Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures

DOE/EIA-0321(93) Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 October 1995 This publication and other Energy Information Administration (EIA) publications may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. All telephone orders should be directed to: U.S. Government Printing Office McPherson Square Bookstore 1510 H Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20005 (202) 653-2050 FAX (202) 376-5055 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., eastern time, M-F All mail orders should be directed to: U.S. Government Printing Office P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954 Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402 (202) 783-3238 FAX (202) 512-2233 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., eastern time, M-F Complimentary subscriptions and single issues are available to certain groups of subscribers, such as public and academic libraries, Federal, State, local and foreign governments, EIA survey respondents, and the media. For further information and for answers to questions on energy statistics, please contact EIA's National Energy Information Center. Address, telephone numbers, and hours of operation are as follows: National Energy Information Center, EI-231 Energy Information Administration Forrestal Building, Room 1F-048 Washington, DC 20585 (202) 586-8800 Telecommunications Device for the Hearing Impaired Only: (202) 586-1181 Option: TDD, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., eastern time, M-F Internet: INFOCTR@EIA.DOE.GOV or Home Page http://www.eia.doe.gov Released for Printing: Contacts This publication was prepared by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) under the general direction of W. Calvin Kilgore, Director of the Office of Energy Markets and End Use (202-586-1617). The project was directed by Lynda T. Carlson, Director of the Office of Energy End Use and Integrated Statistics Division (EEUISD) (202-586-1112) and Nancy L. Leach, Chief of the Residential and Commercial Branch (202-586-1114). Specific technical information may be obtained from the Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) Manager, Wendel Thompson (202-586-1119). The FAX number for all EEUISD personnel is 202-586-0018. Detailed technical questions on the topics indicated may be referred to the following members of the EEUISD: Joelle Davis Appendix D 202-586-8952 jdavis@eia.doe.gov 202-586-1385 rlatta@eia.doe.gov 202-586-2453 mlaurenc@eia.doe.gov 202-586-1133 vmoorhea@eia.doe.gov 202-586-5891 lowens@eia.doe.gov 202-586-1124 hramseur@eia.doe.gov 202-586-5841 nsmith@eia.doe.gov 202-586-1119 wthompso@eia.doe.gov Robert Latta End-Use Estimates, Sampling Design, Sampling Variances Expenditures Adjustments, Demand-Side Management, Detailed Statistical Tables, Glossary Table Production Michael Laurence Vicki Moorhead Linda Owens Weather Adjustments, Main Space-Heating Fuel, All-Electric Homes Related Statistical Publications, Figures Hattie Ramseur Nanno Smith Public-Use Data, Computer Systems Design Wendel Thompson RECS Manager, Consumption, New Homes Data in these reports are in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. A suggested citation is “U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993" or “U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey.” Support was received from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families (ACF) and the Office of Minority Economic Impact in the U.S. Department of Energy for special components of the survey. See Appendix A for a description of the information collected for the ACF. Public-Use Data Diskettes containing RECS data are available through the Office of Scientific and Technical Information and the National Technical Information Service. (See Appendix G, “Related EIA Publications on Energy Consumption,” for ordering information.) Selected tables are also available on the Electronic Publishing System (EPUB). For questions about the contents of EPUB reports and data and availability of this information on CD-ROM, call 202-586-8800. Information is also available by accessing EIA’s Home Page on the Internet at http://www.eia.doe.gov. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 ii Contents Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RECS Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RECS Data Used in this Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Organization of the Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 2 2. Analyzing Trends in the RECS Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 The Effects of Weather on Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Household Energy Expenditures: Increasing or Decreasing Over Time? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and End Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 End-Use Consumption of Electricity and Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Energy Consumption in New Homes Constructed from 1988 Through 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Changes in Main Space-Heating Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Do Homes with Natural Gas Water Heaters Use More Hot Water than Homes with Electric Water Heaters? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Percent of Income Spent on Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4. Special Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All-Electric Homes and Mixed-Fuel Homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RECS State-Level Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Detailed Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Organization of the Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Categories of Data in the Table Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Statistical Significance of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quick-Reference Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendices A. How the Survey Was Conducted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Quality of the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. End-Use Estimation Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. RECS Coverage Related to EIA Supply Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. Survey Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F. U.S. Climate Zone and Census Regions and Divisions Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G. Related EIA Publications on Energy Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H. Metric Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 31 31 31 33 35 131 151 169 181 187 275 279 287 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 iii Tables 2.1. 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5. 4.6. 4.7. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 A.1. A.2. A.3. A.4. A.5. A.6. Average Annual Household Energy Expenditures by Annual Family Income and Heated-Square Footage— Adjusted for Degree-Days and Inflation, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 U.S. Residential End-Use Consumption of Electricity, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 U.S. Residential End-Use Consumption of Natural Gas, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Water Usage Indicators by Main Water-Heating Energy Source, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Characteristics of Households by Type of Fuel Consumption, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Electricity Consumption and Expenditures by Household Type, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Average Energy Consumption and Expenditures per Household—Coldest Zone, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Average Energy Consumption and Expenditures per Household—Cold Zone, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Average Energy Consumption and Expenditures per Household—Moderate Zone, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Average Energy Consumption and Expenditures per Household—Warm Zone, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Average Energy Consumption and Expenditures per Household—Warmest Zone, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Total Consumption in U.S. Households, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Total Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Electricity Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Fuel Oil Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Kerosene Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Wood Consumption in U.S. Households, December 1992 Through November 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Average Expenditures for Major Energy Sources in U.S. Households, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Total Consumption and Expenditures by End Uses in U.S. Households, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Consumption by End Uses, per U.S. Household, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Expenditures by End Uses, per U.S. Household, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Total Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Space-Heating in U.S. Households, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Total Fuel Oil, Kerosene, and LPG Consumption and Expenditures for Space-Heating in U.S. Households, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space-Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space-Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Fuel Oil Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space-Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space-Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for All Air Conditioning and Central Air Conditioning, U.S. Households, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for Room Air Conditioning, per U.S. Household, 1993 . . . . . . . . . 102 Total Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Water Heating in U.S. Households, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Total Fuel Oil and LPG Consumption and Expenditures for Water Heating in U.S. Households, 1993 . . . . . . 108 Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Main Water Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Fuel Oil and LPG Consumption and Expenditures for Main Water Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 . . . . . 115 Total Consumption and Expenditures for Appliances in U.S. Households, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for Appliances and Refrigerators, per U.S. Household, 1993 . . . . 122 Natural Gas and LPG Consumption and Expenditures for Appliances, per U.S. Household, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . 126 Relative Sampling Rates Based on Income Rating and Main Home-Heating Fuels: Housing Units Classified as Built Before 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Poverty Status and Home-Heating Fuels in the 1993 RECS: Main and Supplemental Low-Income Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Housing Units Constructed in 1987 or Later in 1993 RECS: Basic and Supplemental New Construction Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Interviews Completed by Stage in the 1993 RECS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Response Rates in the 1993 RECS by Region, Urban Status, and Type of Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 U.S. Population Estimates Used as Controls in Ratio Adjustment of Sampling in the 1993 RECS . . . . . . . . . . 142 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 iv A.7. A.8. A.9. B.1. B.2. B.3. B.4. B.5. B.6. B.7. B.8. B.9. C.1. C.2. C.3. D.1. H.1. Imputation Methods Used for the 1993 RECS Household Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Household Questionnaire Items Most Frequently Imputed in the 1993 RECS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Companies in the Energy Supplier Survey and Number of Households Supplied in the 1993 RECS . . . . . . . . Participation in Electric DSM Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation in Natural Gas DSM Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Definition of Poverty in the United States as Used in the 1993 RECS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Estimates of Occupied Housing Units in the United States for RECS and AHS, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Completeness of Data on Square Footage of Housing Units in the 1993 RECS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy Consumption Records for Survey Households Using Electricity, Natural Gas, Fuel Oil, Kerosene, or LPG, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basis of Estimates of Annual Consumption, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual and 30-Year Average Heating and Cooling Degree-Days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Price Indices by Year and Fuel Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1993 RECS End-Use Estimation Equations by Fuel Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Electricity Consumption by End Use in U.S. Households, 1990 and 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electricity Consumption by End Use in U.S. Households, 1990 and 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comparison of Residential Energy Consumption Estimates from the Consumption Survey and Supply Surveys, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metric Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 143 145 153 153 154 155 156 159 160 161 161 170 177 178 182 287 Illustrations 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 4.1 4.2 5.1 A.1. C.1. Electricity Consumption Adjusted for 30-Year Average Heating and Cooling Degree-Days, 1987, 1990, and 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Natural Gas Space-Heating Consumption Adjusted for 30-Year Average Heating Degree-Days, 1987, 1990, and 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Average Annual Household Energy Expenditures All Households—Unadjusted and Adjusted for Degree-Days and Price Changes, 1984, 1987, 1990, and 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Average Annual Household Energy Expenditures By Type of Fuel—Adjusted for Degree-Days and Price Changes, 1984, 1987, 1990, and 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Average Annual Household Energy Expenditures By Main Heating Fuel—Adjusted for Degree-Days and Price Changes, 1984, 1987, 1990, and 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Average Annual Household Energy Expenditures By Type of Housing Unit—Adjusted for Degree-Days and Price Changes, 1984, 1987, 1990, and 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Electricity End-Use Consumption, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Expenditures for Food, 1987-1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Volume of New Refrigerators and Freezers, 1980-1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Energy Use of Refrigerators by Age and Defrost Type, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Distribution of Refrigerators by Age and Defrost Type, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Electricity Consumption for Selected End Uses, 1980, 1987, and 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Percent of Households with Selected Electrical Appliances, 1980, 1987, and 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 End-Use Electricity Intensities by Year of Construction, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Indices for Impact of Climate, Shading, Floorspace, and Income by Year of Construction, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Natural Gas End-Use Intensities by Year of Construction, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Main Space-Heating Fuel by Year of Construction, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Total Household Energy Consumption by Energy Source, 1900-1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Main Space-Heating Fuel in U.S. Single-Family and Multifamily Housing Units Constructed Between 1975 and 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Percent of Income Spent on Energy, 1981-1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Energy Expenditures per Square Foot, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Total Energy Expenditures by Main Space-Heating Fuel, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Expenditures for Electricity and Other Fuels, 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Use of RSE Row and Column Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Multistage Area Probability Sample Activities for the 1993 RECS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Regression Median Estimates Compared to Utility Submetered Estimates, 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 v Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 vi Executive Summary Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 presents information about household end-use consumption of energy and expenditures for that energy. These data were collected in the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), the ninth in a series of nationwide household energy consumption surveys conducted since 1978 by the Energy Information Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy. More than 7 thousand households were surveyed for information on their housing units, energy consumption and expenditures, stock of energy-consuming appliances, and energyrelated behavior. The information represents all households nationwide—97 million. An earlier report presented information on the energy-related characteristics of U.S. households. Key Findings  National residential energy consumption was 10.0 quadrillion Btu in 1993, a 9-percent increase from the 9.2 quadrillion Btu consumed in the last study in 1990. Average household consumption of major energy sources—electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)—was 103.6 million Btu in 1993, compared with 98.1 million Btu in 1990 (an increase of 6 percent). These changes are statistically significant. Between 1990 and 1993, national expenditures for household energy increased by 12 percent—from 110 billion dollars to 124 billion dollars. The average household spent $1,282 for all major energy sources. Natural gas remains the predominant fuel for space heating. U.S. households consumed nearly three times as much natural gas as site electricity (89.9 million Btu versus 34.0 million Btu per household) but they paid 54 percent more for electricity ($840 per household per year for electricity versus $546 for natural gas). More than 60 percent of new homes use natural gas for main space heating. New homes (built between 1988 and 1993) use energy at a rate that is 82 percent of the rate used by homes built before 1980. Most of this gain comes from improvements in space heating. New houses have the newest heating equipment—powered by either electricity or natural gas—and their shells tend to be more airtight. The 1993 RECS over sampled new homes to learn more about their energy efficiency. Weather has a significant effect on energy consumption. Energy consumption in 1993 would have been nearly unchanged from consumption in the 1987 and 1990 survey years if the winter had been as warm. The colder winter in 1993 led to an increase of 9 percent in natural gas consumption for space-heating and a 21-percent increase in electricity consumption for space-heating from 1990. Summers over the 3 survey years were about equally warm and close to the 30-year average, so weather had little effect on energy consumption for air-conditioning. Energy expenditures per household in 1993 were $159 greater than in 1987, an increase of 14 percent. After expenditures are adjusted for variations in weather and price changes, the difference is reduced to $92, or an 8.6 percent increase. More than half the electricity used in the home goes for appliances—lighting, TV, clothes dryers, freezers, ranges and ovens, and others. For the first time, the 1993 RECS provided separate estimates for the annual amount of electricity used for lighting (940 kilowatthours (kWh)), cooking (458 kWh), clothes drying (875 kWh), and dishwashing (299 kWh) per household. The consumption of electricity for appliances is increasing, likely a result of the use of more appliances. For example, in 1980 only 14 percent of households used microwave ovens, but in 1993, 84 percent of households used one. Personal computers are another appliance that has become more common; in 1990, 16 percent of households had personal computers, a percentage that grew to 23 percent in 1993.      .   Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 vii  Also for the first time, the 1993 RECS collected State data for the four most populous States: California, Florida, New York, and Texas. California, with 11 percent of U.S. households, consumed 7 percent of total U.S. energy; Florida, with 6 percent of households, consumed 3 percent; New York, with 7 percent of households, consumed 8 percent of U.S. energy; and Texas, also with 7 percent of households, consumed 7 percent of total U.S. energy. Households that use electricity for their main space heating fuel have lower overall energy expenditures than households that heat with other fuels, despite the fact that electricity costs more per million Btu. Reasons for this apparent anomaly are that households with electric heat tend to be newer, located in warmer climates or in areas where electricity rates are low, and more likely to be apartments than single-family homes.  Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 viii 1. Introduction Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993, the second of two reports based on data from the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), provides information on the use of energy in residential housing units in the United States, including consumption and expenditure data for natural gas, electricity, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and kerosene. The first report, Housing Characteristics 1993, published in June 1995, features data on physical characteristics of residential housing units, appliances used, the number and characteristics of occupants, the fuels used, and other energyrelated characteristics. RECS Methodology EIA Surveys Congress has mandated that EIA collect, analyze, and disseminate impartial, comprehensive data about energy—how much is produced, who uses it, and the purposes for which it is used. To comply with that Congressional mandate, the EIA conducts two types of surveys:   Supply surveys gather information annually or more frequently from energy suppliers and marketers on the quantities and prices of specific energy sources produced or supplied to the market. The results of the supply surveys are combined and published in fuel-specific EIA publications and in the Monthly Energy Review. Consumption surveys gather information every 3 years directly from energy end users on the types of energy they use, along with information on the energy-related characteristics of households, commercial buildings, vehicles, and manufacturing establishments. The results of these surveys are published in energy-consumption reports, such as this report. Special analytical reports are also available on the EIA Home Page on the World Wide Web; on EIA's CDROM; diskettes; and EPUB, EIA's electronic publishing service. The 1993 RECS is the ninth survey of residential housing units and their energy suppliers conducted by EIA. Previous RECS were conducted annually from 1978 to 1982 and triennially since 1984. The RECS consists of three parts:    Personal interviews with households for information about energy used, how it is used, energy-using appliances, structural features, energy efficiency measures, and demographic characteristics of the household Telephone interviews with rental agents for households that have any of their energy use included in their rent. This information augments information collected from those households that may not be knowledgeable about the fuels used for space heating or water heating Mail questionnaires sent to energy suppliers (after obtaining permission from households) to collect the actual billing data on energy consumption and expenditures. RECS Data Used in this Report The statistics published in this report are based on a sample of 7,111 households from the population of all primary, occupied residential housing units in the United States as of July 1993. As a result, all of the statistics are estimates rather than exact measurements of the population. The 1993 RECS represents 96.6 million households in the 50 States and the District of Columbia. As discussed in Appendix B, the accuracy of each estimate is indicated by the relative standard error (RSE). No estimates were published that were based on fewer than 10 sampled households or that had an RSE greater than 50 percent. All the tables of the estimates in the section titled "Deta iled Tables" include corresponding RSE's that are calculated by using row and column RSE factors. EIA gratefully acknowledges the cooperation of the respondents for supplying the information used to produce the estimates in this report. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 1 Organization of the Report Following this introductory chapter, Chapters 2-4 highlight survey findings with special attention given to new data and areas of expanded detail not found in previous reports. Many data referenced in the text are from the "Detailed Tables" section of the report, where extensive cross tabulations of energy sources and end uses are presented. These analyses can be reproduced by using RECS public-use data files. Some tabulations of special interest appear in these chapters. The detailed tables in Chapter 5 are organized by the following categories: total consumption and expenditures, consumption and expenditures for major energy sources, consumption and expenditures by end uses, and consumption and expenditures by major fuel source for end uses. These chapters are followed by six technical appendices, which provide the supporting information on the survey. Appendix A provides information on the survey design and how the data were collected and processed. Appendix B discusses procedures for calculating the relative standard error of the data, data imputation procedures, and other quality-related topics. Appendix C provides more background about the nonlinear equations used to estimate end-use consumption. Differences in the coverage of this survey and EIA supply surveys are discussed in Appendix D. Copies of the forms used to collect RECS data, Forms EIA-457 A through H, can be found in Appendix E. Climate zones and Census regions and divisions maps are located in Appendix F. A list of related EIA publications is located in Appendix G. Appendix H presents a table of metric conversion factors. Definitions of the terms used in this report are located in the Glossary. A Note on Interpreting the Data Data in this report are presented in the form of aggregate totals and household averages. For each household that responded to the 1993 RECS, the annual amounts of energy used for five end-use categories—space heating, water heating, air-conditioning, refrigerators, and appliances—were estimated. End-use estimates were produced for each of the five main energy sources: electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, kerosene, and LPG. These estimates were not based on data produced by placing meters on individual appliances within a household; instead, they were obtained by estimating how much of the total annual consumption for each energy source can be attributed to each of the end-use categories for each household by using a regression technique (see Appendix C). This approach yields a wealth of reliable information about energy consumption and expenditures in the United States, but the data must be interpreted carefully. Energy consumption is affected by variety of factors that make comparisons overtime difficult, such as:      Changes in weather Presence of insulation and other demand-side management efforts Age of housing stock Geographical shifts in population Changes in household size. Moreover, associations between variables should not be confused with causality. For example, survey data show that households with incomes below the poverty line tend to use less energy than higher-income households. This does not necessarily mean that poverty causes people to use less energy. Factors such as the size of the dwelling, number of family members, and number of energy-consuming appliances all may play a part in explaining levels of energy consumption. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 2 2. Analyzing Trends in the RECS Data The data produced by the RECS can be used in two ways. One way is to look at the data as a snapshot of the characteristics, consumption, and expenditures of U.S. households during the survey year. For example, one could use the data to find out what the average household spent on electricity in 1993. The other way to use the data is to look at trends (i.e., changes in characteristics, consumption, and expenditures over time). One could analyze the data to determine if new housing units tend to be larger than older units and, therefore, consume more energy; to determine if households are changing the types of fuel they use; or to determine if households are spending more of their income on energy. However, such trends over time are affected by two predictable factors: variations in weather and inflation. This section of the report focuses on the effects of these two factors on energy consumption and expenditures. Differences in energy consumption due to temperature variations can result in misleading comparisons among households sharing similar characteristics but located in different geographic or climatic regions. Winter temperatures that are lower than normal would result in a household using more energy than normal. Conversely, summer temperatures more moderate than usual would result in a household using less energy than normal. Controlling for the effects of these two factors provides a better idea of how households are behaving and how well the equipment and housing structures are performing. Annual energy expenditures are a function of energy consumption. Lower or higher energy consumption due to unusual temperature variations will result in decreased or increased expenditures. In addition, comparisons of energy expenditures across survey years can be misleading due to the effects of dollar inflation (the decrease in value of the currency due to price increases) over time. For example, if inflation averages 5 percent per year over a 5-year period, an average annual expenditure in year 1 of $1,200 will be equivalent to $1,531 in year 5. In order to determine specific trends in energy consumption and expenditures, the effects of variation in weather and inflation from survey year to survey year have to be controlled. Appendix B describes the methodology used to control for these two factors. The Effects of Weather on Energy Consumption In 1993, the average household consumed 70.9 million Btu of natural gas and 15.5 million Btu of electricity for space heating. These numbers represent a 9 percent increase in natural gas consumption and a 21 percent increase in electricity consumption for space heating from the 1990 consumption data in the RECS. A quick glance at these estimates might lead one to believe that households are less conscientious about energy consumption than they were in 1990. However, what is really responsible for the increase in consumption is weather. The winters of the 1987 and 1990 survey years were both warmer than average and warmer than the winter of the 1993 survey year (see Appendix B, Table B.6). The summers of all three survey years were also warmer than average. One way to determine if changes in consumption are due to the weather is to adjust them by heating and cooling degree-days.1 Figure 2.1 shows the electricity consumption for space heating and air conditioning, by survey year, both as reported and adjusted for heating and cooling degree-days. Figure 2.2 shows the natural gas consumption for space heating both as reported and adjusted for heating degree-days. Although electricity consumption for space heating decreased in 1990 and then increased in 1993, if the weather had been average for all three survey years, there would have been no change in the average consumption per household. The number of cooling degree-days in the three surveys were nearly equivalent, resulting in little change in the electricity consumption for air-conditioning. The cooling degree-days were also only slightly higher than the 30-year average, so the adjustments made little difference. Heating degree-days measure how cold an area is compared to a base temperature (65 degrees Fahrenheit in the RECS). Cooling degree- days measure how hot an area is. If the average temperature on a given day is 40 degrees Fahrenheit, then there are 25 heating degree-days and no cooling degree-days that day. If the average temperature is 80 degrees Fahrenheit, then there are 15 cooling degree-days and no heating degree-days that day. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 1 3 Figure 2.1. Electricity Consumption Adjusted for 30-Year Average Heating and Cooling Degree-Days, 1987, 1990, and 1993 Space Heating (unadjusted) Air-Conditioning (unadjusted) Space Heating (adjusted) Air-Conditioning (adjusted) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1987 1990 1993 Electricity Consumption per Household (Million Btu) Survey Year Figure 2.2 shows that unadjusted natural gas consumption for space heating decreased in 1990, then increased again in 1993. However, had the weather been average, the consumption in 1990 would have increased slightly, while the 1993 consumption would have decreased slightly. All of the consumption estimates presented in the RECS reports are based on the weather during the survey year. The above adjustments highlight the importance of considering changes in weather when making comparisons from one year to another. Figure 2.2. Natural Gas Space-Heating Consumption Adjusted for 30-Year Average Heating Degree-Days, 1987, 1990, and 1993 Unadjusted Adjusted Consumption per Household in Million Btu 80 60 40 20 0 1987 1990 1993 Survey Year Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 4 Household Energy Expenditures: Increasing or Decreasing Over Time? Energy expenditures must be adjusted for weather in the same way as consumption data were in the last section. In order to determine the trends in expenditures over time, the data must be adjusted for variations in the weather and for changes in prices that reflect inflation or deflation. Comparing expenditures during an unusually cold year with those in a warm year without adjustment would result in a misleading trend, and ignoring the effects of changes in prices could result in misleading conclusions. The left half of Figure 2.3. shows a Figure 2.3. Average Annual Household Energy Expenditures All steep rise in average annual Households—Unadjusted and Adjusted for Degreeexpenditures per household from Days and Price Changes, 1984, 1987, 1990, and 1993 1987 to 1993, about $200 over the Survey Year 6-year period. These figures do not 1984 1987 1990 1993 1,400 reflect the effects of price changes. 1,282 Nor do they take into account year1,172 1,200 1,146 1,166 to-year variations in temperatures 1,123 1,080 1,074 1,096 compared to long-term averages. Annual Energy Expenditures 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Unadjusted Adjusted Notes: Averages are over all households, including those whose expenditures for some fuels is zero, Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-G of the 1984, 1987, 1990, and 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Surveys. The right half of Figure 2.3 presents these same average annual household energy expenditures adjusted for both inflation and temperature variations. These adjustments reduced the average annual expenditures for 3 of the four survey years. The adjustments also resulted in a more gradual year-toyear trend. Over the 9-year period, unadjusted annual expenditures increased by $159, a 14.2 percent increase, compared to the adjusted increase of 8.6 percent, totaling $92. Type of Fuel Electricity accounted for as much as 65 percent of adjusted average annual household energy expenditures (see Figure 2.4). From 1984 to 1993, expenditures for electricity increased by an average of $101, an amount exceeding the average increase in total expenditures of $92. In contrast, natural gas expenditures, which accounted for as much as 29 percent of total expenditures, remained virtually unchanged, and expenditures for petroleum products (excluding motor fuels), which accounted for 8-10 percent of total expenditures, decreased by $13. Figure 2.4. Average Annual Household Energy Expenditures By Type of Fuel—Adjusted for Degree-Days and Price Changes, 1984, 1987, 1990, and 1993 Survey Year 1984 1,400 1987 1990 1993 Annual Energy Expenditures 1,200 1,000 800 656 675 730 757 1,146 1,166 1,074 1,096 600 400 200 0 Electricity Natural Gas Petroleum Products Total 310 311 313 306 108 115 105 95 Type of Fuel Notes: Averages are over all households, including those whose expenditures for some fuels is zero. Petroleum products includes fuel oil, kerosene, and LPG. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-G of the 1984, 1987, 1990, and 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Surveys. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 5 Main Heating Fuel Despite the fact that electricity Figure 2.5. Average Annual Household Energy Expenditures By increased the most in average costs, Main Heating Fuel—Adjusted for Degree-Days and Price households that used electricity as Changes, 1984, 1987, 1990, and 1993 their main heating fuel had, on an Survey Year adjusted basis, notably lower 1984 1987 1990 1993 average annual expenditures than 1,079 1,094 Natural Gas those using natural gas or fuel oil 1,158 1,192 2 (see Figure 2.5). Moreover, 1,279 1,299 expenditures by households using Fuel Oil 1,386 1,379 electricity as their heating fuel were 1,060 virtually unchanged over the 9-year 1,048 Electricity 1,052 period, while all other households 1,050 908 had year-to-year increases in their 990 Other 1,041 total average energy expenditures. 1,103 1,074 Households using fuel oil as their 1,096 All Households main heating fuel had consistently 1,146 1,166 higher total annual expenditures 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 than those households using natural Annual Energy Expenditures gas or some other fuel. Households Notes: Averages using a heating fuel other than products includes fuelare over all households, including those whose expenditures for some fuels is zero. Petroleum oil, kerosene, and LPG. Source: Information Administration, natural gas, fuel oil or electricity, 1984, 1987, Energyand 1993 Residential Energy Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-G of the 1990, Consumption Surveys. such as LPG or kerosene, had the largest increase in total annual energy expenditures from 1984 to 1993, 21.6 percent. Main Heating Fuel Type of Housing Unit Among the various types of housing Figure 2.6. Average Annual Household Energy Expenditures By units, single-family detached homes, Type of Housing Unit—Adjusted for Degree-Days and apartments in buildings with 2-4 Price Changes, 1984, 1987, 1990, and 1993 units, and mobile homes all Survey Year experienced increases in adjusted 1984 1987 1990 1993 average annual energy expenditures 1,202 1,145 SF-Detached 1,310 over the past 9-years (see Figure 1,328 1,204 2.6). Mobile home households 1,141 SF-Attached 1,117 experienced the largest increase, 1,156 892 16.4 percent, from 1984 to 1993. 923 2-4 Unit Bldg. 1,004 There was a net decrease in energy 1,022 731 expenditures in single-family 691 5 or More Unit Bldg. 658 676 attached homes and in buildings 904 962 with 5 or more units. In addition to Mobile Home 973 1,079 having the lowest average annual 1,074 1,096 energy expenditures, households in All Households 1,145 1,166 apartment buildings with 5 or more 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 units also recorded an overall Annual Energy Expenditures decrease in energy expenditures of Notes: Averages are over all households, including those whose expenditures for some fuels is zero. Petroleum 7.5 percent over the past 9 years. products includes fuel oil, kerosene, and LPG. