type Unspecified RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.9 0.9 1.9 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ....... Computer Room ............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ...... Activity with Large Amounts of Hot Water ................................... Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility ........... with Central Physical Plant ........... No Central Physical Plant ............ Not on Multibuilding Facility ........... 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 926 862 918 591 14 566 544 569 422 8 752 699 744 498 12 95 96 97 63 Q 740 687 732 489 12 70 67 66 32 Q 6.2 6.5 6.6 7.2 35.1 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 414 198 147 119 47 29 19 219 133 97 74 29 24 14 342 158 111 99 38 24 16 32 21 19 14 4 6 3 337 156 110 96 37 23 16 32 Q Q 8 Q Q Q 11.1 10.8 12.7 12.0 13.4 12.9 13.0 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 82 118 127 214 319 113 22 55 61 139 240 75 59 80 93 176 281 97 Q 7 4 28 45 13 59 76 92 175 277 95 Q 15 13 11 Q Q 17.1 15.8 14.2 10.4 10.4 13.5 735 223 236 203 591 63 90 106 422 40 60 68 497 53 79 82 63 6 16 9 488 51 76 79 32 3 Q Q 7.1 12.7 14.5 14.5 1,667 223 1,444 3,139 234 38 196 740 132 23 110 459 169 29 140 618 15 1 14 84 164 28 135 611 26 Q 22 46 9.7 21.3 11.4 7.6 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 206 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A52. Refrigeration Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 Total Floorspace (million square feet) Refrigeration Equipment Used (more than one may apply) Cases and Cabinets Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings Walk-in Any Open Closed Type Unspecified RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.8 0.9 2.0 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... 67,876 25,414 18,680 20,995 3,846 20,477 1,082 7.9 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 1,421 1,153 2,246 2,925 3,440 4,141 4,906 5,181 865 695 1,245 1,683 2,227 3,137 4,230 4,599 1,159 896 1,717 2,177 2,794 3,355 4,132 4,765 144 Q 268 Q 400 682 709 1,360 1,139 896 1,662 2,135 2,709 3,302 4,000 4,633 96 135 239 221 Q Q Q Q 10.5 12.3 10.8 14.3 12.1 12.7 15.6 27.8 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 5,636 753 1,446 1,333 1,754 4,721 3,637 Q 2,574 Q 620 1,372 369 828 4,169 644 1,335 1,191 1,332 3,710 2,517 Q Q Q Q 943 211 424 4,414 753 1,325 1,179 1,568 4,286 2,983 Q 2,173 Q 411 624 329 Q 288 351 Q Q Q 2,179 529 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 4,249 715 1,313 1,176 1,568 4,209 2,903 Q 2,155 Q 411 624 314 592 192 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 14.0 18.2 13.2 16.9 22.1 18.6 12.9 52.3 50.9 45.7 31.5 21.7 35.0 45.9 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 471 1,373 2,600 3,252 5,346 5,627 5,738 1,006 297 662 1,741 2,061 4,015 4,707 4,441 755 407 1,222 2,245 2,565 4,280 4,507 4,889 879 Q Q Q 266 1,060 787 1,006 221 407 1,222 2,029 2,524 4,166 4,471 4,807 852 Q Q Q 242 239 170 206 Q 20.7 30.9 17.2 12.4 17.1 13.2 19.1 22.3 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 6,350 6,572 8,299 4,192 4,873 4,779 6,056 2,971 5,216 5,431 6,722 3,626 1,293 953 871 729 5,071 5,309 6,588 3,509 265 310 404 102 14.1 11.7 15.4 14.4 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 25,406 20,308 7,895 2,809 1,143 1,655 421 18,680 14,900 6,473 2,302 985 1,366 294 20,987 16,781 6,444 2,443 1,073 1,360 386 3,846 3,356 1,112 295 Q Q Q 20,470 16,350 6,231 2,297 1,056 1,346 356 1,082 790 242 Q Q Q Q 7.9 7.7 10.7 18.6 29.9 21.5 36.0 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 207 Table A52. Refrigeration Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Refrigeration Equipment Used (more than one may apply) Cases and Cabinets Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings Walk-in Any Open Closed Type Unspecified RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.8 0.9 2.0 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ....... Computer Room ............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ...... Activity with Large Amounts of Hot Water ................................... Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility ........... with Central Physical Plant ........... No Central Physical Plant ............ Not on Multibuilding Facility ........... 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 24,956 24,152 25,090 20,594 790 18,328 18,129 18,523 16,061 464 20,606 20,101 20,802 17,880 643 3,607 3,806 3,836 3,420 Q 20,089 19,602 20,284 17,550 513 1,074 979 1,053 549 Q 8.0 8.3 8.1 10.0 27.0 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 3,090 1,719 2,214 3,701 3,730 4,341 6,618 Q 928 1,237 2,383 2,481 3,912 5,600 2,553 1,254 1,717 2,943 3,082 3,645 5,801 148 168 156 402 294 789 1,890 2,542 1,232 1,699 2,835 3,064 3,490 5,615 303 Q Q 156 Q Q Q 29.4 14.3 14.6 13.1 14.9 16.5 14.5 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 1,602 3,484 3,650 5,575 5,391 5,713 764 2,213 2,507 3,974 4,336 4,887 1,156 2,611 2,998 4,707 4,629 4,894 Q 268 275 1,325 1,386 559 1,156 2,477 2,950 4,607 4,580 4,708 Q 267 132 158 Q Q 24.8 13.0 13.6 13.6 16.7 21.7 22,166 14,199 8,042 6,862 19,699 7,860 4,855 5,393 15,165 6,090 3,868 4,509 16,981 6,429 4,199 4,590 3,420 1,095 670 882 16,651 6,160 3,937 4,467 549 219 Q Q 8.4 10.7 12.6 13.9 31,564 8,395 23,170 36,312 12,528 4,042 8,486 12,886 10,009 3,309 6,700 8,670 10,872 3,702 7,171 10,122 2,119 811 1,309 1,727 10,462 3,530 6,932 10,015 388 Q 310 694 13.4 19.3 16.1 7.2 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 208 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A53. Water-Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Water-Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Centralized System Distributed System Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings With Water Heating Total with SelfHeating Storage Tank with Tank Heated by SpaceHeating Equipment Other Total ResidentialType Storage System Pointof-Use Heaters Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.8 1.6 0.8 0.8 2.0 2.1 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... 4,806 3,502 1,994 1,799 103 106 1,557 1,489 56 24 7.8 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 1,733 787 539 240 108 62 25 9 1,020 453 285 126 61 29 16 5 961 400 255 102 48 20 9 Q 28 36 13 11 5 5 3 1 35 Q 19 13 9 4 4 1 721 350 264 118 53 34 10 6 699 336 254 109 49 30 8 4 Q 13 9 Q Q 3 2 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1 (*) 12.4 10.0 12.4 13.2 13.5 16.5 18.6 29.7 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 230 124 259 62 152 923 705 13 235 58 265 311 43 121 140 68 174 28 90 517 390 8 153 37 145 162 29 54 122 61 162 25 76 465 348 6 143 27 136 157 24 49 8 Q Q 2 5 32 29 Q 5 Q Q Q Q Q 13 Q Q 2 12 23 14 Q 7 Q Q Q Q Q 95 56 90 36 67 414 325 5 86 23 124 152 14 68 88 55 89 33 61 399 312 5 80 19 122 149 12 66 Q Q Q Q Q 14 14 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 4 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 15.6 25.0 16.1 26.7 20.0 12.7 13.3 57.5 16.7 33.7 17.7 14.7 32.5 20.9 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 126 202 507 638 580 721 649 79 86 125 295 381 316 401 342 47 77 110 253 348 282 368 318 43 Q Q 20 16 15 20 10 Q Q Q 23 19 22 15 15 Q 44 81 220 265 267 327 322 31 41 79 216 255 261 306 303 27 Q Q Q Q 4 17 19 4 Q Q Q Q 3 4 4 Q 22.7 20.2 13.4 12.7 14.9 13.4 13.9 27.3 771 1,202 1,963 870 625 906 1,307 664 448 565 667 313 364 523 619 293 55 20 19 9 34 25 34 13 183 359 655 361 169 342 634 343 13 10 18 17 3 9 6 5 15.0 16.2 15.3 18.8 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 3,502 2,333 435 82 22 244 96 1,994 1,325 300 57 17 146 62 1,799 1,205 231 35 12 130 55 103 57 48 7 Q Q Q 106 68 28 18 4 Q Q 1,557 1,046 142 26 5 103 39 1,489 998 131 22 5 100 38 56 41 11 1 Q Q Q 24 19 3 4 Q Q Q 7.8 9.2 16.6 20.6 32.5 26.0 28.0 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 209 Table A53. Water-Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Water-Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Centralized System Distributed System Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings With Water Heating Total with SelfHeating Storage Tank with Tank Heated by SpaceHeating Equipment Other Total ResidentialType Storage System Pointof-Use Heaters Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.8 1.6 0.8 0.8 2.0 2.1 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........................................... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ................................. Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ..................................... Computer Room .............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ....................................... Activities with Large Amounts of Hot Water .................... Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility ............. with Central Physical Plant ............ No Central Physical Plant .............. Not on Multibuilding Facility ............. Water-Heating Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... Propane ........................................... 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 3,436 3,016 3,502 728 102 1,958 1,686 1,994 428 62 1,766 1,519 1,799 379 54 103 89 103 23 Q 103 87 106 28 Q 1,527 1,372 1,557 316 43 1,459 1,307 1,489 293 40 56 54 56 19 Q 24 22 24 10 Q 7.8 8.1 7.8 11.2 25.0 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 1,609 777 512 384 126 62 31 930 448 297 198 71 31 19 858 406 275 168 58 22 13 30 28 11 19 5 4 4 47 17 11 13 10 5 3 693 340 221 196 61 34 12 672 324 213 183 56 30 10 18 Q Q 8 4 4 2 Q Q Q 8 Q Q 1 12.4 11.6 13.6 12.6 15.3 15.4 16.4 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 507 979 764 518 435 300 316 523 434 287 267 168 294 479 389 267 228 141 Q 23 31 14 13 10 Q 25 14 11 25 20 196 467 338 237 181 140 190 448 329 225 173 124 Q 16 7 12 Q 11 Q Q 4 2 Q 8 13.6 11.6 13.3 13.6 14.3 14.7 735 223 236 203 729 211 219 202 428 125 131 124 379 95 107 100 23 17 10 5 28 15 15 21 316 89 92 86 295 78 85 76 17 10 4 9 10 Q 4 4 11.0 16.4 17.1 15.3 1,667 223 1,444 3,139 1,070 175 895 2,432 583 108 475 1,411 504 80 424 1,295 39 11 28 64 46 22 25 59 504 70 433 1,054 470 58 411 1,019 21 6 15 35 17 8 9 7 10.8 18.3 12.8 9.4 1,696 1,647 126 38 80 1,696 1,647 126 38 80 891 961 105 31 52 851 869 56 15 48 17 42 37 7 Q 30 55 15 12 Q 822 719 21 7 31 792 687 18 Q 31 28 26 Q 1 Q 7 15 Q 3 Q 11.8 10.7 29.1 24.0 41.2 See footnotes at end of table. 210 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A53. Water-Heating Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Water-Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Centralized System Distributed System Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings With Water Heating Total with SelfHeating Storage Tank with Tank Heated by SpaceHeating Equipment Other Total ResidentialType Storage System Pointof-Use Heaters Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.8 1.6 0.8 0.8 2.0 2.1 Water-Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Centralized System .......................... Self-Heating Tank .......................... Heated by Space-Heating Equipment ..................................... Other .............................................. Distributed System ........................... Residential-Type Storage Tank .............................................. Point-of-Use Heaters ..................... Other .............................................. Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ............................................ Cooling ............................................. Hot Water ......................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ 1,994 1,799 103 106 1,557 1,489 56 24 1,994 1,799 103 106 1,557 1,489 56 24 1,994 1,799 103 106 50 39 10 Q 1,799 1,799 7 Q 38 30 8 Q 103 7 103 Q Q Q Q Q 106 Q Q 106 9 Q Q Q 50 38 Q 9 1,557 1,489 56 24 39 30 Q Q 1,489 1,489 9 Q 10 8 Q Q 56 9 56 Q Q Q Q Q 24 Q Q 24 13.9 18.3 23.7 22.4 12.9 15.0 26.4 16.4 3,400 2,872 578 4,089 547 2,745 2,425 578 3,125 452 1,550 1,345 332 1,788 299 1,405 1,215 292 1,623 277 84 72 18 92 19 69 63 26 82 4 1,233 1,111 258 1,379 157 1,188 1,069 246 1,327 153 42 41 11 45 7 12 10 2 16 Q 8.7 9.0 13.6 8.3 19.0 (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 211 Table A54. Water-Heating Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Water-Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Centralized System Distributed System Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings With Water Heating Total with SelfHeating Storage Tank with Tank Heated by SpaceHeating Equipment Other Total ResidentialType Storage System Pointof-Use Heaters Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.7 1.3 0.8 0.8 2.3 2.0 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... 67,876 58,479 31,599 24,464 3,722 4,032 29,502 25,809 3,367 1,259 8.6 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 4,928 5,834 8,724 8,637 7,489 8,492 7,466 6,910 2,918 3,337 4,638 4,566 4,243 3,968 4,725 3,204 2,755 2,968 4,143 3,688 3,356 2,778 2,643 Q 78 253 207 430 326 715 969 745 99 Q 335 457 624 634 1,263 484 2,033 2,618 4,252 4,256 3,686 4,681 3,104 4,871 1,964 2,511 4,071 3,928 3,430 4,076 2,661 3,168 Q 99 159 Q Q 430 468 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 226 337 12.9 9.7 12.3 14.0 13.8 15.9 18.5 27.8 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 8,036 739 1,490 1,760 2,869 10,809 12,030 933 4,346 804 3,384 7,887 1,001 2,391 5,536 413 983 1,235 2,032 4,630 6,717 361 3,056 626 1,790 2,753 497 971 3,970 357 811 664 1,332 4,042 4,626 348 2,677 342 1,518 2,569 381 828 929 Q Q 273 194 298 1,066 Q 243 Q Q Q Q Q 846 Q Q 331 553 315 1,069 Q 255 Q Q Q Q Q 2,764 326 545 596 957 6,351 5,880 Q 2,404 208 1,635 5,249 515 1,491 2,596 319 507 402 678 5,555 5,189 Q 1,370 124 1,615 5,121 493 1,287 Q Q Q Q Q 909 629 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 332 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 14.1 27.3 20.2 22.6 21.9 16.5 12.2 57.8 38.9 40.4 21.2 17.2 28.2 33.9 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,457 3,126 7,004 8,784 11,006 12,369 12,565 2,167 967 1,880 4,074 5,153 5,523 6,893 6,014 1,095 745 1,463 3,088 4,057 3,855 5,243 5,160 853 Q Q 396 502 1,136 760 427 Q Q Q 661 614 667 1,064 594 103 620 1,313 3,078 3,874 5,627 6,046 7,833 1,110 593 1,245 2,949 3,686 4,867 5,350 6,172 947 Q Q Q Q Q 594 Q 227 Q Q Q Q 179 277 362 Q 25.9 29.5 18.0 14.4 14.6 13.1 19.3 21.7 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 12,410 15,460 19,592 11,017 7,854 9,002 9,298 5,445 5,376 6,922 7,966 4,200 1,478 995 663 587 1,217 1,196 825 793 4,792 7,009 11,836 5,866 3,825 6,369 10,315 5,299 1,043 271 Q 510 311 440 299 209 13.7 14.5 16.0 14.6 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 58,479 43,151 12,605 5,177 1,978 2,961 1,287 31,599 22,563 8,217 3,840 1,654 1,767 735 24,464 17,504 5,091 1,555 911 1,424 568 3,722 2,658 1,858 864 210 352 Q 4,032 2,928 1,659 1,457 546 Q Q 29,502 22,057 5,066 1,492 364 1,352 643 25,809 19,793 4,242 1,043 264 1,244 601 3,367 2,105 836 283 Q Q Q 1,259 1,001 520 439 Q Q Q 8.7 8.5 12.0 19.3 28.9 22.2 37.5 See footnotes at end of table. 