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-G of the 1984, 1987, 1990, and 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Surveys. 2 This is, in part, accounted for by the large number of newer homes constructed in milder climates. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 6 Main Heating Fuel Family Income and Heated Floorspace Adjusted average annual household energy expenditures were directly related to family income and the amount of heated floorspace. Households with the lowest family income and living in smaller housing units expended the least for energy. Households with the highest family income and living in the largest housing units expended the most (see Table 2.1). Although the changes in average annual energy expenditures from 1984 to 1993 were modest for each of the three income groups presented in Table 2.1, the changes across groups are noteworthy. Households with the lowest family incomes, less than $20,000, experienced a 5-percent increase in expenditures over the 9-year period. In contrast, households having a family income of $50,000 or more experienced a 3-percent decrease. Households having less than 1,000 square feet of heated floorspace experienced a modest 2-percent increase in average energy expenditures from 1984 to 1993. Households having 1,000-1,999 square feet or more than 2,000 square feet of heated floorspace experienced increases in expenditures of 4 percent over the same time period. Table 2.1. Average Annual Household Energy Expenditures by Annual Family Income and Heated-Square Footage—Adjusted for Degree-Days and Price Changes, 1993 Annual Family Income Heated-Square Footage Less than 1,000 Square Feet 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 to 1,999 Square Feet 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,000 or More Square Feet 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All Households 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than $20,000 763 749 763 760 1,077 1,048 1,039 1,031 1,363 1,247 1,313 1,285 957 921 923 914 $20,000 to $49,999 833 828 854 807 1,183 1,191 1,151 1,192 1,489 1,454 1,452 1,461 1,189 1,161 1,151 1,174 $50,000 or More 858 879 909 1,061 1,313 1,354 1,255 1,262 1,706 1,842 1,698 1,769 1,472 1,578 1,455 1,523 All Households 796 783 798 779 1,172 1,169 1,121 1,122 1,556 1,567 1,503 1,500 1,166 1,146 1,096 1,074 Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457, A-G of the 1984, 1987, 1990, and 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Surveys. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 7 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 8 3. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and End Uses This section contains analyses of the end uses of the five major sources of energy: electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and kerosene. Electricity and natural gas are by far the dominant sources of energy. Space heating is a common end use for all energy sources, water heating is commonly powered by electricity or natural gas, and the remaining end uses in the RECS—appliances, air-conditioning, and refrigerators—are mostly end uses of electricity. End-Use Consumption of Electricity and Natural Gas Energy serves a wide range of household needs such as: space heating, cooling, water heating, refrigerators, lighting, and operation of a variety of appliances for entertainment, health, and comfort. For some years, the RECS has estimated the contribution of each of these end uses to total energy consumption. The percentage share and relative ranking of each end use represent how the total consumption of electricity or natural gas is distributed over the end uses. The other commonly used household energy sources (fuel oil, LPG, and kerosene) are used mostly for space heating, water heating, and cooking. Electricity The largest use of electricity in the Figure 3.1. Electricity End-Use Consumption, 1993 average U.S. household is for appliances, which consume half of Percent of Total Electricity Consumption all the electricity used in the residential sector (Figure 3.1, Table 3.1). Air-conditioning and Lighting 9.4 refrigerators each consume 14 Air-Conditioning 13.9 percent, space heating 12 percent, TVs 7.4 and water heating 10 percent. Space Heating 12.3 Water Heating 10.3 Refrigerators 13.9 Appliances 49.5 Clothes Dryers 5 Freezers 4.2 Ranges/Ovens 2.8 No Single Appliance Dominates Use of Electricity All Others 20.7 Electricity consumption by appliances is not dominated by any Source: Energy Information Administration, Forms EIA-457A, B, C, E, and H of the 1993 Residential particular type of appliance. Energy Consumption Survey. Table 2.1. Lighting consumes the most electricity (9 percent of the total), followed by TV’s (7 percent), clothes dryers (5 percent), and freezers (4 percent). The many other electrical appliances are grouped together and their total consumption shown as "All Others" (Figure 3.1). These include some appliances found in almost all homes but use small amounts of electricity, such as coffee makers, and other appliances that use large amounts of electricity but are not found in many homes, such as swimming pool pumps. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 9 Table 3.1. U.S. Residential End-Use Consumption of Electricity, 1993 Households (millions) 96.6 Annual kWh Consumption per Household 9,965 Electricity Consumption for 1993 Site Billion kWh Trillion Btu 962 3,283 Primary (trillion Btu) 9,891 Percent 100.0 End Use/Appliance Total Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Central Air-conditioning System . . . . . . . . 41.0 2,667 109 373 1,124 11.4 Room Air Conditionersa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 738 24 83 251 2.5 Water Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.0 2,671 99 337 1,016 10.3 Main Space-Heating System . . . . . . . . . . 25.0 4,541 114 387 1,167 11.8 Secondary Space-Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 400 5 17 50 0.5 115.7 1,155 134 456 1,374 13.9 Refrigeratora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appliances (total of list below) . . . . . . . . . 96.6 4,933 477 1,626 4,899 49.5 Lighting (indoor and outdoor) . . . . . . . . . 96.6 940 91 310 933 9.4 b 198.3 360 71 244 734 7.4 TVa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clothes Dryer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.7 875 48 163 492 5.0 Freezer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.4 1,204 40 137 413 4.2 58.3 458 27 91 274 2.8 Range/Ovenc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b Microwave Oven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3 191 16 53 160 1.6 b Waterbed Heatera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 960 14 48 144 1.5 d Dishwasher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.7 299 13 45 135 1.4 e Swimming Pool Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 2,022 9 32 96 1.0 b, d Clothes Washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.5 99 7 25 76 0.8 b Dehumidifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 370 3 11 35 0.4 b Well Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 228 3 10 30 0.3 b Personal Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.6 77 2 6 18 0.2 e Hot Tub/Spa Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 482 1 3 9 0.1 Residual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.6 1,364 132 450 1,354 13.7 a Count of individual units within the household. Room air-conditioners are counted in this table only for units located in homes, which do not have central air-conditioning. b National survey of electric utilities conducted by the American Electric Power Service Corporation, Columbus, Ohio, in 1991. c Households that have an electric range and electric oven and reported that electricity was their main cooking fuel. d Does not include energy used to heat water coming into the washer. e Average of two estimates from Southern California Edison. Notes: "Residual" includes appliances not listed, such as furnace fans (404 kWh per year), heated aquariums, air cleaners, and a myriad of other small electrical appliances. "Residual" also includes errors that may be present in estimates of annual consumption. Site electricity is the amount of electricity delivered to households (3,412 Btu per kWh). Primary electricity is site electricity plus the conversion losses in the electric generation process at the utility plant (10,280 Btu per kWh). Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. This table does not reflect the interactive effects of appliance usage, especially when mixing the estimates from RECS with those from outside sources. For example, for a home with an electric oven, range, and a microwave, the use of the microwave may not add 191 kWh to the cooking consumption. For more discussion of this problem, see Appendix C, “End-Use Estimation Methodology.” Sources: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-C, E, and H of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), RECS Public-Use Data Files; American Electric Power Service Corporation, and Southern California Edison. Lighting kWh—First Time U.S. Estimate The 1993 RECS is the first to provide separate estimates for the annual amount of electricity used for lighting, cooking (range and oven), clothes drying, and dishwashing (see Table 3.1). The estimate for lighting, 940 kWh, includes both indoor and outdoor lighting and is lower than a reported typical, lighting budget for a home, 1,200 to 1,500 kWh.3 The RECS estimate was considerably below the 2,930 kWh annual lighting budget for the 53 homes (190 asked to participate) that agreed to a study using light loggers, devices placed near the light to measure the cumulative time of light usage. A light logger is a more accurate measuring device for collecting data than respondent reports in the RECS. However, the possibility of bias in the light-logger sample, either the households selected or the lights monitored, may mean that the results did not represent typical households. The RECS estimates for lighting contained some households using that much electricity for lighting, but they were not typical households. One percent of the RECS households used 3,000 kWh or more annually for lighting; 99 percent used less. An annual lighting budget of 1,200 to 1,500 kWh is also not typical for RECS households, as only 27 percent of them used 1,200 or more kWh for lighting. 3 Bruce Manclark, "Of Sockets, Housecalls, and Hardware," Home Energy, November/December 1991, p. 25. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 10 Changes in Home Cooking Figure 3.2. Expenditures for Food, 1987-1993 2,500 Are Americans doing more or less Food at Home cooking in the home? This question is important for energy use because 2,000 changes to cooking appliances are Food Away from Home under consideration as part of the Appliance Efficiency Standards 1,500 Program. Changes must be cost effective, meaning the energy saved over the life of the product must be 1,000 greater than the increased cost to the consumer of the new energy-saving 500 product. Since the 1993 RECS is the first RECS to isolate electricity used for cooking (458 kWh per year per 0 household), RECS has no past data to Years compare the 1993 figure against. One indirect measure of change in home cooking is change in expenditures for food purchased for home consumption4 collected by the Consumer Expenditure Survey, conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (Figure 3.2). Those expenditures have remained stable since 1989 at a level that is somewhat above the 1987-1988 level. Such a trend may mean that energy used for cooking at home has remained the same or increased since 1987. The ratio of expenditures for food away from home and food at home also suggests that the amount of cooking done at home has not decreased. Annual Expenditures (1987 Dollars) Calculating a Benchmark for the Annual Consumption of Electricity By using the annual kWh consumption data from Table 3.1, a benchmark for the expected annual electricity consumption for a typical household can be calculated by adding together the annual consumption estimates for each use of electricity that applies. For example, to obtain a benchmark consumption for households that did not use electricity for space heating but did use it for central air-conditioning, and water heating, used one refrigerator, lighting, TV, microwave oven, dishwasher, and clothes washer, add the kWh consumption for each use (total is 8,382 kWh); then add 1,364 kWh for appliances not enumerated. The total of 9,746 kWh is the expected annual electricity consumed by such households. Note: This procedure will not work when the characteristics of the households and associated factors, such as climate, are not typical of U.S. households using electricity for these uses. Note that differences in climate could have a large effect on space heating and air-conditioning consumption. More Refrigerators in 1993 but Less Electricity in Total The effect of gains in appliance efficiency are readily apparent by comparing the 1990 estimated electricity consumption for refrigerators with 1993 levels of consumption. The average refrigerator consumed an estimated 1,155 kWh in 1993, down from 1,301 kWh in 1990. During this same time, the number of refrigerators in homes increased 3 percent, from 112.6 million in 1990 to 115.7 million in 1993. But the gains in efficiency compensated for the added refrigerators, resulting in a 10-percent reduction in the aggregate amount of electricity used for refrigerators in U.S. homes. Electricity consumption for refrigerators decreased from an estimated 147 billion kWh in 1990 to 134 billion kWh in 1993. New refrigerators have not diminished in size, so reduced volume is not a reason for the decrease in consumption (Figure 3.3) EIA projects an annual decrease in electricity used for refrigerators of 1.8 percent from 1993 to 2010.5 Food away from home includes all meals at restaurants, carryouts, and vending machines. Food at home refers to food purchased at grocery stores or other food stores and food prepared by the consumer unit on trips. 5 Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 1995, DOE/EIA-0383(95), p. 78. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 4 11 Replacing Old Manual Figure 3.3. Volume of New Refrigerators and Freezers, 1980-1993 Refrigerators with New FrostFreezers Refrigerators Free Units Is Not Likely to 30 Save Energy Average Volume (Cubic Feet) As older refrigerators are replaced by new ones, the effect on energy use depends on factors such as whether the old one is kept in the home as a second refrigerator. Households have not been keeping their old refrigerators, according to the percentage of homes with two or more refrigerators. From 1978 to 1993, the percentage of homes with two or more refrigerators reached a low of 12 percent in 1984, but in 1993 was at the same level (15 percent) that it had been in 1978 (14 percent).6 25 20 15 10 5 0 Survey Year Another factor affecting energy use Figure 3.4. Energy Use of Refrigerators by Age and Defrost Type, is whether the older refrigerator that 1993 is being replaced is a manual defrost Type of Defrost unit or one that defrosts kWh/Year (Manual) kWh/Year (Auto) automatically (or semi585 Less Than 2 Years automatically, i.e., by manually 956 pushing a button to begin the defrost 649 2 - 4 Years cycle). Manual refrigerators do not 946 produce savings in energy usage 848 5 - 9 Years 1,253 because they use about the same amount of energy as the new 1,000 10 - 19 Years 1,529 automatic defrost units (Figure 3.4). The low incidence of older manual 951 More Than 20 Years 1,509 refrigerators makes it less likely that a new frost-free unit will replace a 998 Don't Know 1,448 manual unit (Figure 3.5). Most of the older units, those that are 10 to 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 19 years old, are automatic defrost kWh Per Year units. Notes: Only for refrigerators in one-refrigerator homes, which are 85 percent of all homes. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-B and E of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Surveys. Home Freezers Unlike refrigerators, which are used in 99.8 percent of all homes, separate freezers were used in only 35 percent of homes in 1993, a lower percentage than the 38 percent of homes with freezers in the early 1980's.7 EIA has projected an annual decrease in electricity used for freezers of 3.9 percent from 1993 to 2010.8 The trend in the percentage of households with two or more refrigerators is available in: Energy Information Administration,Annual Energy Review, DOE/EIA-0384(94), Table 2.12. 7 Trends in the percentage of households with freezers and other home appliances are available in: Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review, DOE/EIA-0384(94), Table 2.12. 8 Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 1995, DOE/EIA-0383(95), p. 78. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 6 12 Refrigerator Age Use of Electricity for Appliances Figure 3.5. Distribution of Refrigerators by Age and Defrost Type, 1993 Has Been Increasing Not only do appliances account for the largest share of household electricity usage, but that share is increasing. Electricity consumed for appliances and refrigerators9 was 22 million Btu per household in 1993, 19 million Btu per household in 1987, and 18 million Btu per household in 1980 (Figure 3.6). The only change in other uses of electricity (space heating, water heating, and air-conditioning) is an increase in electricity used for space heating from 1987 to 1993. Less Than 2 Years 0.6 9.4 Type of Defrost Manual Automatic 2 - 4 Years 1.1 12.7 Refrigerator Age 5 - 9 Years 2.8 20.8 10 - 19 Years 2.5 4.2 16.4 More Than 20 Years 3.5 Don't Know 0 2.5 5.5 5 10 15 20 25 The increase is most likely a result of Notes: Only for refrigerators in one-refrigerator homes, which are 85 percent of all homes. the use of more electrical appliances Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-B and E of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Surveys. (Figure 3.7). RECS identifies only 36 of the many electrical appliances in the home, mainly those that use the most Figure 3.6. Electricity Consumption for Selected End Used, electricity. Among them, microwave 1980, 1987, and 1993 ovens showed the largest gain in Survey Year penetration from 1980 to 1993; in 1980, 1980 1987 1993 only 14 percent of households used a 25.0 microwave, but in 1993, 84 percent of 21.5 households used a microwave. This 20.0 19.0 18.4 gain may not increase electricity consumption in homes already using electricity for cooking,10 but it would 15.0 12.5 likely increase electricity consumption 11.6 11.5 in the 35 percent of homes that did not 10.0 cook with electricity in 1993, up from 20 percent in 1980. This effect may not 5.0 hold true for homes using newer gas ovens that use an electric glow bar instead of a gas pilot light. The glow 0.0 Appliances and Refrigerators Space Heating, Water Heating, bar, which operates as long as the and Air Conditioning burner is lit, may use more electricity Notes: The denominator includes all households. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-E of the than a microwave oven to heat the same 1980, 1987, and 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Surveys. thing.11 Although the increase in use of other electrical appliances was not as dramatic as that of microwaves, homes did use more electrical appliances in 1993 than in 1980 and 1987. The use of personal computers, for example, is increasing. The 1990 RECS, the first to collect data on the use of personal computers, showed that 16 percent of households had a personal computer. By 1993, this percent had increased to 23 percent of homes.12 Million Btu Per Household Million Refrigerators Because consumption for refrigerators was not estimated for the 1980 and 1987 RECS, the appliance end use included consumption for refrigerators. In order to compare appliance consumption for these years with appliance consumption for 1993, the estimates for refrigerators and appliances must be combined for 1993. 10 Heating foods in a microwave requires less energy than using other technologies. See, Alex Wilson and John Morrill, Consumer Guide to Home Energy Savings, 4th edition, American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, Washington, DC, 1995, p. 188. 11 See Brian Pon, “Hot Potato,” Home Energy, November/December 1993, p.14. It took 110 watt-hours (Wh) to bake a potato in a microwave oven, 140 Wh in a pre-heated gas oven, and 200 Wh in a gas oven with a cold start. These energy readings did not include the value of gas consumed. 12 For more details on appliances, See Energy Information Administration, Housing Characteristics 1993, DOE/EIA-0314(93). Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 9 13 Natural Gas Natural gas is used predominantly for space and water heating, with space heating accounting for about 70 percent of all household consumption and water heating accounting for 25 percent (Table 3.2). Only 5 percent of natural gas is consumed for cooking, clothes drying, or heating water for hot tubs or swimming pools. Figure 3.7. Percent of Households with Selected Electrical Appliances, 1980, 1987, and 1993 Survey Year 1980 120.0 97.7 92.7 84.1 82.0 71.6 73.3 60.8 77.1 1987 1993 100.0 Percent of Households 80.0 60.0 43.1 45.2 46.9 50.7 37.2 56.6 54.8 40.0 39.2 Difficult to Estimate Small End Uses of Natural Gas 20.0 19.8 14.2 Unlike electricity, producing Microwave Dishwasher Clothes Electric Clothes Color TV Two or More Washer Dryer Color TV's acceptable end-use estimates for Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-E of the 1980, smaller uses of natural gas, such as 1987, and 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. cooking and clothes drying, is not possible. The smaller end uses are combined in the appliance component (Table 3.2). One reason for this difficulty is that space heating dominates the use of natural gas (70 percent of consumption) to such an extent that other smaller end uses are difficult to isolate in the statistical procedures that estimate end-use consumption. The problem of separating end-use consumption is made more difficult with the interactive effects as when cooking with natural gas in the winter decreases the need for space heating. A frequent case was one in which electricity was used for cooking, but not for space heating. Estimating separate end uses for electricity is easier because of its diversity of end uses, with no single end use or appliance dominating (Table 3.1). Table 3.2. U.S. Residential End-Use Consumption of Natural Gas, 1993 Appliance/End Use Total Households Using Natural Gas . . Million Annual Thermsa Consumed per Natural Gas Consumption for 1993 Households Household for End Use Indicated Trillion Btu Percent 58.7 899 5,274 100 0.0 Main Space-Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.4 709 3,644 69 Secondary Space-Heating . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 215 26 (b) Water Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.4 255 1,312 25 Air-Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 238 2 (b ) Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.8 77 290 5 a A therm is 100,000 Btu. b Less than 0.5 percent. Note: Appliances include ranges, ovens, clothes dryers, outdoor gas lights and gas grills, hot tubs, and swimming pool heaters. Sources: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A-C and F of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) and RECS Public Use Data Files. Energy Consumption in New Homes Constructed from 1988 Through 1993 The use of energy in new homes is of continuing interest to a wide range of groups. A number of nationally and locally sponsored programs promote building energy-efficient homes and manufacturing energy-efficient equipment they will contain. The 1993 RECS sample increased the subsample of new homes by a factor of nearly three over the 1990 RECS subsample to better assess changes in consumption behavior and the effects of climate, energy conservation efforts, and energy prices on residential energy consumption. The 1993 RECS has a sample of 1,139 new homes constructed between 1988 and 1993. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 14 These different measures of intensity have been put together on a scale giving the value for homes built in 1979 or earlier the base value of 100. All other homes are thus compared to how well the pre-1980 homes are doing on various intensity measures. Intensity Measures In the following section, energy use in new homes is displayed by using a variety of measures that benchmark specific intensities of energy consumption. Some measures control for more factors than others, making then inherently better able to show change. The intensity measures are: Space Heating: kWh (Btu for gas) per heating degree-day per 1,000 square feet of heated floorspace Central Air-Conditioning: kWh per cooling degree-day per 1,000 square feet of cooled floorspace Water Heating: kWh (Btu for gas) per person in the household Refrigerators: kWh per refrigerator Appliances: kWh (Btu for gas) per household Electricity Consumption Space Heating. The most Figure 3.8. End-Use Electricity Intensities By Year of Construction, 1993 consistent drop in electricity intensities is in space heating Year of Construction (Figure 3.8). The drop represents 1979 and Before 1980 - 1987 1988 - 1993 140 an improvement in intensities, indicating that less energy is being 120 used in newer homes if variations in 109 109 111 the weather and the size of the space 100 100 100 102 100 100 100 94 94 94 to be heated are controlled for. The 88 86 drop signifies that newer homes are 79 80 built to be more energy efficient and have not suffered from the toll that 60 aging exacts on the capability of the housing shell to counteract the 40 effects of cold weather. Newer homes are more likely to have more 20 efficient electrical heating systems, such as heat pumps; and older 0 Space Heating Water Heating Central A/C Refrigerator Appliances electrically heated homes more often Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-C, E, and have a central electric-resistant H of the Residential Energy Consumption Surveys. warm-air furnace.13 The improved performance of new homes built since 1988 indicates they are using energy at a rate that is 79 percent of the rate for homes built in 1979 or before. Central Air-Conditioning and Water Heating. New homes used electricity less intensively for central air-conditioning and water heating. This probably reflected the improved efficiency of the new equipment. The age of the equipment is inversely related to energy efficiency. Scale (Built in 1979 or Before = 100) 13 See Housing Characteristics 1993, DOE/EIA 0314(93), Table 3.8a, for the type of electric heating equipment by year of construction. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 15 It is interesting to note that very new Figure 3.9. Indices for Impact of Climate, Shading, Floorspace, and Income by Year of Construction, 1993 homes are much less likely to be shaded from the afternoon sun than Year of Construction are older, more established homes 1979 and Before 1980 - 1987 1988 - 1993 160 (Figure 3.9). This factor would generally lead to higher energy use to 135 140 133 mitigate the effects of direct sunlight.14 123 120 118 However, the analysis of these RECS 120 data did not show any effect of 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 shading on air-conditioning usage, 83 80 even when the cooling degree-days, 80 window versus central equipment, and 56 60 usage patterns are held constant. This may be due to the fact that the RECS 40 questionnaire contained only one 20 general question about shading. About one-quarter of new homes are 0 shaded, compared with homes built Family Heated CDD (30 Year) HDD (30 Year) Shaded Income Floorspace before 1980; half of the homes built CDD = Cooling Degree-Day. HDD = Heating Degree-Day. before 1980 are now shaded.15 Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-C of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. Refrigerators. New homes with newer equipment use less energy for their refrigerators than homes built before 1980. Appliances. New homes use more electricity for appliances. This may reflect the fact that the income levels of households in new homes is higher than for older homes and they can afford a greater variety of appliances (Figure 3.9). Consumption of electricity for appliances, which in general constitutes about half of the average electricity bill, is the single greatest source of increased electricity consumption in new homes. Natural Gas Consumption Figure 3.10. Natural Gas End-Use Intensities by Year of Construction, 1993 The largest gains in improved intensity for consumption of natural gas is with space heating (Figure 3.10). Consumption intensity in new homes is 59 percent of the intensity of homes built before 1980. Changes in intensity of the consumption for water heating have been marginal. And, although more natural gas is consumed for appliances in new homes, relatively fewer new homes use natural gas for appliances.16 Natural gas used for appliances includes its use in clothes dryers, for cooking, outdoor grills or lights, and heaters for hot tubs or swimming pools. Year of Construction 1979 and Before 1980 - 1987 1988 - 1993 Scale (Built in 1979 or Before = 100) Scale (Built in 1979 or Before = 100) 140 120 107 115 100 100 95 100 100 100 80 60 40 20 0 74 59 Space Heating Water Heating Appliances CDD = Cooling Degree-Day. HDD = Heating Degree-Day. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-C and F of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. See Hashem Akbari et al., "Measured Savings in Air-Conditioning from Shade Trees and White Surfaces" in ACEEE 1992 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Vol. 9, pp. 1-10. 15 See Housing Characteristics 1993, DOE/EIA 0314(93), Table 3.29b. Among homes that use natural gas for any purpose, 66 percent use it for appliances in homes built before 1980, 62 percent in homes built from 1980 to 1987, and 54 percent in homes built from 1988 to 1993. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 16 14 16 Summary New homes show the greatest improvement in the intensity of energy for space heating. Both electrically heated homes and natural gas-heated homes use energy less intensively for space heating than homes built before 1980. New homes’ heating equipment is the most efficient and their shells are better insulated, so this improvement is to be expected. A number of States have adopted new building codes, which also contributes to this improvement.17 RECS does not collect data on the efficiency of the stock of heating equipment, so age of the equipment must be used as the surrogate measure of equipment efficiency. New homes are larger than homes built in the past (Figure 3.9). New homes show a slight improvement in the intensity of electricity for water heating, central air-conditioning, and refrigerators, but their use of natural gas for water heating has shown little improvement in intensity in new homes. New homes use more electricity for appliances than homes built before 1980. Changes in Main Space-Heating Fuel Every RECS has reported that the Figure 3.11. Main Space-Heating Fuel by Year of Construction, 1993 majority of housing units use natural 61.0 6.7 1939 or Before 20.1 gas as their main space- heating 5.9 62.2 fuel. This is primarily because 10.4 1940 to 1949 17.1 5.2 natural gas dominates the pre-1970 62.1 14.9 1950 to 1959 housing stock, which accounts for 13.6 4.0 59.3 about 57 percent of the total 23.1 1960 to 1969 8.0 residential housing units. Figure 4.3 Natural Gas 42.1 3.11 shows the percentage of 38.7 Electricity 1970 to 1979 6.6 5.3 Fuel Oil households using natural gas, 40.4 46.9 LPG 1980 to 1984 electricity, fuel oil, and liquefied 3.2 3.7 39.2 petroleum gas as the main space50.3 1985 to 1987 3.0 heating fuel by the year of 4.4 38.0 46.1 construction. 1988 to 1990 4.5 Year of Construction 5.2 46.4 42.6 2.9 There are two components of 7.6 change in main space-heating 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 fuel—fuel choice in new buildings Percent of All Households Source: Energy Information Administration, and conversion in existing units. 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-C of the Among housing units built before 1970, natural gas is the predominant space-heating fuel, used in more than half of the housing units. Among housing units built during the 1970's, natural gas and electricity use are nearly even, with each fuel found in a little over 40 percent of all households. Electricity dominates in homes built during the 1980's. For housing units constructed in 1991 through 1993, natural gas is again found in the majority of housing units. 1991 to 1993 The RECS data do not distinguish between the households that chose their space-heating fuel at the time the unit was constructed and the homes that converted to a different fuel some time after the unit was constructed. However, other data sources18 (presented in Figures 3.12 and 3.13) suggest that the majority of housing units constructed before the 1960's (the first three series in Figure 3.11) must have converted from another fuel (most likely coal or wood). On the other hand, the distribution of space-heating fuels among housing units constructed in 1960 or later (the bottom half of Figure 3.11) reflects primarily the choice of space heating fuel at the time of construction. For up-to-date information about State activity in adopting new building energy standards, call Pacific Northwest Laboratory’s 24-hour hotline (800-270-2633). 18 Morrison, Bonnie Maas, “Ninety Years of U.S. Household Energy History: A Quantitative Update” ACEEE 1992 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Volume 10, pp. 10.125-10.134, American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy; U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Construction Report, Series C25, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 17 17 Percent of Total Household Consumption Figure 3.12 shows the change Figure 3.12. Total Household Energy Consumption by Energy Source, 1900-1990 throughout the 20th century in the percentage of all household fuel Coal Wood Natural Gas Electricity Fuel Oil LPG consumption accounted for by coal, 80 wood, natural gas, electricity, and fuel oil. Prior to the 1950's, coal accounted for the majority of 60 household energy consumption, followed by wood. In the 1950's, the use of natural gas and fuel oil 40 began to increase. By the 1960's, natural gas was the predominant household fuel. Electricity 20 consumption began to rise in the 1960's, surpassed the use of fuel oil in the 1980's and has increased steadily ever since. 0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 The RECS data are not suited for 20.0 showing conversions in main spaceheating fuel, because respondents 10.0 are not asked if they have changed their main space-heating fuel. 0.0 1975-1979 1980-1984 1985-1987 1988-1990 1991-1993 However, data from the American Note: Gas includes natural gas and propane. 20 Gas Association do suggest that Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Characteristics of New Housing, 1975-1993 . housing units are converting to natural gas. For example, in 1982, nearly 250,000 housing units coverted to natural gas—mostly from oil. Throughout the 1980's, an increasing number of households converting to natural gas converted from electricity. For example, in 1982, the number of housing units converting to natural gas from electricity was less than 25,000. By 1992, the annual number had increased to close to 100,000. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Construction Reports, Series C25 Characteristics of New Housing: 1993, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC, 1994. 20 American Gas Association, Residential Natural Gas Market Survey, 1992. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 19 18 Percent of All New Construction Source: Morrison, Bonnie Maas, "Ninety Years of U.S. Household Energy History: A Quantitative Update" Figure 3.13 shows the change over ACEEE 1992 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Volume 10, pp. 10.125-10.134, American Council the past 18 years in the fuels used in for an Energy-Efficient Economy. newly constructed housing units.19 For those housing units constructed between 1975 and 1987, the Figure 3.13. Main Space-Heating Fuel in U.S. Single-Family and Multifamily Housing Units Constructed Between majority have electricity for their 1975 and 1993 main space-heating fuel. Among housing units built in 1988 or later, Electricity Gas natural gas was the predominant 70.0 fuel. Although the RECS data do not show natural gas regaining its 60.0 prominence until 1991-1993, both Figures 3.11 and 3.13 reflect a 50.0 similar trend of an increase in the number of households using 40.0 electricity, followed by a resurgence of the use of natural gas. 30.0 Decade Do Homes with Natural Gas Water Heaters Use More Hot Water than Homes with Electric Water Heaters? The answer seems to be “No,” based on water usage indicators (Table 3.3). Homes using different water-heating fuels do not differ much in number of household members, one of the most important determinants of hot water usage. Nor do they differ much in the loads of laundry or loads of dishes washed, in the number of showers or baths, or number of meals cooked. It is possible that homes differ in other ways such as the length or temperature of showers taken or use of cold water for laundry. But those differences would probably have to be dramatic to overcome the similarity in bathing and laundry usage. Table 3.3. Water Usage Indicators by Main Water-Heating Energy Source, 1993 (Percent of Households) Usage Indicators Electricity Main Water-Heating Energy Source Natural Gas Other Fuel or No Water Heating Household Size 1 Person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 23.8 25.1 2 Persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 31.4 30.8 3 Persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.6 17.4 18.1 4 Persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 16.4 14.4 5 or more Persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 10.9 11.5 Loads of Laundry Washed Each Week Less than 1 Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 to 5 Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.5 37.4 36.5 6 to 10 Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.1 25.3 23.6 11 to 15 Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 9.2 9.6 16 or more Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.5 4.9 No Washing Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.6 23.5 25.2 Dishwasher Use Less than Once a Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 2.1 1.5 A Few Times a Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 21.0 15.3 Several Times a Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 13.5 9.3 Every Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 7.6 8.5 More than Every Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 1.4 0.8 No Dishwasher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.1 54.4 64.6 Number of Showers/Baths Taken Each Week 9 or Fewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.9 29.0 29.8 10 to 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.9 42.5 41.7 21 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.2 25.8 25.3 Not Applicable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NC NC 3.2 Number of Hot Meals Cooked in the House 2 or More a Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.0 35.9 39.5 1 a Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1 43.8 48.3 A Few a Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.5 16.4 10.4 About 1 a Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 1.9 1.1 Less than 1 a Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 2.0 0.3 Not Applicable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.1 0.4 NC = No cases in sample. Note: Because of independent rounding, data may not sum to totals. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-H of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 19 Percent of Income Spent on Energy For 1993, the median percent of Figure 3.14. Percent of Income spent on Energy, 1981-1993 income spent on energy, not 20 including transportation, was 4 percent for all households, 6 percent Poor Households for elderly households, and 14 15 percent for low-income households (i.e., those below the poverty line) (Figure 3.14). The difference between the low-income group and 10 all households has diminished Elderly Households somewhat since 1981.21 Over this (60 years or older) period of time, poverty household All Households 5 income (in constant dollars) rose slightly, while energy expenditures (in constant dollars) were lower at the end of the period. 0 Median Percent 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 Note: Energy does not include transportation. Poor is below 100 percent of poverty. Although households in the lowest Source: Energy Information Administration, Forms EIA-457 of the 1981, 1984, 1987, 1990, and 1993 income group were paying annually Residential Energy Consumption Survey. about one-third less for the energy they used compared to households in the upper income groups, they Figure 3.15. Energy Expenditures per Square Foot, 1993 were paying about one-third more on a square foot basis than the upper 0.9 Less than $5,000 income groups (Figure 3.15). The 0.8 $5,000 - $9,999 lowest income group paid $991 for home energy in 1993 compared to 0.7 $10,000 - $14,999 $1,493 for households earning 0.7 $15,000 - $19,999 between $50,000 and $74,999, but they paid $0.88 per square foot 0.7 $20,000 - $24,999 compared to $0.63 per square foot 0.7 $25,000 - $34,999 paid by the higher income group. The reason for this is that low 0.6 $35,000 - $49,999 income households live in smaller homes. Smaller homes, by nature, 0.6 $50,000 - $74,999 have higher energy costs on a 0.6 $75,000 or More square-foot basis (Table 5.1). Annual Family Income 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Expenditures per Square Foot (Dollars) Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-C of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey, Table 3.1. For further analysis of these trends, see Administration for Children and Families, Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program Report to Congress for Fiscal Year 1992, January 1994, Appendices E and K. For income in constant dollars, see p. 164. For constant dollar expenditures for 1979 to 1990, see p. 168. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 21 20 4. Special Analyses This section highlights studies that have narrow focuses—a comparison of all-electric homes and mixed-fuel homes, expenditures and consumption in the four most populous States, and expenditures and consumption in the five climate zones in the United States. All-Electric Homes and Mixed-Fuel Homes Table 5.10 shows that electricity costs more per million Btu than any other fuel, but households that use electricity as their main space-heating fuel have lower overall energy expenditures than households that heat with other fuels (Figure 4.1). This section discusses some of the reasons for this apparent contradiction. Households that heat with electricity Figure 4.1. Total Energy Expenditures by Main Space-Heating Fuel, 1993 use fewer Btu than households that heat with other fuels. For example, 1,800 households that use electricity for 1,564 1,600 main space heating consume 3,207 1,524 Btu per heating degree-day per 1,400 1,294 1,000 square feet of floorspace. In contrast, households that heat with 1,157 1,200 natural gas consume 8,652 Btu per 1,000 heating degree-day per 1,000 square feet of floorspace. This 800 difference is reversed when one considers primary energy. The Btu 600 value for electricity is then 9,662 400 Btu in primary energy. Total Energy Expenditures per Household (Dollars) 200 Households that use only electricity 0 tend to be newer and to have Electricity Natural Gas LPG Fuel Oil cheaper electric rates than mixedMain Space-Heating Fuel fuel homes. More of them are Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms A-G of the 1993 located in the South, where space- Residential Energy Consumption Survey heating demands are lower. Table 4.1 describes the characteristics, consumption, and expenditures of three different types of households, defined by the types of energy they use: All-Electric households use only electricity for all end uses. Some Electric households use some electricity for space heating or water heating and use at least one other type of fuel. Fossil-Fuel households use fossil fuels (natural gas, fuel oil, LPG, etc.) for both space heating and water heating. Table 4.1. Characteristics of Households by Type of Fuel Consumption, 1993 All Electric Total Energy Expenditures (dollars) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cost of Electricity per Kilowatthour (cents) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating Degree-Days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cooling Degree-Days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heated Square Footage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent Single-Family Detached Homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent Built After 1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,145 7.3 3,528 1,807 1,410 46% 74% Some Electric 1,349 8.3 4,639 1,299 1,685 71% 38% Fossil Fuel 1,299 9.6 4,908 1,139 1,689 63% 33% Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-G of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 21 Not only do mixed-fuel households have more of the characteristics that increase consumption, such as more heating degreedays and older building shells, but they also use large amounts of electricity for air-conditioning, refrigeration, and appliances. Table 4.2 shows the electricity consumption and expenditures, by end use, for the three household types. Table 4.2. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures by Household Type, 1993 All Electric Total Consumption (kilowatthours) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Space-Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air-Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refrigeration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Expenditures (dollars) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Space-Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air-Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refrigeration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,639 4,672 2,500 2,075 1,433 4,958 1,145 330 183 160 109 364 Some Electric 10,700 910 1,709 1,338 1,388 5,355 885 73 137 109 118 448 Fossil Fuel 7,152 0 0 1,131 1,359 4,662 684 0 0 104 134 447 Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-C and E of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. Electricity Expenditures Dominate Total Household Energy Expenditures Regardless of main space-heating Figure 4.2. Expenditures for Electricity and Other Fuels, 1993 fuel, U.S. households spend more on Expenditures For: electricity than on all other fuels Electricity Other Fules combined. In particular, households 1,112 Electricity 46 that heat with natural gas spend 935 $703 per year on electricity but Wood 183 spend only $591 per year on other 871 LPG 653 fuels, including natural gas. Main Space-Heating Fuel Fuel Oil Kerosene Natural Gas None Coal, Solar, Other All Homes 0 200 400 93 507 63 839 443 360 703 591 619 855 709 749 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 Dollars Note: Expenditures for other fuels include natural gas, fuel oil, kerosene, and LPG. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457A-H of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 22 Evaluating the Energy Value of Electricity Consumption Electricity consumption can be expressed in terms of either   Physical units, most commonly kilowatthours, or a common thermal unit, most commonly British thermal units (Btu). The physical unit provides a clear understanding of the amount of a particular energy source being used, while the thermal unit is a measure of convenience used to aggregate or compare various energy sources measured in different physical units. Converting kilowatthours of electricity to Btu is not a trivial issue, because the amount of input energy needed to create a kilowatthour of electricity is far greater than the amount of useful energy in the kilowatthour at its point of use (in the RECS, the housing unit). Therefore, meaningful conversions of electricity use from kilowatthour to Btu can be given in terms of:   Site (point of use) electricity at the universal value of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour. This measurement is most useful to engineers, energy managers, building owners and others trying to improve energy efficiency. Primary (embodied) electricity, at a value that reflects the content of the energy inputs used to produce the electricity. This rate is most useful to policymakers and analysts who are considering global resources and environmental issues. (It is about 3 times the amount of site-electricity use, as discussed below.) For convenience and consistency, the factor used in this report to convert electricity use to primary energy is 10,280 Btu per kilowatthour. This factor represents the approximate average energy input of the generation process for fossil-fuel utility plants in the United States in 1993 (Energy Information Administration,Monthly Energy Review [April 1995]). Note: Specific conversion values for the range of electricity estimates in this report are unknown. Applying the single value to the range of electricity estimates in this report provides only a rough approximation of primary electricity because:   for some types of utility-energy inputs, hydroelectric, wood/waste, wind, and solar (thermal or photovoltaic), there is not generally accepted conversion rate the fossil-fueled, nuclear and geothermal generation processes have known, but different, conversion rates, so the overall conversion rate for these energy sources is a function of their mix. Estimates of primary electricity using this conversion factor should thus be treated with caution. They should be considered rough alternative measures to site energy as indicators of the importance of electricity in the residential sector. RECS State-Level Highlights The 1993 RECS is the first RECS to publish any data at the State level. The sample for the 1993 RECS was designed to provide State-level estimates for the four most populous States: California, Florida, New York, and Texas. The tables in the Detailed Tables section of this report, include these 4 States as a stub item. In addition, the following data provides a consumption and expenditure profile for each of the four States. The household energy end use expenditures are averaged over the households that perform the end use of interest. For example, only 57 percent of New York households have airconditioning. Therefore, the expenditures are averaged over these households only, not over all households in the State. The RECS sample size will support State-level data for only these four States, and not for any other States. To publish Statelevel data for all 50 States would require increasing the RECS sample size by a factor of 5. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 23 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 24 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 25 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 26 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 27 Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Climate One of the most significant factors influencing energy consumption is climate—the length and intensity of the heating and cooling seasons. The United States is divided into five climate zones (see map in Appendix F) based on the average number of heating degree-days and cooling degree-days over a 30-year period. Climate zones do not follow State boundaries, because climate is affected by elevation, proximity to coast lines, latitude, and other physical features. An examination of energy consumption and expenditures in different climate zones reveals different patterns of energy use and different mixes of energy sources. Coldest Zone     Populated by 8.7 million households, the fewest of all climate zones and 9 percent of national total Consumed 124 million Btu of energy per household from all major sources, or 56 thousand Btu per square foot (Figure 5.1) Spent, on average, $1,254 per household for all major sources of energy, only $28 less than the national average per household of $1,282, but these figures do not indicate the cost of wood fuel Used more wood as an energy source—three cords per household on average—than households in other climate zones (Table 5.9). Table 4.3. Average Energy Consumption and Expenditures per Household—Coldest Zone, 1993 End Use Space-Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air-Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refrigerators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a Percent of Households Using Consumption (million Energy for the End Use Btu) 98a 46 99 100 100 80.9 2.9 19.5 3.9 20.4 Expenditures $517 $ 64 $193 $ 91 $437 Remaining 2 percent use coal, wood, or an energy source other than electricity, gas, or oil for space heating. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Tables 5.12. and 5.13 of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. Cold Zone     Populated by 26.5 million households, the most of any climate zone and 27 percent of national total Consumed one-third of all national residential energy—a total of 129.2 million Btu per household, or 62 thousand Btu per square foot. In comparison, the national average is 55 thousand Btu per square foot, and 103.6 million Btu per household (Figure 5.1) Spent a total of $12.52 billion on natural gas—42 percent of the national residential total (Table 5.3) Consumed 2.14 quadrillion Btu of natural gas, 41 percent of the national total (Table 5.2). Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 28 Table 4.4. Average Energy Consumption and Expenditures per Household—Cold Zone, 1993 End Use Space-Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air-Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refrigerators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a Percent of Households Using Consumption (million Energy for the End Use Btu) 99a 58 100 100 100 80.4 4.2 22.5 4.3 20.3 Expenditures $543 $108 $185 $115 $455 Remaining 1 percent use coal, wood, or an energy source other than electricity, gas, or oil for space heating. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Tables 5.12. and 5.13 of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. Moderate Zone     Populated by 22.5 million households, 23 percent of the national total Consumed an average of 108.3 million Btu of major energy sources per household, compared with the national average of 103.6 million Btu per household (Figure 5.1) Consumed 55 thousand Btu per square foot, the same as the national average (Figure 5.1) Spent $2.71 billion on 3.02 billion gallons of fuel oil, the highest total expenditure and the greatest total consumption of any climate zone (Tables 5.2 and 5.3). Table 4.5. Average Energy Consumption and Expenditures per Household—Moderate Zone, 1993 End Use Space-Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air-Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refrigerators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a Percent of Households Using Consumption (million Energy for the End Use Btu) 99a 71 99 100 100 61.3 6.2 19.9 4.5 19.6 Expenditures $488 $160 $189 $123 $456 Remaining 1 percent use coal, wood, or an energy source other than electricity, gas, or oil for space heating. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Tables 5.12. and 5.13 of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. Warm Zone   Populated by 17.8 million households, 18 percent of the national total Consumed 78.5 million Btu per household of all energy sources—less than any other climate zone—compared with national average of 103.6 million Btu (Figure 5.1)  Spent less than other climate zones for energy, $1,107 per household compared with the national average of $1,282 (Figure 5.1). Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 29 Table 4.6. Average Energy Consumption and Expenditures per Household—Warm Zone, 1993 End Use Space-Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air-Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refrigerators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a Percent of Households Using Consumption (million Energy for the End Use Btu) 97a 58 99 100 100 35.0 7.5 17.5 4.6 18.3 Expenditures $292 $179 $160 $128 $434 Remaining 3 percent use wood for space heating or do no space heating. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Tables 5.12. and 5.13 of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. Warmest Zone    Populated by 21.2 million households, 22 percent of the national total Consumed less energy per household for space heating than any other climate zone, and more for air-conditioning Consumed the greatest amount of electricity of all climate zones, 42.6 million Btu per household, compared with the national average of 34.0 million Btu per household (Table 5.4). Table 4.7. Average Energy Consumption and Expenditures per Household—Warmest Zone, 1993 End Use Space-Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air-Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refrigerators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a Percent of Households Using Consumption (million Energy for the End Use Btu) 97a 85 99 100 100 27.5 11.5 14.9 5.9 21.9 Expenditures $253 $275 $162 $147 $479 Remaining 3 percent use wood for space heating or do no space heating. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Tables 5.12. and 5.13 of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures, 1993 30 5. Detailed Tables The following 28 tables present detailed data describing the consumption of and expenditures for energy used by households in the residential sector. The data are presented at the national level, Census region and division levels, for climate zones and for the most populous States, as well as for other selected characteristics of households. This section provides assistance in reading the tables by explaining some of the headings for the categories of data. It also explains the use of the row and column factors to compute the relative standard error of the estimates given in the tables. The section concludes with a "Quick-Reference Guide" to the statistics in the different tables. Organization of the Tables The tables cover consumption and expenditures for six topical areas:       Major Energy Source Space-Heating End Use Air-Conditioning End Use Water-Heating End Use Refrigerator End Use Appliance End Use The tables displaying data by major source (Tables 5.1 through 5.10) present household energy consumption and expenditure data that were obtained from the energy suppliers of the households. The tables present the average consumption and expenditures for all energy sources, followed by tables displaying statistics on individual energy sources. Statistics are provided both for the aggregate of all households and by per-household averages. The tables presenting data by total end use and by space heating, air-conditioning, water heating, refrigerators, and appliances (Tables 5.11 through 5.28) contain nonlinear regression estimates of energy consumption and expenditures. Details concerning the methodology used for the end-use estimates are in Appendix C, "End-Use Estimation Methodology." Data are presented for a total of all energy sources, followed by tables displaying statistics for each energy source. Statistics are provided both by all households and per household averages. Categories of Data in the Table Rows The row categories classify data by specific features of the households. The following, listed in alphabetical order, are explanations of some of the row categories that may require clarification. Below Poverty Line (100 Percent and 125 Percent)—Low-income classifications to which certain households are assigned. "Below 100 percent of poverty line" includes households with incomes below the poverty level as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census and the Office of Management and Budget. "Below 125 percent of poverty" includes households with incomes below 125 percent of the poverty level. These groups of the poor and near-poor represent alternative levels for defining poverty. The poverty line varies with the number of family members in the household and the income of the entire family. (See Eligible for Federal Assistance below.) Census Region—Four regions as defined by the U.S. Bureau of Census. For a map showing the four Census regions (and nine Census divisions), see Appendix F. For a listing of the States included in each Census region (and division), see the Glossary. Climate Zone—One of five climatically distinct areas, defined by long-term weather conditions affecting the heating and cooling loads in buildings. The zones were developed by the Energy End Use and Integrated Statistics Division (EEUISD) from seven distinct climate categories originally identified by the American Institute of Architects (AIA) for the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The zones were determined according to the 30-year average (1961-1990) of the annual heating and cooling degree-days (base 65 degrees Fahrenheit). For a map, see Appendix F. For additional details, see the Glossary. Eligible for Federal Assistance—Households are categorized as eligible for federal energy assistance if their income is below the federal maximum standard. The Federal standard is 150 percent of the poverty line or 60 percent of statewide median income, whichever is the higher income. Individual States can set the standard at a lower level than the federal maximum. (See Below Poverty Line above.) Family Income—The total combined income (before taxes and deductions) of all members of the family from all sources, for the 12 months prior to the interview. This definition includes the total income of all family members who lived in the household during the 12 months prior to the interview, regardless of whether they were living there at the time of the interview. For additional details, see Family Income Category in the Glossary. Heated Floorspace—The portion of floorspace that is heated during most of the winter season. Rooms that are shut off during the heating season to save fuel are not counted as heated square footage. Attached garages that are unheated and unheated areas in basements and attics are not counted as heated floorspace. Ownership of Housing Unit describes the relationship of a housing unit's occupants to the structure itself, not the land on which the structure is sited. "Owned" means the owner or co-owner is a member of the household and the housing unit is either fully paid for or mortgaged. A household is classified "rented" even if the rent is paid by someone not living in the unit. "Rent-free" means the unit is not owned and no money is paid or contracted for rent. Such units are usually provided in exchange for services rendered or as an allowance or favor from a relative or friend not living in the unit. Unless shown separately, rent-free households are grouped with rented households. Type of Housing Unit—"Single-Family Housing Unit" is a unit that provides living space for one household or family. The structure may be detached or attached to another unit. Attached houses are considered single-family houses as long as the house itself is not divided into more than one housing unit and has an independent outside entrance. A single-family house is contained within walls that go from the basement or the ground floor (if there is no basement) to the roof. (A mobile home with one or more rooms added is classified as a single-family home.) Townhouses, rowhouses, and duplexes are considered single-family attached housing units, as long as there is no household living above another one within the walls that go from the basement to the roof to separate the units. "Multifamily (two to four units)" is a housing unit in a building with two to four housing units—a structure that is divided into living quarters for two, three, or four families or households and in which one household lives above another. This category also includes houses originally intended for occupancy by one family (or for some other use) that have been converted into separate dwellings for two to four families. Typical arrangements in these types of living quarters are separate apartments downstairs and upstairs or one apartment on each of three or four floors. "Multifamily (five or more units)" is a housing unit in a building with five or more housing units—a structure that is divided into living quarters for five or more families or households and in which one household lives above another. "Mobile Home" is a housing unit built on a movable chassis and moved to the site. It may be placed on a permanent or temporary foundation and may contain one or more rooms. If rooms are added to the structure, it is considered a singlefamily housing unit. A manufactured house assembled on site is a single-family housing unit, not a mobile home. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 32 Statistical Significance of Data Row and Column Factors The tables provide row factors in the far-right column and column factors on the top line of each table. These factors are to be used to determine the Relative Standard Error (RSE) for each estimate, which, in turn, can be used to determine the standard error and the confidence level of the estimate and to determine whether the difference between any two figures is statistically significant. However, since the RSE's are only approximate, standard errors, confidence intervals, and statistical tests must also be regarded as only approximate. For more details about the derivation of the row and column RSE factors, see Appendix B, "Quality of the Data." To calculate the RSE for a specific estimate, multiply the row factor by the column factor, as illustrated in Figure 5.1, an excerpt from Table 5.10 of this report. This table shows that the average expenditure for natural gas in 1993 among U. S. households that were located in suburban areas was $6.03 per million Btu. Multiplying 1.9 (the row factor) by 0.8 (the column factor) yields an approximate RSE of 1.52 percent. Figure 5.1. Use of RSE Row and Column Factors Table 5.10. Average Expenditures for Major Energy Sources in U.S. Households, 1993 (Dollars per Million Btu) Characteristics RSE Column Factors: Largest Populated States California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Urban Status Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Central City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Suburban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Climate Zone Under 2,000 CDD and—Over 7,000 HDD . . . . . 5,500 to 7,000 HDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000 to 5,499 HDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Under 4,000 HDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,000 CDD or More and—Under 4,000 HDD . . . Major Energy Natural Liquefied Sources Electricity Gas Fuel Oil Kerosene Petroleum Gas 1.0 14.47 22.63 13.01 14.24 12.35 11.84 12.67 12.50 10.11 10.50 12.54 14.10 16.03 0.8 32.86 24.41 40.62 23.52 25.70 26.99 25.55 21.82 22.19 25.15 24.75 25.91 24.27 0.8 6.09 8.48 8.37 5.54 6.17 6.35 6.03 5.55 5.39 5.85 6.82 6.20 5.90 0.8 Q Q 6.28 NC 6.48 5.94 6.67 6.41 6.31 6.52 6.47 6.53 Q 1.3 Q 9.52 7.79 Q 8.21 7.87 8.38 8.96 7.69 8.17 8.95 8.04 8.97 1.7 15.42 16.00 13.83 8.98 10.92 12.28 10.72 9.62 9.51 9.10 9.92 11.12 11.31 RSE Row Factors 2.2 5.9 3.1 5.6 1.7 2.5 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.2 Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. Standard Errors Since the estimates presented in the following tables are based on a sample of residential housing units, they are subject to sampling error, or standard error. To determine the standard error for an estimate in these tables, multiply the approximate RSE by the estimate. For example, to determine the standard error of the average expenditures for natural gas in 1993 among U.S. households located in suburban areas, multiply $6.03 per million Btu by .0152 (the approximate RSE). The result, $0.09 per million Btu, is the approximate standard error for the estimate. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 33 Confidence Levels For each of the estimates given in the tables, a 95-percent confidence range can be determined with the estimate at the midpoint. To calculate the 95-percent confidence range for a given figure: 1. Multiply the RSE row factor by the RSE column factor to determine the approximate RSE. 2. Multiply the approximate RSE (divided by 100) by the estimate given in the table to determine the approximate standard error. 3. Multiply the result by 1.96 to determine approximate 2 standard errors. 4. Subtract the result of Step 3 from the given estimate to determine the bottom of the range. 5. Add the result of Step 3 to the given estimate to determine the top of the range. The result of these steps will yield a range with the property where by, in repeated surveys, the estimate would fall in the range constructed in this way 95 percent of the time. For example, to determine the confidence range for the estimated average expenditures for natural gas of $6.03 per million Btu in 1993 among U.S. households located in the suburban areas: 1. Multiply 1.9 (the RSE row factor) by 0.8 (the RSE column factor), which yields 1.52 percent (the approximate RSE). 2. Multiply .0152 (the approximate RSE) by $6.03 per million Btu (the estimate), which yields $0.091656 per million Btu (the approximate standard error). 3. Multiply $0.091656 per million Btu by 1.96, which yields $0.18 per million Btu (approximate 2 standard errors). 4. To determine the bottom of the range, subtract $0.18 per million Btu from $6.03 per million Btu, which yields $5.85 per million Btu. 5. To determine the top of the range, add $0.18 per million Btu to $6.03 per million Btu, which yields $6.21 per million Btu. It can then be said with 95-percent confidence that, in 1993, the average expenditures for natural gas among U.S. households located in suburban areas fell between $5.85 and $6.21 per million Btu. Statistical Significance Between Two Statistics The difference between any two estimates given in the detailed tables may or may not be statistically significant. Statistical significance for the difference between two independent variables is computed as: Sx x  [Sx ]2  [Sx ]2 1 2 1 2 where S is the standard error, x1 is the first estimate, and x2 is the second estimate. The result of this computation is to be multiplied by 1.96, and if this result is less than the difference between the two estimates, the difference is statistically significant. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 34 For example, the average expenditures for natural gas among U.S. households located in suburban areas in 1993 was $6.03 per million Btu. The comparable amount for U.S. households located in rural areas was $5.55 per million Btu, an estimated difference of $0.48 per million Btu. The standard error for the $6.03 per million Btu suburban estimate (x ) is $0.09, and 1 the standard error for the $5.55 per million Btu rural estimate (x ) is $0.10: 2 Sx x  0.092  0.102 1 2 Sx x  0.13 1 2 Multiplying $0.13 by 1.96 yields $0.26 per million Btu. Since $0.26 per million Btu is less than the $0.48 per million Btu difference between the 1993 suburban and rural natural gas estimates, the difference is statistically significant. Quick-Reference Guide Following is a Quick-Reference Guide that lists the table headings covered in the detailed tables and shows the table number for each of the tables. Quick-Reference Guide Topic Energy Consumption and Expenditures Average of All Major Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumption by Each Major Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures by Each Major Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electricity, per Household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natural Gas, per Household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel Oil, per Household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kerosene, per Household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), per Household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wood Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average Expenditures by Each Major Energy Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy End Use Consumption and Expenditures by End Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumption by End Use, per Household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures by End Use, per Household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Space-Heating Consumption and Expenditures Electricity and Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel Oil, Kerosene, and LPG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electricity, per Household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natural Gas, per Household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel Oil, per Household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LPG, per Household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air-Conditioning Consumption and Expenditures Electricity for all A/C and Central A/C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electricity for Room A/C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water-Heating Consumption and Expenditures Electricity and Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel Oil and Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electricity and Natural Gas, per Household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel Oil and Natural Gas, per Household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appliances and Refrigerator Consumption and Expenditures Electricity, Natural Gas, and LPG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electricity, per Household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natural Gas and LPG, per Household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table Numbers 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 35 Table 5.1. Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 Average of Major Energy Sources 1 Residential Buildings Consumption Expenditures (dollars) Characteristics Total Households (million) Total Number (million) Total Floorspace (billion sq. ft.) per Building (million Btu) per Square Foot (thousand Btu) per Household (million Btu) per Household Member (million Btu) per Building per Square Foot per Household per Household Member RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 Total U.S. Households .............. 96.6 76.5 181.2 131 55 103.6 40 1,620 0.68 1,282 491 1.3 Census Region and Division Northeast ................................... New England .......................... Middle Atlantic ........................ Midwest ...................................... East North Central ................. West North Central ................ South .......................................... South Atlantic ......................... East South Central ................ West South Central ............... West ........................................... Mountain ................................. Pacific ...................................... Largest Populated States California .................................... Florida ........................................ New York ................................... Texas .......................................... Urban Status Urban .......................................... Central City ............................. Suburban ................................. Rural ........................................... Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD .................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD .............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD .............. Under 4,000 HDD .................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD .................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................. Detached ................................. Attached .................................. Mobile Home ............................. Multifamily .................................. 2 to 4 Units ............................. 5 or More Units ...................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 ..................... 1,000 to 1,999 ........................... 2,000 to 2,999 ........................... 3,000 or More ........................... See footnotes at end of table. 19.5 5.1 14.4 23.3 16.4 6.9 33.5 17.4 6.0 10.1 20.4 5.4 15.0 13.8 3.7 10.1 19.0 13.1 5.9 28.4 14.2 5.5 8.7 15.4 4.4 10.9 40.1 10.6 29.4 50.6 35.3 15.2 57.1 29.9 10.8 16.5 33.5 9.3 24.2 173 168 175 165 173 146 104 95 104 118 101 118 94 60 59 60 62 64 56 52 45 53 62 46 57 42 122.4 123.1 122.1 134.3 138.8 123.8 87.9 77.8 94.9 101.1 76.0 98.1 68.2 47 48 46 52 54 49 34 31 37 38 28 38 25 2,157 2,094 2,181 1,640 1,697 1,512 1,540 1,577 1,315 1,619 1,263 1,236 1,274 .74 .73 .75 .62 .63 .58 .76 .75 .67 .86 .58 .59 .58 1,526 1,532 1,523 1,336 1,358 1,282 1,304 1,288 1,200 1,391 953 1,025 928 583 598 578 521 526 508 503 506 463 522 353 396 338 2.4 4.1 2.9 2.3 2.5 4.6 2.5 3.5 4.3 4.6 2.6 4.3 3.3 11.1 5.6 6.8 6.4 8.0 4.3 3.7 5.4 17.9 9.3 12.8 10.8 91 67 225 114 41 31 64 57 65.2 52.1 121.2 94.7 23 20 45 36 1,313 1,527 2,925 1,622 .59 .71 .84 .81 944 1,180 1,577 1,349 330 453 590 506 3.5 5.7 4.7 6.2 75.8 30.6 45.2 20.8 57.2 19.8 37.4 19.3 140.5 47.1 93.4 40.7 137 151 129 113 56 63 52 54 103.2 97.6 107.0 104.7 39 38 40 40 1,689 1,785 1,639 1,415 .69 .75 .66 .67 1,275 1,155 1,356 1,309 488 455 509 501 1.5 2.4 1.7 2.6 8.7 26.5 22.5 17.8 21.2 7.6 20.4 17.0 13.9 17.6 19.3 55.2 44.0 28.5 34.2 142 168 143 101 95 56 62 55 49 49 124.0 129.2 108.3 78.5 79.0 48 51 42 29 30 1,434 1,762 1,796 1,419 1,525 .57 .65 .69 .69 .79 1,254 1,356 1,359 1,107 1,267 481 534 521 408 482 4.8 3.6 4.4 4.9 3.8 66.8 59.5 7.3 5.6 24.2 8.0 16.2 66.8 59.5 7.3 5.6 4.1 2.9 1.2 152.2 139.1 13.1 5.4 23.6 9.6 14.0 119 121 96 82 398 276 692 52 52 53 84 69 83 60 118.5 121.2 96.3 81.9 67.3 99.5 51.5 43 43 37 31 32 41 26 1,441 1,462 1,266 1,203 5,108 3,085 9,951 .63 .63 .70 1.23 .89 .93 .86 1,441 1,462 1,266 1,203 863 1,112 740 517 520 487 454 406 461 373 1.4 1.5 4.7 4.3 3.0 4.4 3.7 29.3 40.2 17.8 9.3 15.3 34.6 17.4 9.1 24.2 68.2 48.6 40.3 128 117 140 172 81 59 50 39 66.7 100.7 136.6 168.8 31 37 47 55 1,675 1,492 1,661 1,936 1.06 .76 .60 .44 875 1,286 1,622 1,901 411 473 552 620 2.3 1.6 2.1 3.6 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 37 Table 5.1. Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Average of Major Energy Sources Residential Buildings 1 Consumption per Square Foot (thousand Btu) per Household Member (million Btu) Expenditures (dollars) Characteristics Total Households (million) Total Number (million) Total Floorspace (billion sq. ft.) per Building (million Btu) per Household (million Btu) per Building per Square Foot per Household per Household Member RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 .......................................... 3 to 5 .......................................... 6 to 8 .......................................... 9 or More ................................... Ownership of Unit Owned ........................................ Rented ........................................ Public Housing ........................ Not Public Housing ................ Rent Subsidy ...................... No Rent Subsidy ................ Year of Construction 1939 or Before .......................... 1940 to 1949 ............................. 1950 to 1959 ............................. 1960 to 1969 ............................. 1970 to 1979 ............................. 1980 to 1984 ............................. 