212 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A54. Water-Heating Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Water-Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Centralized System Distributed System Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings With Water Heating Total with SelfHeating Storage Tank with Tank Heated by SpaceHeating Equipment Other Total ResidentialType Storage System Pointof-Use Heaters Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.7 1.3 0.8 0.8 2.3 2.0 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........................................... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ................................. Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ..................................... Computer Room .............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ....................................... Activities with Large Amounts of Hot Water .................... Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility ............. with Central Physical Plant ............ No Central Physical Plant .............. Not on Multibuilding Facility ............. Water-Heating Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... Propane ........................................... 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 57,708 53,839 58,479 22,993 2,976 31,163 28,896 31,599 13,455 1,250 24,052 22,235 24,464 9,266 1,000 3,722 3,586 3,722 2,165 Q 4,007 3,649 4,032 2,412 Q 29,166 27,509 29,502 11,484 1,829 25,478 23,914 25,809 8,740 1,699 3,364 3,332 3,367 2,504 Q 1,259 1,198 1,259 802 Q 8.7 9.0 8.7 13.1 23.2 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 11,207 6,432 7,089 10,215 7,644 7,278 8,613 6,452 3,656 3,982 4,868 3,922 3,725 4,995 5,923 3,111 3,626 3,821 2,843 2,403 2,737 239 298 148 517 535 727 1,259 320 275 208 574 705 761 1,189 5,740 2,890 3,182 5,571 4,101 3,869 4,148 4,678 2,780 3,070 5,154 3,726 3,374 3,027 Q Q Q 286 299 449 1,145 Q Q Q 232 Q Q 512 20.5 13.8 14.9 13.5 16.8 18.7 15.7 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 5,005 12,613 12,405 11,308 8,020 9,128 2,981 6,552 6,404 5,310 4,154 6,199 2,537 5,425 5,035 4,286 2,994 4,186 Q 646 584 648 504 1,144 Q 543 833 487 657 1,244 2,117 6,489 6,263 6,277 4,095 4,261 2,031 6,081 5,964 5,765 3,275 2,693 Q 422 293 560 Q Q Q Q 146 165 Q 492 17.3 12.6 12.1 14.8 17.3 21.6 22,166 14,199 8,042 6,862 22,095 13,947 7,890 6,857 12,560 7,891 5,146 4,482 8,370 4,783 3,191 2,764 2,165 1,846 1,151 743 2,412 1,557 962 1,080 10,582 6,723 3,115 2,792 8,737 5,717 2,667 2,187 1,605 1,023 449 511 802 511 363 330 10.6 12.1 14.4 16.3 31,564 8,395 23,170 36,312 26,766 7,895 18,872 31,713 14,041 5,004 9,037 17,559 9,819 2,486 7,333 14,645 2,200 1,111 1,089 1,522 2,440 1,493 948 1,591 14,372 3,083 11,289 15,130 11,519 2,058 9,461 14,289 2,518 796 Q 849 910 543 367 350 12.8 17.9 15.8 8.6 25,482 29,962 2,470 3,308 659 25,482 29,962 2,470 3,308 659 11,504 16,228 2,127 2,889 467 10,388 12,906 1,062 915 425 514 1,706 984 841 Q 773 2,130 257 1,170 Q 15,671 14,816 397 528 245 14,008 13,174 273 155 241 Q 1,467 Q 138 Q 439 757 Q 257 Q 14.8 9.8 27.3 21.4 41.6 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 213 Table A54. Water-Heating Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Water-Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Centralized System Distributed System Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings With Water Heating Total with SelfHeating Storage Tank with Tank Heated by SpaceHeating Equipment Other Total ResidentialType Storage System Pointof-Use Heaters Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.7 1.3 0.8 0.8 2.3 2.0 Water-Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Centralized System .......................... Self-Heating Tank .......................... Heated by Space-Heating Equipment ..................................... Other .............................................. Distributed System ........................... Residential-Type Storage Tank .............................................. Point-of-Use Heaters ..................... Other .............................................. Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ............................................ Cooling ............................................. Hot Water ......................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ 31,599 24,464 3,722 4,032 29,502 25,809 3,367 1,259 31,599 24,464 3,722 4,032 29,502 25,809 3,367 1,259 31,599 24,464 3,722 4,032 2,622 1,380 Q Q 24,464 24,464 500 Q 2,314 1,186 Q Q 3,722 500 3,722 Q Q Q Q Q 4,032 Q Q 4,032 164 Q Q Q 2,622 2,314 Q 164 29,502 25,809 3,367 1,259 1,380 1,186 Q Q 25,809 25,809 727 Q Q Q Q Q 3,367 727 3,367 Q Q Q Q Q 1,259 Q Q 1,259 13.0 17.7 21.9 18.3 17.0 12.5 37.0 21.6 46,248 42,768 9,966 54,944 7,996 42,817 40,185 9,966 48,476 7,424 21,660 20,206 5,736 25,008 4,100 16,996 15,694 4,453 19,951 3,368 2,410 2,303 604 2,577 484 2,435 2,379 754 2,723 264 22,288 21,047 4,556 24,757 3,618 20,255 19,122 4,167 22,633 3,312 1,932 1,849 332 2,009 Q 723 688 151 767 Q 8.7 8.8 12.1 8.2 20.4 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 214 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A55. Lighting Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Lit Buildings Incandescent Standard Fluorescent Compact Fluorescent HighIntensity Discharge Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 1.6 1.2 2.9 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 4,806 4,452 2,509 4,065 206 354 78 5.5 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 2,429 920 618 268 113 70 25 9 1,342 523 347 167 66 43 17 5 2,145 866 591 257 110 64 25 9 68 50 31 24 16 10 6 2 95 61 66 56 35 22 14 5 37 Q 16 Q Q Q Q Q 9.1 7.9 8.8 10.2 10.4 12.2 12.7 26.5 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 301 130 260 63 153 1,262 749 22 277 59 366 628 63 121 128 51 213 46 142 566 415 7 198 29 315 311 32 58 291 130 240 60 124 1,211 727 19 245 57 289 509 52 110 21 Q Q 6 21 40 51 Q 18 Q Q 13 Q Q 34 Q Q 5 5 91 38 6 28 Q 14 90 12 6 Q Q Q Q Q 23 20 Q Q Q Q 11 Q Q 12.6 21.9 12.3 25.4 18.5 8.5 10.0 39.5 10.9 28.3 16.1 11.3 26.6 17.2 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 161 232 659 813 735 909 826 118 136 165 436 494 399 461 358 59 140 219 588 740 665 843 770 101 Q 9 27 26 36 44 42 11 Q 13 37 52 49 77 102 20 Q Q Q Q Q 12 34 Q 18.5 18.2 11.2 10.5 10.2 10.4 9.0 21.5 771 1,202 1,963 870 735 1,082 1,811 824 435 662 939 473 687 995 1,607 776 57 41 51 57 53 107 142 52 Q 9 31 31 12.1 11.1 9.9 13.3 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 4,452 2,632 549 95 28 325 156 2,509 1,555 311 45 14 194 92 4,065 2,486 522 94 28 292 133 206 141 36 13 2 18 Q 354 219 53 17 4 25 Q 78 54 8 Q Q Q Q 5.5 6.6 13.9 16.9 25.6 19.5 17.9 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 4,107 3,467 3,457 730 117 2,324 1,934 2,040 546 63 3,850 3,281 3,283 694 112 202 179 186 65 8 322 287 290 72 25 72 67 67 20 Q 5.6 5.7 5.7 8.1 20.6 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 215 Table A55. Lighting Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Lit Buildings Incandescent Standard Fluorescent Compact Fluorescent HighIntensity Discharge Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 1.6 1.2 2.9 Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ....... Computer Room ............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ...... Activity with Large Amounts of Hot Water ................................... Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility ........... with Central Physical Plant ........... No Central Physical Plant ............ Not on Multibuilding Facility ........... Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Closed Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent .................................. Standard Fluorescent ..................... Compact Fluorescent ..................... High-Intensity Discharge ................ Other .............................................. 4,193 490 94 29 3,857 478 91 26 2,111 318 64 15 3,506 444 89 26 163 35 6 2 300 46 6 2 68 8 Q Q 5.9 9.6 19.5 28.0 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 2,368 895 557 405 130 64 31 1,323 491 339 217 78 40 21 2,066 848 530 400 126 64 31 79 34 25 28 16 15 10 122 62 55 52 34 19 9 31 15 Q Q Q Q 2 8.3 8.3 10.0 9.6 11.7 12.0 11.8 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 765 1,265 974 633 471 344 496 633 489 334 322 234 618 1,182 942 597 437 290 13 45 46 44 29 30 30 109 88 50 43 33 Q 26 22 11 11 Q 12.4 9.0 8.2 8.8 11.3 11.7 735 223 236 203 731 222 236 203 547 120 138 151 695 221 227 196 65 29 21 24 72 45 40 25 20 4 Q Q 8.1 11.7 13.9 11.8 1,667 223 1,444 3,139 1,517 214 1,303 2,934 809 95 713 1,700 1,315 206 1,109 2,750 71 19 52 135 165 35 130 188 21 Q 18 57 8.6 16.0 9.2 6.0 413 881 813 2,699 59 881 813 2,699 26 567 509 1,408 48 780 771 2,467 Q 25 65 117 Q 47 65 239 Q 17 14 47 23.5 10.2 8.6 7.0 2,987 1,689 43 87 2,633 1,689 43 87 1,467 977 25 39 2,315 1,632 43 76 94 107 Q Q 174 167 5 Q 45 33 Q Q 7.3 7.0 27.9 26.6 2,509 4,065 206 354 78 2,509 4,065 206 354 78 2,509 2,162 132 161 48 2,162 4,065 183 312 73 132 183 206 39 7 161 312 39 354 11 48 73 7 11 78 6.6 5.2 12.1 8.7 20.9 See footnotes at end of table. 216 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A55. Lighting Equipment, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Lit Buildings Incandescent Standard Fluorescent Compact Fluorescent HighIntensity Discharge Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 1.6 1.2 2.9 Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors .......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches .............. Other .............................................. Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ........................................... Cooling ........................................... Hot Water ....................................... Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. 574 74 59 339 413 78 574 74 59 339 413 78 326 55 25 224 358 42 533 69 58 323 383 76 60 13 11 33 52 13 119 18 10 42 41 13 14 Q Q 7 14 Q 10.0 19.2 17.3 12.0 10.9 21.4 3,400 2,872 578 4,089 547 3,358 2,850 558 4,034 543 1,862 1,559 331 2,231 334 3,144 2,696 520 3,709 522 157 139 36 174 42 258 229 43 316 53 66 61 8 76 21 6.1 6.1 11.4 5.7 13.0 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 217 Table A56. Lighting Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings Total Floorspace of All Lit Buildings Incandescent Standard Fluorescent Compact Fluorescent HighIntensity Discharge Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.2 2.8 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 67,876 65,354 39,221 62,074 8,336 17,570 1,612 5.8 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 6,693 6,816 9,939 9,620 7,845 9,627 7,663 7,151 3,763 3,835 5,550 6,045 4,604 5,898 5,226 4,300 5,927 6,422 9,562 9,191 7,594 8,740 7,528 7,110 195 380 507 925 1,185 1,375 1,745 2,024 289 487 1,123 2,089 2,447 3,118 3,932 4,085 113 Q 227 Q Q Q Q 407 9.4 7.9 8.7 10.8 10.2 12.2 13.3 22.7 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,889 12,368 12,319 1,649 4,553 809 3,747 10,893 1,113 2,534 5,368 331 1,284 1,446 2,698 6,516 7,946 310 2,780 388 3,427 4,760 638 1,329 8,379 757 1,430 1,754 2,768 12,059 12,167 1,424 4,406 803 3,424 9,255 1,070 2,379 846 Q Q 647 815 1,432 2,719 Q 578 Q Q 414 Q Q 3,186 Q Q 551 328 3,075 2,359 1,094 1,177 Q 188 4,365 370 445 Q Q Q Q Q 274 507 Q Q Q Q 260 Q Q 10.5 24.7 14.5 18.1 21.5 14.5 9.0 40.5 23.8 36.3 19.8 15.5 23.2 26.0 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,665 3,299 8,226 9,959 12,279 13,609 13,857 2,461 1,303 2,412 5,674 6,729 7,220 7,853 6,724 1,305 1,515 3,227 7,697 9,166 11,720 13,070 13,434 2,244 Q 349 837 639 1,764 1,958 1,933 719 Q 504 1,798 2,116 3,382 3,734 4,682 1,217 Q Q Q Q Q 293 582 110 18.8 23.2 16.0 13.2 13.5 9.7 11.9 15.1 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 13,076 16,531 23,671 12,076 8,905 10,724 12,240 7,351 12,733 15,946 21,658 11,737 2,990 1,847 1,607 1,891 4,623 5,841 4,686 2,419 Q 263 553 437 12.8 9.4 10.5 9.3 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 65,354 44,847 13,113 5,318 2,066 3,344 1,514 39,221 28,989 9,692 3,434 1,619 2,239 854 62,074 43,913 12,959 5,265 2,060 3,253 1,439 8,336 6,297 3,668 1,168 434 624 Q 17,570 13,140 5,383 1,874 572 1,110 Q 1,612 1,262 550 Q Q Q Q 5.9 6.7 9.9 14.3 23.1 17.1 27.9 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 61,448 56,642 58,095 23,024 3,144 37,268 34,240 36,008 17,061 1,708 59,873 55,594 56,893 22,821 3,093 8,215 7,950 8,080 5,206 327 16,581 15,956 16,337 7,952 1,437 1,529 1,463 1,484 866 Q 6.0 6.3 6.1 9.7 19.8 See footnotes at end of table. 218 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A56. Lighting Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings Total Floorspace of All Lit Buildings Incandescent Standard Fluorescent Compact Fluorescent HighIntensity Discharge Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.2 2.8 Percent Window Glass 25 or Less ...................................... 26 to 50 .......................................... 51 to 75 .......................................... 76 to 100 ........................................ Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation ....... Computer Room ............................. Rooms with Special Ventilation ...... Activity with Large Amounts of Hot Water ................................... Multibuilding Facility Part of Multibuilding Facility ........... with Central Physical Plant ........... No Central Physical Plant ............ Not on Multibuilding Facility ........... Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Closed Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent .................................. Standard Fluorescent ..................... Compact Fluorescent ..................... High-Intensity Discharge ................ Other .............................................. 51,356 11,815 3,206 1,499 49,184 11,509 3,179 1,482 27,146 8,723 2,382 969 46,188 11,284 3,127 1,474 4,412 2,570 904 450 12,920 3,698 655 296 1,205 295 Q Q 6.5 11.2 14.7 22.0 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 15,476 7,524 8,022 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 8,540 4,231 4,618 5,703 4,648 4,910 6,571 13,520 7,100 7,490 10,414 7,646 7,334 8,570 714 381 376 886 1,089 1,405 3,485 1,777 1,174 1,624 2,685 2,920 3,280 4,111 270 251 Q Q Q Q 512 14.4 11.8 12.9 9.9 12.4 15.3 13.5 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 6,145 14,895 13,917 11,996 8,433 9,969 3,940 8,138 8,364 7,105 5,692 5,981 5,447 13,833 13,398 11,710 8,266 9,421 290 1,126 1,626 1,795 1,556 1,943 936 2,914 3,545 3,559 3,148 3,468 Q 320 318 367 Q Q 14.1 9.1 8.3 10.7 15.4 15.2 22,166 14,199 8,042 6,862 22,126 14,183 8,036 6,862 17,061 9,094 5,370 5,572 21,923 14,066 7,976 6,819 5,206 3,658 1,509 1,767 7,952 5,883 3,153 2,578 866 592 Q Q 8.9 9.7 10.7 12.8 31,564 8,395 23,170 36,312 30,480 8,288 22,193 34,874 17,558 5,167 12,392 21,662 28,305 8,078 20,227 33,769 4,290 1,925 2,365 4,046 10,181 3,287 6,894 7,388 720 Q 509 892 9.4 15.9 10.5 5.8 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 757 9,980 14,224 40,393 391 6,575 9,350 22,906 675 8,848 13,892 38,658 Q 547 2,410 5,378 Q 1,410 3,782 12,324 Q 295 418 900 33.4 13.5 11.1 7.1 34,486 31,482 1,021 887 31,963 31,482 1,021 887 18,367 19,880 667 306 29,325 30,950 1,021 777 3,314 4,791 Q Q 7,394 9,658 355 Q 923 639 Q Q 8.1 7.3 26.6 29.9 39,221 62,074 8,336 17,570 1,612 39,221 62,074 8,336 17,570 1,612 39,221 36,935 6,590 10,037 1,157 36,935 62,074 8,111 16,557 1,493 6,590 8,111 8,336 3,746 368 10,037 16,557 3,746 17,570 673 1,157 1,493 368 673 1,612 6.4 6.0 11.6 9.8 22.3 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 219 Table A56. Lighting Equipment, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics Total Floorspace of All Buildings Total Floorspace of All Lit Buildings Incandescent Standard Fluorescent Compact Fluorescent HighIntensity Discharge Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.2 2.8 Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors .......................................... Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches .............. Other .............................................. Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ........................................... Cooling ........................................... Hot Water ....................................... Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 10,321 2,394 2,288 8,318 10,505 1,461 14,714 3,004 3,601 11,853 12,139 2,552 4,117 1,090 1,263 3,413 4,058 893 6,900 1,635 1,474 4,488 4,313 904 664 Q Q 398 586 Q 10.6 15.2 13.5 14.5 11.2 14.1 46,248 42,768 9,966 54,944 7,996 45,960 42,619 9,807 54,489 7,961 27,823 25,769 6,665 32,756 4,989 44,726 41,757 9,483 51,840 7,831 5,812 5,617 1,659 6,317 1,170 12,443 11,986 3,081 14,013 2,170 1,208 1,150 158 1,325 228 6.2 6.4 10.1 5.5 14.9 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 220 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A57. Energy Conservation Features, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics Any ConserAll vation Buildings Features Building Shell HVAC Lighting Other Any ConserAll vation Buildings Features Building Shell HVAC Lighting Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.7 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... 4,806 4,357 4,223 2,604 1,178 264 67,876 64,403 62,056 50,281 29,453 5,952 4.7 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 2,376 887 610 268 113 68 25 9 2,305 864 587 259 111 66 23 9 1,194 569 447 208 98 57 23 9 452 275 241 106 47 36 14 7 102 62 50 25 14 8 2 1 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 6,575 6,566 9,788 9,597 7,874 9,271 7,479 7,254 6,375 6,405 9,403 9,270 7,683 8,935 7,098 6,887 3,370 4,221 7,257 7,503 6,797 7,699 6,946 6,488 1,302 2,066 3,952 3,884 3,420 4,821 4,557 5,452 291 467 821 896 917 1,020 740 799 7.4 5.6 6.5 8.4 9.2 10.3 11.9 24.2 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 300 119 251 63 152 1,186 727 20 269 59 355 555 58 242 296 114 245 63 150 1,141 722 16 262 59 347 511 56 240 245 70 166 47 120 643 534 10 175 46 199 256 34 60 74 20 92 26 51 293 220 5 96 19 101 135 22 25 27 Q Q 6 12 56 41 Q 21 Q 31 30 Q Q 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 8,457 695 1,465 1,735 2,868 12,038 12,239 1,303 4,501 818 3,707 9,764 1,099 3,716 8,379 656 1,451 1,735 2,825 11,667 12,185 678 4,341 818 3,657 9,082 1,032 3,550 7,719 510 1,073 1,664 2,585 8,905 11,004 753 3,959 762 2,759 5,812 968 1,808 3,297 197 546 1,304 1,340 5,339 7,042 748 2,969 205 1,652 3,323 589 901 922 Q Q 368 379 1,003 904 Q 410 Q 526 711 Q Q 9.3 19.7 11.2 15.6 15.4 9.2 7.2 33.9 15.6 23.7 12.9 10.3 17.9 16.2 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 159 235 641 782 716 889 812 121 155 230 615 761 697 850 797 117 95 137 328 445 442 556 526 76 65 65 173 169 180 235 243 48 Q 20 31 41 38 59 55 9 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,662 3,325 7,841 9,752 12,053 13,464 13,886 2,419 1,620 3,269 7,532 9,484 11,695 12,754 13,365 2,338 1,229 2,662 5,313 6,726 9,812 10,636 11,800 2,103 659 1,368 2,943 3,384 5,219 6,680 7,572 1,627 Q 406 604 677 1,247 1,430 1,185 275 16.1 16.1 10.8 9.0 9.1 7.6 9.2 14.2 771 1,202 1,963 870 711 1,097 1,737 812 693 1,076 1,667 787 504 626 980 494 241 295 375 268 57 67 85 55 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 12,891 16,619 22,659 12,234 12,612 16,031 21,758 11,655 10,840 13,100 16,864 9,477 6,727 7,790 8,307 6,628 1,626 1,575 1,757 993 9.0 8.1 9.1 9.3 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 4,258 2,542 541 95 28 331 155 4,124 2,467 526 90 27 321 150 2,604 1,660 397 86 28 172 70 1,178 778 190 50 14 77 32 263 175 56 10 Q 18 Q 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 63,709 44,303 13,125 5,316 2,066 3,376 1,494 61,362 43,053 12,996 5,135 2,007 3,339 1,472 50,281 36,273 12,104 5,146 2,063 2,506 912 29,453 21,197 8,603 3,046 1,152 1,439 552 5,927 4,733 1,830 687 224 201 Q 4.7 5.4 9.9 12.6 19.7 15.5 19.6 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 221 Table A57. Energy Conservation Features, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics Any ConserAll vation Buildings Features Building Shell HVAC Lighting Other Any ConserAll vation Buildings Features Building Shell HVAC Lighting Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.7 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating .......................................... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ............................... Floors One ................................................ Two ................................................ Three .............................................. Four to Nine ................................... Ten or More .................................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters .......................................... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 3,996 3,376 3,392 727 119 3,881 3,285 3,298 707 112 2,568 2,271 2,275 548 74 1,122 997 1,042 275 49 260 227 232 52 18 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 60,736 56,223 57,571 23,031 3,151 58,915 54,488 55,914 22,814 3,050 49,515 46,884 47,711 21,458 2,260 28,384 27,166 27,924 13,887 1,624 5,793 5,425 5,618 2,615 545 4.7 4.9 4.7 7.5 16.2 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 2,620 1,105 435 184 13 2,530 1,077 424 179 13 1,414 719 313 145 13 541 368 166 93 10 128 82 36 15 2 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 22,938 17,520 9,776 9,997 4,173 22,066 17,097 9,558 9,289 4,046 15,331 14,092 8,398 8,360 4,100 7,256 7,994 5,049 5,841 3,313 1,563 1,866 873 1,182 468 7.9 6.0 8.4 11.0 16.5 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 3,792 2,929 717 145 565 3,684 2,841 699 144 539 2,172 1,763 387 21 432 1,022 810 202 9 156 219 192 24 Q 44 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 49,630 36,377 11,630 1,624 14,773 47,889 35,043 11,369 1,477 14,168 37,005 27,762 8,755 488 13,276 22,860 16,990 5,551 319 6,593 4,398 3,763 536 Q 1,554 5.0 4.6 10.9 18.9 8.1 653 688 618 2,846 383 626 601 2,746 363 605 585 2,670 46 331 366 1,861 60 132 214 772 Q 25 36 199 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 3,976 10,534 10,131 39,762 3,439 9,852 9,861 38,905 949 7,172 7,771 34,389 1,203 3,723 5,463 19,063 Q 463 1,073 4,257 17.9 10.6 8.8 5.0 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 980 1,125 646 1,606 938 1,079 630 1,575 333 690 446 1,135 181 320 223 453 37 73 55 99 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 8,180 21,269 13,768 21,186 7,569 20,089 13,541 20,858 3,397 15,879 12,333 18,672 2,287 8,224 7,985 10,957 527 1,836 1,711 1,877 9.9 6.6 8.2 7.1 413 881 813 2,699 244 785 791 2,537 241 762 768 2,452 30 426 523 1,624 Q 197 290 679 Q 36 75 145 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 2,243 9,131 14,110 38,919 2,110 8,863 13,846 37,237 638 6,140 11,807 31,696 Q 3,352 7,914 17,945 Q 792 1,711 3,391 16.8 8.6 8.5 5.3 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 441 1,640 1,371 93 616 836 42 435 1,605 1,327 89 602 811 42 323 1,028 724 85 487 604 25 148 427 374 49 239 256 15 29 118 79 10 66 53 Q 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 8,230 16,632 21,647 5,202 20,594 15,778 903 8,053 16,246 20,986 5,021 20,141 15,456 889 6,847 12,184 16,301 5,047 18,645 12,832 838 4,245 6,275 10,200 2,969 11,665 7,681 571 675 1,301 2,479 631 2,640 1,275 Q 10.3 6.8 6.8 12.7 7.1 8.3 24.7 See footnotes at end of table. 222 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A57. Energy Conservation Features, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics Any ConserAll vation Buildings Features Building Shell HVAC Lighting Other Any ConserAll vation Buildings Features Building Shell HVAC Lighting Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.7 Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners ............................. Heat Pumps ................................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................. District Chilled Water ...................... Central Chillers ............................... Packaged AirConditioning Units ......................... Swamp Coolers .............................. Other .............................................. Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent .................................. Standard Fluorescent ..................... Compact Fluorescent ..................... High-Intensity Discharge ................ Other .............................................. Water-Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Centralized System ........................ Self-Heating Tank ........................ Heated by Space-Heating Equipment ................................... Other ............................................ Distributed System ......................... Residential-Type Storage Tank ............................... Point-of-Use Heaters .................... Other ............................................ Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ....................................... Wall Insulation ................................ Storm or Multiple Glazing .......................................... Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass ............................... Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ...................... Windows that Open ........................ HVAC Conservation Features Variable Air-Volume System .......................................... Economizer Cycle .......................... HVAC Maintenance ........................ 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 791 447 964 28 141 1,421 171 8 780 441 935 27 140 1,375 164 8 508 326 581 28 129 1,028 109 4 226 142 259 14 77 468 56 Q 53 27 60 Q 14 104 Q Q 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 8,822 8,376 17,621 2,066 12,950 27,573 2,062 268 8,655 8,244 16,995 2,007 12,739 26,845 2,020 268 6,842 6,978 13,842 2,063 12,569 23,508 1,697 181 3,703 4,319 7,780 1,152 9,301 13,211 1,115 Q 984 687 1,757 224 1,906 2,667 Q Q 9.4 10.0 9.2 19.7 10.9 6.2 22.4 48.6 2,509 4,065 206 354 78 2,364 3,851 203 337 73 2,304 3,734 200 316 72 1,471 2,457 154 237 52 768 1,100 106 166 32 171 248 22 39 12 39,221 62,074 8,336 17,570 1,612 38,196 60,445 8,321 17,188 1,603 37,436 58,496 8,283 16,304 1,538 31,251 49,090 7,885 14,328 1,266 19,761 28,649 6,649 10,593 1,074 4,049 5,719 1,294 2,206 233 5.3 4.5 10.0 7.8 21.1 1,994 1,799 1,950 1,760 1,900 1,714 1,325 1,178 610 522 141 126 31,599 24,464 31,322 24,241 30,682 23,694 26,731 20,029 16,074 11,593 3,122 2,188 7.3 8.2 103 106 1,557 1,489 56 24 100 104 1,491 1,423 56 24 99 101 1,447 1,379 56 24 85 75 989 932 45 23 51 46 462 433 26 12 10 9 97 88 11 3 3,722 4,032 29,502 25,809 3,367 1,259 3,713 3,987 28,871 25,182 3,364 1,259 3,670 3,936 27,855 24,166 3,364 1,259 3,530 3,791 23,497 19,873 3,306 1,235 2,470 2,473 13,877 11,047 2,728 677 358 667 2,682 2,335 427 331 16.3 13.9 7.2 7.1 23.7 18.6 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 2,104 1,472 1,170 780 1,318 1,198 974 697 566 407 594 503 219 161 137 90 142 130 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 40,883 27,448 25,702 22,350 29,261 22,346 24,203 17,643 15,921 15,756 17,758 11,266 5,180 3,509 3,207 2,914 3,744 2,790 4.7 5.6 6.3 7.5 5.9 6.0 250 414 2,503 250 414 2,503 244 413 2,411 250 414 2,503 134 226 837 24 46 197 13,970 18,313 49,173 13,970 18,313 49,173 13,900 18,174 47,705 13,970 18,313 49,173 10,536 13,273 25,184 1,814 2,343 5,294 9.9 8.4 4.9 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 223 Table A57. Energy Conservation Features, Number of Buildings and Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) Number of Buildings (thousand) Total Floorspace (million square feet) Building Characteristics Any ConserAll vation Buildings Features Building Shell HVAC Lighting Other Any ConserAll vation Buildings Features Building Shell HVAC Lighting Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.7 Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors ........................ Natural Lighting Control Sensors ............................ Occupancy Sensors ....................... Time Clock ..................................... Manual Dimmer Switches ........................................ Other .............................................. Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ........................................ Building Shell ................................. HVAC ............................................. Lighting ........................................... Other .............................................. Energy Management Practices (more than one may apply) Energy Management and Control System .......................................... Demand-Side Management Participation .................................. Energy Audit ................................... Building Energy Manager ........................................ Demand-Side Management Programs (more than one may apply) Building Shell Program ................... HVAC Program .............................. Lighting Program ............................ Other DSM Programs ..................... 574 74 59 339 413 78 574 74 59 339 413 78 536 73 58 328 408 78 420 55 49 255 328 70 574 74 59 339 413 78 54 8 8 30 39 12 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 14,568 2,937 3,546 11,748 12,233 2,589 13,372 2,868 3,517 11,066 11,314 2,453 15,241 3,072 3,629 12,104 12,329 2,596 2,181 598 691 1,439 1,739 430 8.3 14.6 11.8 10.7 8.6 14.2 4,357 4,223 2,604 1,178 264 4,357 4,223 2,604 1,178 264 4,223 4,223 2,511 1,123 255 2,604 2,511 2,604 871 206 1,178 1,123 871 1,178 108 264 255 206 108 264 64,403 62,056 50,281 29,453 5,952 64,403 62,056 50,281 29,453 5,952 62,056 62,056 48,798 28,234 5,755 50,281 48,798 50,281 25,730 5,419 29,453 28,234 25,730 29,453 3,436 5,952 5,755 5,419 3,436 5,952 4.7 4.7 4.8 6.3 8.5 236 234 232 213 119 27 14,320 14,254 14,134 13,986 10,627 1,474 9.9 315 521 49 314 511 49 309 497 49 264 397 42 166 208 18 39 58 1 11,310 14,779 2,311 11,273 14,509 2,311 11,198 14,269 2,281 10,668 13,105 2,242 8,257 8,976 1,295 1,730 2,038 165 8.8 7.7 18.5 36 154 228 110 36 153 227 110 36 149 224 109 33 136 182 99 21 77 131 62 Q 25 24 15 1,079 6,370 8,805 6,176 1,079 6,342 8,797 6,176 1,079 6,298 8,759 6,146 1,042 6,166 8,250 6,063 890 4,679 6,869 4,906 Q 1,122 1,360 967 19.7 10.6 10.5 13.4 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 224 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A58. Building Shell Conservation Features, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Type of Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Any Building Shell ConserVation Features Roof or Ceiling Insulation Wall Insulation Storms or Multiple Glazing Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass Exterior or Interior Shadings or Awnings Windows that Open RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... 4,806 4,223 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 4.4 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 2,305 864 587 259 111 66 23 9 1,777 708 475 212 93 52 19 7 1,279 472 322 137 57 35 13 5 800 390 263 123 56 29 13 5 445 238 199 90 48 29 13 6 901 392 288 137 75 37 17 5 1,181 425 296 120 54 30 11 3 6.5 5.5 6.4 8.3 8.5 10.5 11.4 32.1 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 296 114 245 63 150 1,141 722 16 262 59 347 511 56 240 232 77 214 55 118 910 610 9 207 54 282 377 38 160 137 61 147 41 90 623 448 9 133 37 208 250 30 109 86 45 123 36 72 401 372 7 96 31 177 140 21 73 65 40 74 20 24 249 257 1 50 16 122 93 9 48 171 45 138 49 74 425 487 Q 85 30 112 145 24 64 235 Q 65 35 124 459 336 12 145 43 264 242 25 114 9.4 19.4 10.1 17.0 13.7 6.8 6.6 36.5 8.9 21.7 11.9 9.4 19.8 11.6 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 155 230 615 761 697 850 797 117 100 167 419 549 551 739 715 103 51 89 222 302 364 571 622 100 88 125 218 238 230 332 374 75 30 34 119 172 171 221 283 40 67 94 240 336 297 364 395 61 106 146 360 454 352 346 296 60 14.6 12.5 8.4 7.7 7.6 7.3 6.8 16.1 771 1,202 1,963 870 693 1,076 1,667 787 531 851 1,356 605 376 584 960 401 420 616 448 195 115 235 451 266 279 427 741 406 451 541 756 371 9.1 8.3 7.6 11.9 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 4,124 2,467 526 90 27 321 150 3,290 1,987 440 66 23 275 112 2,290 1,340 282 39 11 217 83 1,664 1,045 295 38 8 144 58 1,057 695 103 23 12 56 10 1,844 1,220 213 48 17 100 34 2,066 1,189 333 59 15 193 104 4.3 5.5 11.9 13.2 24.2 14.8 17.2 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 225 Table A58. Building Shell Conservation Features, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Type of Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Any Building Shell ConserVation Features Roof or Ceiling Insulation Wall Insulation Storms or Multiple Glazing Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass Exterior or Interior Shadings or Awnings Windows that Open RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... Floors One ................................................ Two ................................................ Three .............................................. Four to Nine ................................... Ten or More .................................... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Wood .............................................. Any Other ....................................... Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 3,881 3,285 3,298 707 112 3,164 2,727 2,728 594 95 2,206 1,908 1,918 400 63 1,642 1,405 1,495 353 48 1,018 977 928 237 31 1,804 1,705 1,635 399 52 1,932 1,515 1,625 336 45 4.4 4.5 4.5 6.2 16.9 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 2,530 1,077 424 179 13 2,010 857 330 137 9 1,434 600 195 84 6 796 498 265 114 7 604 300 103 53 8 992 530 223 99 9 1,159 547 276 130 6 6.6 5.3 8.2 11.1 17.5 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 2,240 837 534 389 128 64 31 1,683 687 450 339 102 55 27 1,160 487 317 223 75 38 20 760 345 252 206 64 35 18 410 210 182 152 53 39 20 703 453 297 249 83 45 24 1,181 412 251 181 62 23 9 6.5 6.2 7.4 6.9 9.6 10.1 9.7 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 839 1,155 894 579 445 311 610 925 720 475 362 252 406 649 513 326 247 180 295 472 340 249 195 130 168 314 221 154 131 81 224 617 402 264 198 147 527 606 404 237 166 179 8.7 6.4 6.7 6.0 9.0 9.5 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 3,684 2,841 699 144 539 2,921 2,297 535 89 422 2,061 1,660 334 68 259 1,496 1,209 242 45 184 946 738 183 25 122 1,590 1,220 337 32 263 1,741 1,420 260 61 378 4.4 4.6 7.6 16.1 8.6 1,107 2,276 394 91 217 68 Q 1,032 2,105 369 87 205 59 Q 870 1,694 303 63 174 41 Q 674 1,143 175 37 141 Q Q 378 917 204 36 81 Q Q 330 582 51 21 31 Q Q 530 1,038 138 45 46 Q Q 426 1,020 248 57 123 43 Q 7.7 5.7 15.4 13.5 20.2 27.0 100.0 3,404 106 28 3,189 106 27 2,643 93 23 1,849 70 11 1,357 55 8 947 33 12 1,644 68 17 1,474 44 15 4.6 12.8 24.2 See footnotes at end of table. 226 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A58. Building Shell Conservation Features, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Type of Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Any Building Shell ConserVation Features Roof or Ceiling Insulation Wall Insulation Storms or Multiple Glazing Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass Exterior or Interior Shadings or Awnings Windows that Open RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 Water-Heating Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Cooking Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Propane .......................................... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Closed Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ............... Wall Insulation ................................ Storm or Multiple Glazing ............... Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass .............................................. Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ..................................... Windows that Open ........................ HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System .......... Economizer Cycle .......................... HVAC Maintenance ........................ 1,696 1,647 126 38 80 1,620 1,527 118 36 76 1,382 1,213 103 28 70 1,004 837 55 19 53 692 717 73 18 39 459 446 20 10 Q 785 808 42 19 31 748 771 83 22 46 5.6 6.2 21.8 17.0 26.3 356 431 70 343 419 68 294 342 62 204 222 51 174 195 42 115 141 16 195 242 38 149 203 41 8.7 7.8 20.6 653 688 618 2,846 363 605 585 2,670 196 431 475 2,241 126 307 325 1,563 44 189 255 1,193 53 136 162 718 52 240 301 1,259 198 297 279 1,345 14.4 8.0 7.7 4.8 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 938 1,079 630 1,575 616 835 531 1,362 412 549 356 1,004 275 426 314 665 91 261 195 521 147 496 381 829 604 568 277 670 9.0 5.6 7.6 6.0 413 881 813 2,699 241 762 768 2,452 144 559 648 1,993 100 393 418 1,410 59 319 349 953 27 165 235 642 38 296 388 1,131 127 447 374 1,171 14.4 7.2 6.7 4.9 2,987 1,689 43 87 2,542 1,573 37 71 1,967 1,290 29 56 1,379 879 22 41 918 726 15 22 555 485 13 15 961 854 22 16 1,428 645 14 32 5.5 5.4 22.0 21.4 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 3,343 2,320 1,680 1,068 1,853 2,119 3,343 2,128 1,445 919 1,558 1,527 2,128 2,320 1,139 683 1,100 1,065 1,445 1,139 1,680 552 908 888 919 683 552 1,068 647 330 1,558 1,100 908 647 1,853 871 1,527 1,065 888 330 871 2,119 4.5 5.2 5.8 6.1 5.4 5.7 250 414 2,503 244 413 2,411 219 374 2,012 161 270 1,403 146 229 1,120 124 175 753 180 281 1,248 99 163 1,152 8.0 8.2 4.7 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 227 Table A59. Building Shell Conservation Features, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Type of Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Any Building Shell ConserVation Features Roof or Ceiling Insulation Wall Insulation Storms or Multiple Glazing Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass Exterior or Interior Shadings or Awnings Windows that Open RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.1 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... 67,876 62,056 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 4.8 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 6,375 6,405 9,403 9,270 7,683 8,935 7,098 6,887 4,951 5,270 7,668 7,504 6,454 7,160 5,653 5,650 3,554 3,481 5,145 4,949 3,940 4,733 3,637 3,800 2,274 2,895 4,324 4,448 3,913 4,126 3,928 3,776 1,251 1,789 3,195 3,226 3,395 3,948 4,076 4,516 2,518 2,900 4,722 4,900 5,145 5,131 5,168 3,588 3,293 3,117 4,700 4,366 3,754 4,209 3,179 2,319 6.7 5.6 6.3 8.5 8.3 10.3 11.8 25.5 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 8,379 656 1,451 1,735 2,825 11,667 12,185 678 4,341 818 3,657 9,082 1,032 3,550 7,025 476 1,215 1,584 2,218 10,081 10,180 324 3,802 748 2,718 6,517 737 2,685 3,377 285 754 1,131 1,661 6,379 7,738 283 2,828 464 2,154 4,178 560 1,448 3,212 247 868 1,329 1,639 4,970 6,963 414 2,593 561 2,296 3,127 519 945 2,898 225 412 1,093 947 4,434 6,819 260 Q 226 1,419 2,970 447 1,219 5,131 280 738 1,507 1,750 4,885 9,044 336 2,542 551 1,620 3,791 582 1,315 5,959 Q 450 1,177 2,416 3,701 4,061 440 1,666 545 2,862 3,760 309 1,473 8.5 19.8 12.6 14.3 16.5 10.7 7.0 40.3 29.9 27.9 13.9 11.5 19.6 17.4 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,620 3,269 7,532 9,484 11,695 12,754 13,365 2,338 942 2,259 4,929 6,957 9,567 11,395 12,072 2,190 561 1,210 2,187 3,300 5,498 8,182 10,427 1,877 1,036 1,679 3,317 3,474 4,124 5,638 8,731 1,685 379 630 1,556 2,887 4,740 5,603 7,927 1,674 726 1,312 3,922 4,926 6,096 6,763 8,587 1,740 1,215 2,297 4,759 6,211 5,654 4,703 3,577 520 17.4 18.0 11.8 9.6 10.0 7.0 11.6 13.0 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 12,612 16,031 21,758 11,655 9,893 12,918 18,108 9,392 6,633 8,184 12,175 6,248 8,075 9,885 8,380 3,344 4,184 6,540 8,899 5,774 6,436 8,376 12,210 7,049 7,706 8,117 8,838 4,276 9.2 7.0 10.4 8.4 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 61,362 43,053 12,996 5,135 2,007 3,339 1,472 49,956 35,416 11,451 4,046 1,616 2,829 1,276 33,068 22,379 8,061 2,290 994 2,153 860 29,615 21,530 8,471 2,337 808 1,692 557 25,306 18,217 6,385 2,425 1,103 1,222 190 33,941 24,915 8,177 2,994 1,239 1,653 604 28,564 20,481 6,422 2,823 1,042 1,865 921 4.8 5.1 7.9 12.8 20.0 14.9 22.1 See footnotes at end of table. 228 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A59. Building Shell Conservation Features, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Type of Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Any Building Shell ConserVation Features Roof or Ceiling Insulation Wall Insulation Storms or Multiple Glazing Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass Exterior or Interior Shadings or Awnings Windows that Open RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.1 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... Floors One ................................................ Two ................................................ Three .............................................. Four to Nine ................................... Ten or More .................................... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Wood .............................................. Any Other ....................................... Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 58,915 54,488 55,914 22,814 3,050 48,409 45,186 46,407 19,707 2,714 32,180 30,278 30,978 12,919 1,489 29,441 27,331 28,564 12,918 1,312 24,816 24,350 24,373 11,271 1,338 33,454 32,198 32,745 14,890 1,377 27,381 23,966 25,632 11,124 1,349 4.8 5.1 4.9 8.7 16.4 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 22,066 17,097 9,558 9,289 4,046 18,135 14,282 7,957 6,810 3,128 12,123 9,741 4,581 4,326 2,469 8,610 8,019 5,358 5,368 2,329 7,551 6,991 3,749 4,340 2,765 10,608 9,124 5,459 5,945 2,935 8,652 7,540 5,499 5,615 1,632 9.9 6.5 8.2 9.6 16.2 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 14,210 6,814 7,444 10,084 7,642 7,308 8,554 11,054 5,268 5,591 8,475 6,110 6,550 7,263 7,342 3,466 3,629 5,328 4,087 4,137 5,251 5,825 2,895 3,212 5,110 4,115 3,797 4,729 4,030 1,539 2,112 4,255 3,118 4,492 5,850 5,026 3,499 3,539 6,428 5,085 4,703 5,792 7,113 3,488 3,976 4,856 3,784 2,828 2,891 14.6 6.9 8.6 7.6 10.0 12.1 10.6 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 6,858 13,770 12,952 11,444 8,074 8,958 5,264 10,776 10,748 9,551 6,350 7,622 3,236 6,694 7,451 6,535 3,678 5,647 2,793 6,236 5,658 5,312 3,795 5,890 1,778 5,097 5,250 5,075 3,455 4,740 2,264 8,025 7,205 5,945 4,329 6,303 4,100 7,031 5,306 3,813 3,767 4,921 9.8 6.8 6.3 8.7 11.2 15.1 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 47,889 35,043 11,369 1,477 14,168 38,288 28,012 9,262 1,014 12,023 27,472 20,366 6,417 688 5,768 23,696 17,450 5,788 458 5,988 20,146 14,347 5,371 428 5,250 26,322 18,809 6,927 586 7,749 19,907 16,151 3,174 582 9,030 5.3 4.2 14.2 17.7 8.4 15,502 35,161 4,415 5,014 1,101 257 546 14,541 33,455 4,266 4,813 1,064 230 546 12,530 27,048 3,494 3,731 939 183 Q 9,993 16,869 2,066 2,117 750 Q Q 7,487 16,546 2,554 2,199 468 Q Q 7,528 13,894 949 2,276 133 Q Q 8,980 19,312 1,993 2,725 247 Q Q 4,553 15,927 3,098 2,722 633 145 Q 11.2 5.7 16.2 13.5 21.5 24.8 55.3 54,628 1,906 2,066 52,132 1,848 2,007 43,216 1,632 1,616 29,191 1,075 994 26,170 1,025 808 23,187 831 1,103 30,810 1,112 1,239 22,866 740 1,042 5.2 18.5 20.0 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 229 Table A59. Building Shell Conservation Features, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Type of Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Any Building Shell ConserVation Features Roof or Ceiling Insulation Wall Insulation Storms or Multiple Glazing Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass Exterior or Interior Shadings or Awnings Windows that Open RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.1 Water-Heating Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Cooking Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Propane .......................................... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Closed Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Roof or Ceiling Insulation ............... Wall Insulation ................................ Storm or Multiple Glazing ............... Tinted, Reflective or Shading Glass .............................................. Exterior or Interior Shading or Awnings ..................................... Windows that Open ........................ HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System .......... Economizer Cycle .......................... HVAC Maintenance ........................ 25,482 29,962 2,470 3,308 659 24,351 28,615 2,417 3,238 647 20,939 23,238 2,046 2,543 586 15,193 14,456 1,182 1,632 428 12,583 14,742 1,464 1,466 326 11,163 12,247 667 1,572 Q 14,199 17,025 1,246 2,078 297 8,865 14,352 1,836 1,728 434 8.8 5.9 19.8 15.1 27.7 12,183 15,233 1,039 12,060 15,099 1,033 10,728 12,898 935 7,206 8,040 800 7,152 8,241 630 6,568 7,061 435 8,077 9,567 592 5,184 8,143 661 14.1 8.8 25.5 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 3,439 9,852 9,861 38,905 2,154 7,135 8,462 32,559 1,170 4,163 5,672 22,235 327 3,584 4,674 21,099 587 3,437 4,596 16,776 744 3,887 6,291 23,149 1,738 4,442 4,202 18,555 18.9 12.2 8.7 5.4 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 7,569 20,089 13,541 20,858 5,124 15,497 11,573 18,116 2,963 8,977 7,713 13,588 2,354 9,092 7,158 11,080 1,046 6,787 7,107 10,456 1,873 9,868 8,975 13,356 4,971 10,559 5,478 7,929 10.2 7.3 7.9 8.5 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 2,110 8,863 13,846 37,237 1,341 6,538 11,864 30,567 768 4,032 8,261 20,179 481 3,727 7,851 17,625 554 2,339 6,875 15,628 618 3,586 8,583 21,285 1,113 5,175 5,954 16,696 18.4 9.1 11.1 5.2 34,486 31,482 1,021 887 30,170 30,110 977 800 24,198 24,757 838 518 16,513 15,719 664 344 14,385 14,597 502 200 10,863 13,760 558 215 15,626 17,640 577 228 16,050 12,265 185 437 7.2 5.5 21.3 24.7 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 50,311 33,240 29,684 25,396 34,071 28,937 50,311 30,885 25,474 22,124 28,758 21,398 30,885 33,240 20,010 15,537 20,202 13,019 25,474 20,010 29,684 14,838 19,831 13,784 22,124 15,537 14,838 25,396 17,622 8,104 28,758 20,202 19,831 17,622 34,071 14,783 21,398 13,019 13,784 8,104 14,783 28,937 4.9 5.8 6.1 8.0 5.8 5.9 13,970 18,313 49,173 13,900 18,174 47,705 12,198 16,606 39,959 9,265 11,625 26,728 9,208 11,172 25,113 9,741 11,287 21,907 10,395 12,871 28,549 4,616 6,430 21,809 11.9 9.7 5.2 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 230 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A60. Energy Management Practices, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Energy Management Control System: (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating Cooling Lighting Hot Water Other DSM Participation Energy Audit Building Energy Manager RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.5 2.6 0.8 0.7 1.6 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 4,806 222 197 55 34 12 315 521 49 10.3 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 45 37 50 29 28 19 10 5 44 31 41 25 23 18 10 5 Q Q 12 5 8 8 3 Q Q Q 9 6 4 4 3 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q (*) 1 103 66 68 30 23 14 9 2 209 107 94 50 32 17 9 3 Q Q 6 5 6 2 2 1 18.9 18.4 17.3 20.0 17.5 18.0 19.4 36.0 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 50 Q 11 10 4 28 68 Q 14 Q 11 9 Q 5 38 Q Q 10 2 26 66 Q 12 Q 8 8 Q Q 9 Q Q Q Q 13 13 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 11 Q Q Q Q Q 7 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 3 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 54 Q 24 11 21 50 62 Q 24 Q 15 24 Q 7 75 Q 31 11 33 106 96 Q 40 Q 37 45 Q 12 10 Q Q Q Q Q 10 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 20.3 38.3 30.2 38.5 34.7 17.0 16.4 66.6 25.9 52.5 33.8 29.8 45.8 44.7 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 Q 11 14 32 38 49 55 20 Q 8 9 24 32 48 55 19 Q Q Q Q 6 13 17 6 Q Q Q 5 5 8 10 2 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1 12 18 45 55 53 74 51 7 25 26 76 95 99 112 81 7 Q Q Q 11 8 15 5 Q 37.1 36.2 25.0 18.3 19.5 18.4 17.8 30.8 771 1,202 1,963 870 37 66 63 57 23 55 68 51 11 11 15 18 8 9 11 6 1 6 Q Q 99 68 72 75 132 122 157 110 8 11 14 16 21.6 17.7 17.8 20.1 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 222 169 35 25 12 5 Q 197 148 29 20 13 4 Q 55 37 13 4 Q Q Q 34 21 11 5 2 Q Q 12 10 Q Q Q Q Q 315 195 65 30 11 18 Q 520 336 85 27 9 32 Q 49 31 6 6 4 Q Q 10.3 11.4 22.2 24.2 33.6 41.1 32.7 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 222 204 215 76 7 197 197 190 65 4 55 47 52 22 Q 34 31 34 15 Q 12 12 12 5 Q 313 267 288 95 16 505 425 453 131 25 49 42 47 12 Q 10.3 10.2 10.4 14.9 41.5 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 231 Table A60. Energy Management Practices, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Energy Management Control System: (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating Cooling Lighting Hot Water Other DSM Participation Energy Audit Building Energy Manager RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.5 2.6 0.8 0.7 1.6 Floors One ................................................ Two ................................................ Three .............................................. Four to Nine ................................... Ten or More .................................... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... Space-Heating Energy Source (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Wood .............................................. Any Other ....................................... Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Water-Heating Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Cooking Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Propane .......................................... 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 81 78 30 28 6 78 65 25 24 5 24 17 7 5 2 14 7 5 6 2 Q 3 Q 1 Q 132 91 51 35 5 259 144 72 41 5 24 9 9 6 1 16.0 16.2 19.6 18.7 25.8 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 36 27 45 50 27 22 16 27 27 41 42 22 22 16 13 Q Q 8 8 9 5 Q Q Q 9 5 6 2 Q Q Q Q Q 2 1 103 68 41 52 24 18 9 178 102 92 85 33 21 11 15 Q Q 12 6 2 2 21.8 19.7 19.6 17.3 18.0 16.5 16.6 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 23 68 49 34 29 19 14 61 47 31 26 18 Q 9 8 10 14 7 Q 7 3 8 5 9 Q Q 3 1 Q Q 31 90 60 56 48 30 70 142 90 88 75 57 Q 15 8 4 6 8 24.7 16.8 17.6 18.7 20.7 24.9 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 153 128 23 Q 69 142 119 24 Q 54 41 32 9 Q 14 20 17 Q Q 14 11 10 Q Q Q 229 199 27 Q 86 399 334 64 Q 122 32 27 3 Q 18 11.6 12.7 20.6 30.1 17.5 1,513 2,405 479 94 255 102 39 79 147 18 24 Q Q Q 75 132 12 20 Q Q Q 24 32 Q Q Q Q Q 13 19 5 5 Q Q Q 6 7 Q Q Q Q Q 109 172 52 29 12 Q Q 202 299 67 27 17 Q Q 22 28 Q 6 Q Q Q 15.1 12.1 27.8 23.3 45.2 50.0 103.8 3,404 106 28 188 11 12 180 11 13 45 Q Q 29 Q 2 12 Q Q 252 12 11 413 18 9 39 Q 4 10.4 34.4 33.6 1,696 1,647 126 38 80 86 114 Q 17 Q 85 98 2 13 Q 23 26 Q 2 Q 16 14 Q 4 Q Q 7 Q Q Q 134 130 20 15 Q 195 225 27 10 Q 18 27 Q 3 Q 14.2 13.7 42.7 27.6 67.7 356 431 70 36 52 Q 31 44 Q 12 14 Q 9 9 Q Q 4 Q 49 56 11 65 76 14 6 8 Q 19.9 17.8 45.3 See footnotes at end of table. 232 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A60. Energy Management Practices, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Energy Management Control System: (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating Cooling Lighting Hot Water Other DSM Participation Energy Audit Building Energy Manager RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.5 2.6 0.8 0.7 1.6 Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Closed Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters ............... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .............................. Heat Pumps ................................... Individual Air Conditioners ............. District Chilled Water ...................... Central Chillers ............................... Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ............................................... Swamp Coolers .............................. Other .............................................. Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent .................................. Standard Fluorescent ..................... Compact Fluorescent ..................... High-Intensity Discharge ................ Other .............................................. 653 688 618 2,846 Q 11 34 178 Q 7 32 158 Q 4 11 39 Q Q 5 28 Q Q Q 9 Q 34 45 234 17 51 78 376 Q 7 6 36 27.7 27.2 21.6 11.1 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 18 41 49 115 Q 27 50 120 Q 5 12 30 Q 5 8 18 Q Q 3 8 48 82 72 113 97 134 107 184 Q 7 14 22 26.1 17.8 16.9 14.0 413 881 813 2,699 Q 14 55 154 Q 7 46 143 Q Q 15 38 Q Q 11 23 Q Q 3 9 Q 48 90 177 Q 76 121 321 Q Q 9 36 28.0 22.5 17.6 12.0 2,987 1,689 43 87 101 118 2 Q 84 110 2 Q 25 29 Q Q 18 17 Q Q Q 6 Q Q 157 153 Q Q 293 213 7 Q 32 18 Q Q 14.2 12.1 44.9 45.7 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 27 66 60 24 62 65 9 25 61 52 20 46 66 9 5 12 16 Q 18 19 Q 2 Q 8 5 14 7 Q Q 1 6 Q 3 4 Q 33 109 102 29 89 67 Q 60 163 167 27 132 113 7 5 Q 15 6 13 15 Q 21.7 16.3 17.3 23.3 13.9 16.5 55.4 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 38 27 30 12 37 105 7 Q 37 25 22 13 38 105 6 Q 5 5 Q Q 10 29 Q Q Q 2 7 2 10 13 Q Q Q 1 Q Q 2 8 Q Q 60 36 71 11 30 119 6 Q 68 59 121 9 39 206 18 Q Q 5 9 4 5 23 Q Q 24.8 22.2 19.4 33.6 15.8 14.2 48.7 126.2 2,509 4,065 206 354 78 127 220 27 43 Q 107 195 22 36 Q 25 55 11 13 Q 17 34 7 7 Q 8 12 1 3 Q 190 301 57 56 8 300 492 55 73 Q 26 48 4 5 Q 12.5 10.3 17.3 13.1 48.5 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 233 Table A60. Energy Management Practices, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Energy Management Control System: (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating Cooling Lighting Hot Water Other DSM Participation Energy Audit Building Energy Manager RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.5 2.6 0.8 0.7 1.6 Water-Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Centralized System ........................ Self-Heating Tank ........................ Heated by Space-Heating Equipment .................................... Other ............................................ Distributed System ......................... Residential-Type Storage Tank ............................................. Point-of-Use ................................. Other ............................................ 1,994 1,799 103 106 1,557 1,489 56 24 129 107 12 12 92 80 9 5 109 91 9 10 88 77 9 4 32 28 Q 2 22 16 Q Q 23 16 2 5 14 9 Q Q Q Q Q Q 7 6 172 147 14 17 121 108 12 4 264 224 23 23 204 193 9 5 32 28 Q 3 16 13 Q Q 14.1 15.6 34.1 26.6 15.1 15.0 43.9 45.0 6 4 (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 234 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A61. Energy Management Practices, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Energy Management Control System: (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating Cooling Lighting Hot Water Other DSM Participation Energy Audit Building Energy Manager RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.7 1.8 0.8 0.7 1.5 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings ............................ Air-Conditioned Buildings ............... Buildings with Water Heating ......... Buildings with Cooking ................... Buildings with Manufacturing ......... 