1985 to 1987 ............................. 1988 to 1990 ............................. 1991 to 1993 3 ........................... All Utilities Paid by Household Yes .............................................. No ............................................... 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 ...................... $5,000 to $9,999 ...................... $10,000 to $14,999 .................. $15,000 to $19,999 .................. $20,000 to $24,999 .................. $25,000 to $34,999 .................. $35,000 to $49,999 .................. $50,000 to $74,999 .................. $75,000 or More ....................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................... ............................... ............................... 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 3.2 47.4 40.2 5.8 63.2 33.4 3.4 30.0 2.0 28.0 20.4 6.9 13.1 15.0 18.1 8.5 5.5 4.7 4.5 82.9 13.8 4.1 10.6 11.1 9.6 8.7 14.1 17.5 12.6 8.3 14.4 19.4 24.8 30.7 5.7 19.9 21.4 21.9 27.8 0.7 31.0 39.1 5.7 60.8 15.7 .8 14.9 .7 14.2 16.0 5.9 11.7 11.3 13.1 6.5 4.3 4.0 3.7 73.1 3.3 2.3 6.9 7.8 7.5 6.8 11.5 14.6 11.5 7.6 9.3 13.1 16.9 21.1 3.0 14.0 18.0 18.8 22.7 1.7 59.6 97.7 22.1 143.5 37.7 2.9 34.8 2.2 32.6 40.6 11.6 24.7 27.2 31.7 14.7 10.8 10.0 10.0 168.8 12.4 4.6 12.9 16.0 15.4 14.4 26.4 37.5 29.9 24.3 17.7 25.0 32.8 42.5 6.4 31.8 42.8 46.5 53.7 195 122 130 179 123 161 263 155 214 152 164 132 128 136 122 105 108 106 108 123 309 139 125 128 128 125 127 130 131 153 133 130 129 132 143 136 126 132 129 78 63 52 46 52 67 69 67 70 66 65 67 60 57 50 46 44 43 40 53 83 71 67 62 62 59 55 51 50 48 70 68 67 65 67 60 53 53 55 41.3 79.6 126.3 175.5 118.5 75.2 58.2 77.2 75.8 77.3 129.4 111.8 114.1 102.9 87.9 80.3 85.2 90.4 88.9 108.3 75.2 79.8 81.4 89.7 99.2 96.6 103.5 108.5 119.2 139.9 85.8 87.8 88.6 90.7 75.4 95.4 105.9 113.5 105.6 29 35 42 51 44 31 27 31 33 31 51 45 41 43 34 30 30 31 33 40 36 35 43 38 41 41 39 38 38 45 31 32 32 35 30 32 32 43 59 2,702 1,578 1,572 2,050 1,514 2,033 3,396 1,963 2,552 1,934 1,682 1,463 1,555 1,665 1,694 1,632 1,631 1,544 1,455 1,536 3,453 1,724 1,502 1,502 1,498 1,526 1,592 1,648 1,638 1,983 1,631 1,592 1,595 1,595 1,810 1,690 1,640 1,663 1,500 1.08 .82 .63 .53 .64 .84 .89 .84 .84 .84 .66 .74 .73 .69 .70 .72 .66 .62 .53 .67 .93 .88 .80 .73 .73 .72 .69 .64 .63 .62 .86 .83 .82 .79 .85 .74 .69 .67 .63 574 1,032 1,529 2,008 1,457 953 753 976 905 981 1,325 1,240 1,387 1,257 1,222 1,247 1,284 1,322 1,200 1,356 840 991 977 1,051 1,163 1,182 1,302 1,379 1,493 1,809 1,055 1,078 1,092 1,096 956 1,187 1,380 1,429 1,227 409 451 514 588 537 393 350 397 390 397 525 496 495 522 472 459 459 452 448 503 397 433 511 446 478 501 493 477 478 588 377 388 395 419 377 394 417 546 681 7.9 1.8 1.6 4.6 1.4 2.3 8.5 2.5 8.2 2.6 2.7 3.7 3.6 3.1 2.9 3.6 4.8 4.3 6.0 1.3 3.8 5.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.2 2.8 2.3 2.5 3.7 3.1 2.6 2.3 2.2 5.7 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.1 Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................. Age of Householder Under 25 Years ......................... 25 to 34 Years .......................... 35 to 44 Years .......................... 45 to 59 Years .......................... 60 Years and Over ................... See footnotes at end of table. 38 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.1. Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Average of Major Energy Sources 1 Residential Buildings Consumption Expenditures (dollars) Characteristics Total Households (million) Total Number (million) Total Floorspace (billion sq. ft.) per Building (million Btu) per Square Foot (thousand Btu) per Household (million Btu) per Household Member (million Btu) per Building per Square Foot per Household per Household Member RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 Education of Householder 12 Years or Fewer .................... 13 to 16 Years .......................... 17 Years or More ..................... Race of Householder White .......................................... Black ........................................... Other 5 ......................................... Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes .............................................. No ............................................... Household Size 1 Person .................................... 2 Persons ................................... 3 Persons ................................... 4 Persons ................................... 5 Persons ................................... 6 or More Persons ................... 1 2 3 51.5 33.6 11.5 41.0 26.6 8.9 85.6 69.1 26.5 126 133 146 61 51 49 100.6 105.0 112.4 38 40 45 1,540 1,681 1,808 0.74 .65 .61 1,226 1,330 1,394 463 512 556 1.6 1.9 3.0 80.2 10.9 5.5 66.2 7.0 3.3 158.6 15.2 7.4 128 167 121 53 77 55 105.3 106.7 72.7 41 39 22 1,584 1,956 1,642 .66 .90 .74 1,307 1,250 988 513 461 295 1.4 4.0 5.3 7.9 88.7 5.2 71.3 11.2 170.1 123 131 57 55 81.2 105.5 25 41 1,612 1,621 .75 .68 1,065 1,302 332 508 4.5 1.3 23.5 31.7 16.6 14.6 6.8 3.5 14.8 25.8 13.9 13.0 6.1 3.0 32.1 61.9 32.3 32.4 15.0 7.5 122 124 135 140 136 158 56 52 58 56 55 62 76.7 101.3 112.9 125.2 122.3 133.9 77 51 38 31 24 20 1,437 1,540 1,693 1,750 1,770 2,012 .66 .64 .73 .70 .72 .79 904 1,253 1,416 1,561 1,588 1,708 904 626 472 390 318 251 2.5 1.8 2.2 2.0 3.2 6.7 Major Energy Sources include: electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas. Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes 1.7 million householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A-G of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 39 Table 5.2. Total Consumption in U.S. Households, 1993 Electricity Primary Major Energy Sources 1 (quadrillion Btu) (quadrillion Btu) Site (quadrillion Btu) (quadrillion Btu) (billion cubic feet) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) Natural Gas Fuel Oil Kerosene Liquefied Petroleum Gas Characteristics (billion kWh) RSE Row Factors 4.8 10.7 14.9 13.8 10.0 11.6 16.8 7.8 9.3 16.2 13.7 10.6 13.8 12.7 8.8 19.8 22.9 20.1 5.9 9.1 6.6 9.4 RSE Column Factors: 0.4 Total U.S. Households .............. 10.01 2.38 .62 1.76 3.13 2.27 .86 2.95 1.35 .57 1.02 1.55 .53 1.02 .73 .29 .82 .61 7.82 2.99 4.84 2.18 0.4 9.89 1.42 .37 1.05 2.23 1.50 .74 4.54 2.25 .90 1.39 1.70 .50 1.20 .68 .76 .40 .88 7.33 2.51 4.82 2.57 0.4 3.28 .47 .12 .35 .74 .50 .24 1.51 .75 .30 .46 .56 .17 .40 .22 .25 .13 .29 2.43 .83 1.60 .85 0.4 962 138 36 102 217 146 72 442 219 88 135 166 49 117 66 74 39 86 713 244 469 250 0.7 5.27 1.11 .19 .92 2.07 1.59 .48 1.18 .42 .22 .54 .91 .33 .59 .49 .02 .42 .30 4.47 1.93 2.54 .80 0.7 5,131 1,081 184 897 2,013 1,549 463 1,149 409 217 523 888 317 571 478 18 411 295 4,351 1,876 2,475 779 1.3 1.02 .76 .29 .47 .13 .07 .06 .11 .10 Q NC .03 Q .03 Q Q .25 NC .78 .20 .57 .25 1.3 7.38 5.46 2.10 3.36 .92 .51 .41 .77 .72 Q NC .23 Q .19 Q Q 1.83 NC 5.59 1.45 4.14 1.79 2.8 0.05 .02 .01 .01 Q Q Q .02 .02 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q .02 .01 .01 .02 2.8 0.34 .15 .06 .08 Q Q Q .15 .13 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q .16 .05 .11 .18 2.0 0.38 .03 .01 .01 .19 .10 .08 .13 .07 .04 .03 .04 .03 .01 .01 .01 Q .02 .12 .02 .11 .26 2.0 4.16 .28 .15 .13 2.04 1.13 .91 1.43 .73 .41 .29 .41 .30 .11 .07 .14 Q .17 1.32 .17 1.15 2.84 Census Region and Division Northeast ................................... New England .......................... Middle Atlantic ........................ Midwest ...................................... East North Central ................. West North Central ................ South .......................................... South Atlantic ......................... East South Central ................ West South Central ............... West ........................................... Mountain ................................. Pacific ...................................... Largest Populated States California .................................... Florida ........................................ New York ................................... Texas .......................................... Urban Status Urban .......................................... Central City ............................. Suburban ................................. Rural ........................................... Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD .................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD .............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD .............. Under 4,000 HDD .................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD .................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................. Detached ................................. Attached .................................. Mobile Home ............................. Multifamily .................................. 2 to 4 Units ............................. 5 or More Units ...................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 ..................... 1,000 to 1,999 ........................... 2,000 to 2,999 ........................... 3,000 or More ........................... Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 .......................................... 3 to 5 .......................................... 6 to 8 .......................................... 9 or More ................................... See footnotes at end of table. 1.08 3.42 2.43 1.40 1.68 7.92 7.21 .70 .46 1.63 .80 .83 .82 2.38 2.33 1.64 2.72 7.77 7.04 .73 .64 1.48 .50 .97 .27 .79 .77 .54 .90 2.58 2.34 .24 .21 .49 .17 .32 80 232 226 159 265 756 685 71 63 144 49 95 .52 2.14 1.16 .75 .70 4.17 3.77 .41 .14 .97 .54 .43 506 2,083 1,133 733 677 4,060 3,666 394 132 939 523 416 Q .20 .37 .42 .03 1.48 2.64 3.02 .21 Q .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .03 .03 (*) .02 (*) (*) Q .08 .08 .07 .08 .04 .19 .19 .01 .13 .02 .01 Q .07 .11 .07 .06 .07 .30 .30 Q .07 .01 (*) Q .77 1.23 .76 .67 .73 3.31 3.27 Q .79 .06 .04 Q 25.1 17.8 16.6 22.4 15.9 5.8 6.2 17.7 17.0 12.3 17.3 13.4 .83 .78 .05 .02 .17 .09 .08 6.02 5.65 .37 .13 1.23 .64 .59 1.96 4.05 2.44 1.57 2.06 4.29 2.23 1.31 .68 1.43 .74 .43 200 418 217 127 1.02 2.11 1.29 .85 992 2,056 1,254 828 .14 .35 .32 .21 .99 2.52 2.34 1.53 .02 .02 (*) Q .18 .12 .02 Q .09 .14 .08 .07 .99 1.56 .88 .73 7.3 6.9 9.0 12.6 .13 3.77 5.08 1.02 .13 4.00 4.91 .85 .04 1.33 1.63 .28 13 389 478 83 .07 1.92 2.71 .58 69 1,866 2,634 561 .02 .33 .54 .14 .13 2.39 3.87 .99 Q .03 .01 (*) Q .25 .09 (*) Q .16 .19 .03 Q 1.76 2.09 .30 23.4 6.5 7.3 15.6 40 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.2. Total Consumption in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil Kerosene Liquefied Petroleum Gas Primary Major Energy Sources 1 (quadrillion Btu) Site Characteristics (quadrillion Btu) (quadrillion Btu) (billion kWh) (quadrillion Btu) (billion cubic feet) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 0.4 Ownership of Unit Owned ........................................ Rented ........................................ Public Housing ........................ Not Public Housing ................ Rent Subsidy ...................... No Rent Subsidy ................ Year of Construction 1939 or Before .......................... 1940 to 1949 ............................. 1950 to 1959 ............................. 1960 to 1969 ............................. 1970 to 1979 ............................. 1980 to 1984 ............................. 1985 to 1987 ............................. 1988 to 1990 ............................. 1991 to 1993 3 ........................... All Utilities Paid by Household Yes .............................................. No ............................................... 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 ...................... $5,000 to $9,999 ...................... $10,000 to $14,999 .................. $15,000 to $19,999 .................. $20,000 to $24,999 .................. $25,000 to $34,999 .................. $35,000 to $49,999 .................. $50,000 to $74,999 .................. $75,000 or More ....................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................... ............................... ............................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.3 2.8 2.8 2.0 2.0 7.49 2.52 .20 2.32 .15 2.16 2.63 .77 1.49 1.55 1.59 .68 .47 .43 .40 8.97 1.03 .32 .86 1.00 .95 .84 1.45 1.90 1.51 1.17 1.23 1.70 2.19 2.78 .43 1.90 2.27 2.48 2.93 5.18 3.53 1.29 8.44 1.16 .40 7.43 2.46 .22 2.25 .12 2.12 1.54 .61 1.27 1.46 2.15 1.06 .69 .62 .50 9.25 .64 .29 .78 .86 .89 .85 1.53 1.97 1.56 1.15 1.15 1.60 2.12 2.56 .47 1.91 2.46 2.57 2.48 5.02 3.66 1.21 8.55 .94 .40 2.47 .82 .07 .75 .04 .71 .51 .20 .42 .49 .71 .35 .23 .21 .16 3.07 .21 .10 .26 .29 .30 .28 .51 .65 .52 .38 .38 .53 .70 .85 .16 .63 .82 .85 .82 1.67 1.21 .40 2.84 .31 .13 723 240 21 218 12 207 150 59 123 142 209 103 67 60 48 900 62 28 76 84 87 83 149 191 152 112 112 156 207 249 46 186 239 250 241 488 356 118 832 91 39 3.86 1.41 .12 1.30 .09 1.21 1.55 .44 .85 .90 .69 .29 .20 .18 .20 4.62 .66 .18 .48 .58 .52 .43 .70 .96 .78 .64 .68 .93 1.19 1.54 .24 1.05 1.15 1.25 1.58 2.69 1.85 .74 4.28 .76 .24 3,755 1,376 114 1,261 89 1,172 1,507 424 824 872 667 278 195 173 190 4,493 638 175 465 561 508 422 682 937 755 626 666 902 1,156 1,498 231 1,025 1,121 1,213 1,541 2,620 1,795 715 4,159 740 231 0.81 .21 .01 .20 .02 .18 .43 .10 .19 .11 .12 .02 .02 .02 .01 .88 .15 .03 .08 .09 .09 .08 .16 .21 .17 .12 .09 .14 .18 .25 .02 .14 .21 .26 .39 .53 .36 .14 .93 .07 .03 5.88 1.50 .06 1.44 .12 1.32 3.12 .74 1.37 .76 .88 .15 .12 .14 .10 6.33 1.05 .21 .55 .66 .63 .59 1.16 1.51 1.21 .86 .68 1.00 1.31 1.83 .17 1.01 1.52 1.89 2.79 3.79 2.60 .99 6.68 .50 .20 0.03 .01 Q .01 Q .01 .01 (*) (*) .01 .01 (*) (*) Q Q .04 (*) (*) .01 .01 .01 (*) .01 (*) (*) Q .01 .02 .02 .02 (*) .01 .01 .01 .01 .03 .01 Q .04 .01 Q 0.23 .11 Q .10 Q .10 .10 .03 .03 .04 .09 .02 .01 Q Q .32 .02 .02 .05 .06 .08 .03 .04 .03 .01 Q .09 .12 .14 .18 .02 .07 .09 .07 .09 .26 .07 Q .27 .06 Q 0.32 .06 Q .06 Q .06 .13 .03 .03 .05 .06 .02 .02 .02 .02 .36 .02 .02 .04 .04 .04 .04 .08 .07 .04 .02 .06 .09 .10 .12 .01 .06 .07 .11 .13 .26 .10 .02 .36 .01 (*) 3.50 .66 Q .65 Q .62 1.39 .32 .31 .58 .69 .19 .23 .21 .25 3.97 .19 .17 .47 .38 .43 .46 .84 .73 .47 .21 .66 .96 1.12 1.28 .12 .66 .81 1.18 1.40 2.87 1.10 .19 3.97 .15 .04 5.7 7.2 24.2 7.6 20.4 8.1 9.3 15.3 12.5 12.1 10.0 13.8 16.9 18.2 22.4 5.3 12.4 18.9 11.9 10.6 13.0 11.9 10.4 8.6 9.9 14.5 10.5 9.5 8.6 7.7 17.5 9.1 7.9 8.2 8.6 6.0 6.7 11.9 5.5 14.4 17.0 Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................. Age of Householder Under 25 Years ......................... 25 to 34 Years .......................... 35 to 44 Years .......................... 45 to 59 Years .......................... 60 Years and Over ................... Education of Householder 12 Years or Fewer .................... 13 to 16 Years .......................... 17 Years or More ..................... Race of Householder White .......................................... Black ........................................... Other 5 ......................................... See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 41 Table 5.2. Total Consumption in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil Kerosene Liquefied Petroleum Gas Primary Major Energy Sources 1 (quadrillion Btu) Site Characteristics (quadrillion Btu) (quadrillion Btu) (billion kWh) (quadrillion Btu) (billion cubic feet) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.3 2.8 2.8 2.0 2.0 Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes .............................................. No ............................................... Household Size 1 Person .................................... 2 Persons ................................... 3 Persons ................................... 4 Persons ................................... 5 Persons ................................... 6 or More Persons ................... 1 2 0.64 9.37 0.61 9.28 0.20 3.08 59 903 0.35 4.92 342 4,788 0.07 .95 0.53 6.85 Q 0.04 Q 0.33 0.01 .37 0.13 4.03 16.1 5.2 1.80 3.21 1.87 1.83 .83 .47 1.56 3.25 1.85 1.85 .91 .47 .52 1.08 .61 .61 .30 .16 152 316 180 180 89 46 1.02 1.64 .98 .98 .40 .25 989 1,592 958 958 391 243 .20 .33 .20 .17 .08 .05 1.43 2.41 1.45 1.21 .55 .33 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 Q .08 .10 .07 .04 .04 Q .06 .14 .06 .06 .04 .01 .66 1.58 .71 .62 .45 .14 8.0 7.8 8.9 8.0 12.9 16.9 Major Energy Sources include: electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas. Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. 3 Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed. NC = No cases in sample. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Site electricity is the amount of electricity delivered to households. Primary electricity, which is not included in the ‘‘Major Energy Sources’’ category, is site electricity plus the conversion losses in the electric generation process at the utility plant. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A-G of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). 42 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.3. Total Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 (Billion Dollars) Characteristics Major Energy Sources 1 Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil Kerosene Liquefied Petroleum Gas RSE Row Factors 4.6 9.5 13.7 12.3 10.1 11.3 14.2 7.7 10.4 13.8 12.6 9.1 10.4 11.5 9.1 18.6 19.7 20.3 5.5 8.0 6.3 9.1 RSE Column Factors: Total U.S. Households .............. 0.4 123.91 29.72 7.77 21.95 31.12 22.21 8.91 43.67 22.37 7.20 14.09 19.41 5.49 13.91 10.50 6.58 10.73 8.70 96.61 35.34 61.27 27.30 0.4 81.08 15.76 4.04 11.72 17.55 12.21 5.34 34.08 17.70 5.50 10.88 13.69 3.63 10.06 7.39 6.16 5.43 6.88 62.50 21.65 40.85 18.58 0.7 32.04 8.60 1.59 7.00 11.13 8.62 2.52 7.24 3.01 1.26 2.97 5.07 1.57 3.50 2.99 .16 3.54 1.68 27.59 12.25 15.34 4.44 1.4 6.61 4.85 1.89 2.96 .79 .44 .34 .73 .69 Q NC .24 Q .20 Q Q 1.59 NC 5.03 1.19 3.83 1.58 3.0 0.37 .15 .07 .09 .05 Q Q .17 .14 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q .06 Q .18 .06 .12 .19 2.0 3.81 .35 .17 .18 1.59 .90 .70 1.46 .83 .38 .24 .41 .26 .15 .10 .20 .11 .14 1.32 .19 1.13 2.50 Census Region and Division Northeast ................................... New England .......................... Middle Atlantic ........................ Midwest ...................................... East North Central ................. West North Central ................ South .......................................... South Atlantic ......................... East South Central ................ West South Central ............... West ........................................... Mountain ................................. Pacific ...................................... Largest Populated States California .................................... Florida ........................................ New York ................................... Texas .......................................... Urban Status Urban .......................................... Central City ............................. Suburban ................................. Rural ........................................... Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ....................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................. Under 4,000 HDD .................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD .................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................. Detached ................................. Attached .................................. Mobile Home ............................. Multifamily .................................. 2 to 4 Units ............................. 5 or More Units ...................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 ..................... 1,000 to 1,999 ........................... 2,000 to 2,999 ........................... 3,000 or More ........................... Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 .......................................... 3 to 5 .......................................... 6 to 8 .......................................... 9 or More ................................... Ownership of Unit Owned ........................................ Rented ........................................ Public Housing ........................ Not Public Housing ................ Rent Subsidy ...................... No Rent Subsidy ................ See footnotes at end of table. 10.90 35.93 30.51 19.70 26.87 96.27 87.02 9.25 6.71 20.93 8.92 12.01 6.06 19.91 19.10 14.09 21.92 62.66 56.44 6.22 4.93 13.48 4.72 8.76 2.80 12.52 7.94 4.67 4.10 24.87 22.23 2.65 .76 6.40 3.56 2.84 1.29 2.39 2.71 .19 Q 5.54 5.20 .34 .12 .95 .58 .37 .08 .09 .07 .09 .05 .22 .21 .01 .14 .02 .01 Q .67 1.03 .69 .68 .76 2.99 2.95 Q .76 .07 .04 Q 24.9 16.9 15.2 20.5 14.6 5.7 5.9 16.3 16.5 11.7 16.0 12.2 25.65 51.68 28.93 17.66 17.20 34.97 18.23 10.68 6.48 12.84 7.74 4.97 .79 2.28 2.14 1.40 .20 .13 .02 Q .98 1.45 .80 .59 7.0 6.8 8.9 12.2 1.84 48.88 61.46 11.73 92.07 31.84 2.59 29.25 1.80 27.45 1.21 33.01 39.73 7.13 60.10 20.98 1.80 19.19 1.08 18.11 .51 11.89 16.21 3.42 23.15 8.88 .74 8.14 .61 7.54 .10 2.03 3.56 .91 5.40 1.21 .04 1.17 .09 1.08 Q .27 .10 .01 .26 .12 Q .11 Q .11 Q 1.68 1.86 .27 3.16 .65 Q .64 Q .62 21.0 6.3 7.1 15.7 5.4 7.0 22.8 7.5 20.7 7.9 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 43 Table 5.3. Total Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) (Billion Dollars) Major Energy Sources 1 Liquefied Petroleum Gas RSE Row Factors Characteristics Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil Kerosene RSE Column Factors: 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.4 3.0 2.0 Year of Construction 1939 or Before .......................... 1940 to 1949 ............................. 1950 to 1959 ............................. 1960 to 1969 ............................. 1970 to 1979 ............................. 1980 to 1984 ............................. 1985 to 1987 ............................. 1988 to 1990 ............................. 1991 to 1993 3 ........................... All Utilities Paid by Household Yes .............................................. No ............................................... 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 ...................... $5,000 to $9,999 ...................... $10,000 to $14,999 .................. $15,000 to $19,999 .................. $20,000 to $24,999 .................. $25,000 to $34,999 .................. $35,000 to $49,999 .................. $50,000 to $74,999 .................. $75,000 or More ....................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................... ............................... ............................... 26.97 8.56 18.12 18.89 22.18 10.55 7.05 6.23 5.36 13.34 4.91 11.22 12.26 16.74 8.48 5.47 4.81 3.85 9.60 2.70 5.28 5.35 3.92 1.73 1.22 1.05 1.19 2.75 .64 1.28 .69 .78 .13 .11 .13 .09 0.11 .03 .03 .04 .09 .03 .01 Q Q 1.18 .29 .30 .55 .64 .18 .23 .22 .23 9.1 14.8 13.6 11.9 9.7 13.3 16.8 17.6 22.0 112.36 11.55 74.75 6.33 27.81 4.23 5.82 .79 .35 .03 3.64 .18 5.1 11.2 4.02 10.34 11.69 11.20 10.34 18.29 24.07 18.85 15.10 2.52 6.42 7.17 7.08 6.75 12.24 16.18 12.66 10.06 1.14 2.94 3.51 3.08 2.62 4.20 5.87 4.66 4.02 .18 .47 .58 .55 .51 1.05 1.36 1.11 .81 .02 .06 .06 .09 .03 .05 .03 .02 Q .16 .45 .37 .40 .42 .76 .64 .41 .20 17.9 11.2 10.2 12.5 11.8 10.4 8.1 9.2 14.7 15.18 20.88 27.03 9.61 13.26 17.39 4.26 5.75 7.32 .57 .84 1.11 .09 .13 .15 .64 .91 1.07 9.9 8.9 8.2 Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................. Age of Householder Under 25 Years ......................... 25 to 34 Years .......................... 35 to 44 Years .......................... 45 to 59 Years .......................... 60 Years and Over ................... Education of Householder 12 Years or Fewer .................... 13 to 16 Years .......................... 17 Years or More ..................... Race of Householder White .......................................... Black ........................................... Other 5 ......................................... Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes .............................................. No ............................................... See footnotes at end of table. 33.62 21.15 9.48 1.57 .19 1.23 7.5 5.46 23.64 29.51 31.22 34.09 3.77 15.68 20.17 20.86 20.59 1.41 6.39 7.09 7.51 9.64 .15 .87 1.37 1.71 2.51 .02 .08 .10 .08 .09 .11 .62 .78 1.06 1.25 17.2 8.8 7.6 8.0 8.3 63.15 44.70 16.06 40.63 30.08 10.37 16.30 11.17 4.57 3.32 2.37 .92 .28 .07 Q 2.63 1.01 .17 5.7 6.4 11.5 104.81 13.63 5.47 69.20 8.17 3.71 25.69 4.79 1.55 6.02 .43 .16 .29 .07 Q 3.60 .16 .05 5.0 14.5 16.6 8.41 115.50 5.56 75.51 2.28 29.76 .42 6.19 Q .36 .14 3.67 15.3 5.0 44 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.3. Total Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) (Billion Dollars) Major Energy Sources 1 Liquefied Petroleum Gas RSE Row Factors Characteristics Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil Kerosene RSE Column Factors: 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.4 3.0 2.0 Household Size 1 Person .................................... 2 Persons ................................... 3 Persons ................................... 4 Persons ................................... 5 Persons ................................... 6 or More Persons ................... 1 2 21.26 39.71 23.47 22.78 10.74 5.94 13.11 26.15 15.30 15.12 7.40 3.99 6.18 9.85 6.12 5.94 2.42 1.52 1.29 2.15 1.31 1.09 .48 .29 0.08 .12 .08 .05 .05 Q 0.60 1.45 .66 .58 .40 .13 7.4 7.2 8.7 7.8 12.6 18.1 Major Energy Sources include: electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas. Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. 3 Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. NC = No cases in sample. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A-G of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 45 Table 5.4. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 Average per Household Consumption Households Using Electricity (million) Primary (million Btu) Site (million Btu) (kWh) Expenditures (dollars) Floorspace (square feet) Expenditures (cents per kWh) RSE Row Factors 1.5 3.9 3.7 5.0 3.8 4.7 5.5 2.2 2.5 4.5 5.2 3.0 5.8 3.6 3.3 4.4 8.9 6.5 1.8 2.4 1.6 2.8 Characteristics RSE Column Factors: 1.4 Total U.S. Households .............. 96.6 19.5 5.1 14.4 23.3 16.4 6.9 33.4 17.3 6.0 10.1 20.4 5.4 15.0 11.1 5.6 6.8 6.4 75.8 30.6 45.2 20.8 1.1 102.4 72.7 72.5 72.8 95.9 91.6 106.1 135.8 130.0 150.8 137.0 83.6 93.9 79.9 60.9 136.6 59.2 136.6 96.7 82.1 106.6 123.4 1.1 34.0 24.1 24.1 24.2 31.8 30.4 35.2 45.1 43.1 50.0 45.5 27.7 31.2 26.5 20.2 45.3 19.7 45.3 32.1 27.2 35.4 40.9 1.1 9,965 7,071 7,049 7,078 9,327 8,906 10,319 13,212 12,642 14,666 13,323 8,131 9,130 7,775 5,924 13,287 5,763 13,289 9,407 7,986 10,368 12,000 1.0 840 809 797 814 753 747 769 1,019 1,023 917 1,074 672 677 671 664 1,107 799 1,067 825 708 904 894 0.8 1,876 2,056 2,101 2,041 2,170 2,160 2,194 1,707 1,724 1,796 1,626 1,644 1,730 1,613 1,609 1,667 1,888 1,668 1,854 1,540 2,067 1,954 0.6 8.4 11.4 11.3 11.5 8.1 8.4 7.5 7.7 8.1 6.2 8.1 8.3 7.4 8.6 11.2 8.3 13.9 8.0 8.8 8.9 8.7 7.4 Census Region and Division Northeast ................................... New England .......................... Middle Atlantic ........................ Midwest ...................................... East North Central ................. West North Central ................ South .......................................... South Atlantic ......................... East South Central ................ West South Central ............... West ........................................... Mountain ................................. Pacific ...................................... Largest Populated States California .................................... Florida ........................................ New York ................................... Texas .......................................... Urban Status Urban .......................................... Central City ............................. Suburban ................................. Rural ........................................... Climate Zone 1 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD .................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD .............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD .............. Under 4,000 HDD .................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD .................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................. Detached ................................. Attached .................................. Mobile Home ............................. Multifamily .................................. 2 to 4 Units ............................. 5 or More Units ...................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 ..................... 1,000 to 1,999 ........................... 2,000 to 2,999 ........................... 3,000 or More ........................... Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 .......................................... 3 to 5 .......................................... 6 to 8 .......................................... 9 or More ................................... See footnotes at end of table. 8.7 26.5 22.4 17.8 21.2 66.7 59.4 7.3 5.6 24.2 8.0 16.2 94.7 90.0 103.8 92.1 128.4 116.5 118.5 99.8 115.6 60.9 62.8 59.9 31.4 29.9 34.4 30.6 42.6 38.7 39.3 33.1 38.4 20.2 20.8 19.9 9,209 8,758 10,096 8,954 12,495 11,328 11,528 9,704 11,241 5,919 6,105 5,827 697 752 852 792 1,035 939 950 852 884 556 588 540 2,218 2,085 1,963 1,603 1,612 2,279 2,338 1,799 975 972 1,198 861 7.6 8.6 8.4 8.8 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.8 7.9 9.4 9.6 9.3 4.8 4.7 3.2 4.8 3.2 1.5 1.5 5.1 4.3 2.8 4.4 3.6 29.3 40.2 17.8 9.3 70.3 106.9 125.1 141.0 23.3 35.5 41.5 46.8 6,835 10,402 12,165 13,717 587 871 1,022 1,150 826 1,697 2,722 4,335 8.6 8.4 8.4 8.4 1.9 1.9 2.2 3.1 3.2 47.3 40.2 5.8 40.6 84.4 122.3 145.8 13.5 28.0 40.6 48.4 3,947 8,213 11,895 14,187 377 698 988 1,220 531 1,259 2,431 3,791 9.6 8.5 8.3 8.6 6.9 1.8 1.7 4.2 46 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.4. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Average per Household Consumption Households Using Electricity (million) Primary (million Btu) Site (million Btu) (kWh) Expenditures (dollars) Floorspace (square feet) Expenditures (cents per kWh) RSE Row Factors Characteristics RSE Column Factors: 1.4 Ownership of Unit Owned ........................................ Rented ........................................ Public Housing ........................ Not Public Housing ................ Rent Subsidy ...................... No Rent Subsidy ................ Year of Construction 1939 or Before .......................... 1940 to 1949 ............................. 1950 to 1959 ............................. 1960 to 1969 ............................. 1970 to 1979 ............................. 1980 to 1984 ............................. 1985 to 1987 ............................. 1988 to 1990 ............................. 1991 to 1993 2 ........................... All Electricity Paid by Household Yes .............................................. No ............................................... 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 ...................... $5,000 to $9,999 ...................... $10,000 to $14,999 .................. $15,000 to $19,999 .................. $20,000 to $24,999 .................. $25,000 to $34,999 .................. $35,000 to $49,999 .................. $50,000 to $74,999 .................. $75,000 or More ....................... Below Poverty Line 100 Percent .................................. 125 Percent .................................. 150 Percent .................................. Eligible for Federal Assistance 3 ................................. Age of Householder Under 25 Years ......................... 25 to 34 Years .......................... 35 to 44 Years .......................... 45 to 59 Years .......................... 60 Years and Over ................... Education of Householder 12 Years or Fewer .................... 13 to 16 Years .......................... 17 Years or More ..................... Race of Householder White .......................................... Black ........................................... Other 5 ......................................... See footnotes at end of table. 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.6 63.2 33.4 3.4 30.0 2.0 28.0 20.3 6.9 13.1 15.0 18.1 8.5 5.5 4.7 4.5 117.6 73.7 63.0 74.9 60.7 75.9 76.0 88.0 97.1 97.5 118.3 125.4 124.9 131.2 111.1 39.0 24.5 20.9 24.9 20.2 25.2 25.2 29.2 32.2 32.3 39.3 41.6 41.4 43.5 36.9 11,443 7,170 6,133 7,289 5,908 7,387 7,396 8,564 9,447 9,480 11,509 12,203 12,146 12,759 10,805 951 628 523 640 541 647 657 712 859 816 923 1,002 997 1,020 861 2,272 1,127 842 1,160 1,082 1,166 1,995 1,676 1,890 1,811 1,746 1,740 1,959 2,118 2,244 8.3 8.8 8.5 8.8 9.2 8.8 8.9 8.3 9.1 8.6 8.0 8.2 8.2 8.0 8.0 1.4 2.1 7.0 2.2 7.1 2.3 2.8 4.1 3.0 3.1 2.8 3.4 3.8 3.7 5.5 90.3 6.3 4.0 10.6 11.1 9.6 8.7 14.1 17.4 12.6 8.3 14.4 19.4 24.7 30.6 5.7 19.9 21.4 21.9 27.7 51.5 33.6 11.5 80.1 10.9 5.5 105.6 56.6 72.4 73.9 77.4 92.6 97.5 109.1 112.8 123.5 138.3 80.1 82.8 86.0 83.5 82.3 96.0 115.2 117.7 89.4 97.6 108.9 105.3 106.7 86.1 72.3 35.1 18.8 24.0 24.5 25.7 30.7 32.3 36.2 37.5 41.0 45.9 26.6 27.5 28.5 27.7 27.3 31.9 38.2 39.1 29.7 32.4 36.2 34.9 35.4 28.6 24.0 10,275 5,503 7,044 7,187 7,531 9,006 9,480 10,611 10,976 12,016 13,449 7,793 8,056 8,366 8,122 8,010 9,340 11,201 11,450 8,693 9,491 10,596 10,241 10,383 8,374 7,036 865 480 622 608 645 736 772 871 928 1,002 1,205 669 685 704 691 660 788 944 955 742 790 895 901 863 750 670 1,946 869 1,124 1,218 1,437 1,596 1,644 1,879 2,146 2,368 2,911 1,228 1,293 1,326 1,388 1,129 1,596 2,002 2,127 1,936 1,662 2,057 2,303 1,979 1,395 1,333 8.4 8.7 8.8 8.5 8.6 8.2 8.1 8.2 8.5 8.3 9.0 8.6 8.5 8.4 8.5 8.2 8.4 8.4 8.3 8.5 8.3 8.4 8.8 8.3 9.0 9.5 1.5 6.0 5.2 3.5 2.9 3.1 3.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.6 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.1 4.6 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.8 3.0 1.6 3.2 4.7 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 47 Table 5.4. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Average per Household Consumption Characteristics Households Using Electricity (million) Primary Site Expenditures (dollars) Floorspace (square feet) Expenditures (cents per kWh) RSE Row Factors (million Btu) (million Btu) (kWh) RSE Column Factors: 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.6 Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes .............................................. No ............................................... Household Size 1 Person .................................... 2 Persons ................................... 3 Persons ................................... 4 Persons ................................... 5 Persons ................................... 6 or More Persons ................... 1 2 7.9 88.7 77.1 104.7 25.6 34.8 7,497 10,185 704 852 1,412 1,917 9.4 8.4 3.8 1.5 23.5 31.7 16.6 14.6 6.8 3.5 66.6 102.6 111.4 126.6 134.8 136.3 22.1 34.1 37.0 42.0 44.7 45.2 6,476 9,982 10,838 12,311 13,110 13,258 559 825 923 1,036 1,094 1,154 1,367 1,954 1,950 2,220 2,213 2,152 8.6 8.3 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.7 2.6 1.9 2.2 2.1 3.0 6.1 Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. Does not include all new construction for 1993. 3 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Site electricity is the amount of electricity delivered to households. Primary electricity is site electricity plus the conversion losses in the electric generation process at the utility plant. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C, and E of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). 48 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.5. Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 Average per Household Households Using Natural Gas (million) Consumption (million Btu) (thousand cf) Expenditures (dollars) Floorspace (square feet) Expenditures (dollars per thousand cf) RSE Row Factors 1.7 3.8 5.8 4.4 2.1 2.2 5.1 3.7 4.5 9.1 5.8 2.9 5.1 3.1 3.2 12.4 8.3 9.0 1.8 2.9 2.2 4.6 Characteristics RSE Column Factors: Total U.S. Households .............. 1.8 58.7 12.2 2.2 10.0 17.5 13.3 4.1 14.7 5.4 2.4 6.9 14.2 3.7 10.5 9.6 .5 5.2 4.2 50.8 22.8 28.0 7.8 1.0 89.9 90.9 85.7 92.0 118.4 119.3 115.2 80.1 78.0 92.8 77.4 64.3 89.1 55.7 51.0 38.0 80.9 72.1 88.0 84.6 90.7 102.6 1.0 87.5 88.4 83.4 89.5 115.1 116.1 112.0 77.9 75.8 90.2 75.3 62.5 86.7 54.2 49.6 37.0 78.7 70.1 85.6 82.3 88.3 99.8 1.0 546 703 722 699 637 646 609 491 557 524 428 357 429 332 311 322 677 400 543 537 547 569 0.9 1,908 1,906 1,903 1,906 2,152 2,114 2,274 1,796 1,836 2,064 1,671 1,726 1,805 1,699 1,635 1,692 1,759 1,713 1,877 1,599 2,104 2,106 0.5 6.2 8.0 8.7 7.8 5.5 5.6 5.4 6.3 7.3 5.8 5.7 5.7 4.9 6.1 6.3 8.7 8.6 5.7 6.3 6.5 6.2 5.7 Census Region and Division Northeast ................................... New England .......................... Middle Atlantic ........................ Midwest ...................................... East North Central ................. West North Central ................ South .......................................... South Atlantic ......................... East South Central ................ West South Central ............... West ........................................... Mountain ................................. Pacific ...................................... Largest Populated States California .................................... Florida ........................................ New York ................................... Texas .......................................... Urban Status Urban .......................................... Central City ............................. Suburban ................................. Rural ........................................... Climate Zone 1 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD .................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD .............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD .............. Under 4,000 HDD .................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD .................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................. Detached ................................. Attached .................................. Mobile Home ............................. Multifamily .................................. 2 to 4 Units ............................. 5 or More Units ...................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 ..................... 1,000 to 1,999 ........................... 2,000 to 2,999 ........................... 3,000 or More ........................... Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 .......................................... 3 to 5 .......................................... 6 to 8 .......................................... 9 or More ................................... See footnotes at end of table. 4.5 18.8 13.0 12.2 10.3 41.4 36.7 4.7 1.8 15.4 5.6 9.8 115.0 114.1 89.9 61.9 67.8 100.8 102.8 85.4 73.3 62.7 96.4 43.5 111.9 111.0 87.5 60.3 65.9 98.1 100.0 83.1 71.3 60.9 93.8 42.3 620 667 613 384 400 601 606 558 411 416 639 289 2,292 2,070 1,967 1,685 1,634 2,295 2,345 1,901 996 978 1,241 829 5.5 6.0 7.0 6.4 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.7 5.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 5.1 2.7 4.9 4.8 4.7 1.7 1.8 4.5 5.7 3.4 4.6 3.7 17.1 24.5 11.1 5.9 59.7 86.1 116.4 143.2 58.1 83.7 113.3 139.3 379 523 699 836 816 1,704 2,704 4,404 6.5 6.2 6.2 6.0 2.5 2.1 2.6 3.3 2.1 27.1 25.4 4.0 33.1 70.8 106.7 143.2 32.2 68.8 103.8 139.3 240 439 639 848 520 1,248 2,420 3,861 7.4 6.4 6.2 6.1 5.6 2.4 1.9 4.3 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 49 Table 5.5. Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Average per Household Households Using Natural Gas (million) Consumption (million Btu) (thousand cf) Expenditures (dollars) Floorspace (square feet) Expenditures (dollars per thousand cf) RSE Row Factors Characteristics RSE Column Factors: Ownership of Unit Owned ........................................ Rented ........................................ Public Housing ........................ Not Public Housing ................ Rent Subsidy ...................... No Rent Subsidy ................ Year of Construction 1939 or Before .......................... 1940 to 1949 ............................. 1950 to 1959 ............................. 1960 to 1969 ............................. 1970 to 1979 ............................. 1980 to 1984 ............................. 1985 to 1987 ............................. 1988 to 1990 ............................. 1991 to 1993 2 ........................... All Gas Paid by Household Yes .............................................. No ............................................... 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 ...................... $5,000 to $9,999 ...................... $10,000 to $14,999 .................. $15,000 to $19,999 .................. $20,000 to $24,999 .................. $25,000 to $34,999 .................. $35,000 to $49,999 .................. $50,000 to $74,999 .................. $75,000 or More ....................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................... ............................... ............................... 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.5 37.7 20.9 2.0 18.9 1.4 17.5 14.8 4.9 9.4 9.9 8.6 4.0 2.6 2.1 2.4 102.3 67.6 58.5 68.5 63.5 68.9 105.0 88.8 90.4 90.5 79.5 72.1 75.8 84.6 82.5 99.5 65.7 56.9 66.7 61.8 67.1 102.1 86.4 87.9 88.1 77.3 70.1 73.8 82.3 80.2 614 424 367 431 422 431 650 549 563 541 455 435 463 499 502 2,327 1,152 871 1,182 1,094 1,190 1,938 1,637 1,872 1,834 1,817 1,842 2,131 2,499 2,396 6.2 6.5 6.4 6.5 6.8 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.1 5.9 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.3 1.8 2.7 7.3 2.9 8.7 3.0 3.1 4.2 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.7 6.0 5.5 7.9 48.2 10.5 2.4 6.5 7.1 5.8 5.1 7.8 10.4 8.0 5.7 8.9 11.8 14.9 18.7 3.2 12.6 13.0 13.0 16.9 30.7 20.2 7.8 47.0 7.7 4.0 95.6 63.8 73.8 74.0 81.5 90.7 85.8 90.2 92.3 97.1 113.6 77.3 78.8 79.7 82.3 75.2 83.6 88.5 96.2 93.6 87.7 91.4 94.8 91.0 98.9 59.8 93.0 62.0 71.8 72.0 79.3 88.2 83.4 87.8 89.8 94.5 110.5 75.2 76.6 77.5 80.1 73.1 81.3 86.1 93.6 91.1 85.3 88.9 92.2 88.5 96.2 58.1 578 400 469 455 495 535 519 541 562 583 708 481 488 491 506 447 507 545 580 569 531 553 589 547 622 391 2,124 912 1,176 1,269 1,459 1,654 1,646 1,853 2,162 2,339 3,004 1,283 1,328 1,352 1,416 1,267 1,651 2,028 2,171 1,926 1,663 2,109 2,357 2,017 1,506 1,394 6.2 6.4 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.2 6.5 6.7 1.8 4.3 5.4 3.8 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.1 2.6 3.0 4.5 3.8 3.6 3.1 2.7 6.0 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.4 3.3 2.0 3.9 5.1 Eligible for Federal Assistance 3 ................................. Age of Householder Under 25 Years ......................... 25 to 34 Years .......................... 35 to 44 Years .......................... 45 to 59 Years .......................... 60 Years and Over ................... Education of Householder 12 Years or Fewer .................... 13 to 16 Years .......................... 17 Years or More ..................... Race of Householder White .......................................... Black ........................................... Other 4 ......................................... See footnotes at end of table. 50 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.5. Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Average per Household Characteristics Households Using Natural Gas (million) Consumption Expenditures (dollars) Floorspace (square feet) Expenditures (dollars per thousand cf) RSE Row Factors (million Btu) (thousand cf) RSE Column Factors: 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.5 Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes .............................................. No ............................................... Household Size 1 Person .................................... 2 Persons ................................... 3 Persons ................................... 4 Persons ................................... 5 Persons ................................... 6 or More Persons ................... 1 2 3 5.8 52.9 61.2 93.1 59.5 90.5 395 563 1,359 1,968 6.6 6.2 4.8 1.7 14.2 18.4 10.3 9.4 4.1 2.3 71.8 88.9 95.1 104.7 98.9 109.5 69.9 86.5 92.5 101.8 96.2 106.5 437 535 592 632 595 667 1,370 1,984 1,982 2,273 2,304 2,086 6.2 6.2 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.3 2.8 2.3 2.9 2.9 3.3 7.8 Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. Does not include all new construction for 1993. Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 4 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C, and F of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 51 Table 5.6. Fuel Oil Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 Average per Household Households Using Fuel Oil (million) Consumption (million Btu) (gallons) Expenditures (dollars) Floorspace (square feet) Expenditures (dollars per gallon) RSE Row Factors Characteristics RSE Column Factors: 2.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.3 Total U.S. Households .............. 10.8 7.4 2.6 4.7 1.4 .7 .6 1.6 1.5 Q NC .5 Q Q Q Q 2.6 NC 8.2 2.7 5.5 2.6 94.7 102.6 110.1 98.4 91.6 94.3 88.4 67.3 67.5 Q NC 71.7 Q 69.9 Q Q 95.7 NC 94.8 74.1 105.0 94.7 684 740 794 710 664 682 642 486 487 Q NC 518 Q 504 Q Q 690 NC 683 534 757 685 612 658 716 625 570 592 544 464 465 Q NC 520 Q 511 Q Q 601 NC 614 440 701 607 2,262 2,218 2,387 2,124 2,663 2,675 2,648 2,075 2,103 Q NC 2,418 Q 2,446 Q Q 1,840 NC 2,194 1,548 2,515 2,477 0.90 .89 .90 .88 .86 .87 .85 .95 .96 Q NC 1.00 Q 1.01 Q Q .87 NC .90 .82 .92 .89 3.3 4.2 5.7 5.4 4.7 7.7 6.0 6.7 7.0 NF NC 21.7 NF 26.9 NF NF 7.6 NF 4.2 4.3 5.1 3.2 Census Region and Division Northeast ................................... New England .......................... Middle Atlantic ........................ Midwest ...................................... East North Central ................. West North Central ................ South .......................................... South Atlantic ......................... East South Central ................ West South Central ............... West ........................................... Mountain ................................. Pacific ...................................... Largest Populated States California .................................... Florida ........................................ New York ................................... Texas .......................................... Urban Status Urban .......................................... Central City ............................. Suburban ................................. Rural ........................................... Climate Zone 1 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD .................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD .............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD .............. Under 4,000 HDD .................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD .................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................. Detached ................................. Attached .................................. Mobile Home ............................. Multifamily .................................. 2 to 4 Units ............................. 5 or More Units ...................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 ..................... 1,000 to 1,999 ........................... 2,000 to 2,999 ........................... 3,000 or More ........................... Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 .......................................... 3 to 5 .......................................... 6 to 8 .......................................... 9 or More ................................... See footnotes at end of table. 2.0 3.4 4.8 .4 Q 8.0 7.4 .6 .3 2.5 .9 1.6 100.4 108.7 87.9 66.0 Q 104.3 105.7 86.9 57.0 68.6 101.6 50.7 726 785 634 476 Q 753 763 627 414 495 733 365 633 709 569 431 Q 692 701 571 390 384 666 230 2,582 2,530 1,977 1,805 Q 2,666 2,706 2,160 789 1,144 1,675 854 .87 .90 .90 .91 Q .92 .92 .91 .94 .78 .91 .63 4.7 6.4 5.7 12.5 NF 3.3 3.4 10.0 8.6 6.5 6.1 4.5 2.4 3.9 2.9 1.6 57.3 89.8 112.5 129.8 414 648 812 936 329 588 742 857 821 1,942 2,778 4,227 .79 .91 .91 .92 4.8 3.6 3.2 5.4 .4 4.3 5.1 .9 46.6 76.2 104.3 149.1 336 550 752 1076 272 467 692 994 601 1,521 2,721 3,887 .81 .85 .92 .92 14.8 4.2 2.7 6.9 52 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.6. Fuel Oil Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Average per Household Households Using Fuel Oil (million) Consumption (million Btu) (gallons) Expenditures (dollars) Floorspace (square feet) Expenditures (dollars per gallon) RSE Row Factors Characteristics RSE Column Factors: Ownership of Unit Owned ........................................ Rented ........................................ Public Housing ........................ Not Public Housing ................ Rent Subsidy ...................... No Rent Subsidy ................ Year of Construction 1939 or Before .......................... 1940 to 1949 ............................. 1950 to 1959 ............................. 1960 to 1969 ............................. 1970 to 1979 ............................. 1980 to 1984 ............................. 1985 to 1987 ............................. 1988 to 1990 ............................. 1991 to 1993 2 ........................... All Fuel Oil Paid by Household Yes .............................................. No ............................................... 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 ...................... $5,000 to $9,999 ...................... $10,000 to $14,999 .................. $15,000 to $19,999 .................. $20,000 to $24,999 .................. $25,000 to $34,999 .................. $35,000 to $49,999 .................. $50,000 to $74,999 .................. $75,000 or More ....................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................... ............................... ............................... 2.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.3 7.7 3.1 .2 2.9 .2 2.7 4.3 1.2 1.9 1.3 1.4 .3 .2 .2 .1 105.7 67.4 47.6 68.7 69.9 68.6 101.5 84.9 102.3 82.2 88.1 70.5 103.0 88.0 105.4 763 487 343 496 505 495 733 613 738 593 636 508 742 635 760 701 393 206 404 393 405 646 538 691 534 565 461 668 573 697 2,615 1,382 1,077 1,401 1,085 1,430 2,219 1,853 2,362 2,264 2,354 2,372 3,124 2,423 3,443 0.92 .81 .60 .82 .78 .82 .88 .88 .94 .90 .89 .91 .90 .90 .92 3.2 4.7 31.5 4.8 12.4 5.5 3.8 7.2 7.9 8.6 7.7 8.8 13.4 10.7 9.7 8.6 2.1 .4 .9 1.0 .9 .9 1.7 2.4 1.6 .9 1.3 1.8 2.3 3.0 .4 1.6 2.4 2.7 3.7 6.0 3.6 1.2 9.6 .8 .4 102.8 62.2 68.6 82.1 92.8 94.7 87.3 94.8 88.8 105.0 125.9 74.7 76.5 79.1 84.8 58.9 89.8 86.1 97.4 104.5 87.6 99.8 115.5 96.7 83.6 70.8 742 449 495 593 671 684 630 684 640 757 907 539 553 572 612 426 648 621 703 754 632 720 833 698 602 511 682 331 421 514 581 600 541 616 575 696 856 453 463 487 527 367 555 561 635 680 554 656 774 628 528 399 2,577 994 1,439 1,601 1,814 1,866 2,021 2,376 2,388 2,665 3,166 1,595 1,582 1,625 1,704 1,368 1,878 2,336 2,373 2,391 2,026 2,488 2,768 2,367 1,551 1,180 .92 .74 .85 .87 .87 .88 .86 .90 .90 .92 .94 .84 .84 .85 .86 .86 .86 .90 .90 .90 .88 .91 .93 .90 .88 .78 3.2 6.0 13.7 6.5 7.9 7.0 7.5 6.8 4.9 4.2 7.7 6.7 6.3 5.5 5.2 13.2 5.5 4.7 4.4 4.8 3.3 4.4 7.4 3.4 8.2 9.6 Eligible for Federal Assistance 3 ................................. Age of Householder Under 25 Years ......................... 25 to 34 Years .......................... 35 to 44 Years .......................... 45 to 59 Years .......................... 60 Years and Over ................... Education of Householder 12 Years or Fewer .................... 13 to 16 Years .......................... 17 Years or More ..................... Race of Householder White .......................................... Black ........................................... Other 4 ......................................... See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 53 Table 5.6. Fuel Oil Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Average per Household Characteristics Households Using Fuel Oil (million) Consumption Expenditures (dollars) Floorspace (square feet) Expenditures (dollars per gallon) RSE Row Factors (million Btu) (gallons) RSE Column Factors: 2.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.3 Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes .............................................. No ............................................... Household Size 1 Person .................................... 2 Persons ................................... 3 Persons ................................... 4 Persons ................................... 5 Persons ................................... 6 or More Persons ................... 1 2 3 0.9 9.9 79.7 96.2 575 694 456 627 1,600 2,324 0.79 .90 6.8 3.3 2.4 3.5 2.0 1.7 .8 .4 84.0 94.8 100.2 98.7 98.8 104.5 607 684 723 712 712 754 547 608 654 644 625 663 1,717 2,326 2,490 2,438 2,412 2,682 .90 .89 .91 .90 .88 .88 5.9 4.6 4.5 4.6 8.4 8.9 Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. Does not include all new construction for 1993. Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 4 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. NC = No cases in sample. NF = No applicable RSE row factor. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C, and G of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). 54 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.7. Kerosene Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 Average per Household Households Using Kerosene (million) Consumption (million Btu) (gallons) Expenditures (dollars) Floorspace (square feet) Expenditures (dollars per gallon) RSE Row Factors Characteristics RSE Column Factors: 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 0.7 0.2 Total U.S. Households .............. 3.6 .8 .3 .5 1.0 .9 .1 1.8 1.4 .3 Q Q Q Q Q Q .3 Q 1.8 .5 1.3 1.8 12.8 25.3 34.3 21.0 6.0 6.1 5.3 11.5 12.2 Q Q Q Q Q Q 13.2 25.2 Q 11.9 13.6 11.3 13.7 95 187 254 155 45 45 39 85 91 Q Q Q Q Q Q 98 187 Q 88 101 83 101 103 193 262 160 54 54 48 95 101 Q Q Q Q Q Q 125 197 Q 98 107 94 109 1,854 1,771 1,650 1,828 2,640 2,608 2,899 1,512 1,448 1,655 Q Q Q Q Q 1,090 1,638 Q 1,994 1,476 2,208 1,710 1.09 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.20 1.19 1.21 1.12 1.12 1.08 Q Q Q Q Q 1.28 1.05 Q 1.11 1.06 1.13 1.07 7.5 10.2 14.2 13.4 19.3 21.7 32.4 9.5 10.5 17.4 NF NF NF NF NF 30.6 19.1 NF 10.7 14.4 14.5 10.2 Census Region and Division Northeast ................................... New England .......................... Middle Atlantic ........................ Midwest ...................................... East North Central ................. West North Central ................ South .......................................... South Atlantic ......................... East South Central ................ West South Central ............... West ........................................... Mountain ................................. Pacific ...................................... Largest Populated States California .................................... Florida ........................................ New York ................................... Texas .......................................... Urban Status Urban .......................................... Central City ............................. Suburban ................................. Rural ........................................... Climate Zone 1 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD .................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD .............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD .............. Under 4,000 HDD .................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD .................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................. Detached ................................. Attached .................................. Mobile Home ............................. Multifamily .................................. 2 to 4 Units ............................. 5 or More Units ...................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 ..................... 1,000 to 1,999 ........................... 2,000 to 2,999 ........................... 3,000 or More ........................... Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 .......................................... 3 to 5 .......................................... 6 to 8 .......................................... 9 or More ................................... See footnotes at end of table. .4 .9 1.1 .8 .5 2.6 2.5 .2 .7 .3 .2 Q 30.0 11.9 8.6 13.7 9.9 9.9 10.2 Q 26.2 7.4 5.6 Q 222 88 64 101 73 73 75 Q 194 55 42 Q 230 97 68 110 89 81 84 Q 207 58 44 Q 1,843 2,616 1,862 1,317 1,292 2,188 2,228 1,556 894 1,109 1,289 Q 1.04 1.10 1.07 1.09 1.21 1.11 1.11 1.09 1.07 1.06 1.06 Q 13.2 17.3 14.2 12.0 16.2 8.8 9.1 25.7 11.1 15.2 20.7 NF 1.2 1.4 .6 .3 19.7 11.2 4.6 Q 146 83 34 Q 157 91 40 Q 851 1,783 2,649 4,377 1.08 1.09 1.16 1.10 9.2 9.9 16.1 12.9 Q 1.9 1.4 .2 Q 17.5 8.3 2.7 Q 130 62 20 Q 139 69 25 Q 1,236 2,403 3,679 Q 1.07 1.13 1.26 NF 8.6 11.2 24.3 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 55 Table 5.7. Kerosene Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Average per Household Households Using Kerosene (million) Consumption (million Btu) (gallons) Expenditures (dollars) Floorspace (square feet) Expenditures (dollars per gallon) RSE Row Factors Characteristics RSE Column Factors: Ownership of Unit Owned ........................................ Rented ........................................ Public Housing ........................ Not Public Housing ................ Rent Subsidy ...................... No Rent Subsidy ................ Year of Construction 1939 or Before .......................... 1940 to 1949 ............................. 1950 to 1959 ............................. 1960 to 1969 ............................. 1970 to 1979 ............................. 1980 to 1984 ............................. 1985 to 1987 ............................. 1988 to 1990 ............................. 1991 to 1993 2 ........................... 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 ...................... $5,000 to $9,999 ...................... $10,000 to $14,999 .................. $15,000 to $19,999 .................. $20,000 to $24,999 .................. $25,000 to $34,999 .................. $35,000 to $49,999 .................. $50,000 to $74,999 .................. $75,000 or More ....................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................... ............................... ............................... 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 0.7 0.2 2.5 1.1 Q 1.1 Q 1.0 1.1 .3 .4 .7 .6 .2 .2 .2 Q .2 .5 .4 .6 .3 .5 .5 .4 .3 .8 1.0 1.2 1.4 .2 .6 1.0 1.0 .7 2.5 .9 .3 3.0 .5 Q 12.4 13.8 Q 13.2 Q 13.4 11.7 13.9 9.6 7.6 19.7 15.2 10.2 21.0 Q 17.7 14.6 17.9 19.2 15.5 12.4 6.3 5.1 Q 15.6 15.6 15.1 16.8 11.3 13.8 13.2 9.7 16.2 14.1 10.4 Q 12.1 16.4 Q 92 102 Q 98 Q 99 86 103 71 56 146 113 76 156 Q 131 108 133 142 115 92 46 37 Q 116 115 112 125 84 103 98 72 120 105 77 Q 90 121 Q 101 109 Q 104 Q 106 95 107 89 66 150 125 81 160 Q 135 115 140 155 136 97 51 46 Q 123 125 120 134 87 121 104 78 128 115 82 Q 97 140 Q 2,137 1,186 Q 1,191 Q 1,196 1,994 1,941 1,469 1,998 1,760 1,631 1,725 1,888 Q 1,055 1,251 1,288 1,801 1,288 1,531 2,297 2,960 3,004 1,176 1,322 1,374 1,450 825 1,602 1,805 2,093 2,134 1,642 1,985 3,157 1,991 1,164 Q 1.10 1.07 Q 1.07 Q 1.07 1.10 1.04 1.25 1.18 1.03 1.11 1.07 1.02 Q 1.03 1.07 1.06 1.09 1.18 1.05 1.10 1.22 1.19 1.06 1.08 1.07 1.07 1.03 1.18 1.07 1.08 1.07 1.10 1.06 1.10 1.07 1.16 Q 8.8 11.4 NF 11.5 NF 11.4 11.7 17.7 23.4 16.9 14.5 16.8 17.3 25.5 NF 20.6 13.9 17.9 14.1 22.2 20.1 12.9 17.7 21.3 11.3 11.0 10.4 9.6 20.9 15.2 10.5 14.1 14.1 8.3 12.3 23.7 7.7 17.7 NF Eligible for Federal Assistance 3 ................................. Age of Householder Under 25 Years ......................... 25 to 34 Years .......................... 35 to 44 Years .......................... 45 to 59 Years .......................... 60 Years and Over ................... Education of Householder 12 Years or Fewer .................... 13 to 16 Years .......................... 17 Years or More ..................... Race of Householder White .......................................... Black ........................................... Other 4 ......................................... Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes .............................................. No ............................................... See footnotes at end of table. .2 3.5 Q 12.9 Q 95 Q 104 1,879 1,852 1.06 1.09 33.8 7.7 56 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.7. Kerosene Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Average per Household Characteristics Households Using Kerosene (million) Consumption Expenditures (dollars) Floorspace (square feet) Expenditures (dollars per gallon) RSE Row Factors (million Btu) (gallons) RSE Column Factors: 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 0.7 0.2 Household Size 1 Person .................................... 2 Persons ................................... 3 Persons ................................... 4 Persons ................................... 5 Persons ................................... 6 or More Persons ................... 1 2 3 0.6 1.1 .9 .6 .4 Q 17.5 13.0 10.9 9.4 15.9 Q 130 96 81 70 118 Q 134 108 90 74 132 Q 1,317 1,819 2,112 2,186 1,739 Q 1.03 1.12 1.11 1.06 1.12 Q 12.5 12.1 15.8 14.0 16.5 NF Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. Does not include all new construction for 1993. Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 4 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. NF = No applicable RSE row factor. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C, and G of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 57 Table 5.8. Liquefied Petroleum Gas Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 Average per Household Households Using LPG (million) Consumption (million Btu) (gallons) Expenditures (dollars) Floorspace (square feet) Expenditures (dollars per gallon) RSE Row Factors Characteristics RSE Column Factors: 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.7 0.5 Total U.S. Households .............. 8.1 1.2 .6 .7 2.2 1.1 1.1 4.0 2.3 .9 .7 .8 .4 .3 .3 .8 .4 Q 3.2 .6 2.6 4.9 46.8 20.6 23.8 17.9 86.0 96.2 76.0 32.9 28.6 40.7 37.0 50.2 66.4 29.8 26.0 15.8 21.6 32.7 37.5 26.1 40.0 53.0 513 226 260 196 942 1053 832 360 313 446 405 549 728 326 285 173 236 358 410 286 438 580 470 286 310 266 736 834 639 366 355 411 343 551 626 458 401 252 298 294 409 320 429 510 1,841 1,971 1,905 2,026 2,424 2,648 2,204 1,532 1,587 1,413 1,508 1,581 1,564 1,602 1,491 1,589 2,304 1,528 1,920 1,669 1,976 1,789 0.92 1.27 1.19 1.36 .78 .79 .77 1.02 1.14 .92 .85 1.00 .86 1.40 1.41 1.46 1.26 .82 1.00 1.12 .98 .88 4.5 13.7 18.7 15.8 5.0 8.0 6.6 5.8 10.1 7.3 17.3 9.7 8.6 10.9 7.8 11.7 16.5 27.8 6.6 17.4 7.0 5.6 Census Region and Division Northeast ................................... New England .......................... Middle Atlantic ........................ Midwest ...................................... East North Central ................. West North Central ................ South .......................................... South Atlantic ......................... East South Central ................ West South Central ............... West ........................................... Mountain ................................. Pacific ...................................... Largest Populated States California .................................... Florida ........................................ New York ................................... Texas .......................................... Urban Status Urban .......................................... Central City ............................. Suburban ................................. Rural ........................................... Climate Zone 1 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD .................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD .............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD .............. Under 4,000 HDD .................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD .................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................. Detached ................................. Attached .................................. Mobile Home ............................. Multifamily .................................. 2 to 4 Units ............................. 5 or More Units ...................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 ..................... 1,000 to 1,999 ........................... 2,000 to 2,999 ........................... 3,000 or More ........................... Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 .......................................... 3 to 5 .......................................... 6 to 8 .......................................... 9 or More ................................... See footnotes at end of table. 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.6 2.3 6.0 5.9 Q 1.9 .3 .2 Q 53.0 69.5 54.7 38.6 28.8 50.5 50.6 Q 38.6 20.6 17.0 Q 580 761 599 422 316 553 554 Q 423 226 186 Q 504 632 542 429 326 498 499 Q 406 278 233 Q 2,130 2,255 2,069 1,397 1,564 2,149 2,153 Q 904 1,460 1,672 Q .87 .83 .91 1.02 1.03 .90 .90 Q .96 1.23 1.25 Q 10.0 13.7 20.6 8.5 9.8 5.2 5.2 NF 7.0 21.0 28.4 NF 2.6 3.2 1.5 .8 34.9 44.6 53.5 80.4 382 489 586 880 380 453 532 705 856 1,630 2,716 4,144 .99 .93 .91 .80 6.7 5.6 6.5 8.3 Q 4.3 3.4 .4 Q 37.9 56.1 65.0 Q 415 615 712 Q 394 548 627 Q 1,261 2,403 3,261 Q .95 .89 .88 NF 6.3 5.4 12.3 58 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.8. Liquefied Petroleum Gas Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Average per Household Characteristics Households Using LPG (million) Consumption Expenditures (dollars) Floorspace (square feet) Expenditures (dollars per gallon) (million Btu) (gallons) RSE Column Factors: 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.7 0.5 RSE Row Factors Ownership of Unit Owned ........................................ Rented ........................................ Public Housing ........................ Not Public Housing ................ Rent Subsidy ...................... No Rent Subsidy ................ Year of Construction 1939 or Before .......................... 1940 to 1949 ............................. 1950 to 1959 ............................. 1960 to 1969 ............................. 1970 to 1979 ............................. 1980 to 1984 ............................. 1985 to 1987 ............................. 1988 to 1990 ............................. 1991 to 1993 2 ........................... All LPG Paid by Household Yes .............................................. No ............................................... 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 ...................... $5,000 to $9,999 ...................... $10,000 to $14,999 .................. $15,000 to $19,999 .................. $20,000 to $24,999 .................. $25,000 to $34,999 .................. $35,000 to $49,999 .................. $50,000 to $74,999 .................. $75,000 or More ....................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................... ............................... ............................... 6.5 1.6 Q 1.6 Q 1.6 49.1 37.6 Q 37.3 Q 36.1 538 412 Q 408 Q 396 487 402 Q 399 Q 390 1,962 1,353 Q 1,359 Q 1,332 0.91 .98 Q .98 Q .99 4.6 7.8 NF 7.9 NF 8.4 2.2 .6 .8 1.1 1.6 .5 .4 .5 .4 58.8 51.9 34.5 46.5 40.4 31.9 47.5 39.0 55.2 644 569 377 509 443 350 521 427 604 546 518 363 486 413 337 509 446 553 2,260 1,573 1,532 1,721 1,550 1,580 1,929 1,777 2,371 .85 .91 .96 .95 .93 .96 .98 1.04 .92 5.8 16.2 10.3 9.6 6.2 11.8 13.2 13.8 13.6 7.9 .2 46.7 49.9 512 546 469 505 1,853 1,421 .92 .92 4.6 15.9 .4 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 1.6 1.2 .7 .4 34.5 42.3 35.5 44.8 46.4 48.4 56.6 60.7 46.4 378 464 389 490 508 530 620 664 509 368 443 377 456 465 477 546 588 466 1,104 1,186 1,430 1,599 1,617 1,910 2,394 2,845 2,683 .97 .96 .97 .93 .92 .90 .88 .88 .92 15.9 10.1 7.2 10.4 8.1 6.2 7.6 10.4 12.9 1.6 2.3 2.7 38.6 38.4 38.4 423 421 420 410 397 401 1,177 1,208 1,259 .97 .94 .95 8.6 7.2 6.7 Eligible for Federal Assistance 3 ................................. Age of Householder Under 25 Years ......................... 25 to 34 Years .......................... 35 to 44 Years .......................... 45 to 59 Years .......................... 60 Years and Over ................... Education of Householder 12 Years or Fewer .................... 13 to 16 Years .......................... 17 Years or More ..................... Race of Householder White .......................................... Black ........................................... Other 4 ......................................... See footnotes at end of table. 3.0 38.3 419 404 1,386 .96 6.1 .3 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.5 32.6 42.6 41.2 52.0 50.9 357 466 451 569 557 336 437 433 511 499 893 1,669 1,980 1,914 1,901 .94 .94 .96 .90 .90 12.2 6.4 7.4 8.0 7.7 5.7 2.1 .3 45.9 48.4 54.6 502 530 598 459 488 559 1,636 2,303 2,523 .91 .92 .93 5.2 5.2 12.0 7.4 .6 .1 48.8 24.0 31.0 535 263 340 486 287 371 1,893 1,174 1,779 .91 1.09 1.09 4.3 10.5 26.7 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 59 Table 5.8. Liquefied Petroleum Gas Consumption and Expenditures in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Average per Household Characteristics Households Using LPG (million) Consumption Expenditures (dollars) Floorspace (square feet) Expenditures (dollars per gallon) (million Btu) (gallons) RSE Column Factors: 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.7 0.5 RSE Row Factors Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes .............................................. No ............................................... Household Size 1 Person .................................... 2 Persons ................................... 3 Persons ................................... 4 Persons ................................... 5 Persons ................................... 6 or More Persons ................... 1 2 3 0.5 7.7 25.5 48.1 279 527 307 480 1,484 1,862 1.10 .91 17.8 4.5 1.5 2.9 1.4 1.2 .8 .3 40.7 49.6 45.9 45.9 51.1 47.0 445 543 503 503 560 515 408 497 468 469 493 462 1,315 1,907 1,981 1,983 1,964 2,230 .92 .92 .93 .93 .88 .90 9.3 6.9 8.9 7.8 9.8 14.3 Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. Does not include all new construction for 1993. Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 4 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. NF = No applicable RSE row factor. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C, and D of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). 60 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.9. Wood Consumption in U.S. Households, December 1992 Through November 1993 Households Using Wood Consumption Average per Household Households (millions) Wood Used as Main Space-Heating Fuel Consumption Average per Household Total Households (millions) Total Characteristics (quadrillion Btu (million cords) (million Btu) (cords) (quadrillion Btu (million cords) (million Btu) (cords) RSE Column Factors: Total U.S. Households .............. 0.6 20.4 3.4 1.1 2.4 4.1 2.6 1.5 7.2 3.9 1.3 2.0 5.7 1.3 4.4 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 15.6 4.0 11.6 4.9 1.0 0.55 .14 .05 .10 .11 .07 .04 .17 .09 .05 .03 .12 .03 .09 .06 Q .06 .01 .30 .05 .25 .25 1.0 27.4 7.1 2.3 4.8 5.5 3.4 2.1 8.7 4.7 2.4 1.7 6.0 1.5 4.5 3.0 Q 2.8 .7 14.8 2.4 12.4 12.6 0.8 26.8 41.1 44.1 39.8 27.2 26.2 28.9 24.3 24.0 37.5 16.7 21.2 23.6 20.4 20.0 10.8 56.7 10.8 19.1 12.2 21.4 51.7 0.8 1.3 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.9 .8 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 .5 2.8 .5 1.0 .6 1.1 2.6 1.1 3.1 .5 .2 .3 .4 .2 Q 1.1 .7 .3 .2 1.1 .2 .9 .6 Q .2 Q 1.2 .3 .9 1.9 1.5 0.25 .06 .02 .04 .05 .03 Q .07 .04 .02 .01 .07 .01 .05 .03 Q Q Q .10 .02 .08 .16 1.5 12.6 3.0 1.0 2.0 2.5 1.5 Q 3.7 2.2 1.2 .4 3.4 .7 2.7 1.6 Q Q Q 4.8 .9 3.9 7.8 1.0 81.3 132.3 105.4 152.6 129.0 136.9 118.7 64.4 66.0 76.2 38.4 61.0 71.8 58.7 53.5 Q 179.1 Q 79.5 65.0 83.7 82.5 1.0 4.1 6.6 5.3 7.6 6.4 6.8 5.9 3.2 3.3 3.8 1.9 3.1 3.6 2.9 2.7 Q 9.0 Q 4.0 3.2 4.2 4.1 RSE Row Factors 8.3 20.5 17.0 29.2 21.4 27.5 29.5 12.7 19.3 17.1 23.0 10.2 24.3 11.6 14.7 51.8 41.3 25.8 12.0 19.2 13.0 11.8 Census Region and Division Northeast ................................... New England .......................... Middle Atlantic ........................ Midwest ...................................... East North Central ................. West North Central ................ South .......................................... South Atlantic ......................... East South Central ................ West South Central ............... West ........................................... Mountain ................................. Pacific ...................................... Largest Populated States California .................................... Florida ........................................ New York ................................... Texas .......................................... Urban Status Urban .......................................... Central City ............................. Suburban ................................. Rural ........................................... Climate Zone 1 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD .................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD .............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD .............. Under 4,000 HDD .................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD .................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................. Detached ................................. Attached .................................. Mobile Home ............................. Multifamily .................................. 2 to 4 Units ............................. 5 or More Units ...................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 ..................... 1,000 to 1,999 ........................... 2,000 to 2,999 ........................... 3,000 or More ........................... See footnotes at end of table. 2.3 4.5 5.4 4.0 4.2 18.8 17.9 .9 .6 .9 .5 .5 .14 .11 .14 .09 .07 .51 .50 .01 .03 .01 .01 (*) 7.0 5.6 6.8 4.6 3.4 25.6 25.2 .4 1.3 .5 .4 .1 59.9 24.9 25.5 22.8 16.0 27.2 28.1 9.4 40.5 10.1 16.2 4.0 3.0 1.2 1.3 1.1 .8 1.4 1.4 .5 2.0 .5 .8 .2 .7 .3 .8 .8 .5 2.8 2.7 Q .2 Q Q NC .08 .04 .07 .05 .02 .23 .23 Q .02 Q Q NC 4.1 1.8 3.5 2.5 .8 11.5 11.4 Q .9 Q Q NC 122.0 111.1 83.7 62.3 31.4 82.1 83.1 Q 75.3 Q Q NC 6.1 5.6 4.2 3.1 1.6 4.1 4.2 Q 3.8 Q Q NC 19.5 19.8 18.1 12.7 19.1 8.2 8.3 27.3 31.4 37.3 48.3 44.2 1.4 8.5 6.4 4.1 .05 .22 .17 .11 2.6 10.8 8.6 5.3 38.7 25.4 26.8 25.9 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 .6 1.5 .7 .4 .04 .11 .06 .04 2.1 5.4 3.2 1.9 76.1 71.9 95.3 102.0 3.8 3.6 4.8 5.1 18.8 10.7 13.5 16.1 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 61 Table 5.9. Wood Consumption in U.S. Households, December 1992 Through November 1993 (Continued) Households Using Wood Wood Used as Main Space-Heating Fuel Consumption Consumption Total Households (millions) Average per Household Households (millions) Total Average per Household Characteristics (quadrillion Btu (million cords) (million Btu) (cords) (quadrillion Btu (million cords) (million Btu) (cords) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 .......................................... 3 to 5 .......................................... 6 to 8 .......................................... 9 or More ................................... Ownership of Unit Owned ........................................ Rented ........................................ Public Housing ........................ Not Public Housing ................ Rent Subsidy ...................... No Rent Subsidy ................ Year of Construction 1939 or Before .......................... 1940 to 1949 ............................. 1950 to 1959 ............................. 1960 to 1969 ............................. 1970 to 1979 ............................. 1980 to 1984 ............................. 1985 to 1987 ............................. 1988 to 1990 ............................. 1991 to 1993 2 ........................... 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 ...................... $5,000 to $9,999 ...................... $10,000 to $14,999 .................. $15,000 to $19,999 .................. $20,000 to $24,999 .................. $25,000 to $34,999 .................. $35,000 to $49,999 .................. $50,000 to $74,999 .................. $75,000 or More ....................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................... ............................... ............................... Q 5.2 12.8 2.5 Q 0.17 .31 .06 Q 8.7 15.7 3.0 Q 33.8 24.5 24.4 Q 1.7 1.2 1.2 NC 1.3 1.6 .2 NC 0.11 .12 .03 NC 5.6 5.8 1.3 NC 87.6 72.1 110.5 NC 4.4 3.6 5.5 NF 12.2 11.3 24.5 17.9 2.5 Q 2.5 Q 2.4 .49 .06 Q .06 Q .05 24.4 3.0 Q 2.9 Q 2.7 27.3 23.7 Q 23.9 Q 22.7 1.4 1.2 Q 1.2 Q 1.1 2.7 .4 Q .4 Q .4 .22 .04 Q .04 Q .03 10.8 1.8 Q 1.8 Q 1.6 81.2 81.9 Q 85.7 Q 78.1 4.1 4.1 Q 4.3 Q 3.9 8.5 18.1 NF 18.0 NF 16.0 2.7 1.2 2.7 3.1 4.5 2.1 1.5 1.5 1.2 .13 .03 .07 .07 .12 .07 .02 .02 .02 6.7 1.5 3.4 3.4 6.1 3.4 1.0 1.1 .8 50.2 26.0 24.8 22.2 27.1 31.9 13.6 14.1 13.8 2.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .2 .4 .4 .8 .3 .1 .2 Q Q .08 .01 .03 .03 .06 .04 .01 .01 3.8 .7 1.4 1.4 2.8 1.9 .3 .3 Q 113.5 65.6 65.9 67.9 72.7 112.7 57.9 39.1 Q 5.7 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.6 5.6 2.9 2.0 Q 16.9 17.4 17.5 16.3 12.8 16.7 22.7 24.9 24.6 .3 .8 1.1 1.4 1.3 2.7 4.6 4.7 3.7 .01 .04 .06 .05 .06 .07 .12 .09 .07 .7 1.8 2.9 2.3 2.8 3.4 5.9 4.3 3.3 50.4 46.2 51.8 33.0 43.1 25.9 25.9 18.2 17.9 2.5 2.3 2.6 1.6 2.2 1.3 1.3 .9 .9 Q .3 .4 .2 .3 .4 .7 .4 .2 Q .03 .04 .03 .03 .03 .06 .03 .01 Q 1.3 2.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 2.8 1.5 .7 Q 91.5 96.0 112.4 105.2 67.8 77.3 70.9 62.4 Q 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.3 3.4 3.9 3.5 3.1 49.1 25.9 17.0 26.6 19.6 15.9 15.0 14.8 17.2 1.2 1.9 2.6 .06 .11 .13 3.2 5.3 6.3 51.7 56.6 48.5 2.6 2.8 2.4 .5 .8 .9 .04 .07 .08 2.0 3.6 4.2 80.6 92.6 91.4 4.0 4.6 4.6 22.1 18.4 16.9 Eligible for Federal Assistance 3 ................................. Age of Householder Under 25 Years ......................... 25 to 34 Years .......................... 35 to 44 Years .......................... 45 to 59 Years .......................... 60 Years and Over ................... See footnotes at end of table. 3.3 .15 7.7 47.4 2.4 1.1 .10 5.2 90.5 4.5 14.1 .5 3.6 5.9 6.0 4.5 .01 .06 .16 .17 .15 .4 3.1 8.0 8.6 7.3 16.0 17.5 27.1 28.4 32.9 .8 .9 1.4 1.4 1.6 Q .4 .9 1.0 .7 Q .03 .08 .08 .06 Q 1.5 3.9 4.0 3.0 Q 66.4 87.4 83.9 81.4 Q 3.3 4.4 4.2 4.1 38.9 15.4 10.7 13.9 13.9 62 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.9. Wood Consumption in U.S. Households, December 1992 Through November 1993 (Continued) Households Using Wood Wood Used as Main Space-Heating Fuel Consumption Consumption Total Households (millions) Average per Household Households (millions) Total Average per Household Characteristics (quadrillion Btu (million cords) (million Btu) (cords) (quadrillion Btu (million cords) (million Btu) (cords) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 Education of Householder 12 Years or Fewer .................... 13 Years or More ..................... Race of Householder White .......................................... Black ........................................... Other 4 ......................................... Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes .............................................. No ............................................... Household Size 1 Person .................................... 2 Persons ................................... 3 Persons ................................... 4 Persons ................................... 5 Persons ................................... 6 or More Persons ................... Main Heating Fuel Natural Gas ............................... Electricity .................................... Fuel Oil or Kerosene ................ Wood .......................................... Heating Stove ......................... Fireplace ................................. Furnace/Other ........................ LPG ............................................. Other .......................................... Secondary Heating Equipment Used ........................ Amount of Wood Burned in Past 12 Months Less than One-half Cord ......... One-half to Less than 1 ........... 1 to Less than 2 ....................... 2 to 4 Cords .............................. More than 4 Cords ................... See footnotes at end of table. 8.0 12.4 0.30 .24 15.2 12.1 38.1 19.6 1.9 1.0 1.9 1.2 0.16 .09 8.1 4.5 83.7 77.4 4.2 3.9 11.7 9.0 18.9 .9 .6 .53 .01 .01 26.3 .6 .5 27.8 13.6 17.9 1.4 .7 .9 2.9 .2 Q .24 .01 Q 12.0 .3 Q 83.8 39.7 Q 4.2 2.0 Q 8.8 24.4 41.9 .9 19.5 .02 .53 .8 26.6 17.5 27.3 .9 1.4 .2 2.9 .01 .24 .4 12.2 Q 83.0 Q 4.2 31.1 8.3 2.1 7.4 3.7 4.6 1.9 .8 .05 .19 .10 .11 .07 .03 2.7 9.4 5.2 5.3 3.4 1.4 25.5 25.7 28.3 23.1 35.1 35.7 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.8 1.8 .4 1.0 .6 .6 .3 .2 .03 .08 .05 .05 .04 .01 1.3 3.8 2.5 2.5 1.9 .6 70.6 74.8 89.2 83.1 107.6 62.1 3.5 3.7 4.5 4.2 5.4 3.1 20.5 10.6 17.8 15.5 22.1 24.4 8.8 5.4 2.3 3.1 2.4 .4 .3 .7 Q .11 .09 .08 .25 .19 .02 .04 .02 Q 5.5 4.3 4.1 12.6 9.4 1.0 2.2 .9 Q 12.4 15.7 35.2 81.3 79.3 45.4 151.5 26.9 Q .6 .8 1.8 4.1 4.0 2.3 7.6 1.3 Q ---3.1 2.4 .4 .3 --- ---.25 .19 .02 .04 --- ---12.6 9.4 1.0 2.2 --- ---81.3 79.3 45.4 151.5 --- ---4.1 4.0 2.3 7.6 --- 11.4 13.9 18.7 10.1 10.1 22.9 20.1 31.4 NF .8 .08 3.8 89.6 4.5 .7 .07 3.4 99.2 5.0 14.2 9.6 4.1 2.1 2.7 1.7 .03 .05 .04 .15 .28 1.5 2.4 2.2 7.4 13.8 3.2 11.7 21.8 54.3 164.7 .2 .6 1.1 2.7 8.2 Q .4 .4 1.2 1.0 Q (*) .01 .07 .17 Q .2 .5 3.4 8.4 Q 12.4 24.4 59.7 163.5 Q .6 1.2 3.0 8.2 5.7 6.3 7.0 6.0 10.9 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 63 Table 5.9. Wood Consumption in U.S. Households, December 1992 Through November 1993 (Continued) Households Using Wood Wood Used as Main Space-Heating Fuel Consumption Consumption Total Households (millions) Average per Household Households (millions) Total Average per Household Characteristics (quadrillion Btu (million cords) (million Btu) (cords) (quadrillion Btu (million cords) (million Btu) (cords) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 Purchased Firewood Yes .............................................. No ............................................... 1 2 6.9 13.2 0.24 .31 12.0 15.4 34.6 23.3 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.6 0.12 .14 5.8 6.8 83.3 84.7 4.2 4.2 13.0 8.4 Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. Does not include all new construction for 1993. 3 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 4 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed. -- = Data not applicable. NC = No cases in sample. NF = No applicable RSE row factor. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, and C of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). 64 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.10. Average Expenditures for Major Energy Sources in U.S. Households, 1993 (Dollars per Million Btu) Characteristics RSE Column Factors: Total U.S. Households .............. Major Energy Sources 1 1.0 12.38 12.47 12.45 12.47 9.94 9.79 10.35 14.82 16.55 12.64 13.76 12.54 10.45 13.61 14.47 22.63 13.01 14.24 12.35 11.84 12.67 12.50 Electricity 0.8 24.69 33.55 33.14 33.69 23.67 24.57 21.84 22.61 23.71 18.32 23.62 24.23 21.72 25.29 32.86 24.41 40.62 23.52 25.70 25.99 25.55 21.82 Natural Gas 0.8 6.07 7.73 8.43 7.59 5.38 5.41 5.29 6.13 7.15 5.65 5.52 5.55 4.81 5.96 6.09 8.48 8.37 5.54 6.17 6.35 6.03 5.55 Fuel Oil 0.8 6.46 6.41 6.51 6.35 6.22 6.28 6.15 6.89 6.90 Q NC 7.24 Q 7.31 Q Q 6.28 NC 6.48 5.94 6.67 6.41 Kerosene 1.3 8.08 7.64 7.64 7.64 8.86 8.85 8.98 8.26 8.27 8.00 Q Q Q Q Q 9.52 7.79 Q 8.21 7.87 8.38 7.96 Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1.7 10.04 13.90 13.04 14.86 8.55 8.67 8.41 11.13 12.44 10.10 9.27 10.99 9.41 15.38 15.42 16.00 13.83 8.98 10.92 12.28 10.72 9.62 RSE Row Factors 1.3 2.2 2.8 2.5 2.5 3.3 3.4 2.5 3.0 4.4 4.3 3.8 4.6 3.1 2.2 5.9 3.1 5.6 1.7 2.5 1.9 2.3 Census Region and Division Northeast ................................... New England .......................... Middle Atlantic ........................ Midwest ...................................... East North Central ................. West North Central ................ South .......................................... South Atlantic ......................... East South Central ................ West South Central ............... West ........................................... Mountain ................................. Pacific ...................................... Largest Populated States California .................................... Florida ........................................ New York ................................... Texas .......................................... Urban Status Urban .......................................... Central City ............................. Suburban ................................. Rural ........................................... Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ....................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................. Under 4,000 HDD .................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD .................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................. Detached ................................. Attached .................................. Mobile Home ............................. Multifamily .................................. 2 to 4 Units ............................. 5 or More Units ...................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 ..................... 1,000 to 1,999 ........................... 2,000 to 2,999 ........................... 3,000 or More ........................... Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 .......................................... 3 to 5 .......................................... 6 to 8 .......................................... 9 or More ................................... Ownership of Unit Owned ........................................ Rented ........................................ Public Housing ........................ Not Public Housing ................ Rent Subsidy ...................... No Rent Subsidy ................ See footnotes at end of table. 10.11 10.50 12.54 14.10 16.03 12.16 12.06 13.15 14.69 12.82 11.18 14.39 22.19 25.15 24.75 25.91 24.27 24.29 24.14 25.72 23.06 27.53 28.25 27.16 5.39 5.85 6.82 6.20 5.90 5.96 5.90 6.53 5.61 6.63 6.62 6.65 6.31 6.52 6.47 6.53 Q 6.63 6.64 6.57 6.84 5.60 6.56 4.54 7.69 8.17 7.95 8.04 8.97 8.21 8.22 8.09 7.91 7.82 7.87 Q 9.51 9.10 9.92 11.12 11.31 9.87 9.87 Q 10.49 13.48 13.70 Q 2.7 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.2 1.4 1.5 3.4 3.1 2.4 3.0 2.4 13.12 12.77 11.87 11.27 25.19 24.54 24.61 24.58 6.35 6.08 6.00 5.84 5.74 6.54 6.59 6.60 7.98 8.11 8.60 8.15 10.88 10.14 9.95 8.77 1.9 1.6 2.3 2.5 13.88 12.96 12.10 11.45 12.29 12.66 12.94 12.64 11.93 12.69 28.03 24.89 24.35 25.21 24.37 25.67 24.98 25.74 26.82 25.68 7.24 6.20 5.99 5.92 6.00 6.28 6.27 6.28 6.65 6.25 5.82 6.13 6.64 6.66 6.63 5.82 4.34 5.89 5.62 5.91 Q 7.96 8.36 9.34 8.16 7.89 Q 7.90 Q 7.90 Q 10.40 9.76 9.64 9.91 10.70 Q 10.70 Q 10.79 6.3 1.6 1.7 3.2 1.5 1.8 4.5 1.9 4.6 1.9 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 65 Table 5.10. Average Expenditures for Major Energy Sources in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) (Dollars per Million Btu) Major Energy Sources 1 Liquefied Petroleum Gas RSE Row Factors Characteristics Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil Kerosene RSE Column Factors: 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.7 Year of Construction 1939 or Before .......................... 1940 to 1949 ............................. 1950 to 1959 ............................. 1960 to 1969 ............................. 1970 to 1979 ............................. 1980 to 1984 ............................. 1985 to 1987 ............................. 1988 to 1990 ............................. 1991 to 1993 3 ........................... All Utilities Paid by Household Yes .............................................. No ............................................... 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 ...................... $5,000 to $9,999 ...................... $10,000 to $14,999 .................. $15,000 to $19,999 .................. $20,000 to $24,999 .................. $25,000 to $34,999 .................. $35,000 to $49,999 .................. $50,000 to $74,999 .................. $75,000 or More ....................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................... ............................... ............................... 10.24 11.09 12.16 12.22 13.91 15.53 15.06 14.63 13.49 26.03 24.36 26.66 25.22 23.49 24.07 24.05 23.42 23.35 6.20 6.18 6.23 5.97 5.72 6.03 6.11 5.90 6.09 6.36 6.33 6.76 6.49 6.41 6.53 6.49 6.51 6.62 8.15 7.68 9.25 8.76 7.60 8.20 7.96 7.58 Q 9.29 9.97 10.52 10.45 10.22 10.54 10.71 11.42 10.02 2.0 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.1 3.2 2.8 3.3 3.0 12.52 11.17 24.34 29.82 6.02 6.45 6.64 5.42 8.10 7.77 10.03 10.09 1.4 2.7 12.41 11.99 11.72 11.73 12.24 12.58 12.70 12.52 12.93 25.89 24.80 25.10 23.94 23.86 24.06 24.78 24.44 26.25 6.35 6.16 6.08 5.90 6.05 5.99 6.10 6.00 6.24 6.13 6.27 6.26 6.34 6.20 6.50 6.47 6.63 6.80 7.65 7.90 7.83 8.07 8.72 7.78 8.11 9.02 8.85 10.67 10.47 10.61 10.18 10.03 9.87 9.63 9.69 10.03 3.4 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.0 1.8 2.5 3.1 12.30 12.27 12.32 25.15 24.91 24.68 6.22 6.20 6.16 6.06 6.05 6.15 7.88 7.99 7.95 10.61 10.33 10.45 2.1 2.0 1.9 Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................. Age of Householder Under 25 Years ......................... 25 to 34 Years .......................... 35 to 44 Years .......................... 45 to 59 Years .......................... 60 Years and Over ................... Education of Householder 12 Years or Fewer .................... 13 to 16 Years .......................... 17 Years or More ..................... Race of Householder White .......................................... Black ........................................... Other 5 ......................................... Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes .............................................. No ............................................... See footnotes at end of table. 12.08 24.94 6.15 6.21 7.95 10.54 1.6 12.68 12.45 13.02 12.59 11.62 24.16 24.72 24.70 24.44 25.03 5.95 6.06 6.15 6.03 6.08 6.22 6.18 6.52 6.52 6.51 7.65 8.72 7.92 8.03 7.90 10.30 10.27 10.50 9.82 9.81 3.2 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.8 12.19 12.67 12.40 24.38 24.77 25.77 6.05 6.05 6.21 6.32 6.58 6.70 8.12 7.87 8.13 10.00 10.09 10.24 1.5 1.4 2.3 12.42 11.72 13.59 24.37 26.26 27.91 6.01 6.29 6.54 6.50 6.32 5.63 7.95 8.57 Q 9.94 11.96 11.94 1.4 2.6 4.1 13.12 12.33 27.53 24.51 6.46 6.05 5.72 6.52 7.85 8.09 12.07 9.97 3.1 1.4 66 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.10. Average Expenditures for Major Energy Sources in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) (Dollars per Million Btu) Major Energy Sources 1 Liquefied Petroleum Gas RSE Row Factors Characteristics Electricity Natural Gas Fuel Oil Kerosene RSE Column Factors: 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.7 Household Size 1 Person .................................... 2 Persons ................................... 3 Persons ................................... 4 Persons ................................... 5 Persons ................................... 6 or More Persons ................... 1 2 3 11.79 12.37 12.54 12.47 12.98 12.75 25.28 24.23 24.95 24.67 24.45 25.52 6.08 6.02 6.22 6.04 6.02 6.09 6.51 6.41 6.53 6.52 6.33 6.34 7.64 8.26 8.25 7.85 8.29 Q 10.04 10.02 10.19 10.21 9.65 9.83 2.0 1.7 2.2 1.8 2.5 3.8 Major Energy Sources include: electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas. Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. NC = No cases in sample. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A-G of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 67 Table 5.11. Total Consumption and Expenditures by End Uses in U.S. Households, 1993 Space Heating Air Conditioning Water Heating Refrigerator Appliances Characteristics Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Expenditures (billion dollars) Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Expenditures (billion dollars) Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Expenditures (billion dollars) Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Expenditures (billion dollars) Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Expenditures (billion dollars) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 1.1 1 0.9 1 1.5 1 1.5 1 0.9 1 0.8 1 0.9 1 0.9 1 0.9 1 0.9 1 Total U.S. Households ............... 5.32 39.67 0.46 11.33 1.83 16.99 0.46 11.98 1.94 43.95 1.6 Census Region and Division Northeast ..................................... New England ............................ Middle Atlantic ......................... Midwest ....................................... East North Central .................. West North Central ................. South ............................................ South Atlantic ........................... East South Central .................. West South Central ................. West ............................................. Mountain ................................... Pacific ........................................ Largest Populated States California ...................................... Florida .......................................... New York ..................................... Texas ........................................... Urban Status Urban ........................................... Central City ............................... Suburban .................................. Rural ............................................. Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ...................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................ 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................ Under 4,000 HDD .................... 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD .................... Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................... Detached .................................. Attached ................................... Mobile Home ............................... Multifamily .................................... 2 to 4 Units .............................. 5 or More Units ........................ Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 ....................... 1,000 to 1,999 ............................ 2,000 to 2,999 ............................ 3,000 or More ............................. See footnotes at end of table. 1.49 .40 1.09 1.92 1.41 .52 1.21 .56 .25 .40 .70 .28 .42 11.39 3.12 8.27 12.09 8.69 3.40 11.09 5.83 2.19 3.08 5.09 1.73 3.36 .04 .01 .03 .08 .05 .03 .31 .14 .05 .11 .03 .01 .02 1.39 .24 1.15 1.90 1.26 .64 7.11 3.46 .97 2.69 .92 .37 .56 .43 .11 .32 .52 .39 .14 .51 .22 .09 .20 .36 .10 .26 4.17 1.17 3.00 4.06 2.84 1.22 5.89 3.20 1.01 1.68 2.87 .81 2.06 .08 .02 .06 .11 .07 .03 .19 .09 .04 .06 .09 .02 .06 2.66 .64 2.02 2.59 1.88 .71 4.38 2.18 .66 1.54 2.35 .55 1.80 .35 .09 .26 .50 .35 .15 .73 .34 .14 .25 .37 .10 .26 10.10 2.60 7.51 10.48 7.55 2.93 15.19 7.71 2.38 5.10 8.18 2.04 6.13 3.6 6.7 4.2 3.3 4.0 4.7 2.8 4.0 5.0 5.3 3.8 6.1 4.9 .27 .05 .51 .23 2.07 .88 3.95 1.85 .02 .06 .01 .07 .53 1.44 .50 1.65 .21 .04 .16 .12 1.51 .89 1.51 1.03 .04 .03 .02 .04 1.47 .78 1.01 .97 .18 .11 .12 .15 4.92 2.59 3.76 3.19 5.2 9.1 7.6 7.4 4.11 1.56 2.54 1.21 30.17 11.18 19.00 9.49 .36 .13 .24 .10 9.18 3.19 5.99 2.15 1.50 .62 .88 .33 13.02 5.05 7.97 3.97 .36 .13 .22 .10 9.70 3.73 5.97 2.27 1.50 .54 .96 .45 34.53 12.19 22.34 9.41 1.9 3.1 2.3 4.2 .69 2.11 1.35 .60 .57 4.39 14.28 10.77 5.03 5.20 .01 .07 .10 .08 .21 .26 1.67 2.57 1.85 4.98 .17 .59 .44 .31 .31 1.66 4.89 4.20 2.84 3.41 .03 .11 .10 .08 .12 .79 3.05 2.75 2.27 3.12 .18 .54 .44 .32 .46 3.80 12.05 10.22 7.72 10.16 21.6 9.7 9.3 12.5 7.6 4.31 3.96 .36 .22 .79 .48 .31 31.36 28.47 2.89 1.93 6.37 3.59 2.79 .37 .33 .04 .03 .06 .02 .04 8.87 7.92 .95 .82 1.63 .43 1.20 1.33 1.19 .14 .07 .43 .17 .26 12.09 10.82 1.27 1.11 3.79 1.43 2.36 .35 .32 .03 .02 .08 .03 .06 8.97 8.02 .94 .55 2.46 .86 1.61 1.56 1.42 .14 .11 .27 .11 .16 34.99 31.79 3.19 2.30 6.67 2.61 4.05 2.3 2.5 9.1 9.8 5.3 8.1 6.9 .94 2.05 1.39 .94 7.72 15.72 9.93 6.30 .08 .21 .11 .07 2.04 5.03 2.61 1.64 .45 .76 .39 .22 4.48 7.10 3.48 1.93 .11 .19 .10 .06 3.00 5.02 2.53 1.42 .38 .83 .45 .28 8.41 18.80 10.38 6.36 3.7 2.9 4.0 7.2 68 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.11. Total Consumption and Expenditures by End Uses in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Space Heating Air Conditioning Water Heating Refrigerator Appliances Characteristics Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Expenditures (billion dollars) Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Expenditures (billion dollars) Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Expenditures (billion dollars) Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Expenditures (billion dollars) Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Expenditures (billion dollars) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 1.1 1 0.9 1 1.5 1 1.5 1 0.9 1 0.8 1 0.9 1 0.9 1 0.9 1 0.9 1 Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 ........................................... 3 to 5 ........................................... 6 to 8 ........................................... 9 or More .................................... Ownership of Unit Owned ......................................... Rented ......................................... Public Housing ......................... Not Public Housing .................. Rent Subsidy ........................ No Rent Subsidy ................. Year of Construction 1939 or Before ........................... 1940 to 1949 .............................. 1950 to 1959 .............................. 1960 to 1969 .............................. 1970 to 1979 .............................. 1980 to 1984 .............................. 1985 to 1987 .............................. 1988 to 1990 .............................. 1991 to 1993 3 ............................. All Utilities Paid by Household Yes ............................................... No ................................................. 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 ....................... $5,000 to $9,999 ........................ $10,000 to $14,999 .................... $15,000 to $19,999 .................... $20,000 to $24,999 .................... $25,000 to $34,999 .................... $35,000 to $49,999 .................... $50,000 to $74,999 .................... $75,000 or More ......................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ................................. ................................. ................................. 0.05 1.88 2.79 .60 4.10 1.22 .09 1.13 .08 1.06 1.69 .45 .81 .82 .73 .26 .19 .18 .18 4.79 .53 .17 .48 .56 .54 .46 .77 .97 .77 .61 .63 .88 1.13 1.50 .20 .94 1.09 1.28 1.81 0.50 15.01 20.20 3.95 30.04 9.62 .77 8.85 .61 8.25 11.17 3.04 5.76 6.03 6.21 2.54 1.75 1.65 1.51 35.96 3.70 1.31 3.80 4.05 3.84 3.44 5.86 7.17 5.68 4.51 4.84 6.72 8.68 11.32 1.63 7.06 8.29 9.51 13.17 (*) 0.17 .24 .05 .36 .10 .01 .09 (*) .09 .04 .02 .06 .08 .10 .06 .04 .03 .03 .44 .02 .01 .03 .03 .04 .04 .07 .10 .08 .07 .04 .06 .08 .09 .02 .09 .12 .13 .10 0.13 4.25 5.71 1.25 8.80 2.53 .18 2.35 .11 2.24 1.11 .50 1.53 1.85 2.32 1.45 1.05 .77 .75 10.66 .67 .33 .69 .74 .91 .88 1.73 2.37 1.94 1.74 1.00 1.39 1.92 2.27 .49 2.22 2.88 3.13 2.62 0.04 .79 .85 .15 1.22 .60 .06 .55 .04 .51 .42 .13 .27 .29 .31 .14 .10 .08 .08 1.55 .28 .07 .16 .19 .16 .15 .25 .36 .28 .20 .27 .36 .45 .55 .10 .41 .46 .45 .39 0.38 7.71 7.66 1.24 11.45 5.54 .51 5.02 .31 4.72 3.57 1.14 2.26 2.45 3.21 1.56 1.04 .96 .81 14.97 2.02 .65 1.49 1.76 1.57 1.43 2.50 3.36 2.50 1.73 2.50 3.39 4.35 5.19 1.00 3.83 4.41 4.21 3.54 0.01 .20 .21 .04 .33 .12 .01 .11 .01 .11 .09 .03 .07 .07 .09 .04 .03 .02 .02 .41 .04 .02 .04 .05 .04 .04 .07 .08 .07 .05 .06 .08 .11 .13 .02 .08 .10 .11 .14 0.26 5.24 5.49 .99 8.52 3.46 .30 3.15 .19 2.96 2.36 .86 1.85 1.94 2.26 1.11 .65 .52 .43 10.63 1.35 .44 1.17 1.24 1.10 1.01 1.72 2.20 1.72 1.38 1.61 2.18 2.81 3.47 .55 2.10 2.63 2.98 3.72 0.02 .74 1.00 .19 1.48 .47 .04 .43 .03 .40 .39 .14 .29 .29 .37 .17 .11 .11 .09 1.79 .16 .06 .15 .18 .17 .16 .29 .39 .31 .24 .24 .33 .43 .51 .08 .38 .49 .51 .48 0.57 16.68 22.40 4.30 33.25 10.70 .82 9.88 .59 9.28 8.76 3.01 6.73 6.62 8.18 3.89 2.56 2.33 1.87 40.13 3.81 1.30 3.19 3.90 3.79 3.58 6.47 8.97 7.01 5.74 5.23 7.20 9.27 11.37 1.80 8.43 11.30 11.39 11.03 12.9 2.9 3.2 9.4 2.2 3.6 12.5 4.1 12.0 4.3 5.5 8.5 6.3 5.8 5.0 6.5 9.2 8.3 11.0 1.8 5.4 10.2 5.7 5.0 6.5 5.6 4.9 4.1 5.0 7.6 4.9 4.3 3.7 3.6 9.7 3.8 3.4 4.0 3.6 Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................... Age of Householder Under 25 Years .......................... 25 to 34 Years ............................ 35 to 44 Years ............................ 45 to 59 Years ............................ 60 Years and Over .................... See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 69 Table 5.11. Total Consumption and Expenditures by End Uses in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Space Heating Air Conditioning Water Heating Refrigerator Appliances Characteristics Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Expenditures (billion dollars) Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Expenditures (billion dollars) Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Expenditures (billion dollars) Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Expenditures (billion dollars) Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Expenditures (billion dollars) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 1.1 1 0.9 1 1.5 1 1.5 1 0.9 1 0.8 1 0.9 1 0.9 1 0.9 1 0.9 1 Education of Householder Less than 13 Years ................... 13 to 16 Years ............................ 17 Years or More ....................... Race of Householder White ............................................ Black ............................................ Other 5 .......................................... Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes ............................................... No ................................................. Household Size 1 Person ...................................... 2 Persons .................................... 3 Persons .................................... 4 Persons .................................... 5 Persons .................................... 6 or More Persons ..................... 1 2 2.78 1.84 .70 20.64 13.87 5.16 0.21 .18 .07 5.00 4.61 1.72 0.95 .64 .23 9.02 6.01 1.96 0.24 .16 .06 6.24 4.24 1.50 1.00 .70 .24 22.26 15.98 5.71 2.5 2.9 5.3 4.54 .61 .17 33.86 4.42 1.39 .40 .05 .02 9.80 1.10 .43 1.46 .25 .11 13.91 2.13 .95 .38 .05 .02 9.91 1.41 .66 1.65 .21 .08 37.33 4.58 2.04 1.9 6.9 9.5 .28 5.04 2.16 37.51 .03 .43 .72 10.60 .17 1.66 1.37 15.63 .03 .42 .95 11.02 .14 1.81 3.21 40.73 9.1 1.9 1.12 1.77 .96 .90 .38 .20 8.53 13.32 7.09 6.46 2.83 1.44 .07 .16 .09 .08 .04 .02 1.79 3.78 2.23 2.08 .96 .48 .26 .53 .37 .38 .18 .11 2.36 5.06 3.43 3.43 1.73 .98 .09 .16 .08 .07 .03 .02 2.54 4.09 2.13 1.86 .85 .51 .26 .60 .38 .40 .20 .11 6.03 13.46 8.60 8.96 4.36 2.53 2.7 2.8 4.5 3.7 6.6 11.0 This factor is underestimated because it contains no error for estimating this end use. Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. 3 Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Consumption and Expenditure data are for major energy sources which include: electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A-H of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). 70 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.12. Consumption by End Uses, per U.S. Household, 1993 All Uses Space Heating Air Conditioning Water Heating Refrigerator Appliances Characteristics Households (million) Consumption (million Btu) Households (million) Consumption (million Btu) Households (million) Consumption (million Btu) Households (million) Consumption (mil lion Btu) Households (million) Consumption (million Btu) Households (million) Consumption (million Btu) RSE Row Factors 1.6 3.9 6.0 4.4 3.2 3.6 5.3 2.7 3.6 3.9 5.3 4.4 7.5 5.3 5.4 6.3 6.9 7.4 1.9 2.2 1.7 3.0 RSE Column Factors: Total U.S. Households ............... 1.1 96.6 19.5 5.1 14.4 23.3 16.4 6.9 33.5 17.3 6.0 10.1 20.4 5.4 15.0 11.1 5.6 6.8 6.4 75.8 30.6 45.2 20.8 0.8 103.6 122.4 123.1 122.1 134.3 138.8 123.8 88.1 78.0 94.9 101.1 76.0 98.1 68.2 65.2 52.3 121.2 94.7 103.2 97.7 107.0 104.9 1.1 94.6 19.1 4.9 14.2 23.2 16.3 6.9 32.8 16.8 5.9 10.1 19.4 5.3 14.1 10.6 5.3 6.7 6.4 74.4 29.9 44.6 20.2 1.1 1 56.3 77.7 81.7 76.3 82.8 86.3 74.5 36.8 33.1 43.3 39.1 36.2 53.3 29.8 25.8 9.2 76.2 35.1 55.2 52.4 57.1 60.1 1.3 64.0 10.9 2.1 8.8 16.4 10.8 5.6 29.4 15.0 5.3 9.2 7.2 2.1 5.1 4.4 5.1 3.9 5.8 50.3 18.9 31.3 13.7 1.3 1 7.2 3.7 3.6 3.7 4.9 4.7 5.2 10.5 9.6 10.0 12.1 4.4 6.6 3.5 3.7 11.5 2.9 12.0 7.2 6.7 7.5 7.1 1.1 95.9 19.3 5.0 14.3 23.3 16.4 6.9 33.2 17.1 5.9 10.1 20.2 5.3 14.9 11.1 5.5 6.7 6.4 75.3 30.4 44.9 20.6 0.8 1 19.0 22.2 21.2 22.6 22.4 23.6 19.7 15.5 12.7 15.4 20.1 17.9 19.4 17.4 18.7 7.7 24.1 18.7 19.9 20.4 19.5 15.9 1.1 96.4 19.4 5.1 14.3 23.3 16.4 6.9 33.4 17.3 6.0 10.1 20.3 5.4 15.0 11.1 5.6 6.8 6.4 75.7 30.5 45.1 20.8 0.7 1 4.7 3.9 3.7 3.9 4.5 4.5 4.6 5.7 5.2 5.8 6.3 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.0 5.7 3.5 6.3 4.7 4.4 4.9 4.8 1.1 96.6 19.5 5.1 14.4 23.3 16.4 6.9 33.5 17.3 6.0 10.1 20.4 5.4 15.0 11.1 5.6 6.8 6.4 75.8 30.6 45.2 20.8 0.7 1 20.1 18.1 17.5 18.3 21.4 21.5 21.2 21.7 19.7 22.8 24.6 18.0 19.3 17.5 16.6 19.6 17.1 24.0 19.8 17.7 21.2 21.5 Census Region and Division Northeast ..................................... New England ............................ Middle Atlantic ......................... Midwest ....................................... East North Central .................. West North Central ................. South ............................................ South Atlantic ........................... East South Central .................. West South Central ................. West ............................................. Mountain ................................... Pacific ........................................ Largest Populated States California ...................................... Florida .......................................... New York ..................................... Texas ........................................... Urban Status Urban ........................................... Central City ............................... Suburban .................................. Rural ............................................. Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ...................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................ 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................ Under 4,000 HDD .................... 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD .................... Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................... Detached .................................. Attached ................................... Mobile Home ............................... Multifamily .................................... 2 to 4 Units .............................. 5 or More Units ........................ Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 ....................... 1,000 to 1,999 ............................ 2,000 to 2,999 ............................ 3,000 or More ............................. Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 ........................................... 3 to 5 ........................................... 6 to 8 ........................................... 9 or More .................................... See footnotes at end of table. 8.7 26.5 22.4 17.8 21.2 66.8 59.5 7.3 5.6 24.2 8.0 16.2 124.0 129.2 108.5 78.5 79.1 118.6 121.3 96.3 81.9 67.3 99.5 51.5 8.5 26.3 22.1 17.2 20.5 65.5 58.3 7.2 5.4 23.6 7.9 15.8 80.9 80.4 61.3 35.0 27.5 65.9 67.9 49.6 40.1 33.4 60.3 19.9 4.0 15.5 16.0 10.3 18.1 45.1 39.9 5.2 3.7 15.1 3.9 11.2 2.9 4.2 6.2 7.5 11.4 8.1 8.2 7.2 9.3 4.0 3.8 4.0 8.6 26.4 22.2 17.7 21.0 66.3 59.0 7.3 5.5 24.1 8.0 16.1 19.5 22.5 19.9 17.5 14.9 20.0 20.1 19.0 13.2 17.7 21.0 16.0 8.7 26.5 22.3 17.8 21.1 66.7 59.4 7.3 5.6 24.2 8.0 16.2 3.9 4.3 4.5 4.6 5.9 5.2 5.3 4.7 4.1 3.4 3.5 3.4 8.7 26.5 22.4 17.8 21.2 66.8 59.5 7.3 5.6 24.2 8.0 16.2 20.4 20.3 19.6 18.3 21.9 23.4 23.9 18.8 19.4 11.3 13.9 10.1 9.5 5.6 5.4 6.8 4.9 1.6 1.7 6.9 6.2 3.6 5.8 4.4 29.3 40.2 17.8 9.3 66.8 100.7 136.6 168.8 28.1 39.6 17.7 9.2 33.4 51.8 78.8 102.0 17.2 27.4 12.8 6.6 4.7 7.5 8.4 10.1 28.9 40.0 17.8 9.2 15.6 19.1 21.7 24.1 29.2 40.1 17.8 9.3 3.8 4.8 5.5 6.0 29.3 40.2 17.8 9.3 12.8 20.7 25.3 30.5 2.6 2.1 2.8 4.6 3.2 47.3 40.2 5.8 41.3 79.7 126.3 175.5 3.0 46.2 39.7 5.7 18.2 40.7 70.3 104.4 1.6 30.4 27.7 4.3 3.0 5.6 8.5 11.4 3.1 47.0 40.0 5.8 13.5 16.7 21.2 26.0 3.2 47.2 40.2 5.8 2.8 4.1 5.3 6.4 3.2 47.3 40.2 5.8 7.1 15.6 24.8 32.5 8.3 2.1 2.1 5.8 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 71 Table 5.12. Consumption by End Uses, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) All Uses Space Heating Air Conditioning Water Heating Refrigerator Appliances Characteristics Households (million) Consumption (million Btu) Households (million) Consumption (million Btu) Households (million) Consumption (million Btu) Households (million) Consumption (mil lion Btu) Households (million) Consumption (million Btu) Households (million) Consumption (million Btu) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: Ownership of Unit Owned ......................................... Rented ......................................... Public Housing ......................... Not Public Housing .................. Rent Subsidy ........................ No Rent Subsidy ................. Year of Construction 1939 or Before ........................... 1940 to 1949 .............................. 1950 to 1959 .............................. 1960 to 1969 .............................. 1970 to 1979 .............................. 1980 to 1984 .............................. 1985 to 1987 .............................. 1988 to 1990 .............................. 1991 to 1993 3 ............................. All Utilities Paid by Household Yes ............................................... No ................................................. 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 ....................... $5,000 to $9,999 ........................ $10,000 to $14,999 .................... $15,000 to $19,999 .................... $20,000 to $24,999 .................... $25,000 to $34,999 .................... $35,000 to $49,999 .................... $50,000 to $74,999 .................... $75,000 or More ......................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ................................. ................................. ................................. 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.1 1 1.3 1.3 1 1.1 0.8 1 1.1 0.7 1 1.1 0.7 1 63.2 33.4 3.4 30.0 2.0 28.0 20.3 6.9 13.1 15.0 18.1 8.5 5.5 4.7 4.5 118.6 75.2 58.2 77.2 75.8 77.3 129.6 112.0 114.1 102.9 87.9 80.3 85.2 90.4 88.9 62.0 32.6 3.4 29.2 1.9 27.3 19.7 6.8 12.8 14.7 17.7 8.3 5.5 4.6 4.5 66.1 37.5 25.3 38.9 40.1 38.8 85.7 66.5 63.3 56.0 41.5 31.3 34.6 39.3 40.1 44.3 19.7 2.2 17.5 1.1 16.4 9.9 3.8 8.4 10.6 12.4 6.7 4.7 3.8 3.8 8.2 5.0 3.2 5.2 3.7 5.3 4.5 5.3 6.8 7.1 7.9 8.9 9.1 8.4 8.4 62.9 33.1 3.4 29.7 2.0 27.7 20.1 6.9 13.0 14.9 18.0 8.5 5.5 4.7 4.5 19.4 18.3 16.6 18.5 19.0 18.4 21.2 19.5 20.8 19.1 17.1 16.7 17.4 17.9 18.4 63.2 33.3 3.4 29.8 2.0 27.9 20.3 6.9 13.1 15.0 18.1 8.5 5.5 4.7 4.5 5.2 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.3 3.8 4.2 4.7 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.2 4.7 4.5 3.9 63.2 33.4 3.4 30.0 2.0 28.0 20.3 6.9 13.1 15.0 18.1 8.5 5.5 4.7 4.5 23.4 14.0 11.3 14.3 13.2 14.3 19.0 19.8 21.9 19.2 20.1 20.6 20.8 22.6 19.4 1.6 2.5 9.5 2.9 10.1 3.1 3.6 5.2 4.1 3.9 3.7 4.5 6.6 5.8 8.5 82.9 13.7 4.0 10.6 11.1 9.6 8.7 14.1 17.5 12.6 8.3 14.4 19.4 24.7 30.6 5.7 19.9 21.4 21.9 27.7 51.5 33.6 11.5 80.2 10.9 5.5 108.3 75.5 80.1 81.7 89.7 99.2 96.6 103.5 108.5 119.2 139.9 85.9 87.9 88.8 90.9 75.4 95.4 105.9 113.5 105.7 100.7 105.0 112.4 105.3 106.8 72.7 81.3 13.3 4.0 10.2 10.8 9.3 8.6 13.8 17.1 12.4 8.2 13.9 18.7 23.9 29.7 5.6 19.5 21.0 21.3 27.3 50.2 33.1 11.3 78.8 10.7 5.0 58.9 39.9 42.8 47.1 51.4 57.6 53.3 55.7 56.6 62.0 73.6 45.2 46.8 47.2 50.4 36.6 48.2 51.9 59.9 66.5 55.4 55.6 62.0 57.6 56.6 34.1 56.4 7.6 2.4 6.1 6.3 6.0 5.5 9.7 12.4 9.1 6.5 7.9 11.0 14.4 17.7 3.2 13.3 14.2 14.7 18.5 32.5 23.3 8.2 54.5 6.7 2.8 7.7 3.1 5.2 4.7 4.7 6.2 6.4 7.4 7.8 8.9 10.2 5.1 5.1 5.5 5.2 6.1 6.7 8.3 8.7 5.6 6.4 7.9 8.3 7.3 6.7 5.9 82.5 13.5 4.0 10.3 11.1 9.6 8.7 14.0 17.4 12.6 8.3 14.1 19.0 24.4 30.3 5.6 19.8 21.3 21.7 27.5 51.0 33.4 11.5 79.7 10.8 5.5 18.7 20.8 17.3 15.7 17.0 17.0 17.0 18.1 20.6 22.3 24.6 19.1 18.8 18.7 18.1 18.2 20.8 21.8 20.8 14.4 18.7 19.2 20.0 18.4 23.5 20.1 82.8 13.6 4.0 10.5 11.1 9.6 8.7 14.0 17.4 12.6 8.3 14.3 19.3 24.6 30.6 5.7 19.9 21.3 21.9 27.7 51.4 33.6 11.5 80.1 10.9 5.5 5.0 3.1 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.9 4.8 5.2 6.0 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.3 3.8 4.0 4.7 5.2 5.0 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.0 82.9 13.7 4.0 10.6 11.1 9.6 8.7 14.1 17.5 12.6 8.3 14.4 19.4 24.7 30.6 5.7 19.9 21.4 21.9 27.7 51.5 33.6 11.5 80.2 10.9 5.5 21.6 11.5 14.2 13.8 15.9 18.0 18.7 20.6 22.3 24.4 28.8 16.7 17.0 17.2 16.8 14.6 19.0 23.1 23.3 17.3 19.5 20.8 20.9 20.6 18.9 15.3 1.8 3.9 6.7 4.2 3.7 4.3 3.8 3.4 2.9 3.3 5.0 3.7 3.2 2.8 2.5 6.5 2.7 2.4 2.8 2.5 1.8 2.2 4.1 1.8 5.0 6.2 Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................... Age of Householder Under 25 Years .......................... 25 to 34 Years ............................ 35 to 44 Years ............................ 45 to 59 Years ............................ 60 Years and Over .................... Education of Householder Less than 13 Years ................... 13 to 16 Years ............................ 17 Years or More ....................... Race of Householder White ............................................ Black ............................................ Other 5 .......................................... See footnotes at end of table. 72 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.12. Consumption by End Uses, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) All Uses Space Heating Air Conditioning Water Heating Refrigerator Appliances Characteristics Households (million) Consumption (million Btu) Households (million) Consumption (million Btu) Households (million) Consumption (million Btu) Households (million) Consumption (mil lion Btu) Households (million) Consumption (million Btu) Households (million) Consumption (million Btu) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.1 1 1.3 1.3 1 1.1 0.8 1 1.1 0.7 1 1.1 0.7 1 Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes ............................................... No ................................................. Household Size 1 Person ...................................... 2 Persons .................................... 3 Persons .................................... 4 Persons .................................... 5 Persons .................................... 6 or More Persons ..................... 1 2 7.9 88.7 81.2 105.6 7.4 87.1 37.6 57.8 4.3 59.7 6.4 7.2 7.8 88.2 21.2 18.8 7.9 88.6 4.1 4.8 7.9 88.7 17.2 20.4 5.8 1.7 23.5 31.7 16.6 14.6 6.8 3.5 76.8 101.3 112.9 125.2 122.3 133.9 23.0 31.2 16.3 14.4 6.5 3.2 48.6 56.7 59.0 62.2 57.6 63.5 15.0 21.9 11.1 9.9 4.3 1.9 4.8 7.1 8.2 8.5 9.2 9.8 23.1 31.6 16.5 14.6 6.7 3.5 11.3 16.7 22.2 25.9 26.9 32.6 23.4 31.7 16.6 14.6 6.8 3.5 4.0 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.3 23.5 31.7 16.6 14.6 6.8 3.5 11.0 19.0 22.8 27.3 29.0 32.5 3.0 2.1 2.9 2.6 4.2 7.1 This factor is underestimated because it contains no error for estimating this end use. Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. 3 Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Consumption and Expenditure data are for major energy sources which include: electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A-H of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 73 Table 5.13. Expenditures by End Uses, per U.S. Household, 1993 All Uses Space Heating Air Conditioning Water Heating Refrigerators Appliances Characteristics House- Expend- House- Expend- House- Expend- House- Expend- House- Expend- House- Expendholds itures holds itures holds itures holds itures holds itures holds itures (mil(dol(mil(dol(mil(dol(mil(dol(mil(dol(mil(dollion) lars) lion) lars) lion) lars) lion) lars) lion) lars) lion) lars) RSE Row Factors 1.6 3.7 4.9 4.3 3.2 4.2 4.2 2.5 3.7 3.8 4.6 4.0 6.5 5.0 5.5 5.9 6.5 6.7 1.8 2.0 1.6 2.8 RSE Column Factors: Total U.S. Households ............... 1.2 96.6 19.5 5.1 14.4 23.3 16.4 6.9 33.5 17.3 6.0 10.1 20.4 5.4 15.0 11.1 5.6 6.8 6.4 75.8 30.6 45.2 20.8 0.6 1,283 1,526 1,532 1,523 1,336 1,358 1,282 1,305 1,292 1,200 1,391 953 1,025 928 944 1,182 1,577 1,349 1,275 1,156 1,356 1,312 1.1 94.6 19.1 4.9 14.2 23.2 16.3 6.9 32.8 16.8 5.9 10.1 19.4 5.3 14.1 10.6 5.3 6.7 6.4 74.4 29.9 44.6 20.2 0.9 1 419 595 634 582 521 533 492 338 346 373 304 263 327 238 195 165 590 288 405 374 426 471 1.4 64.0 10.9 2.1 8.8 16.4 10.8 5.6 29.4 15.0 5.3 9.2 7.2 2.1 5.1 4.4 5.1 3.9 5.8 50.3 18.9 31.3 13.7 1.4 1 177 127 111 131 116 117 114 242 231 185 291 128 175 109 120 281 128 287 183 168 191 157 1.2 95.9 19.3 5.0 14.3 23.3 16.4 6.9 33.2 17.1 5.9 10.1 20.2 5.3 14.9 11.1 5.5 6.7 6.4 75.3 30.4 44.9 20.6 0.6 1 177 216 234 210 174 174 176 178 187 170 167 142 151 139 136 162 224 161 173 166 177 193 1.2 96.4 19.4 5.1 14.3 23.3 16.4 6.9 33.4 17.3 6.0 10.1 20.3 5.4 15.0 11.1 5.6 6.8 6.4 75.7 30.5 45.1 20.8 0.8 1 124 137 126 141 111 115 103 131 126 110 152 116 102 120 132 141 149 151 128 122 132 110 1.2 96.6 19.5 5.1 14.4 23.3 16.4 6.9 33.5 17.3 6.0 10.1 20.4 5.4 15.0 11.1 5.6 6.8 6.4 75.8 30.6 45.2 20.8 0.8 1 455 519 512 521 450 461 422 454 445 396 504 402 382 409 442 466 552 494 456 399 494 452 Census Region and Division Northeast ..................................... New England ............................ Middle Atlantic ......................... Midwest ....................................... East North Central .................. West North Central ................. South ............................................ South Atlantic ........................... East South Central .................. West South Central ................. West ............................................. Mountain ................................... Pacific ........................................ Largest Populated States California ...................................... Florida .......................................... New York ..................................... Texas ........................................... Urban Status Urban ........................................... Central City ............................... Suburban .................................. Rural ............................................. Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ...................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................ 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................ Under 4,000 HDD .................... 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD .................... Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................... Detached .................................. Attached ................................... Mobile Home ............................... Multifamily .................................... 2 to 4 Units .............................. 5 or More Units ........................ Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 ....................... 1,000 to 1,999 ............................ 2,000 to 2,999 ............................ 3,000 or More ............................. Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 ........................................... 