67,876 13,412 12,489 5,162 3,897 887 11,310 14,779 2,311 11.1 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 139 290 868 1,058 1,944 2,478 3,254 3,381 136 241 730 931 1,626 2,329 3,097 3,399 Q Q 218 195 578 997 913 2,194 Q Q 161 210 324 529 840 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 152 368 321 485 1,075 1,105 1,581 1,960 2,548 2,235 623 785 1,540 1,820 2,271 2,345 2,891 2,504 Q Q 94 194 418 304 508 658 18.8 17.2 16.4 19.4 16.4 17.1 19.3 32.1 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 2,891 Q 118 918 386 1,674 4,400 Q Q Q 261 512 317 142 2,156 Q Q 936 454 1,682 4,231 Q Q Q 199 466 317 Q 504 Q Q Q Q 1,315 1,459 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 927 Q Q 225 Q Q 836 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 430 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 2,560 Q 159 911 707 1,728 2,707 Q 700 Q 402 648 221 126 2,810 Q 174 804 878 1,878 3,793 Q 807 Q 418 1,477 Q 705 482 Q Q Q Q Q 560 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 17.9 39.0 34.1 24.1 37.2 23.5 13.1 66.6 35.2 58.2 34.8 26.4 41.8 43.2 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 Q 498 790 1,166 2,448 2,994 4,211 1,196 Q 283 681 976 2,166 2,953 4,135 1,218 Q Q Q Q 563 955 2,617 543 Q Q Q 235 450 790 Q 303 Q Q Q Q Q Q 353 114 161 476 1,244 1,331 2,793 2,741 2,060 504 360 905 1,763 2,255 3,060 3,331 2,775 330 Q Q Q 308 376 790 318 56 37.2 42.0 25.2 17.3 17.5 16.1 19.3 21.7 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 2,285 4,123 4,158 2,846 1,688 3,735 4,437 2,629 787 1,190 Q 1,254 907 931 Q 519 302 259 132 193 3,436 3,279 2,600 1,994 4,136 3,944 3,810 2,890 340 647 966 359 20.3 15.6 19.2 14.6 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 13,412 9,805 4,971 2,389 1,024 313 Q 12,489 9,008 4,920 2,047 1,028 402 Q 5,162 3,462 2,126 513 340 Q Q 3,897 2,488 1,698 583 269 Q Q 887 794 477 Q Q Q Q 11,310 8,665 4,148 1,676 644 529 Q 14,734 10,911 4,533 1,899 514 810 Q 2,311 1,682 673 864 622 Q Q 11.2 10.2 14.3 19.3 24.7 31.9 46.1 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 13,412 12,933 13,323 8,753 400 12,462 12,489 12,404 8,099 328 5,134 4,990 5,118 3,698 Q 3,897 3,774 3,897 3,172 Q 878 887 887 579 Q 11,248 10,667 11,030 6,788 712 14,348 13,636 14,086 7,392 1,076 2,311 2,222 2,285 1,108 Q 11.3 11.5 11.4 16.0 30.5 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 235 Table A61. Energy Management Practices, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Energy Management Control System: (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating Cooling Lighting Hot Water Other DSM Participation Energy Audit Building Energy Manager RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.7 1.8 0.8 0.7 1.5 Floors One ................................................ Two ................................................ Three .............................................. Four to Nine ................................... Ten or More .................................... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ..................................... 5 to 9 .............................................. 10 to 19 .......................................... 20 to 49 .......................................... 50 to 99 .......................................... 100 to 249 ...................................... 250 or More .................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................................... 40 to 48 .......................................... 49 to 60 .......................................... 61 to 84 .......................................... 85 to 167 ........................................ Open Continuously ......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... Space-Heating Energy Source (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Wood .............................................. Any Other ....................................... Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Water-Heating Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... Propane .......................................... Cooking Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Propane .......................................... 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 2,854 2,939 1,813 3,393 2,413 2,659 2,662 1,619 3,249 2,301 Q 1,254 601 978 853 Q 433 540 794 846 Q 253 Q 197 291 1,686 3,025 1,958 3,073 1,567 3,070 3,842 2,571 3,407 1,889 340 332 407 769 462 19.8 15.5 19.2 16.1 23.4 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 Q 334 666 1,498 1,900 3,010 4,787 Q 273 568 1,196 1,545 2,986 4,773 Q Q Q 254 653 1,325 1,776 Q Q Q 387 349 949 1,197 Q Q Q Q Q 209 458 1,073 713 461 1,630 1,701 2,303 3,428 1,550 1,073 1,095 2,497 2,376 2,628 3,560 Q Q Q 281 561 245 789 27.3 21.3 20.0 16.9 19.1 18.3 16.4 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 476 2,317 2,679 2,796 2,065 3,080 252 2,119 2,558 2,706 1,647 3,207 Q 522 731 1,362 830 Q Q 525 360 785 525 Q Q Q 257 129 Q 162 660 1,762 1,932 2,499 2,413 2,044 1,245 2,496 2,811 3,244 2,044 2,938 Q 347 392 290 370 671 26.7 15.7 15.2 15.9 21.4 24.2 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 8,803 6,515 2,253 Q 4,610 8,651 6,408 2,243 Q 3,838 4,305 2,660 Q Q 857 2,647 1,529 Q Q 1,250 734 592 Q Q 153 7,030 5,883 1,105 Q 4,279 10,274 8,475 1,753 Q 4,505 1,534 1,398 129 Q 777 13.3 10.9 28.9 29.8 15.5 25,636 38,524 7,334 5,242 1,568 504 661 6,142 7,707 1,747 2,349 Q Q Q 6,142 7,295 1,502 2,040 Q Q Q 3,164 2,721 319 492 Q Q Q Q 1,971 663 550 Q Q Q 365 536 Q Q Q Q Q 4,570 7,325 2,042 1,607 188 Q Q 6,331 8,765 2,248 1,880 222 Q Q 747 1,340 200 864 Q Q Q 17.4 11.5 20.5 19.6 50.4 37.4 98.0 54,628 1,906 2,066 12,115 413 1,024 11,656 443 1,028 4,697 Q 340 3,465 Q 269 882 Q Q 10,015 461 644 13,101 629 514 1,773 Q 622 11.7 41.5 24.7 25,482 29,962 2,470 3,308 659 5,493 6,438 421 1,799 Q 5,494 5,892 227 1,586 Q 2,990 2,073 Q 354 Q Q 1,607 Q 423 Q 287 491 Q Q Q 3,830 6,124 616 1,135 Q 5,518 7,085 776 1,378 Q 632 1,242 Q 445 Q 17.0 11.6 37.4 24.5 59.1 12,183 15,233 1,039 5,455 5,300 Q 5,183 4,802 Q 2,784 1,836 Q 2,142 1,737 Q 306 448 Q 3,729 4,906 231 3,562 5,155 358 429 784 Q 21.4 15.7 49.2 See footnotes at end of table. 236 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A61. Energy Management Practices, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Energy Management Control System: (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating Cooling Lighting Hot Water Other DSM Participation Energy Audit Building Energy Manager RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.7 1.8 0.8 0.7 1.5 Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ..................................... 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Open Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Percent Lit when Closed Not Lit ............................................. 1 to 50 ............................................ 51 to 99 .......................................... 100 ................................................. Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................................... Furnaces ........................................ Individual Space Heaters ............... District Heat .................................... Boilers ............................................ Packaged Heating Units ................. Other .............................................. Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .............................. Heat Pumps ................................... Individual Air Conditioners ............. District Chilled Water ...................... Central Chillers ............................... Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ............................................... Swamp Coolers .............................. Other .............................................. Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent .................................. Standard Fluorescent ..................... Compact Fluorescent ..................... High-Intensity Discharge ................ Other .............................................. 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 Q 644 2,631 10,138 Q 682 2,358 9,422 Q 513 1,017 3,604 Q Q 749 2,847 Q Q 297 466 Q 1,360 1,878 8,010 512 1,707 2,709 9,852 Q 323 289 1,699 43.5 35.9 17.1 12.9 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 479 2,072 4,634 6,228 Q 1,459 4,570 6,461 Q 727 1,417 2,846 Q 601 1,138 Q Q Q 400 316 643 3,141 3,605 3,920 1,143 4,763 4,251 4,622 Q 635 489 1,098 26.4 21.0 14.5 17.1 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 Q 331 4,293 8,764 Q 256 3,781 8,448 Q 76 2,141 2,944 Q Q Q 1,913 Q Q 288 550 Q 1,018 3,058 7,232 Q 1,312 3,996 9,411 Q Q 348 1,688 26.9 26.9 23.7 10.0 34,486 31,482 1,021 887 5,410 7,672 254 Q 5,050 7,095 276 Q 2,291 2,772 Q Q 2,140 1,724 Q Q 351 511 Q Q 4,414 6,492 Q Q 6,427 7,909 328 Q 1,189 1,022 Q Q 17.4 11.9 44.2 48.0 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 1,789 1,501 4,473 2,349 6,709 3,372 427 1,865 1,404 4,307 2,040 6,163 3,282 427 664 564 1,616 492 2,658 1,641 Q 364 Q 645 550 2,627 813 Q 162 Q 399 Q 495 422 Q 1,568 2,325 4,194 1,607 5,475 3,063 Q 2,295 2,772 5,725 1,880 6,211 3,568 414 355 Q 758 864 863 536 Q 19.3 16.6 13.4 19.6 17.5 15.3 41.6 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 1,216 1,648 3,028 1,024 7,088 5,858 423 Q 1,254 1,729 2,473 1,028 7,255 5,648 412 Q 246 581 Q 340 3,059 2,217 Q Q Q 327 Q 269 2,624 1,196 Q Q Q 159 Q Q 362 502 Q Q 1,687 1,578 3,362 644 4,419 4,951 197 Q 1,732 2,261 4,490 514 5,027 7,052 363 Q Q 359 408 622 836 1,020 Q Q 19.9 19.1 25.7 24.7 17.5 11.5 40.5 93.7 39,221 62,074 8,336 17,570 1,612 8,456 13,279 3,450 5,343 371 7,833 12,379 3,358 4,970 344 2,901 5,146 1,615 2,277 159 2,308 3,857 1,153 1,641 Q 746 886 277 627 Q 8,577 11,161 3,657 5,238 340 9,683 14,501 3,422 5,745 439 1,586 2,298 623 874 Q 10.7 11.3 16.0 13.3 42.7 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 237 Table A61. Energy Management Practices, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Energy Management Control System: (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating Cooling Lighting Hot Water Other DSM Participation Energy Audit Building Energy Manager RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.7 1.8 0.8 0.7 1.5 Water-Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Centralized System ........................ Self-Heating Tank ........................ Heated by Space-Heating Equipment .................................... Other ............................................ Distributed System ......................... Residential-Type Storage Tank ............................................. Point-of-Use ................................. Other ............................................ 31,599 24,464 3,722 4,032 29,502 25,809 3,367 1,259 8,669 5,662 1,611 1,697 6,253 4,491 Q 496 7,911 5,253 1,352 1,566 6,098 4,330 Q 492 2,945 2,420 260 345 3,231 1,919 Q 268 3,016 2,063 419 572 Q 794 Q Q 583 324 Q 137 367 340 Q Q 6,484 4,637 832 1,224 4,944 3,745 1,014 410 8,229 5,654 1,322 1,483 6,660 5,761 794 453 1,561 1,057 Q 372 818 636 Q Q 15.7 19.0 26.6 20.4 16.4 13.8 59.5 36.7 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 238 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A62. Reduction in Equipment Use During Off Hours, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating Cooling Hot Water Lighting Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.5 0.8 1.8 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... 4,806 3,400 2,872 578 4,089 547 4.7 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 1,845 746 469 181 88 49 16 5 1,499 635 417 169 83 47 15 5 277 127 97 40 24 10 4 1 2,248 857 569 234 98 61 18 5 299 112 83 26 13 11 3 1 6.5 6.0 7.1 10.0 9.0 11.8 14.5 22.5 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 274 76 209 42 Q 1,056 628 12 222 16 350 368 26 111 231 74 215 45 Q 800 621 10 182 Q 275 287 24 88 57 Q 52 Q Q 153 84 Q 56 Q 62 41 Q 40 300 100 241 51 Q 1,203 722 15 269 19 362 591 50 151 32 Q 78 Q Q 175 115 Q 23 Q 24 56 Q 16 10.1 20.0 10.2 21.5 14.5 6.7 7.8 40.1 10.3 36.2 12.7 10.0 23.8 12.8 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 125 194 513 632 539 702 604 90 100 147 418 540 453 607 532 74 26 29 101 103 102 101 104 12 154 225 619 752 653 838 745 104 19 28 68 97 63 149 109 15 16.7 14.7 8.8 7.7 8.2 7.8 7.7 18.2 771 1,202 1,963 870 570 834 1,386 609 434 628 1,310 500 150 113 176 139 671 1,034 1,647 737 125 113 174 135 9.8 10.5 7.6 12.3 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 3,398 2,140 450 63 20 274 130 2,872 1,872 298 60 20 196 47 578 353 102 13 4 55 Q 4,079 2,400 500 75 23 304 139 547 327 71 6 Q 66 Q 4.7 6.4 11.9 16.1 26.0 15.8 17.2 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 239 Table A62. Reduction in Equipment Use During Off Hours, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating Cooling Hot Water Lighting Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.5 0.8 1.8 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........................................... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ................................. Floors One .................................................. Two .................................................. Three ............................................... Four to Nine ..................................... Ten or More ..................................... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................... Owner Occupied ............................ Nonowner Occupied ...................... Unoccupied .................................... Government Owned ......................... Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... Propane ........................................... Wood ............................................... Any Other ......................................... Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... District Chilled Water ....................... 4,178 3,502 3,502 734 121 3,400 2,804 2,745 560 98 2,821 2,872 2,425 532 78 557 445 578 160 20 3,768 3,168 3,125 639 111 523 446 452 132 30 4.8 4.8 4.9 7.4 18.1 3,007 1,154 446 186 13 2,074 888 309 120 9 1,733 752 265 112 9 316 169 61 29 4 2,528 1,021 380 151 9 337 124 63 22 2 6.3 5.8 10.3 13.8 20.4 2,718 895 561 405 130 64 31 1,733 734 448 318 99 47 21 1,336 659 413 305 92 46 22 268 110 90 63 30 11 6 2,170 841 521 362 117 54 25 236 139 91 49 19 8 5 6.8 6.3 8.1 7.5 10.0 11.7 14.0 1,039 1,278 1,004 645 478 362 656 1,044 824 535 340 Q 485 884 700 471 333 Q 144 152 113 89 80 Q 809 1,247 968 621 444 Q 57 160 157 99 74 Q 9.0 6.5 6.7 6.3 9.2 10.1 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 2,991 2,332 613 46 408 2,550 1,960 557 34 321 505 395 82 28 73 3,596 2,785 743 68 494 495 372 117 Q 52 4.8 5.2 8.1 18.6 8.8 1,107 2,276 394 91 217 68 Q 830 1,890 345 60 192 61 Q 758 1,631 216 57 133 Q Q 155 281 73 12 29 Q Q 940 2,088 374 72 206 64 Q 131 278 59 6 39 Q Q 7.7 6.7 13.8 16.3 20.9 28.8 NF 3,404 106 28 2,722 87 20 2,790 87 20 438 10 4 3,077 100 23 430 21 Q 4.8 13.6 26.0 See footnotes at end of table. 