3 to 5 ........................................... 6 to 8 ........................................... 9 or More .................................... See footnotes at end of table. 8.7 26.5 22.4 17.8 21.2 66.8 59.5 7.3 5.6 24.2 8.0 16.2 1,254 1,356 1,361 1,107 1,268 1,442 1,464 1,266 1,203 863 1,112 740 8.5 26.3 22.1 17.2 20.5 65.5 58.3 7.2 5.4 23.6 7.9 15.8 517 543 488 292 253 479 488 403 357 269 454 177 4.0 15.5 16.0 10.3 18.1 45.1 39.9 5.2 3.7 15.1 3.9 11.2 64 108 160 179 275 197 198 183 221 108 110 107 8.6 26.4 22.2 17.7 21.0 66.3 59.0 7.3 5.5 24.1 8.0 16.1 193 185 189 160 162 182 183 174 200 158 179 147 8.7 26.5 22.3 17.8 21.1 66.7 59.4 7.3 5.6 24.2 8.0 16.2 91 115 123 128 147 134 135 129 99 102 107 99 8.7 26.5 22.4 17.8 21.2 66.8 59.5 7.3 5.6 24.2 8.0 16.2 437 455 456 434 479 524 535 437 412 275 326 250 9.3 5.2 5.8 5.7 4.4 1.5 1.7 6.1 5.9 3.2 5.1 4.1 29.3 40.2 17.8 9.3 876 1,286 1,622 1,901 28.1 39.6 17.7 9.2 275 397 561 685 17.2 27.4 12.8 6.6 119 183 205 249 28.9 40.0 17.8 9.2 155 178 196 208 29.2 40.1 17.8 9.3 103 125 142 153 29.3 40.2 17.8 9.3 287 468 582 685 2.5 2.0 2.7 4.7 3.2 47.3 40.2 5.8 574 1,033 1,529 2,008 3.0 46.2 39.7 5.7 166 325 509 691 1.6 30.4 27.7 4.3 82 140 206 290 3.1 47.0 40.0 5.8 122 164 191 214 3.2 47.2 40.2 5.8 83 111 137 169 3.2 47.3 40.2 5.8 178 352 557 736 8.1 1.9 2.1 6.2 74 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.13. Expenditures by End Uses, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) All Uses Space Heating Air Conditioning Water Heating Refrigerators Appliances Characteristics House- Expend- House- Expend- House- Expend- House- Expend- House- Expend- House- Expendholds itures holds itures holds itures holds itures holds itures holds itures (mil(dol(mil(dol(mil(dol(mil(dol(mil(dol(mil(dollion) lars) lion) lars) lion) lars) lion) lars) lion) lars) lion) lars) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 1.2 0.6 1.1 0.9 1 1.4 1.4 1 1.2 0.6 1 1.2 0.8 1 1.2 0.8 1 Ownership of Unit Owned ......................................... Rented ......................................... Public Housing ......................... Not Public Housing .................. Rent Subsidy ........................ No Rent Subsidy ................. Year of Construction 1939 or Before ........................... 1940 to 1949 .............................. 1950 to 1959 .............................. 1960 to 1969 .............................. 1970 to 1979 .............................. 1980 to 1984 .............................. 1985 to 1987 .............................. 1988 to 1990 .............................. 1991 to 1993 3 ............................. All Utilities Paid by Household Yes ............................................... No ................................................. 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 ....................... $5,000 to $9,999 ........................ $10,000 to $14,999 .................... $15,000 to $19,999 .................... $20,000 to $24,999 .................... $25,000 to $34,999 .................... $35,000 to $49,999 .................... $50,000 to $74,999 .................... $75,000 or More ......................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ................................. ................................. ................................. 63.2 33.4 3.4 30.0 2.0 28.0 1,458 953 753 976 905 981 62.0 32.6 3.4 29.2 1.9 27.3 484 296 228 303 317 303 44.3 19.7 2.2 17.5 1.1 16.4 199 128 79 134 97 137 62.9 33.1 3.4 29.7 2.0 27.7 182 167 151 169 155 170 63.2 33.3 3.4 29.8 2.0 27.9 135 104 89 106 97 106 63.2 33.4 3.4 30.0 2.0 28.0 526 320 239 329 299 332 1.5 2.5 8.9 2.8 9.3 3.0 20.3 6.9 13.1 15.0 18.1 8.5 5.5 4.7 4.5 1,327 1,242 1,387 1,257 1,222 1,247 1,284 1,322 1,200 19.7 6.8 12.8 14.7 17.7 8.3 5.5 4.6 4.5 566 450 450 410 352 306 320 356 338 9.9 3.8 8.4 10.6 12.4 6.7 4.7 3.8 3.8 112 132 182 175 188 217 223 201 197 20.1 6.9 13.0 14.9 18.0 8.5 5.5 4.7 4.5 178 166 173 164 179 184 190 204 180 20.3 6.9 13.1 15.0 18.1 8.5 5.5 4.7 4.5 116 126 142 129 125 131 118 111 96 20.3 6.9 13.1 15.0 18.1 8.5 5.5 4.7 4.5 431 437 515 441 451 460 466 494 419 3.6 5.2 4.3 3.7 3.3 4.3 6.0 5.5 7.7 82.9 13.7 1,356 843 81.3 13.3 442 278 56.4 7.6 189 88 82.5 13.5 182 150 82.8 13.6 128 99 82.9 13.7 484 278 1.6 3.8 4.0 10.6 11.1 9.6 8.7 14.1 17.5 12.6 8.3 994 980 1,051 1,163 1,182 1,302 1,379 1,493 1,809 4.0 10.2 10.8 9.3 8.6 13.8 17.1 12.4 8.2 330 372 374 410 401 423 419 457 546 2.4 6.1 6.3 6.0 5.5 9.7 12.4 9.1 6.5 134 113 118 151 159 179 191 214 269 4.0 10.3 11.1 9.6 8.7 14.0 17.4 12.6 8.3 164 144 159 164 164 178 193 199 209 4.0 10.5 11.1 9.6 8.7 14.0 17.4 12.6 8.3 110 111 112 114 115 123 126 136 166 4.0 10.6 11.1 9.6 8.7 14.1 17.5 12.6 8.3 321 302 350 394 409 461 514 555 687 6.1 4.1 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.1 2.7 2.9 4.8 14.4 19.4 24.7 1,056 1,078 1,094 13.9 18.7 23.9 349 359 363 7.9 11.0 14.4 127 126 133 14.1 19.0 24.4 178 178 179 14.3 19.3 24.6 112 113 114 14.4 19.4 24.7 364 372 375 3.5 3.0 2.6 Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................... Age of Householder Under 25 Years .......................... 25 to 34 Years ............................ 35 to 44 Years ............................ 45 to 59 Years ............................ 60 Years and Over .................... Education of Householder Less than 13 Years ................... 13 to 16 Years ............................ 17 Years or More ....................... Race of Householder White ............................................ Black ............................................ Other 5 .......................................... See footnotes at end of table. 30.6 1,098 29.7 381 17.7 128 30.3 172 30.6 114 30.6 371 2.2 5.7 19.9 21.4 21.9 27.7 956 1,187 1,380 1,429 1,229 5.6 19.5 21.0 21.3 27.3 293 363 395 446 483 3.2 13.3 14.2 14.7 18.5 150 167 202 212 142 5.6 19.8 21.3 21.7 27.5 177 193 207 194 129 5.7 19.9 21.3 21.9 27.7 97 106 123 136 134 5.7 19.9 21.4 21.9 27.7 315 423 528 521 398 5.8 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.3 51.5 33.6 11.5 1,227 1,330 1,394 50.2 33.1 11.3 411 419 456 32.5 23.3 8.2 154 198 210 51.0 33.4 11.5 177 180 171 51.4 33.6 11.5 121 126 130 51.5 33.6 11.5 432 476 496 1.7 2.0 3.8 80.2 10.9 5.5 1,307 1,252 988 78.8 10.7 5.0 429 411 277 54.5 6.7 2.8 180 163 154 79.7 10.8 5.5 175 198 173 80.1 10.9 5.5 124 129 120 80.2 10.9 5.5 466 420 369 1.8 4.6 5.9 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 75 Table 5.13. Expenditures by End Uses, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) All Uses Space Heating Air Conditioning Water Heating Refrigerators Appliances Characteristics House- Expend- House- Expend- House- Expend- House- Expend- House- Expend- House- Expendholds itures holds itures holds itures holds itures holds itures holds itures (mil(dol(mil(dol(mil(dol(mil(dol(mil(dol(mil(dollion) lars) lion) lars) lion) lars) lion) lars) lion) lars) lion) lars) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 1.2 0.6 1.1 0.9 1 1.4 1.4 1 1.2 0.6 1 1.2 0.8 1 1.2 0.8 1 Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes ............................................... No ................................................. Household Size 1 Person ...................................... 2 Persons .................................... 3 Persons .................................... 4 Persons .................................... 5 Persons .................................... 6 or More Persons ..................... 1 2 7.9 88.7 1,065 1,302 7.4 87.1 290 430 4.3 59.7 169 178 7.8 88.2 175 177 7.9 88.6 121 124 7.9 88.7 407 459 5.3 1.7 23.5 31.7 16.6 14.6 6.8 3.5 906 1,253 1,416 1,561 1,588 1,708 23.0 31.2 16.3 14.4 6.5 3.2 371 427 436 448 433 449 15.0 21.9 11.1 9.9 4.3 1.9 120 173 201 211 226 249 23.1 31.6 16.5 14.6 6.7 3.5 102 160 208 235 257 285 23.4 31.7 16.6 14.6 6.8 3.5 109 129 128 127 126 147 23.5 31.7 16.6 14.6 6.8 3.5 257 425 519 614 645 728 2.7 2.0 2.7 2.5 4.0 7.6 This factor is underestimated because it contains no error for estimating this end use. Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. 3 Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Consumption and Expenditure data are for major energy sources which include: electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A-H of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). 76 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.14. Total Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Space Heating in U.S. Households, 1993 Electricity Total Consumed Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Households (million) Natural Gas Total Consumed (quadrillion Btu) (billion cubic feet) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) RSE Row Factors 4.3 11.9 19.3 14.2 11.1 10.9 26.0 6.4 8.6 18.0 10.6 6.3 8.9 8.2 6.7 9.7 26.8 16.2 4.5 7.2 5.1 12.4 Characteristics (billion kWh) RSE Column Factors: Total U.S. Households ............... 0.9 37.1 4.1 1.0 3.1 5.8 3.5 2.4 18.8 10.7 3.4 4.8 8.3 2.0 6.3 3.9 4.7 1.1 3.2 28.3 10.8 17.6 8.8 1.3 1 0.41 .04 .01 .03 .07 .04 .03 .21 .11 .05 .05 .08 .02 .06 .02 .03 Q .03 .28 .09 .19 .13 1.3 1 119 12 3 9 22 13 9 61 31 15 15 25 6 19 5 8 Q 10 82 25 57 38 1.2 1 8.66 1.13 .30 .83 1.54 .95 .59 4.42 2.41 .88 1.12 1.57 .39 1.18 .50 .67 Q .75 6.21 1.93 4.28 2.45 0.7 52.6 9.5 1.6 7.9 17.0 13.0 4.1 13.6 4.9 2.4 6.3 12.4 3.5 9.0 8.1 Q 3.6 3.7 45.1 19.7 25.4 7.5 0.9 1 3.67 .78 .13 .65 1.56 1.20 .36 .78 .29 .16 .33 .56 .23 .32 .25 Q .29 .18 3.06 1.30 1.76 .61 0.9 1 3,570 754 123 631 1,519 1,167 351 757 280 160 317 541 227 314 245 Q 282 176 2,973 1,265 1,708 597 0.9 1 21.95 5.82 1.05 4.78 8.40 6.49 1.91 4.75 2.03 .93 1.79 2.99 1.10 1.89 1.51 Q 2.33 .99 18.56 8.10 10.46 3.40 Census Region and Division Northeast ..................................... New England ............................ Middle Atlantic ......................... Midwest ....................................... East North Central .................. West North Central ................. South ............................................ South Atlantic ........................... East South Central .................. West South Central ................. West ............................................. Mountain ................................... Pacific ........................................ Largest Populated States California ...................................... Florida .......................................... New York ..................................... Texas ........................................... Urban Status Urban ........................................... Central City ............................... Suburban .................................. Rural ............................................. Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ...................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................ 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................ Under 4,000 HDD .................... 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD .................... Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 ........................................... 3 to 5 ........................................... 6 to 8 ........................................... 9 or More .................................... Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................... Detached .................................. Attached ................................... Mobile Home ............................... Multifamily .................................... 2 to 4 Units .............................. 5 or More Units ........................ Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 ....................... 1,000 to 1,999 ............................ 2,000 to 2,999 ............................ 3,000 or More ............................. See footnotes at end of table. 2.3 6.9 8.6 7.5 11.8 .03 .10 .12 .06 .10 8 28 36 18 28 .44 2.06 2.50 1.45 2.21 4.4 17.7 10.5 10.6 9.3 .40 1.59 .81 .45 .41 393 1,544 792 437 403 2.19 9.19 5.37 2.77 2.43 17.6 14.0 11.6 15.8 9.9 1.2 19.5 14.6 1.8 24.3 21.2 3.1 2.1 10.7 2.8 7.9 .01 .19 .19 .02 .30 .26 .04 .03 .08 .03 .05 2 57 54 6 88 77 11 8 23 8 15 .18 4.18 3.89 .42 6.23 5.41 .82 .58 1.85 .66 1.19 1.6 23.4 23.9 3.7 38.8 34.5 4.3 1.8 12.0 4.8 7.2 .04 1.26 1.95 .43 2.99 2.72 .27 .10 .58 .37 .21 35 1,222 1,896 417 2,906 2,645 262 97 567 361 206 .25 7.65 11.55 2.51 17.63 15.89 1.74 .56 3.77 2.42 1.35 18.7 5.6 5.5 14.0 4.8 5.2 14.8 17.8 8.1 12.8 10.1 11.9 16.2 6.0 2.9 .10 .18 .08 .04 31 54 23 11 2.29 3.90 1.67 .79 14.1 22.4 10.5 5.6 .63 1.44 .95 .65 618 1,397 924 632 3.93 8.63 5.64 3.76 5.6 5.7 6.7 10.1 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 77 Table 5.14. Total Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Space Heating in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Electricity Total Consumed Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Households (million) Natural Gas Total Consumed (quadrillion Btu) (billion cubic feet) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) RSE Row Factors Characteristics (billion kWh) RSE Column Factors: Ownership of Unit Owned ......................................... Rented ......................................... Public Housing ......................... Not Public Housing .................. Rent Subsidy ........................ No Rent Subsidy ................. Year of Construction 1939 or Before ........................... 1940 to 1949 .............................. 1950 to 1959 .............................. 1960 to 1969 .............................. 1970 to 1979 .............................. 1980 to 1984 .............................. 1985 to 1987 .............................. 1988 to 1990 .............................. 1991 to 1993 3 ............................. Electric Space-Heating Paid by Household Natural Gas Space-Heating Paid by Household 0.9 1.3 1 1.3 1 1.2 1 0.7 0.9 1 0.9 1 0.9 1 23.1 14.0 1.6 12.4 .8 11.6 4.8 1.8 3.9 5.3 8.8 4.8 3.2 2.5 2.1 0.28 .12 .01 .11 .01 .10 .03 .02 .04 .06 .12 .06 .03 .03 .02 83 36 4 32 2 30 10 5 10 17 34 17 10 9 7 5.93 2.73 .33 2.40 .17 2.23 .68 .31 .79 1.25 2.43 1.27 .74 .69 .50 35.3 17.3 1.7 15.5 1.0 14.5 12.9 4.4 8.4 9.2 7.8 3.6 2.3 1.9 2.1 2.80 .87 .07 .81 .06 .75 1.15 .31 .58 .63 .45 .17 .13 .12 .13 2,720 851 63 787 54 733 1,123 301 568 612 442 166 122 114 124 16.60 5.36 .41 4.95 .35 4.60 6.98 1.87 3.59 3.73 2.56 1.02 .76 .68 .77 4.7 6.2 18.6 6.8 17.5 7.0 9.3 13.6 9.0 9.0 8.0 10.0 11.7 12.6 15.7 ..................... 35.3 .39 114 8.24 -- -- -- -- 5.7 ..................... -1.6 4.1 4.2 3.7 3.5 5.4 6.6 5.0 3.1 5.5 7.3 9.7 11.7 2.8 7.8 8.1 8.1 10.2 18.2 14.0 5.0 -.01 .04 .04 .04 .04 .06 .07 .06 .04 .05 .07 .09 .11 .02 .08 .09 .10 .11 .21 .15 .05 -4 13 11 10 12 19 22 18 12 15 21 28 34 7 23 27 29 33 60 45 14 -.29 .99 .79 .71 .79 1.37 1.55 1.27 .90 1.12 1.53 2.07 2.51 .54 1.73 1.95 2.06 2.38 4.34 3.30 1.02 45.1 2.1 5.4 6.2 5.3 4.6 7.2 9.5 7.2 5.2 7.4 9.8 12.5 16.0 2.6 11.1 11.7 11.8 15.4 27.3 18.2 7.1 3.29 .12 .33 .41 .38 .31 .50 .66 .53 .45 .44 .60 .78 1.05 .15 .69 .76 .85 1.23 1.87 1.28 .52 3,202 113 321 395 372 301 484 638 513 433 425 587 763 1,022 146 667 736 830 1,192 1,823 1,245 503 19.64 .72 1.99 2.42 2.23 1.85 2.95 3.94 3.11 2.74 2.66 3.67 4.73 6.34 .87 4.09 4.58 5.06 7.35 11.16 7.62 3.17 6.0 14.6 8.8 9.1 11.1 9.6 7.9 6.5 7.6 10.2 8.8 7.8 7.2 6.7 14.5 6.2 6.3 6.5 6.4 5.3 5.6 7.7 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 ....................... $5,000 to $9,999 ........................ $10,000 to $14,999 .................... $15,000 to $19,999 .................... $20,000 to $24,999 .................... $25,000 to $34,999 .................... $35,000 to $49,999 .................... $50,000 to $74,999 .................... $75,000 or More ......................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ................................. ................................. ................................. Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................... Age of Householder Under 25 Years .......................... 25 to 34 Years ............................ 35 to 44 Years ............................ 45 to 59 Years ............................ 60 Years and Over .................... Education of Householder Less than 13 Years ................... 13 to 16 Years ............................ 17 Years or More ....................... See footnotes at end of table. 78 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.14. Total Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Space Heating in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Electricity Natural Gas Total Consumed Total Consumed Characteristics Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion kWh) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion cubic feet) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 0.9 1.3 1 1.3 1 1.2 1 0.7 0.9 1 0.9 1 0.9 1 Race of Householder White ............................................ Black ............................................ Other 5 .......................................... Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes ............................................... No ................................................. Household Size 1 Person ...................................... 2 Persons .................................... 3 Persons .................................... 4 Persons .................................... 5 Persons .................................... 6 or More Persons ..................... 1 2 31.1 3.8 2.2 0.36 .03 .02 105 10 5 7.47 .77 .41 42.7 6.8 3.1 3.04 .50 .13 2,957 487 127 18.02 3.11 .82 4.8 10.1 12.0 2.9 34.2 .02 .38 6 113 .54 8.12 4.1 48.4 .19 3.48 190 3,381 1.21 20.75 11.8 4.5 9.5 12.7 5.8 5.3 2.7 1.1 .10 .15 .06 .06 .03 .01 28 43 18 17 9 4 2.13 3.10 1.29 1.22 .67 .25 12.4 16.9 9.4 8.5 3.5 1.9 .78 1.18 .66 .65 .25 .14 762 1,152 645 630 241 141 4.68 7.01 4.08 3.85 1.46 .86 6.1 5.6 7.4 6.2 9.5 14.4 This factor is underestimated because it contains no error for estimating this end use. Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. 3 Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. -- = Not applicable. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C, E, and F of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 79 Table 5.15. Total Fuel Oil, Kerosene, and LPG Consumption and Expenditures for Space Heating in U.S. Households, 1993 Fuel Oil Total Consumed Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Households (million) Kerosene Total Consumed (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Households (million) Liquefied Petroleum Gas Total Consumed (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Characteristics RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 0.6 10.7 7.3 2.6 4.7 1.4 .7 .6 1.5 1.4 Q NC .5 Q Q Q Q 2.6 NC 8.1 2.7 5.4 2.6 0.7 1 0.90 .64 .25 .39 .13 .07 .06 .10 .10 Q NC .03 Q .03 Q Q .20 NC .67 .16 .51 .23 0.7 1 6.51 4.62 1.81 2.81 .91 .51 .41 .74 .70 Q NC .23 Q .19 Q Q 1.47 NC 4.81 1.16 3.65 1.70 0.7 1 5.88 4.15 1.63 2.52 .78 .44 .34 .71 .67 Q NC .23 Q .19 Q Q 1.31 NC 4.37 .99 3.39 1.50 1.1 3.6 .7 .2 .5 1.0 .9 .1 1.8 1.4 .3 Q Q Q Q Q Q .3 Q 1.8 .5 1.3 1.8 1.5 1 0.05 .02 Q .01 Q Q Q .02 .02 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q .02 .01 .01 .02 1.5 1 0.34 .14 Q .08 Q Q Q .15 .13 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q .16 .05 .10 .18 1.5 1 0.37 .15 Q .08 .05 Q Q .16 .14 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q .06 Q .17 .06 .12 .19 0.9 5.6 .3 .2 .1 1.9 1.0 .9 2.8 1.4 .8 .6 .6 .4 .2 .2 .3 Q Q 1.9 .2 1.6 3.7 1.1 1 0.30 .01 Q Q .16 .09 .07 .10 .05 .03 .02 .03 .02 Q (*) .01 Q .01 .09 .01 .08 .21 1.1 1 3.25 .13 Q Q 1.72 .98 .74 1.09 .55 .34 .20 .31 .24 Q .03 .06 Q .13 .94 .10 .84 2.30 1.0 1 Total U.S. Households ............... 2.81 .14 Q Q 1.33 .76 .56 1.05 .57 .31 .17 .29 .20 Q .04 .08 Q .10 .86 .10 .76 1.95 11.2 20.8 19.3 24.4 24.5 32.2 29.9 17.3 21.3 26.0 30.1 39.3 34.2 48.6 28.0 40.0 30.4 36.0 14.8 21.4 16.8 14.3 Census Region and Division Northeast ..................................... New England ............................ Middle Atlantic ......................... Midwest ....................................... East North Central .................. West North Central ................. South ............................................ South Atlantic ........................... East South Central .................. West South Central ................. West ............................................. Mountain ................................... Pacific ........................................ Largest Populated States California ...................................... Florida .......................................... New York ..................................... Texas ........................................... Urban Status Urban ........................................... Central City ............................... Suburban .................................. Rural ............................................. Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ...................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ................ 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ................ Under 4,000 HDD .................... 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD .................... Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 ........................................... 3 to 5 ........................................... 6 to 8 ........................................... 9 or More .................................... Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................... Detached .................................. Attached ................................... Mobile Home ............................... Multifamily .................................... 2 to 4 Units .............................. 5 or More Units ........................ Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 ....................... 1,000 to 1,999 ............................ 2,000 to 2,999 ............................ 3,000 or More ............................. See footnotes at end of table. 2.0 3.4 4.6 .4 Q Q .19 .33 .35 .03 1.37 2.35 2.55 .21 Q 1.19 2.13 2.33 .19 Q .4 .9 1.0 .8 .5 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .08 .08 .06 .08 .04 .08 .09 .07 .09 .05 .8 1.1 .8 1.3 1.6 .06 .09 Q .05 .05 .60 1.01 Q .55 .49 .49 .80 .50 .54 .48 29.1 30.2 22.9 33.1 30.0 .4 4.2 5.1 .9 8.0 7.4 .6 .3 2.4 .9 1.5 .01 .28 .49 .12 .76 .72 .05 .02 .12 .07 .05 .08 2.01 3.52 .90 5.49 5.16 .33 .13 .89 .53 .36 .07 1.74 3.24 .83 5.05 4.75 .30 .12 .71 .48 .23 Q 1.9 1.4 .2 2.6 2.5 .2 .7 .3 .2 Q Q .03 .01 (*) .03 .03 (*) .02 (*) (*) Q Q .24 .09 (*) .19 .19 .01 .13 .01 .01 Q Q .26 .10 .01 .21 .21 .01 .14 .01 .01 Q Q 2.8 2.5 .3 4.2 4.1 Q 1.3 Q Q Q Q .12 .15 .02 .24 .24 Q .05 Q Q Q Q 1.32 1.68 .25 2.63 2.59 Q .60 Q Q Q Q 1.18 1.43 .20 2.24 2.21 Q .55 Q Q Q 34.9 12.5 14.9 26.3 12.7 12.9 26.5 23.0 20.3 25.4 19.1 2.3 3.9 2.9 1.6 .11 .31 .30 .19 .78 2.21 2.14 1.38 .64 2.02 1.95 1.26 1.2 1.4 .6 .3 .02 .02 (*) Q .17 .12 .02 Q .19 .13 .02 Q 1.7 2.3 1.0 .6 .07 .11 .07 .06 .72 1.18 .73 .62 .68 1.04 .63 .46 14.3 14.3 18.7 20.8 80 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.15. Total Fuel Oil, Kerosene, and LPG Consumption and Expenditures for Space Heating in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Fuel Oil Total Consumed Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Kerosene Total Consumed Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Liquefied Petroleum Gas Total Consumed Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Characteristics Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 0.6 0.7 1 0.7 1 0.7 1 1.1 1.5 1 1.5 1 1.5 1 0.9 1.1 1 1.1 1 1.0 1 Ownership of Unit Owned ......................................... Rented ......................................... Public Housing ......................... Not Public Housing .................. Rent Subsidy ........................ No Rent Subsidy ................. Year of Construction 1939 or Before ........................... 1940 to 1949 .............................. 1950 to 1959 .............................. 1960 to 1969 .............................. 1970 to 1979 .............................. 1980 to 1984 .............................. 1985 to 1987 .............................. 1988 to 1990 .............................. 1991 to 1993 3 ............................. Fuel Oil Paid by Household ..................... 7.7 3.0 Q 2.8 .2 2.6 4.2 1.2 1.9 1.3 1.3 .3 .2 .2 .1 8.6 -.4 .9 1.0 .9 .9 1.7 2.4 1.6 .9 1.2 1.8 2.2 2.9 .4 1.6 2.4 2.7 3.6 5.9 3.5 1.2 0.74 .17 Q .16 .01 .15 .39 .09 .17 .09 .10 .02 .01 .02 .01 .81 -.03 .07 .08 .08 .07 .14 .18 .15 .10 .08 .12 .16 .22 .02 .12 .18 .23 .36 .46 .32 .12 5.31 1.20 Q 1.16 .09 1.07 2.81 .67 1.20 .66 .75 .12 .10 .12 .07 5.85 -.18 .48 .59 .57 .53 1.03 1.32 1.05 .75 .58 .86 1.12 1.60 .13 .86 1.27 1.67 2.58 3.33 2.30 .87 4.89 .99 Q .97 .07 .90 2.50 .59 1.13 .60 .67 .11 .09 .11 .07 5.38 -.16 .43 .52 .50 .46 .94 1.19 .97 .72 .50 .73 .98 1.40 .12 .74 1.16 1.52 2.34 2.95 2.11 .82 2.5 1.0 Q 1.0 Q 1.0 1.1 .3 .4 .7 .6 .2 .2 .2 Q --.1 .5 .4 .6 .3 .5 .5 .4 .3 .7 1.0 1.2 1.4 .2 .6 1.0 1.0 .7 2.4 .8 .3 0.03 .01 Q .01 Q .01 .01 (*) (*) (*) .01 (*) (*) Q Q --(*) .01 .01 .01 (*) .01 (*) (*) Q .01 .02 .02 .02 (*) .01 .01 .01 .01 .03 .01 Q 0.23 .11 Q .10 Q .10 .09 .03 .03 .03 .09 .02 .01 Q Q --.02 .05 .06 .08 .03 .04 .03 .01 Q .09 .12 .13 .17 .02 .06 .09 .07 .09 .25 .07 Q 0.25 .11 Q .11 Q .11 .10 .03 .03 .04 .09 .03 .01 Q Q --.02 .06 .06 .09 .03 .05 .03 .02 Q .09 .13 .14 .19 .02 .07 .10 .08 .09 .28 .07 Q 4.7 .9 Q .9 Q .9 1.4 .4 .6 .7 1.2 .3 .3 .3 .4 -5.4 .2 .8 .6 .6 .7 1.2 .8 .5 .3 1.1 1.6 1.8 2.0 .2 .9 1.1 1.5 1.9 4.0 1.4 .2 0.25 .04 Q .04 Q .04 .10 .03 .02 .04 .05 .01 .01 .01 .02 -.29 .01 .03 .03 .03 .03 .06 .05 .03 .01 .05 .07 .08 .09 .01 .04 .05 .08 .11 .20 .08 .01 2.76 .49 Q .48 Q .46 1.13 .27 .24 .46 .52 .12 .16 .15 .19 -3.15 .14 .37 .28 .34 .36 .66 .56 .38 .16 .52 .74 .84 .96 .09 .49 .57 .92 1.18 2.22 .88 .15 2.38 .44 Q .43 Q .41 .90 .24 .22 .41 .46 .11 .15 .14 .17 -2.73 .12 .34 .26 .30 .31 .57 .47 .31 .13 .48 .66 .76 .88 .08 .43 .50 .79 1.01 1.92 .76 .13 12.3 13.5 NF 13.6 30.4 14.7 14.5 26.6 27.1 22.0 17.7 25.0 31.4 33.1 37.3 14.4 16.8 32.6 22.3 20.9 22.4 22.1 20.6 16.6 17.0 28.0 19.3 18.0 17.0 15.0 29.0 17.9 15.7 15.4 17.7 11.9 13.7 26.8 Liquified Petroleum Gas Paid by Household ..................... 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 ....................... $5,000 to $9,999 ........................ $10,000 to $14,999 .................... $15,000 to $19,999 .................... $20,000 to $24,999 .................... $25,000 to $34,999 .................... $35,000 to $49,999 .................... $50,000 to $74,999 .................... $75,000 or More ......................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ................................. ................................. ................................. Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................... Age of Householder Under 25 Years .......................... 25 to 34 Years ............................ 35 to 44 Years ............................ 45 to 59 Years ............................ 60 Years and Over .................... Education of Householder Less than 13 Years ................... 13 to 16 Years ............................ 17 Years or More ....................... See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 81 Table 5.15. Total Fuel Oil, Kerosene, and LPG Consumption and Expenditures for Space Heating in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Fuel Oil Kerosene Liquefied Petroleum Gas Total Consumed Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Total Consumed Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Total Consumed Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Characteristics Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 0.6 0.7 1 0.7 1 0.7 1 1.1 1.5 1 1.5 1 1.5 1 0.9 1.1 1 1.1 1 1.0 1 Race of Householder White ............................................ Black ............................................ Other 5 .......................................... Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes ............................................... No ................................................. Household Size 1 Person ...................................... 2 Persons .................................... 3 Persons .................................... 4 Persons .................................... 5 Persons .................................... 6 or More Persons ..................... 1 2 9.4 .8 .4 0.82 .06 .02 5.95 .42 .14 5.39 .38 .11 3.0 .5 Q 0.04 .01 Q 0.26 .06 Q 0.28 .07 Q 5.2 .4 Q 0.29 .01 Q 3.13 .09 Q 2.70 .09 Q 11.7 28.6 27.9 .9 9.7 .05 .85 .39 6.12 .32 5.56 Q 3.4 Q .04 Q .32 Q .35 .3 5.3 .01 .29 .08 3.17 .08 2.74 26.4 11.3 2.3 3.5 2.0 1.7 .8 .4 .18 .30 .18 .14 .06 .04 1.30 2.19 1.27 1.04 .45 .26 1.18 1.96 1.15 .95 .40 .23 .6 1.1 .9 .6 .4 Q .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 Q .08 .10 .07 .04 .04 Q .08 .11 .08 .04 .04 Q .9 2.2 1.0 .8 .5 .2 .05 .12 .05 .04 .03 .01 .53 1.29 .55 .45 .33 .10 .46 1.14 .48 .40 .26 .08 17.8 17.5 15.8 16.6 22.6 26.8 This factor is underestimated because it contains no error for estimating this end use. Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. 3 Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed. -- = Not applicable. NC = No cases in sample. NF = No applicable RSE row factor. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C, D, and G of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). 82 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.16. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 Consumption Heated Floorspace (square feet) Annual Heating Degree-Days Electricity Space-Heating Intensity Consumption (kWh/HDD* 1000 square feet) Expenditures (cents/HDD* 1000 square feet) Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (kWh) Expenditures (dollars) 1993 30-Year Average 2 RSE Column Factors: 1.6 25.0 1.9 .5 1.4 2.9 1.6 1.3 14.6 8.7 2.5 3.4 5.6 1.4 4.2 2.2 4.4 Q 2.4 19.5 7.4 12.1 5.5 1.1 1 15.5 19.5 18.6 19.8 24.2 25.9 22.1 13.7 11.9 19.5 14.2 14.2 13.7 14.3 6.3 6.2 14.9 13.2 13.7 11.0 15.3 21.9 1.1 1 4,541 5,715 5,464 5,797 7,097 7,590 6,481 4,028 3,487 5,714 4,166 4,160 4,026 4,203 1,853 1,817 4,360 3,874 4,007 3,224 4,486 6,421 1.0 1 327 538 577 525 499 551 435 292 270 339 313 259 267 256 192 151 516 296 302 245 336 416 0.7 1,405 1,426 1,187 1,504 1,573 1,628 1,505 1,457 1,482 1,478 1,379 1,177 1,337 1,126 1,118 1,467 923 1,395 1,394 1,129 1,555 1,447 1.0 3,429 6,043 6,329 5,950 6,254 6,416 6,052 2,442 2,206 3,545 2,236 3,650 3,437 3,718 1,932 660 6,574 2,029 3,095 2,886 3,223 4,605 1.0 3,452 6,044 6,346 5,945 6,066 6,332 5,733 2,434 2,248 3,449 2,163 3,873 3,524 3,985 2,305 780 6,537 1,968 3,156 2,945 3,286 4,495 0.8 1 0.94 .66 .73 .65 .72 .73 .71 1.13 1.07 1.09 1.35 .97 .88 1.00 .86 1.88 .72 1.37 .93 .99 .89 .96 0.9 1 RSE Row Factors Total U.S. Households ............ 6.8 6.2 7.7 5.9 5.1 5.3 4.8 8.2 8.3 6.5 10.1 6.0 5.8 6.1 8.9 15.6 8.5 10.5 7.0 7.5 6.7 6.2 3.2 4.6 6.8 6.0 7.3 8.1 12.1 4.1 5.8 6.3 7.6 6.2 12.5 7.3 7.5 16.9 20.5 9.4 3.9 6.5 5.2 4.5 Census Region and Division Northeast .................................. New England ......................... Middle Atlantic ...................... Midwest .................................... East North Central ............... West North Central .............. South ......................................... South Atlantic ........................ East South Central ............... West South Central .............. West .......................................... Mountain ................................ Pacific ..................................... Largest Populated States California .................................. Florida ....................................... New York .................................. Texas ........................................ Urban Status Urban ........................................ Central City ............................ Suburban ............................... Rural .......................................... Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ............. Under 4,000 HDD ................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD ................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................ Detached ............................... Attached ................................ Mobile Home ............................ Multifamily ................................ 2 to 4 Units ........................... 5 or More Units .................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 .................... 1,000 to 1,999 ......................... 2,000 to 2,999 ......................... 3,000 or More .......................... Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 ........................................ 3 to 5 ........................................ 6 to 8 ........................................ 9 or More ................................. See footnotes at end of table. .9 4.0 5.8 4.8 9.5 14.1 11.9 2.2 1.5 9.3 2.2 7.2 27.2 23.2 20.4 12.2 9.7 20.0 20.8 16.0 18.1 8.2 12.8 6.8 7,976 6,799 5,981 3,586 2,856 5,871 6,092 4,695 5,294 2,410 3,761 1,996 417 491 409 278 224 412 424 351 359 193 292 162 1,146 1,440 1,522 1,247 1,424 1,798 1,873 1,399 999 879 859 885 7,893 6,217 4,727 2,693 1,398 3,464 3,429 3,648 3,808 3,314 3,861 3,146 7,821 6,132 4,689 2,810 1,467 3,462 3,423 3,671 3,735 3,391 3,906 3,232 .88 .76 .83 1.07 1.43 .94 .95 .92 1.39 .83 1.13 .72 4.6 5.5 5.7 8.3 11.2 6.6 6.6 6.9 9.4 6.6 8.8 5.8 6.7 6.6 4.6 7.1 6.7 3.6 3.7 9.6 7.7 5.5 8.3 6.2 9.4 10.8 3.4 1.3 10.7 16.3 21.7 27.7 3,125 4,770 6,372 8,125 232 340 456 570 726 1,404 2,411 3,720 3,501 3,280 3,495 3,970 3,550 3,294 3,495 3,954 1.23 1.04 .76 .55 9.1 7.4 5.4 3.9 4.1 3.7 3.8 6.8 1.1 14.9 8.2 .8 6.4 12.4 21.4 24.8 1,875 3,645 6,266 7,263 159 268 443 479 499 1,071 1,980 3,020 3,487 3,403 3,483 3,275 3,603 3,439 3,471 3,300 1.08 1.00 .91 .73 9.2 7.3 6.4 4.8 16.4 3.7 4.0 10.7 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 83 Table 5.16. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Consumption Heated Floorspace (square feet) Annual Heating Degree-Days Electricity Space-Heating Intensity Consumption (kWh/HDD* 1000 square feet) Expenditures (cents/HDD* 1000 square feet) Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (kWh) Expenditures (dollars) 1993 30-Year Average 2 RSE Column Factors: 1.6 1.1 1 1.1 1 1.0 1 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.8 1 0.9 1 RSE Row Factors Ownership of Unit Owned ...................................... Rented ...................................... Public Housing ...................... Not Public Housing ............... Rent Subsidy ..................... No Rent Subsidy .............. Year of Construction 1939 or Before ........................ 1940 to 1949 ........................... 1950 to 1959 ........................... 1960 to 1969 ........................... 1970 to 1979 ........................... 1980 to 1984 ........................... 1985 to 1987 ........................... 1988 to 1990 ........................... 1991 to 1993 3 .......................... Main Space-Heating Fuel Paid by Household Yes ............................................ No .............................................. 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 .................... $5,000 to $9,999 ..................... $10,000 to $14,999 ................. $15,000 to $19,999 ................. $20,000 to $24,999 ................. $25,000 to $34,999 ................. $35,000 to $49,999 ................. $50,000 to $74,999 ................. $75,000 or More ...................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................. ............................. ............................. 13.7 11.2 1.5 9.7 .7 9.1 1.3 .7 1.9 3.4 7.0 3.9 2.7 2.2 1.9 19.6 10.5 9.4 10.6 10.3 10.6 22.0 23.7 17.3 15.8 16.0 14.2 12.2 14.4 12.4 5,748 3,066 2,748 3,115 3,021 3,121 6,444 6,948 5,075 4,639 4,702 4,158 3,588 4,209 3,620 404 233 219 235 244 234 432 384 380 347 333 312 265 314 260 1,814 906 762 928 785 939 1,231 1,291 1,403 1,336 1,375 1,401 1,489 1,521 1,565 3,399 3,465 3,989 3,385 4,541 3,302 4,623 4,454 3,060 3,285 3,691 3,224 3,012 3,346 3,012 3,401 3,515 4,014 3,438 4,553 3,358 4,619 4,521 3,116 3,322 3,712 3,258 3,030 3,356 2,992 0.93 .98 .90 .99 .85 1.01 1.13 1.21 1.18 1.06 .93 .92 .80 .83 .77 6.6 7.4 7.2 7.5 6.9 7.6 7.6 6.7 8.9 7.9 6.6 6.9 5.9 6.2 5.5 3.4 4.4 12.7 5.1 15.3 5.3 8.4 11.2 8.9 7.3 5.6 5.6 8.8 6.4 11.4 23.6 1.4 1.2 3.1 2.8 2.4 2.3 3.9 4.4 3.1 1.8 3.9 5.2 6.9 8.3 2.3 5.7 5.4 5.2 6.4 12.3 9.8 2.9 20.9 2.6 1.5 15.7 12.3 10.2 13.6 12.2 13.9 16.5 15.7 16.1 18.3 21.1 11.9 12.8 13.0 13.2 10.1 13.5 16.2 18.0 16.5 15.9 15.0 15.4 16.3 12.1 10.6 4,597 3,613 2,982 3,973 3,582 4,083 4,845 4,610 4,716 5,358 6,186 3,493 3,751 3,816 3,854 2,957 3,969 4,747 5,289 4,838 4,666 4,391 4,516 4,764 3,545 3,114 330 284 229 303 262 280 329 335 331 382 462 267 278 282 285 223 289 339 375 348 333 320 328 338 278 263 1,447 720 863 873 1,011 1,179 1,260 1,449 1,617 1,950 2,189 910 954 1,011 1,015 919 1,208 1,541 1,694 1,407 1,257 1,510 1,685 1,484 1,039 935 3,400 3,905 3,483 3,877 3,341 3,275 3,520 3,344 3,294 3,463 3,294 3,470 3,525 3,517 3,543 3,403 3,481 3,455 3,417 3,380 3,575 3,325 3,155 3,516 3,068 2,817 3,418 4,019 3,446 3,885 3,415 3,330 3,508 3,381 3,300 3,478 3,336 3,487 3,543 3,535 3,580 3,388 3,510 3,476 3,415 3,434 3,581 3,366 3,194 3,527 3,099 2,999 .93 1.28 .99 1.17 1.06 1.06 1.09 .95 .89 .79 .86 1.11 1.12 1.07 1.07 .95 .94 .89 .91 1.02 1.04 .87 .85 .91 1.11 1.18 6.7 10.1 7.6 9.0 7.8 7.3 7.4 6.9 6.2 5.7 6.4 8.5 8.3 7.9 7.9 7.1 6.9 6.4 6.5 7.3 7.4 6.4 6.2 6.5 8.7 10.0 3.3 12.8 9.3 6.9 7.4 7.9 7.5 5.5 4.8 4.6 8.2 6.1 5.7 5.6 4.8 7.9 4.9 4.7 4.5 5.3 3.5 4.5 7.3 3.2 7.4 10.4 Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................ Age of Householder Under 25 Years ....................... 25 to 34 Years ......................... 35 to 44 Years ......................... 45 to 59 Years ......................... 60 Years and Over ................. Education of Householder Less than 13 Years ................ 13 to 16 Years ......................... 17 Years or More .................... Race of Householder White ......................................... Black ......................................... Other 5 ....................................... See footnotes at end of table. 84 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.16. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Annual Heating Degree-Days Electricity Space-Heating Intensity Consumption Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (kWh) Expenditures (dollars) Heated Floorspace (square feet) 1993 30-Year Average 2 Consumption (kWh/HDD* 1000 square feet) Expenditures (cents/HDD* 1000 square feet) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 1.6 1.1 1 1.1 1 1.0 1 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.8 1 0.9 1 Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes ............................................ No .............................................. Household Size 1 Person ................................... 2 Persons ................................. 3 Persons ................................. 4 Persons ................................. 5 Persons ................................. 6 or More Persons .................. Main Heating Equipment Using Electricity Central Warm-Air Furnace ..................................... Built-In Electric Units .......................................... Heat Pump ............................... Other ......................................... Age of Main Heating Equipment Less than 5 Years ................... 5 to 9 Years ............................. 10 to 19 Years ......................... 20 Years or More .................... Don ’t Know .............................. Secondary Heating Fuel (more than one may apply) No .............................................. Yes ............................................ Wood ...................................... Electricity ............................... Natural Gas ........................... Kerosene ............................... Other ...................................... Average Electricity Expenditures for Main Space Heat (cents per kWh) Less than 6 .............................. 6 to Less than 9 ...................... 9 or More ................................. See footnotes at end of table. 