240 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A62. Reduction in Equipment Use During Off Hours, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating Cooling Hot Water Lighting Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.5 0.8 1.8 Water-Heating Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... Propane ........................................... Cooking Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Propane ........................................... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent Lit when Open Not Lit .............................................. 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent Lit when Closed Not Lit .............................................. 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ..................................... Furnaces .......................................... Individual Space Heaters ................. District Heat ..................................... Boilers .............................................. Packaged Heating Units .................. Other ................................................ Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .............................. Heat Pumps ..................................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Central Chillers ................................ Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ................................................ Swamp Coolers ............................... Other ................................................ 1,696 1,647 126 38 80 1,341 1,286 103 22 62 1,186 1,163 73 19 47 298 239 39 6 17 1,539 1,450 119 27 70 214 210 20 Q Q 5.7 7.6 19.0 21.4 26.8 356 431 70 260 340 49 252 320 48 71 91 20 306 370 63 74 70 Q 10.2 9.7 22.2 653 688 618 2,846 Q 581 525 2,280 53 427 452 1,939 22 94 78 385 340 626 561 2,562 24 79 102 342 17.1 8.9 8.2 5.1 1,304 1,176 658 1,668 596 964 517 1,323 Q 1,001 535 1,335 133 172 77 195 922 1,090 580 1,498 101 156 101 189 8.7 6.3 8.5 6.6 413 881 813 2,699 67 645 648 2,040 41 498 562 1,771 30 84 114 350 101 802 752 2,434 Q 82 121 338 17.0 7.7 7.2 5.4 2,987 1,689 43 87 1,884 1,435 32 49 1,475 1,326 30 41 322 238 Q Q 2,345 1,662 34 48 286 253 Q Q 6.1 5.6 22.6 23.2 449 1,692 1,464 93 624 870 42 335 1,437 1,187 61 477 721 30 328 1,191 881 59 388 712 27 64 199 154 13 127 131 Q 392 1,575 1,289 73 546 795 36 43 215 200 6 88 122 Q 12.0 6.8 7.6 16.1 6.6 9.4 32.7 816 454 1,023 28 142 1,459 179 8 673 337 787 20 103 1,178 149 Q 687 334 825 20 106 1,214 152 Q 86 63 123 4 28 187 23 Q 757 397 899 23 118 1,331 167 8 98 43 138 Q 16 195 27 Q 10.2 11.9 7.6 26.0 13.2 7.0 24.6 59.2 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 241 Table A62. Reduction in Equipment Use During Off Hours, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating Cooling Hot Water Lighting Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.5 0.8 1.8 Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent ................................... Standard Fluorescent ...................... Compact Fluorescent ....................... High-Intensity Discharge .................. Other ................................................ Water-Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Centralized System .......................... Self-Heating Tank .......................... Heated by Space-Heating Equipment ..................................... Other .............................................. Distributed System ........................... Residential-Type Storage Tank .............................................. Point-of-Use Heaters ..................... Other .............................................. Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............. Building Shell ................................... HVAC ............................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ............................................ Cooling ............................................. Hot Water ......................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ 2,509 4,065 206 354 78 1,862 3,144 157 258 66 1,559 2,696 139 229 61 331 520 36 43 8 2,231 3,709 174 316 76 334 522 42 53 21 5.8 4.6 13.3 8.4 19.4 1,994 1,799 103 106 1,557 1,489 56 24 1,550 1,405 84 69 1,233 1,188 42 12 1,345 1,215 72 63 1,111 1,069 41 10 332 292 18 26 258 246 11 2 1,788 1,623 92 82 1,379 1,327 45 16 299 277 19 4 157 153 7 Q 7.9 8.5 18.8 20.5 8.1 8.4 17.0 23.3 4,357 4,223 2,604 1,178 264 3,243 3,146 2,046 907 215 2,761 2,683 1,807 813 179 568 555 377 189 38 3,812 3,698 2,327 1,036 229 523 508 327 163 42 4.9 5.0 5.3 6.5 12.2 3,400 2,872 578 4,089 547 3,400 2,736 544 3,349 486 2,736 2,872 435 2,827 407 544 435 578 574 106 3,349 2,827 574 4,089 541 486 407 106 541 547 4.9 4.9 7.7 4.7 10.1 NF = No applicable RSE row factor. Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 242 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A63. Reduction in Equipment Use During Off Hours, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating Cooling Hot Water Lighting Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.9 All Buildings ..................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 .................................. 5,001 to 10,000 ................................ 10,001 to 25,000 .............................. 25,001 to 50,000 .............................. 50,001 to 100,000 ............................ 100,001 to 200,000 .......................... 200,001 to 500,000 .......................... Over 500,000 ................................... Principal Building Activity Education ......................................... Food Sales ....................................... Food Service ................................... Health Care ...................................... Lodging ............................................ Mercantile and Service .................... Office ............................................... Parking Garage ................................ Public Assembly .............................. Public Order and Safety ................... Religious Worship ............................ Warehouse and Storage .................. Other ................................................ Vacant .............................................. Year Constructed 1899 or Before ................................. 1900 to 1919 .................................... 1920 to 1945 .................................... 1946 to 1959 .................................... 1960 to 1969 .................................... 1970 to 1979 .................................... 1980 to 1989 .................................... 1990 to 1992 .................................... Census Region Northeast ......................................... Midwest ............................................ South ............................................... West ................................................. Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Propane ........................................... Any Other ......................................... 67,876 46,248 42,768 9,966 54,944 7,996 4.7 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 5,109 5,502 7,504 6,566 6,191 6,622 4,637 4,118 4,160 4,691 6,690 6,097 5,824 6,368 4,643 4,295 813 968 1,546 1,463 1,664 1,353 1,210 949 6,183 6,328 9,130 8,460 6,850 8,245 5,300 4,448 839 803 1,333 872 935 1,435 817 962 7.0 5.9 6.8 10.2 8.9 11.5 14.6 21.4 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 7,703 359 1,165 420 Q 10,411 10,221 224 2,856 158 3,467 6,828 512 1,853 6,846 352 1,177 440 Q 9,412 10,153 180 2,562 Q 2,967 6,283 603 1,555 2,567 Q 277 Q Q 1,831 2,179 Q 738 Q 553 1,012 Q 457 8,368 529 1,370 477 Q 11,888 11,612 360 3,299 188 3,628 9,796 829 2,453 1,117 Q 435 Q Q 1,684 2,052 Q 229 Q 183 1,334 Q 681 8.8 23.0 12.1 20.7 17.2 11.1 7.5 40.7 15.6 31.8 16.0 13.2 22.8 20.2 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 1,231 2,571 5,927 7,385 8,816 9,221 9,235 1,862 1,047 2,183 5,264 6,666 8,373 8,756 8,776 1,703 193 433 1,345 1,447 2,070 1,947 2,153 380 1,615 3,158 7,275 8,738 10,456 10,971 10,724 2,007 182 644 1,138 1,199 1,142 1,711 1,589 390 16.6 20.4 14.5 9.3 10.5 7.4 10.3 16.0 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 9,784 11,672 15,849 8,943 8,647 10,289 15,770 8,062 3,239 1,513 3,068 2,146 11,022 13,927 19,511 10,483 2,092 1,101 2,784 2,019 11.7 8.7 7.4 8.8 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 46,241 33,985 8,778 2,877 1,058 2,420 1,182 42,768 31,820 8,045 2,703 1,061 2,039 824 9,966 7,212 3,172 597 326 630 Q 54,790 38,038 9,855 3,208 1,149 2,719 1,285 7,996 5,361 1,546 474 Q 564 Q 4.8 5.9 8.9 15.2 21.7 15.8 28.9 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 243 Table A63. Reduction in Equipment Use During Off Hours, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating Cooling Hot Water Lighting Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.9 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Heated Buildings .............................. Air-Conditioned Buildings ................ Buildings with Water Heating ........................................... Buildings with Cooking ..................... Buildings with Manufacturing ................................. Floors One .................................................. Two .................................................. Three ............................................... Four to Nine ..................................... Ten or More ..................................... Workers (main shift) Less than 5 ...................................... 5 to 9 ................................................ 10 to 19 ............................................ 20 to 49 ............................................ 50 to 99 ............................................ 100 to 249 ........................................ 250 or More ..................................... Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer ...................................... 40 to 48 ............................................ 49 to 60 ............................................ 61 to 84 ............................................ 85 to 167 .......................................... Open Continuously .......................... Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................... Owner Occupied ............................ Nonowner Occupied ...................... Unoccupied .................................... Government Owned ......................... Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... Propane ........................................... Wood ............................................... Any Other ......................................... Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... District Chilled Water ....................... 61,996 57,041 58,479 23,065 3,174 46,248 41,926 42,817 15,994 2,453 42,090 42,768 40,185 15,633 2,277 9,854 8,831 9,966 4,555 438 51,638 47,342 48,476 17,764 2,703 7,839 7,291 7,424 2,854 712 4.9 5.1 5.0 8.1 16.0 25,424 18,025 9,877 10,377 4,173 17,330 14,059 6,751 5,181 2,927 15,529 12,948 6,435 4,887 2,968 2,961 2,892 1,503 1,513 1,098 21,177 15,994 8,169 6,520 3,085 3,303 2,071 1,008 957 657 7.0 7.3 9.8 12.3 18.8 17,944 7,524 8,077 10,556 7,763 7,378 8,633 9,628 5,842 5,649 8,030 6,026 5,194 5,878 7,658 5,193 5,169 7,747 5,799 5,108 6,095 1,602 904 1,216 1,724 1,366 1,363 1,791 12,716 6,833 7,168 9,110 6,733 5,861 6,523 1,151 1,055 1,067 1,235 1,234 1,054 1,199 8.6 8.3 9.2 8.4 12.5 13.8 14.0 8,246 14,998 14,046 12,062 8,467 10,057 5,241 11,764 12,021 10,403 6,819 Q 4,078 10,698 11,114 10,219 6,660 Q 1,500 2,409 2,356 2,277 1,425 Q 6,324 14,685 13,832 11,916 8,187 Q 695 1,877 2,284 2,062 1,078 Q 11.9 7.0 7.0 10.4 11.6 17.6 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 35,676 26,466 8,684 526 10,572 33,041 24,214 8,430 398 9,727 7,052 5,029 1,765 258 2,914 43,036 31,884 10,338 814 11,908 6,228 4,231 1,939 Q 1,767 5.3 4.8 10.5 21.8 8.9 15,502 35,161 4,415 5,014 1,101 257 546 10,439 27,746 3,707 2,659 955 218 525 9,788 25,608 2,935 2,489 734 Q Q 2,604 5,139 1,300 564 170 Q Q 11,948 30,879 4,004 2,971 1,049 242 546 1,913 4,426 680 458 276 Q Q 8.8 6.8 15.7 16.0 23.2 24.0 58.7 54,628 1,906 2,066 40,349 1,329 1,058 41,173 1,320 1,061 8,479 186 326 45,643 1,534 1,149 7,000 501 Q 5.2 20.0 21.7 See footnotes at end of table. 244 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A63. Reduction in Equipment Use During Off Hours, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating Cooling Hot Water Lighting Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.9 Water-Heating Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Fuel Oil ............................................ District Heat ..................................... Propane ........................................... Cooking Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ......................................... Natural Gas ...................................... Propane ........................................... Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ....................................... 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent Lit when Open Not Lit .............................................. 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Percent Lit when Closed Not Lit .............................................. 1 to 50 .............................................. 51 to 99 ............................................ 100 ................................................... Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ..................................... Furnaces .......................................... Individual Space Heaters ................. District Heat ..................................... Boilers .............................................. Packaged Heating Units .................. Other ................................................ Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners .............................. Heat Pumps ..................................... Individual Air Conditioners .................................... District Chilled Water ....................... Central Chillers ................................ Packaged Air-Conditioning Units ................................................ Swamp Coolers ............................... Other ................................................ 25,482 29,962 2,470 3,308 659 18,864 21,990 2,008 1,739 557 18,052 20,532 1,623 1,651 454 4,279 4,908 964 387 270 22,061 24,389 2,107 1,980 581 3,497 3,609 367 Q Q 7.6 6.9 20.9 20.0 31.1 12,183 15,233 1,039 8,627 10,693 729 8,325 10,612 710 2,430 2,985 288 9,461 11,858 820 1,811 1,631 Q 12.0 10.1 29.0 6,211 11,195 10,211 40,260 Q 8,552 8,053 29,493 771 7,616 7,616 26,765 115 1,340 1,926 6,585 3,551 9,474 8,837 33,082 156 1,725 1,765 4,350 22.6 13.5 9.0 5.1 10,835 21,715 13,872 21,454 4,322 16,548 10,204 15,174 Q 16,782 10,766 15,221 1,135 3,304 2,410 3,117 7,602 18,829 11,369 17,144 704 3,095 1,993 2,204 10.5 8.0 9.4 7.0 3,280 9,980 14,224 40,393 549 7,112 10,292 28,295 376 6,132 9,896 26,364 261 941 2,617 6,147 931 9,075 11,767 33,171 Q 1,117 1,611 5,205 21.0 10.5 8.2 5.9 34,486 31,482 1,021 887 17,880 27,215 748 405 15,259 26,285 827 398 3,706 5,934 Q Q 22,449 31,126 903 466 2,900 4,871 Q Q 6.6 5.8 22.4 25.8 8,269 16,909 22,380 5,225 20,664 16,000 903 5,587 14,148 16,889 2,830 14,367 12,862 564 5,605 12,673 15,017 2,663 13,369 12,835 542 1,275 1,850 2,635 586 4,512 2,623 Q 6,607 15,547 18,578 3,146 16,319 14,078 647 754 2,412 3,427 474 2,301 2,221 Q 10.5 8.2 7.5 15.3 7.5 9.6 29.3 9,021 8,406 17,979 2,066 12,991 27,830 2,085 268 7,011 5,753 11,708 1,058 7,870 20,867 1,614 Q 7,147 5,822 12,112 1,061 8,233 21,335 1,639 Q 1,126 1,330 2,306 326 2,525 4,190 253 Q 7,900 6,732 13,493 1,149 8,883 23,440 1,758 237 1,102 773 2,177 Q 1,575 3,983 Q Q 9.3 10.3 10.4 21.7 10.1 6.5 24.9 52.1 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 245 Table A63. Reduction in Equipment Use During Off Hours, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings Heating Cooling Hot Water Lighting Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.9 Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent ................................... Standard Fluorescent ...................... Compact Fluorescent ....................... High-Intensity Discharge .................. Other ................................................ Water-Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Centralized System .......................... Self-Heating Tank .......................... Heated by Space-Heating Equipment ..................................... Other .............................................. Distributed System ........................... Residential-Type Storage Tank .............................................. Point-of-Use Heaters ..................... Other .............................................. Energy Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Any Conservation Features ............. Building Shell ................................... HVAC ............................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ............................................ Cooling ............................................. Hot Water ......................................... Lighting ............................................ Other ................................................ 39,221 62,074 8,336 17,570 1,612 27,823 44,726 5,812 12,443 1,208 25,769 41,757 5,617 11,986 1,150 6,665 9,483 1,659 3,081 158 32,756 51,840 6,317 14,013 1,325 4,989 7,831 1,170 2,170 228 6.0 4.8 11.5 9.5 20.2 31,599 24,464 3,722 4,032 29,502 25,809 3,367 1,259 21,660 16,996 2,410 2,435 22,288 20,255 1,932 723 20,206 15,694 2,303 2,379 21,047 19,122 1,849 688 5,736 4,453 604 754 4,556 4,167 332 151 25,008 19,951 2,577 2,723 24,757 22,633 2,009 767 4,100 3,368 484 264 3,618 3,312 Q Q 6.6 7.7 19.4 16.6 7.8 7.9 29.1 24.3 64,403 62,056 50,281 29,453 5,952 45,323 44,055 36,041 20,997 4,236 42,049 40,921 34,136 20,334 3,851 9,901 9,745 8,391 4,955 982 52,836 51,227 40,914 23,627 4,467 7,887 7,741 5,783 3,616 783 4.9 4.9 4.9 6.6 10.0 46,248 42,768 9,966 54,944 7,996 46,248 40,965 9,705 45,945 7,182 40,965 42,768 8,608 42,420 6,617 9,705 8,608 9,966 9,929 2,040 45,945 42,420 9,929 54,944 7,957 7,182 6,617 2,040 7,957 7,996 4.9 5.2 7.1 4.6 12.2 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 246 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A64. Participation in Lighting Demand-Side Management (DSM) Program, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Type of Lighting Assistance (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings with Any DSM Programs All Buildings with Lighting DSM Programs General Information Site-Specific Information Incentives Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.3 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.8 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... 4,806 315 228 73 98 105 30 10.2 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 103 66 68 30 23 14 9 2 75 47 46 25 16 9 8 2 18 17 14 10 7 3 3 1 32 26 20 10 5 2 2 1 36 24 18 11 8 4 3 1 Q Q Q Q Q 3 2 Q 17.8 18.8 16.7 18.1 16.9 20.1 21.2 22.2 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 54 Q 24 11 21 50 62 Q 24 Q 15 24 Q 7 37 Q 18 10 18 40 47 Q 14 Q Q 17 Q Q 16 Q Q Q Q 14 21 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 14 Q Q Q Q 18 26 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 24 Q Q 6 Q 15 17 Q Q Q Q 9 Q Q 5 Q Q Q Q Q 6 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 19.3 38.9 25.7 35.0 30.4 22.6 16.8 67.6 22.1 53.3 31.1 29.4 46.5 36.4 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 12 18 45 55 53 74 51 7 9 14 36 42 39 53 31 4 Q Q 11 16 8 15 10 2 Q Q 18 11 14 24 18 1 Q Q 17 16 25 24 12 Q Q Q Q Q 4 8 5 Q 39.5 34.5 24.3 18.6 19.8 17.7 20.5 35.2 771 1,202 1,963 870 99 68 72 75 85 49 44 50 30 14 10 19 41 10 22 25 45 32 7 21 9 4 10 8 18.3 21.8 20.7 20.9 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 315 195 65 30 11 18 Q 228 144 50 21 6 14 Q 73 55 16 4 Q Q Q 98 55 25 9 4 Q Q 105 69 20 14 Q Q Q 30 19 6 3 Q Q Q 10.2 12.3 18.1 25.1 40.5 35.7 33.3 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 247 Table A64. Participation in Lighting Demand-Side Management (DSM) Program, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Continued) (Thousand) Type of Lighting Assistance (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings with Any DSM Programs All Buildings with Lighting DSM Programs General Information Site-Specific Information Incentives Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.3 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.8 Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... 4,206 3,192 817 197 599 229 199 27 Q 86 165 146 19 Q 62 50 42 8 Q 22 75 68 7 Q 23 79 73 7 Q 25 19 17 Q Q 11 11.9 12.5 24.9 30.5 17.8 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 248 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A65. Participation in Lighting Demand-Side Management (DSM) Program, Floorspace, 1992 (Million Square Feet) Type of Lighting Assistance (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings with Any DSM Programs All Buildings with Lighting DSM Programs General Information Site-Specific Information Incentives Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.1 2.1 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... 67,876 11,310 8,805 3,168 2,691 3,785 1,946 9.3 7,327 7,199 10,375 10,069 8,062 9,678 7,889 7,278 321 485 1,075 1,105 1,581 1,960 2,548 2,235 225 345 704 951 1,128 1,235 2,247 1,970 60 130 225 373 501 468 854 557 94 188 302 385 357 322 544 499 113 175 298 427 549 584 1,018 620 Q Q Q Q Q 390 445 Q 18.9 19.0 16.9 18.2 17.5 20.5 21.7 21.6 8,470 757 1,491 1,763 2,891 12,402 12,319 1,652 4,556 820 3,747 11,484 1,130 4,396 2,560 Q 159 911 707 1,728 2,707 Q 700 Q 402 648 221 126 1,933 Q 112 715 515 1,482 2,062 Q 432 Q Q 537 194 Q 791 Q Q Q Q 368 924 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 608 Q Q Q Q 292 888 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1,083 Q Q 343 Q 311 901 Q Q Q Q 256 Q Q 293 Q Q Q Q Q 347 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 19.9 39.4 30.8 25.3 34.7 26.2 13.0 67.3 34.2 58.8 39.7 25.1 43.5 37.8 1,721 3,608 8,712 10,421 12,612 14,014 14,287 2,502 161 476 1,244 1,331 2,793 2,741 2,060 504 144 374 871 1,105 2,236 2,314 1,359 402 Q Q 364 420 528 943 514 255 Q Q 270 233 655 655 497 142 Q Q 431 489 869 984 589 131 Q Q Q Q 991 424 161 Q 34.5 35.6 22.6 21.9 20.3 16.3 17.3 26.0 13,400 17,280 24,577 12,619 3,436 3,279 2,600 1,994 3,014 2,620 1,740 1,431 1,018 1,068 562 520 1,001 537 559 594 1,597 1,039 433 715 Q 448 478 310 16.2 18.9 17.6 14.8 66,549 45,097 13,218 5,339 2,066 3,393 1,551 11,310 8,665 4,148 1,676 644 529 Q 8,805 6,855 3,410 1,305 479 427 Q 3,168 2,494 1,173 497 Q Q Q 2,691 2,046 1,148 349 139 Q Q 3,785 2,831 1,653 747 124 Q Q 1,946 1,602 669 391 Q Q Q 9.3 11.2 13.0 20.0 31.2 33.6 46.6 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 249 Table A65. Participation in Lighting Demand-Side Management (DSM) Program, Floorspace, 1992 (Continued) (Million Square Feet) Type of Lighting Assistance (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings with Any DSM Programs All Buildings with Lighting DSM Programs General Information Site-Specific Information Incentives Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.4 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.1 2.1 Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned ................. Owner Occupied .......................... Nonowner Occupied ..................... Unoccupied .................................. Government Owned ....................... 52,752 38,403 12,273 2,077 15,124 7,030 5,883 1,105 Q 4,279 5,492 4,691 772 Q 3,313 1,994 1,755 239 Q 1,174 1,829 1,617 183 Q 862 2,418 2,077 341 Q 1,366 946 849 Q Q 1,000 9.2 9.6 23.8 30.2 17.6 Q = Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Notes: • To obtain a RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the cell’s corresponding RSE column and RSE row factors. • See Glossary for explanation of abbreviations and definitions of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Marketsand End Use, Form EIA-871A, "Building Questionnaire," 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey. 250 Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 Table A66. Participation in Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Demand-Side Management (DSM) Program, Number of Buildings, 1992 (Thousand) Type of HVAC Assistance (more than one may apply) Building Characteristics All Buildings All Buildings with Any DSM Programs All Buildings with HVAC DSM Programs General Information Site-Specific Information Incentives Other RSE Row Factor RSE Column Factor: 0.3 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.5 All Buildings ................................... Building Floorspace (square feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ................................ 5,001 to 10,000 .............................. 10,001 to 25,000 ............................ 25,001 to 50,000 ............................ 50,001 to 100,000 .......................... 100,001 to 200,000 ........................ 200,001 to 500,000 ........................ Over 500,000 ................................. Principal Building Activity Education ....................................... Food Sales ..................................... Food Service ................................. Health Care .................................... Lodging .......................................... Mercantile and Service ................... Office .............................................. Parking Garage .............................. Public Assembly ............................. Public Order and Safety ................. Religious Worship .......................... Warehouse and Storage ................ Other .............................................. Vacant ............................................ Year Constructed 1899 or Before ............................... 1900 to 1919 .................................. 1920 to 1945 .................................. 1946 to 1959 .................................. 1960 to 1969 .................................. 1970 to 1979 .................................. 1980 to 1989 .................................. 1990 to 1992 .................................. Census Region Northeast ........................................ Midwest .......................................... South .............................................. West ............................................... Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity ........................................ Natural Gas .................................... Fuel Oil ........................................... District Heat .................................... District Chilled Water ...................... Propane .......................................... Any Other ....................................... 4,806 315 154 56 60 48 43 10.5 2,681 975 647 280 116 71 26 9 103 66 68 30 23 14 9 2 46 30 36 14 12 9 5 2 20 Q 11 Q 4 4 2 (*) 18 Q 16 6 4 3 2 1 20 Q Q Q 2 3 1 1 Q Q 11 Q 4 4 2 (*) 18.9 17.9 17.7 19.5 19.5 19.7 25.2 27.0 301 130 260 63 154 1,272 749 24 278 60 366 761 69 319 54 Q 24 11 21 50 62 Q 24 Q 15 24 Q 7 32 Q Q 4 8 21 27 Q 15 Q Q 13 Q Q 10 Q Q Q Q Q 13 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 8 Q Q Q Q 12 12 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 17 Q Q Q Q Q 5 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 7 Q Q 2 Q Q 8 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 22.0 41.5 26.7 32.1 34.2 22.8 19.5 72.2 24.1 56.9 33.2 28.7 49.6 38.9 169 255 724 880 783 982 884 128 12 18 45 55 53 74 51 7 Q 7 14 24 29 43 27 Q Q Q 8 6 8 19 8 1 Q Q Q Q 10 14 15 Q Q Q Q 10 10 6 12 Q Q Q Q 4 8 12 8 Q 39.9 37.3 26.8 22.2 22.6 20.1 21.3 40.4 771 1,202 1,963 870 99 68 72 75 30 33 49 41 11 13 18 14 13 10 19 19 7 9 13 19 11 10 9 13 21.1 19.1 21.5 20.5 4,616 2,665 559 95 28 337 163 315 195 65 30 11 18 Q 154 92 32 16 6 8 Q 56 38 7 4 Q Q Q 60 33 13 8 Q Q Q 48 31 4 6 Q Q Q 43 27 11 5 Q Q Q 10.4 11.6 21.5 28.9 46.4 40.2 35.5 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Commercial Buildings Characteristrics 1992 251 Table A66. Participation in Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Demand-Side Management (DSM) Program,