2.1 22.9 9.8 16.0 2,884 4,695 239 335 1,168 1,427 2,470 3,518 2,603 3,531 1.00 .93 8.3 6.7 10.2 3.2 7.2 8.6 3.8 3.1 1.6 .7 12.8 16.5 15.1 17.4 18.7 16.6 3,753 4,838 4,439 5,111 5,487 4,878 283 343 322 357 386 345 1,056 1,481 1,450 1,702 1,715 1,812 3,647 3,389 3,244 3,371 3,504 2,738 3,679 3,420 3,251 3,371 3,514 2,801 .97 .96 .94 .89 .91 .98 7.3 6.8 6.8 6.2 6.4 6.9 4.8 4.5 5.8 4.9 6.9 11.6 9.2 6.9 7.5 1.3 13.4 17.8 16.6 11.8 3,923 5,223 4,863 3,447 280 373 352 270 1,341 1,177 1,774 951 2,772 4,813 3,016 3,126 2,798 4,825 3,033 3,228 1.06 .92 .91 1.16 7.5 6.6 6.6 9.1 5.6 4.7 4.5 9.3 5.4 5.3 6.5 3.2 4.7 14.7 15.3 17.9 19.3 10.7 4,309 4,472 5,240 5,657 3,141 312 313 375 407 238 1,530 1,596 1,484 1,435 917 2,875 3,042 3,883 3,996 3,479 2,895 3,069 3,885 4,051 3,509 .98 .92 .91 .99 .98 7.1 6.4 6.5 7.1 7.5 5.5 6.1 4.6 7.8 5.7 15.9 9.1 6.0 2.8 .6 .6 .2 12.8 20.3 22.3 18.7 16.3 22.7 23.7 3,741 5,940 6,524 5,495 4,770 6,657 6,941 279 411 445 374 367 456 470 1,157 1,840 2,056 1,646 1,753 1,673 1,986 3,292 3,668 3,823 3,278 2,861 4,667 4,476 3,339 3,650 3,799 3,265 2,837 4,560 4,606 .98 .88 .83 1.02 .95 .85 .78 7.3 6.1 5.7 6.9 7.3 5.8 5.3 4.3 3.7 4.3 6.5 9.2 10.6 18.7 4.6 14.3 6.1 25.2 15.1 9.1 7,378 4,426 2,664 377 330 281 1,454 1,487 1,178 5,063 3,123 2,909 5,031 3,099 3,084 1.00 .95 .78 5.1 7.1 8.2 5.8 4.4 6.2 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 85 Table 5.16. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Annual Heating Degree-Days Electricity Space-Heating Intensity Consumption Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (kWh) Expenditures (dollars) Heated Floorspace (square feet) 1993 30-Year Average 2 Consumption (kWh/HDD* 1000 square feet) Expenditures (cents/HDD* 1000 square feet) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 1.6 1.1 1 1.1 1 1.0 1 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.8 1 0.9 1 Adequacy of Insulation Well Insulated .......................... Adequately Insulated .............. Poorly Insulated ....................... 1 2 10.2 9.8 4.9 16.6 14.6 15.0 4,872 4,265 4,401 349 307 321 1,610 1,351 1,091 3,534 3,263 3,540 3,543 3,294 3,578 0.86 .97 1.14 6.1 7.0 8.3 3.9 3.8 5.9 This factor is underestimated because it contains no error for estimating this end use. The 30-year average and climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. 3 Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C, and E of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). 86 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.17. Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 Consumption Heated Floorspace (square feet) Annual Heating Degree-Days Natural Gas Space-Heating Intensity Consumption (cubic feet/ HDD*1000 square feet) Expenditures (cents/ HDD*1000 square feet) RSE Row Factors 1.9 3.0 6.7 3.4 2.6 2.8 5.8 4.5 6.9 7.9 7.4 4.1 6.4 4.0 4.0 13.5 5.3 11.8 2.0 3.3 2.5 6.0 Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (1000 cubic feet) Expenditures (dollars) 1993 30-Year Average 2 RSE Column Factors: 1.7 51.4 9.4 1.6 7.9 16.9 12.9 4.0 13.0 4.7 2.3 6.1 12.1 3.4 8.7 7.9 Q 3.6 3.6 44.2 19.2 25.0 7.2 1.0 1 70.9 81.6 78.7 82.2 92.3 93.1 89.7 58.9 60.4 71.5 53.0 45.4 68.4 36.4 31.3 29.6 80.7 50.0 68.7 67.2 70.0 83.8 1.0 1 68.9 79.4 76.5 80.0 89.8 90.5 87.2 57.3 58.7 69.6 51.5 44.2 66.5 35.4 30.5 28.8 78.5 48.6 66.9 65.3 68.1 81.5 1.0 1 424 613 651 606 496 504 473 359 426 406 289 243 320 214 188 230 647 274 417 418 416 463 0.8 1,712 1,735 1,566 1,769 1,880 1,879 1,882 1,604 1,627 1,824 1,504 1,576 1,667 1,540 1,496 1,627 1,718 1,539 1,692 1,490 1,848 1,833 0.8 4,818 5,790 5,912 5,766 6,601 6,519 6,863 3,200 3,554 3,379 2,858 3,310 5,868 2,313 1,961 1,227 5,900 2,724 4,709 4,569 4,816 5,489 0.8 4,801 5,833 5,956 5,808 6,460 6,438 6,531 3,081 3,488 3,296 2,685 3,529 5,695 2,685 2,339 1,263 5,893 2,549 4,729 4,597 4,830 5,244 1.0 1 8.4 7.9 8.3 7.8 7.2 7.4 6.8 11.2 10.2 11.3 12.0 8.5 6.8 9.9 10.4 14.4 7.7 11.6 8.4 9.6 7.6 8.1 1.1 1 Total U.S. Households ............ 5.1 6.1 7.0 5.9 4.0 4.1 3.7 7.0 7.4 6.6 6.7 4.7 3.3 6.0 6.4 Q 6.4 6.5 5.2 6.1 4.7 4.6 Census Region and Division Northeast .................................. New England ......................... Middle Atlantic ...................... Midwest .................................... East North Central ............... West North Central .............. South ......................................... South Atlantic ........................ East South Central ............... West South Central .............. West .......................................... Mountain ................................ Pacific ..................................... Largest Populated States California .................................. Florida ....................................... New York .................................. Texas ........................................ Urban Status Urban ........................................ Central City ............................ Suburban ............................... Rural .......................................... Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ............. Under 4,000 HDD ................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD ................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................ Detached ............................... Attached ................................ Mobile Home ............................ Multifamily ................................ 2 to 4 Units ........................... 5 or More Units .................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1000 ..................... 1,000 to 1,999 ......................... 2,000 to 2,999 ......................... 3,000 or More .......................... Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 ........................................ 3 to 5 ........................................ 6 to 8 ........................................ 9 or More ................................. See footnotes at end of table. 4.4 17.6 10.3 10.2 9.0 37.8 33.6 4.2 1.8 11.8 4.7 7.1 92.7 89.8 79.0 43.0 45.5 78.5 80.3 63.5 55.1 49.1 78.0 29.7 90.2 87.3 76.9 41.9 44.3 76.3 78.1 61.7 53.6 47.7 75.9 28.9 501 520 521 266 266 463 469 410 309 317 507 190 1,991 1,819 1,786 1,550 1,467 1,990 2,026 1,704 972 939 1,114 821 8,206 6,463 4,994 2,360 2,547 4,721 4,728 4,658 5,137 5,082 5,250 4,970 7,971 6,378 4,957 2,553 2,552 4,690 4,690 4,691 5,030 5,120 5,304 4,997 5.5 7.4 8.6 11.4 11.9 8.1 8.2 7.8 10.7 10.0 13.0 7.1 3.1 4.4 5.8 7.3 7.1 4.9 4.9 5.2 6.2 6.6 8.7 4.6 5.2 2.5 3.8 6.5 5.5 2.1 2.2 5.2 6.6 3.5 5.1 3.8 13.9 21.8 10.1 5.6 45.4 65.2 92.9 116.3 44.2 63.5 90.4 113.2 281 392 552 672 738 1,443 2,391 3,966 4,727 4,434 5,361 5,565 4,730 4,433 5,310 5,496 12.7 9.9 7.1 5.1 8.1 6.1 4.3 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.9 3.7 1.5 23.1 23.2 3.6 23.0 54.2 83.3 117.6 22.4 52.8 81.0 114.4 159 330 493 686 518 1,147 2,099 3,342 4,644 4,675 4,905 5,252 4,645 4,673 4,877 5,198 9.3 9.8 7.9 6.5 6.6 6.2 4.8 3.9 7.2 2.6 2.2 4.9 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 87 Table 5.17. Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Consumption Heated Floorspace (square feet) Annual Heating Degree-Days Natural Gas Space-Heating Intensity Consumption (cubic feet/ HDD*1000 square feet) Expenditures (cents/ HDD*1000 square feet) RSE Row Factors Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (1000 cubic feet) Expenditures (dollars) 1993 30-Year Average 2 RSE Column Factors: 1.7 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1 1.1 1 Ownership of Unit Owned ...................................... Rented ...................................... Public Housing ...................... Not Public Housing ............... Rent Subsidy ..................... No Rent Subsidy .............. Year of Construction 1939 or Before ........................ 1940 to 1949 ........................... 1950 to 1959 ........................... 1960 to 1969 ........................... 1970 to 1979 ........................... 1980 to 1984 ........................... 1985 to 1987 ........................... 1988 to 1990 ........................... 1991 to 1993 3 .......................... Main Space-Heating Fuel Paid by Household Yes ............................................ No .............................................. 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 .................... $5,000 to $9,999 ..................... $10,000 to $14,999 ................. $15,000 to $19,999 ................. $20,000 to $24,999 ................. $25,000 to $34,999 ................. $35,000 to $49,999 ................. $50,000 to $74,999 ................. $75,000 or More ...................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................. ............................. ............................. 34.5 17.0 1.7 15.2 1.0 14.2 12.6 4.3 8.2 9.0 7.7 3.5 2.2 1.8 2.1 80.5 51.2 37.4 52.8 54.5 52.7 90.9 71.4 70.4 69.1 59.1 48.0 57.1 64.1 60.0 78.3 49.8 36.4 51.4 53.0 51.3 88.4 69.5 68.5 67.2 57.5 46.7 55.5 62.4 58.3 478 314 233 323 347 321 549 432 433 410 333 287 345 374 361 2,023 1,082 851 1,109 1,087 1,110 1,707 1,534 1,639 1,660 1,660 1,640 1,912 2,273 2,243 4,895 4,663 4,749 4,653 4,961 4,631 5,459 4,615 4,267 4,839 4,722 4,218 4,477 5,302 4,753 4,857 4,688 4,771 4,678 4,968 4,658 5,410 4,642 4,299 4,831 4,660 4,231 4,496 5,258 4,705 7.9 9.9 9.0 10.0 9.8 10.0 9.5 9.8 9.8 8.4 7.3 6.8 6.5 5.2 5.5 4.8 6.2 5.8 6.3 6.4 6.2 5.9 6.1 6.2 5.1 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.1 3.4 2.1 2.9 7.9 3.1 8.8 3.2 3.4 4.8 3.9 3.8 4.0 6.0 6.4 6.6 8.6 44.0 7.5 2.0 5.2 6.1 5.3 4.5 7.0 9.2 7.1 5.1 7.3 9.7 12.4 15.7 2.6 10.9 11.4 11.5 15.0 26.7 17.7 7.0 41.7 6.7 3.0 74.3 50.8 57.2 62.3 66.3 72.5 67.8 70.7 70.8 74.7 86.7 59.9 62.0 63.0 66.5 57.8 62.2 65.7 73.8 81.0 69.7 71.5 73.6 72.3 74.4 42.9 72.3 49.4 55.6 60.6 64.5 70.5 66.0 68.8 68.9 72.6 84.3 58.3 60.3 61.3 64.7 56.2 60.6 63.9 71.8 78.8 67.8 69.6 71.6 70.4 72.3 41.8 443 310 353 375 396 423 406 419 425 440 534 364 376 380 401 336 371 398 438 486 415 426 452 429 462 270 1,849 908 1,051 1,165 1,299 1,483 1,477 1,675 1,935 2,057 2,654 1,185 1,230 1,238 1,283 1,176 1,521 1,828 1,937 1,683 1,502 1,878 2,098 1,795 1,370 1,337 4,743 5,263 4,525 4,697 4,874 4,936 5,135 4,956 4,742 4,824 4,531 4,451 4,614 4,639 4,793 4,914 4,922 4,704 4,747 4,869 4,894 4,752 4,697 4,982 4,330 3,658 4,720 5,281 4,536 4,651 4,867 4,901 5,093 4,912 4,726 4,812 4,588 4,445 4,598 4,619 4,783 4,898 4,893 4,690 4,744 4,847 4,863 4,742 4,715 4,949 4,341 3,788 8.2 10.3 11.7 11.1 10.2 9.6 8.7 8.3 7.5 7.3 7.0 11.1 10.6 10.7 10.5 9.7 8.1 7.4 7.8 9.6 9.2 7.8 7.3 7.9 12.2 8.5 5.1 6.5 7.4 6.9 6.3 5.8 5.4 5.0 4.6 4.4 4.4 6.9 6.6 6.6 6.5 5.8 5.0 4.6 4.8 5.9 5.6 4.8 4.6 4.8 7.8 5.5 2.0 4.7 5.9 3.8 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.0 2.9 3.6 4.6 3.9 3.7 3.1 2.9 6.6 3.1 3.3 3.0 2.6 2.3 2.7 3.9 2.1 4.4 6.2 Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................ Age of Householder Under 25 Years ....................... 25 to 34 Years ......................... 35 to 44 Years ......................... 45 to 59 Years ......................... 60 Years and Over ................. Education of Householder Less than 13 Years ................ 13 to 16 Years ......................... 17 Years or More .................... Race of Householder White ......................................... Black ......................................... Other 5 ....................................... See footnotes at end of table. 88 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.17. Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Annual Heating Degree-Days Natural Gas Space-Heating Intensity Consumption Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (1000 cubic feet) Expenditures (dollars) Heated Floorspace (square feet) 1993 30-Year Average 2 Consumption (cubic feet/ HDD*1000 square feet) Expenditures (cents/ HDD*1000 square feet) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 1.7 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1 1.1 1 Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes ............................................ No .............................................. Household Size 1 Person ................................... 2 Persons ................................. 3 Persons ................................. 4 Persons ................................. 5 Persons ................................. 6 or More Persons .................. Main Heating Equipment Using Natural Gas Central Warm-Air Furnace ..................................... Steam or Hot-Water System ...................................... Floor, Wall, or Pipeless Furnace ..................................... Room Heater/Other ................ Age of Main Heating Equipment Less than 5 Years ................... 5 to 9 Years ............................. 10 to 19 Years ......................... 20 Years or More .................... Don ’t Know .............................. Secondary Heating Fuel (more than one may apply) No .............................................. Yes ............................................ Wood ...................................... Electricity ............................... Kerosene ............................... Other ...................................... Average Natural Gas Expenditures for Main Space Heat (dollars per 1000 cf) Less than 4.50 ......................... 4.50 to Less than 6 ................ 6 or More ................................. See footnotes at end of table. 4.1 47.4 47.4 72.9 46.1 70.9 293 435 1,339 1,744 3,859 4,901 3,966 4,873 8.9 8.3 5.7 5.1 5.3 2.0 12.2 16.4 9.1 8.3 3.5 1.8 63.7 71.5 72.0 77.1 70.7 78.7 62.0 69.6 70.0 75.0 68.8 76.6 381 424 443 458 417 469 1,229 1,767 1,803 2,019 2,093 1,859 5,057 4,809 4,685 4,845 4,496 4,476 5,010 4,794 4,690 4,822 4,497 4,510 10.0 8.2 8.3 7.7 7.3 9.2 6.1 5.0 5.2 4.7 4.4 5.6 3.1 2.6 3.2 3.4 4.7 7.8 35.4 8.7 4.3 3.0 72.8 87.4 36.8 49.0 70.8 85.1 35.8 47.6 425 556 227 300 1,882 1,540 1,093 1,093 4,915 5,938 2,750 3,397 4,880 5,926 2,888 3,355 7.7 9.3 11.9 12.8 4.6 6.1 7.5 8.1 2.1 4.0 5.5 6.5 9.7 8.7 11.1 13.6 8.4 70.4 74.9 75.1 76.6 52.3 68.5 72.9 73.1 74.5 50.8 425 449 443 455 319 1,987 1,931 1,807 1,686 1,083 4,954 4,869 4,854 4,679 4,788 4,907 4,834 4,822 4,699 4,781 7.0 7.8 8.3 9.4 9.8 4.3 4.8 5.1 5.8 6.2 3.2 3.6 2.9 3.1 3.8 18.0 33.4 9.7 7.6 .9 3.2 75.8 68.2 78.2 73.9 92.4 71.0 73.7 66.3 76.1 71.9 89.9 69.0 441 414 452 437 527 400 2,111 1,497 2,381 1,874 2,001 2,011 4,596 4,939 4,627 4,576 5,449 4,204 4,584 4,918 4,635 4,565 5,356 4,160 7.6 9.0 6.9 8.4 8.2 8.2 4.5 5.6 4.1 5.1 4.8 4.7 2.5 2.4 3.4 3.8 9.4 6.7 2.4 21.1 27.9 100.1 78.5 62.5 97.3 76.4 60.8 396 404 441 2,014 1,751 1,657 6,773 5,100 4,434 6,486 5,043 4,471 7.1 8.6 8.3 2.9 4.5 6.0 11.1 3.3 3.3 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 89 Table 5.17. Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Annual Heating Degree-Days Natural Gas Space-Heating Intensity Consumption Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (1000 cubic feet) Expenditures (dollars) Heated Floorspace (square feet) 1993 30-Year Average 2 Consumption (cubic feet/ HDD*1000 square feet) Expenditures (cents/ HDD*1000 square feet) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 1.7 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1 1.1 1 Adequacy of Insulation Well Insulated .......................... Adequately Insulated .............. Poorly Insulated ....................... 1 2 18.2 21.3 11.9 72.3 69.1 71.8 70.3 67.2 69.9 431 416 426 1,933 1,678 1,436 4,945 4,827 4,611 4,905 4,814 4,620 7.4 8.3 10.5 4.5 5.1 6.4 2.7 2.4 3.3 This factor is underestimated because it contains no error for estimating this end use. The 30-year average and climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. 3 Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C, and F of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). 90 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.18. Fuel Oil Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 Consumption Heated Floorspace (square feet) Annual Heating Degree-Days Fuel Oil Space-Heating Intensity Consumption (gallons/ HDD*1000 square feet) Expenditures (cents/ HDD*1000 square feet) RSE Row Factors 3.5 4.4 7.4 5.0 4.4 8.7 5.4 6.7 7.0 NF NF 16.5 NF 19.6 NF NF 7.7 NF 4.4 5.7 5.0 3.7 Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (gallons) Expenditures (dollars) 1993 30-Year Average 2 RSE Column Factors: 2.0 10.2 7.0 2.6 4.5 1.3 .7 .6 1.5 1.4 Q NC .4 Q Q Q Q 2.5 NC 7.7 2.6 5.1 2.4 1.2 1 86.6 89.3 97.1 84.8 94.6 100.2 88.6 70.2 70.5 Q NC 74.4 Q 72.9 Q Q 80.3 NC 84.3 61.1 96.0 94.0 1.2 1 625 644 701 611 685 725 643 507 509 Q NC 537 Q 526 Q Q 579 NC 608 441 692 680 1.2 1 564 578 634 546 588 628 545 485 488 Q NC 543 Q 538 Q Q 517 NC 553 374 643 602 0.9 1,911 1,860 1,966 1,799 2,234 2,240 2,228 1,835 1,884 Q NC 2,028 Q 2,057 Q Q 1,559 NC 1,850 1,388 2,083 2,105 0.5 5,877 5,984 6,630 5,615 7,743 7,348 8,162 3,830 3,801 Q NC 5,395 Q 5,176 Q Q 5,561 NC 5,526 5,148 5,717 6,991 0.5 5,858 5,997 6,654 5,622 7,521 7,203 7,858 3,818 3,788 Q NC 5,437 Q 5,307 Q Q 5,549 NC 5,553 5,208 5,727 6,827 1.0 1 0.056 .058 .054 .061 .040 .044 .035 .072 .071 Q NC .049 Q .049 Q Q .067 NC .059 .062 .058 .046 1.1 1 Total U.S. Households ............ 5.0 5.2 4.9 5.4 3.4 3.8 3.0 6.9 6.8 Q NC 5.0 Q 5.1 Q Q 6.0 NC 5.4 5.2 5.4 4.1 Census Region and Division Northeast .................................. New England ......................... Middle Atlantic ...................... Midwest .................................... East North Central ............... West North Central .............. South ......................................... South Atlantic ........................ East South Central ............... West South Central .............. West .......................................... Mountain ................................ Pacific ..................................... Largest Populated States California .................................. Florida ....................................... New York .................................. Texas ........................................ Urban Status Urban ........................................ Central City ............................ Suburban ............................... Rural .......................................... Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ............. Under 4,000 HDD ................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD ................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................ Detached ............................... Attached ................................ Mobile Home ............................ Multifamily ................................ 2 to 4 Units ........................... 5 or More Units .................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1000 ..................... 1,000 to 1,999 ......................... 2,000 to 2,999 ......................... 3,000 or More .......................... Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 ........................................ 3 to 5 ........................................ 6 to 8 ........................................ 9 or More ................................. See footnotes at end of table. 1.9 3.3 4.5 .4 Q 7.6 7.0 .6 .3 2.3 .9 1.5 98.2 98.2 77.6 69.6 Q 98.0 99.8 76.9 57.9 53.0 85.1 34.0 709 709 559 502 Q 707 720 555 421 382 614 245 618 641 512 454 Q 650 662 507 396 305 558 156 2,127 2,121 1,698 1,565 Q 2,206 2,233 1,887 765 1,084 1,436 875 8,089 6,343 5,030 3,633 Q 6,021 6,056 5,597 6,049 5,385 5,952 5,049 7,935 6,327 5,064 3,578 Q 5,984 6,010 5,673 6,005 5,426 5,951 5,115 .041 .053 .065 .088 Q .053 .053 .052 .091 .065 .072 .055 3.6 4.8 6.0 8.0 Q 4.9 4.9 4.8 8.6 5.2 6.5 3.5 3.9 6.2 4.9 11.8 NF 3.6 3.7 11.1 14.1 5.5 6.3 4.1 2.2 3.7 2.8 1.5 47.5 80.7 105.8 123.3 343 582 763 889 282 532 697 814 722 1,462 2,431 3,804 5,379 5,782 6,204 6,239 5,399 5,763 6,169 6,192 .088 .069 .051 .037 7.3 6.3 4.6 3.4 5.1 3.9 4.7 5.5 .4 4.1 4.9 .9 30.4 67.4 97.6 137.6 219 487 705 993 181 422 648 917 577 1,314 2,260 3,282 5,018 5,827 5,952 6,038 5,090 5,821 5,922 5,986 .076 .064 .052 .050 6.2 5.5 4.8 4.6 10.5 4.5 3.5 7.5 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 91 Table 5.18. Fuel Oil Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Consumption Heated Floorspace (square feet) Annual Heating Degree-Days Fuel Oil Space-Heating Intensity Consumption (gallons/ HDD*1000 square feet) Expenditures (cents/ HDD*1000 square feet) RSE Row Factors Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (gallons) Expenditures (dollars) 1993 30-Year Average 2 RSE Column Factors: 2.0 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 0.9 0.5 0.5 1.0 1 1.1 1 Ownership of Unit Owned ...................................... Rented ...................................... Public Housing ...................... Not Public Housing ............... Rent Subsidy ..................... No Rent Subsidy .............. Year of Construction 1939 or Before ........................ 1940 to 1949 ........................... 1950 to 1959 ........................... 1960 to 1969 ........................... 1970 to 1979 ........................... 1980 to 1984 ........................... 1985 to 1987 ........................... 1988 to 1990 ........................... 1991 to 1993 3 .......................... Fuel Oil Paid by Household Yes ............................................ No .............................................. 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 .................... $5,000 to $9,999 ..................... $10,000 to $14,999 ................. $15,000 to $19,999 ................. $20,000 to $24,999 ................. $25,000 to $34,999 ................. $35,000 to $49,999 ................. $50,000 to $74,999 ................. $75,000 or More ...................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................. ............................. ............................. 7.3 2.9 Q 2.8 .2 2.6 4.1 1.2 1.8 1.2 1.2 .3 .2 .2 .1 98.4 56.9 Q 57.5 54.5 57.8 94.5 77.8 91.2 73.7 82.7 62.4 82.1 78.3 78.3 710 411 Q 415 393 417 682 561 659 532 596 450 592 565 565 653 340 Q 346 311 349 607 495 623 484 532 411 535 510 518 2,179 1,235 Q 1,230 909 1,258 1,850 1,647 2,020 1,879 2,044 1,883 2,661 1,961 2,772 6,044 5,456 Q 5,484 5,023 5,525 6,181 5,539 5,588 5,203 5,995 5,975 6,016 6,923 6,434 6,009 5,477 Q 5,502 5,088 5,539 6,126 5,529 5,619 5,246 5,972 5,959 5,984 6,818 6,391 0.054 .061 Q .062 .086 .060 .060 .062 .058 .054 .049 .040 .037 .042 .032 5.0 5.0 Q 5.1 6.8 5.0 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.0 4.3 3.7 3.3 3.8 2.9 3.6 4.8 NF 4.9 8.0 5.3 4.1 7.8 8.1 10.5 7.6 7.7 17.8 11.5 11.2 8.2 2.0 .4 .9 .9 .9 .9 1.6 2.2 1.5 .9 1.2 1.7 2.2 2.8 .4 1.5 2.3 2.5 3.5 5.7 3.4 1.1 9.0 .8 .4 96.5 45.8 63.4 74.0 87.9 89.7 81.9 86.1 79.6 96.3 112.9 65.6 67.7 70.6 77.7 49.0 76.0 75.4 89.4 100.5 79.8 91.8 105.4 89.7 70.4 49.0 696 330 458 534 636 648 591 621 574 695 814 473 489 510 561 354 549 544 645 726 576 663 760 648 507 354 640 249 395 472 559 572 515 564 518 641 771 406 419 443 491 313 475 497 587 658 510 607 710 586 459 287 2,132 991 1,384 1,364 1,587 1,531 1,744 2,027 2,003 2,214 2,625 1,393 1,397 1,428 1,480 1,289 1,607 1,949 1,951 2,055 1,716 2,089 2,355 1,993 1,380 1,132 6,024 5,267 5,649 5,723 6,026 5,933 6,052 5,888 5,995 5,872 5,443 5,605 5,714 5,721 5,846 5,234 6,135 5,960 5,792 5,839 5,882 5,926 5,698 6,019 4,803 4,859 5,989 5,313 5,630 5,712 5,969 5,909 6,026 5,875 5,965 5,843 5,499 5,586 5,704 5,698 5,814 5,224 6,079 5,953 5,777 5,825 5,860 5,909 5,692 5,989 4,879 4,902 .054 .063 .059 .068 .066 .071 .056 .052 .048 .053 .057 .061 .061 .062 .065 .052 .056 .047 .057 .060 .057 .054 .057 .054 .077 .064 5.0 4.8 5.1 6.0 5.8 6.3 4.9 4.7 4.3 4.9 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.7 4.6 4.8 4.3 5.2 5.5 5.1 4.9 5.3 4.9 6.9 5.2 3.5 5.9 14.0 6.7 8.3 7.6 7.4 8.2 4.9 4.4 8.3 7.0 6.3 5.5 4.9 17.3 5.3 4.7 4.3 5.1 3.9 4.8 8.3 3.6 6.4 10.5 Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................ Age of Householder Under 25 Years ....................... 25 to 34 Years ......................... 35 to 44 Years ......................... 45 to 59 Years ......................... 60 Years and Over ................. Education of Householder Less than 13 Years ................ 13 to 16 Years ......................... 17 Years or More .................... Race of Householder White ......................................... Black ......................................... Other 5 ....................................... See footnotes at end of table. 92 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.18. Fuel Oil Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Annual Heating Degree-Days Fuel Oil Space-Heating Intensity Consumption Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (gallons) Expenditures (dollars) Heated Floorspace (square feet) 1993 30-Year Average 2 Consumption (gallons/ HDD*1000 square feet) Expenditures (cents/ HDD*1000 square feet) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 2.0 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 0.9 0.5 0.5 1.0 1 1.1 1 Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes ............................................ No .............................................. Household Size 1 Person ................................... 2 Persons ................................. 3 Persons ................................. 4 Persons ................................. 5 Persons ................................. 6 or More Persons .................. Main Heating Equipment Using Fuel Oil Central Warm-Air Furnace ..................................... Steam or Hot-Water System ...................................... Other ......................................... Age of Main Heating Equipment Less than 5 Years ................... 5 to 9 Years ............................. 10 to 19 Years ......................... 20 Years or More .................... Don ’t Know .............................. Secondary Heating Fuel (more than one may apply) No .............................................. Yes ............................................ Wood ...................................... Electricity ............................... Kerosene ............................... Other ...................................... Average Fuel Oil Expenditures for Main Space Heat (dollars per gallon) Less than .95 ........................... 1.10 or More ............................ 0.9 9.3 59.3 89.3 428 644 349 585 1,323 1,968 5,182 5,944 5,235 5,918 0.062 .055 5.1 5.0 7.0 3.5 2.3 3.3 1.9 1.6 .7 .4 79.3 89.9 91.2 86.6 84.0 84.1 573 649 658 625 606 607 522 580 599 570 538 537 1,449 2,003 2,078 2,020 2,015 2,307 5,835 5,848 5,988 5,757 6,111 5,891 5,834 5,826 5,972 5,715 6,107 5,846 .068 .055 .053 .054 .049 .045 6.2 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.4 4.0 5.8 5.1 4.7 5.2 9.2 9.3 4.5 5.3 .4 83.2 91.0 64.9 600 657 471 550 585 437 2,025 1,865 1,185 6,051 5,760 5,446 5,999 5,770 5,417 .049 .061 .073 4.5 5.4 6.8 4.4 4.1 12.6 1.8 1.3 2.1 3.4 1.6 97.6 91.0 88.9 94.4 51.7 704 657 641 681 373 648 595 587 621 300 2,186 1,952 2,187 1,926 1,182 6,135 6,044 6,128 5,739 5,427 6,100 5,994 6,100 5,724 5,454 .053 .056 .048 .062 .058 4.8 5.0 4.4 5.6 4.7 6.0 5.2 4.9 4.2 6.9 3.8 6.3 2.3 1.5 .5 .2 94.5 81.8 100.8 86.9 80.0 95.3 682 591 727 627 578 687 630 525 686 579 519 636 2,298 1,677 2,606 2,156 1,895 2,165 5,866 5,883 5,853 5,709 5,579 5,788 5,824 5,878 5,841 5,669 5,472 5,653 .051 .060 .048 .051 .055 .055 4.7 5.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 4.5 3.7 5.7 5.5 10.0 13.5 7.9 .4 82.2 98.3 593 709 506 835 1,830 2,039 5,998 4,837 5,964 4,884 .054 .072 4.6 8.5 4.3 7.7 See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 93 Table 5.18. Fuel Oil Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Annual Heating Degree-Days Fuel Oil Space-Heating Intensity Consumption Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (gallons) Expenditures (dollars) Heated Floorspace (square feet) 1993 30-Year Average 2 Consumption (gallons/ HDD*1000 square feet) Expenditures (cents/ HDD*1000 square feet) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 2.0 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 0.9 0.5 0.5 1.0 1 1.1 1 Adequacy of Insulation Well Insulated .......................... Adequately Insulated .............. Poorly Insulated ....................... 1 2 4.0 4.1 2.2 88.6 86.5 83.2 639 624 600 577 567 537 2,143 1,821 1,655 6,055 5,819 5,659 6,028 5,810 5,637 0.049 .059 .064 4.4 5.3 5.7 4.3 4.4 5.1 This factor is underestimated because it contains no error for estimating this end use. The 30-year average and climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. 3 Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. NC = No cases in sample. NF = No applicable RSE row factor. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C, and G of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). 94 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.19. Liquefied Petroleum Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 Consumption Heated Floorspace (square feet) Annual Heating Degree-Days Liquefied Petroleum Gas Space-Heating Intensity Consumption (gallons/ HDD*1000 square feet) Expenditures (cents/ HDD*1000 square feet) RSE Row Factors 5.3 13.4 18.9 16.0 5.8 7.9 8.5 7.4 11.0 10.6 20.9 14.2 18.3 27.7 15.2 25.8 16.1 28.3 9.8 23.3 10.1 5.9 Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (gallons) Expenditures (dollars) 1993 30-Year Average 2 RSE Column Factors: 1.9 4.6 .2 .1 .1 1.8 .9 .9 2.3 1.1 .7 .5 .4 .3 .1 .1 .3 Q .4 1.6 .2 1.4 3.0 1.0 1 60.0 52.9 52.9 52.8 86.5 95.9 76.4 39.0 40.9 40.7 32.1 65.9 72.9 44.6 23.8 17.1 58.8 27.7 51.6 43.1 53.0 64.3 1.0 1 657 579 580 579 947 1,051 836 427 448 446 351 721 799 489 261 188 643 304 565 472 580 704 0.9 1 560 608 592 629 726 817 628 408 461 410 286 669 673 657 331 248 638 249 512 470 519 585 0.8 1,641 1,389 1,174 1,673 2,098 2,155 2,037 1,326 1,379 1,275 1,276 1,532 1,463 1,739 1,493 1,067 2,165 1,277 1,711 1,150 1,800 1,605 0.8 4,848 6,951 6,865 7,065 6,929 6,761 7,109 2,870 2,739 3,411 2,393 5,817 6,046 5,129 4,400 937 7,720 2,194 4,420 3,741 4,528 5,070 0.8 4,664 6,960 6,928 7,003 6,642 6,512 6,781 2,751 2,722 3,142 2,257 5,613 5,742 5,223 4,469 1,027 7,545 2,064 4,282 3,702 4,374 4,862 1.0 1 0.083 .060 .072 Q .065 .072 .058 .112 .119 .102 .115 .081 .090 .055 .040 .188 Q .108 .075 .110 .071 .087 1.1 1 Total U.S. Households ............ 7.0 6.3 7.3 Q 5.0 5.6 4.3 10.7 12.2 9.4 9.4 7.5 7.6 7.4 5.0 Q Q 8.9 6.8 10.9 6.4 7.2 Census Region and Division Northeast .................................. New England ......................... Middle Atlantic ...................... Midwest .................................... East North Central ............... West North Central .............. South ......................................... South Atlantic ........................ East South Central ............... West South Central .............. West .......................................... Mountain ................................ Pacific ..................................... Largest Populated States California .................................. Florida ....................................... New York .................................. Texas ........................................ Urban Status Urban ........................................ Central City ............................ Suburban ............................... Rural .......................................... Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ............. Under 4,000 HDD ................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD ................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................ Detached ............................... Attached ................................ Mobile Home ............................ Multifamily ................................ 2 to 4 Units ........................... 5 or More Units .................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1000 ..................... 1,000 to 1,999 ......................... 2,000 to 2,999 ......................... 3,000 or More .......................... Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 ........................................ 3 to 5 ........................................ 6 to 8 ........................................ 9 or More ................................. See footnotes at end of table. .7 1.1 .7 .9 1.3 3.3 3.3 Q 1.2 Q Q Q 77.5 85.9 78.1 46.1 31.0 66.4 66.6 Q 43.8 Q Q Q 849 941 855 505 339 727 729 Q 479 Q Q Q 691 743 709 485 325 609 610 Q 436 Q Q Q 2,199 1,906 1,894 1,274 1,278 1,929 1,935 Q 886 Q Q Q 8,196 6,883 5,322 3,378 2,319 4,907 4,869 Q 4,659 Q Q Q 7,812 6,688 5,025 3,195 2,301 4,721 4,680 Q 4,459 Q Q Q .047 .072 .085 .117 .115 .077 .077 Q .116 Q Q Q 3.8 5.7 7.0 11.3 11.0 6.4 6.5 Q 10.6 Q Q Q 8.2 11.8 14.0 10.0 12.2 6.2 6.3 NF 6.9 NF NF NF 1.5 1.8 .8 .5 42.4 54.5 76.4 103.5 464 597 837 1,133 431 518 712 838 766 1,392 2,484 3,693 4,338 4,426 5,595 6,627 4,186 4,250 5,360 6,397 .140 .097 .060 .046 13.0 8.4 5.1 3.4 7.0 7.2 8.8 8.4 Q 2.4 1.9 .2 Q 47.0 73.3 90.5 Q 515 803 991 Q 454 670 791 Q 1,107 2,137 3,210 Q 4,612 5,034 5,808 Q 4,420 4,858 5,621 Q .101 .075 .053 Q 8.9 6.2 4.2 NF 7.2 7.4 13.0 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 95 Table 5.19. Liquefied Petroleum Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Consumption Heated Floorspace (square feet) Annual Heating Degree-Days Liquefied Petroleum Gas Space-Heating Intensity Consumption (gallons/ HDD*1000 square feet) Expenditures (cents/ HDD*1000 square feet) RSE Row Factors Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (gallons) Expenditures (dollars) 1993 30-Year Average 2 RSE Column Factors: 1.9 1.0 1 1.0 1 0.9 1 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1 1.1 1 Ownership of Unit Owned ...................................... Rented ...................................... Public Housing ...................... Not Public Housing ............... Rent Subsidy ..................... No Rent Subsidy .............. Year of Construction 1939 or Before ........................ 1940 to 1949 ........................... 1950 to 1959 ........................... 1960 to 1969 ........................... 1970 to 1979 ........................... 1980 to 1984 ........................... 1985 to 1987 ........................... 1988 to 1990 ........................... 1991 to 1993 3 .......................... Liquefied Petroleum Gas Paid by Household Yes ............................................ No .............................................. 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 .................... $5,000 to $9,999 ..................... $10,000 to $14,999 ................. $15,000 to $19,999 ................. $20,000 to $24,999 ................. $25,000 to $34,999 ................. $35,000 to $49,999 ................. $50,000 to $74,999 ................. $75,000 or More ...................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................. ............................. ............................. 3.9 .8 Q .7 Q .7 1.1 .4 .5 .6 .9 .2 .2 .2 .3 61.1 54.5 Q 54.5 Q 53.4 86.1 66.2 39.8 62.8 47.1 42.7 53.7 49.3 51.1 669 597 Q 596 Q 585 942 725 436 687 515 468 588 540 559 565 534 Q 533 Q 526 748 636 393 594 452 397 536 512 504 1,728 1,196 Q 1,206 Q 1,186 1,992 1,243 1,373 1,760 1,456 1,174 1,618 1,700 1,893 4,846 4,860 Q 4,794 Q 4,721 5,922 4,025 3,889 4,485 4,530 5,413 5,142 4,711 4,596 4,659 4,689 Q 4,614 Q 4,547 5,668 3,851 3,750 4,377 4,308 5,207 5,048 4,547 4,467 0.080 .103 Q .103 Q .105 .080 .145 .082 .087 .078 .074 .071 .067 .064 6.7 9.2 Q 9.2 Q 9.4 6.3 12.7 7.4 7.5 6.8 6.2 6.4 6.4 5.8 5.8 9.0 NF 9.1 NF 9.5 6.3 17.1 17.0 12.2 8.9 12.6 14.3 14.9 13.6 4.5 Q .2 .6 .6 .5 .6 .9 .6 .4 .1 .9 1.3 1.5 1.7 .2 .8 .8 1.2 1.6 3.3 1.1 .2 4.3 .3 Q 59.9 Q 56.7 49.8 43.2 58.6 54.1 60.6 73.0 81.7 80.8 50.0 48.1 47.2 49.0 40.6 53.6 56.6 63.4 64.8 56.7 69.4 63.9 62.6 24.4 Q 656 Q 621 545 473 642 592 664 799 895 885 547 526 517 536 444 587 620 694 710 621 760 700 686 267 Q 559 Q 568 489 424 568 511 556 648 730 710 494 468 463 484 399 516 532 582 600 531 639 618 581 274 Q 1,648 Q 1,094 1,003 1,266 1,459 1,330 1,743 2,382 2,368 2,591 1,075 1,104 1,123 1,202 901 1,445 1,661 1,776 1,719 1,534 1,909 1,989 1,691 1,010 Q 4,829 Q 3,827 3,928 4,597 5,540 4,832 4,774 5,512 5,163 5,681 4,122 4,285 4,291 4,386 4,794 5,309 4,721 4,938 4,626 4,671 5,401 4,837 5,017 2,522 Q 4,641 Q 3,730 3,773 4,314 5,270 4,646 4,608 5,410 4,971 5,467 3,925 4,055 4,079 4,185 4,600 5,040 4,551 4,777 4,459 4,481 5,218 4,744 4,826 2,423 Q .082 Q .148 .138 .081 .079 .092 .080 .061 .073 .060 .123 .111 .107 .102 .103 .077 .079 .079 .089 .087 .074 .073 .081 .105 Q 7.0 Q 13.6 12.4 7.3 7.0 8.0 6.7 4.9 6.0 4.8 11.2 9.9 9.6 9.2 9.2 6.7 6.8 6.6 7.6 7.4 6.2 6.4 6.8 10.8 Q 5.4 NF 20.5 13.3 10.0 12.3 10.4 8.7 9.0 12.2 13.8 10.5 10.1 9.3 8.7 17.2 8.0 8.7 10.5 9.2 6.2 6.9 12.7 5.3 14.2 NF Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................ Age of Householder Under 25 Years ....................... 25 to 34 Years ......................... 35 to 44 Years ......................... 45 to 59 Years ......................... 60 Years and Over ................. Education of Householder Less than 13 Years ................ 13 to 16 Years ......................... 17 Years or More .................... Race of Householder White ......................................... Black ......................................... Other 5 ....................................... See footnotes at end of table. 96 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.19. Liquefied Petroleum Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Main Space Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Consumption Heated Floorspace (square feet) Annual Heating Degree-Days Liquefied Petroleum Gas Space-Heating Intensity Consumption (gallons/ HDD*1000 square feet) Expenditures (cents/ HDD*1000 square feet) RSE Row Factors Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (gallons) Expenditures (dollars) 1993 30-Year Average 2 RSE Column Factors: 1.9 1.0 1 1.0 1 0.9 1 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1 1.1 1 Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes ............................................ No .............................................. Household Size 1 Person ................................... 2 Persons ................................. 3 Persons ................................. 4 Persons ................................. 5 Persons ................................. 6 or More Persons .................. Main Heating Equipment Using LPG Central Warm-Air Furnace ..................................... Room Heater/Other ................ Age of Main Heating Equipment Less than 5 Years ................... 5 to 9 Years ............................. 10 to 19 Years ......................... 20 Years or More .................... Don ’t Know .............................. Secondary Heating Fuel (more than one may apply) No .............................................. Yes ............................................ Wood ...................................... Electricity ............................... Kerosene ............................... Other ...................................... Average LPG Expenditures for Main Space Heat (dollars per gallon) Less than .75 ........................... 1.00 or More ............................ 0.2 4.4 .8 1.8 .8 .6 .4 .2 34.7 61.1 56.4 61.4 58.8 60.0 65.3 54.1 380 669 617 673 644 657 715 592 358 569 531 579 552 571 562 480 1,363 1,653 1,107 1,777 1,659 1,661 1,909 2,019 3,196 4,921 4,458 4,685 4,699 5,530 5,458 5,178 3,180 4,729 4,299 4,537 4,500 5,265 5,232 4,947 0.087 .082 .125 .081 .083 .071 .069 .057 8.2 7.0 10.8 7.0 7.1 6.2 5.4 4.6 21.4 5.2 10.2 8.4 9.5 9.2 9.9 23.1 2.9 1.7 66.6 48.2 730 528 615 462 1,806 1,348 5,491 3,708 5,284 3,562 .074 .106 6.2 9.2 5.0 11.6 1.7 1.1 .8 .7 .2 60.3 55.1 65.9 65.2 43.8 660 604 721 714 479 563 510 615 598 460 1,747 1,656 1,507 1,675 1,128 4,923 5,204 4,547 4,481 4,693 4,706 5,037 4,382 4,332 4,484 .077 .070 .105 .095 .091 6.5 5.9 9.0 8.0 8.7 7.0 8.0 8.8 12.9 15.1 1.9 2.7 .7 1.0 .3 .3 58.5 61.1 65.5 51.9 61.2 85.8 641 669 717 569 670 940 549 568 626 493 539 810 1,782 1,538 2,420 1,599 1,640 2,340 4,762 4,911 5,345 4,462 4,994 4,589 4,566 4,735 5,119 4,272 4,839 4,364 .075 .089 .055 .080 .082 .087 6.5 7.5 4.8 6.9 6.6 7.5 6.6 6.4 9.0 8.4 12.5 16.0 .8 1.1 1.6 1.8 1.3 86.2 33.9 58.4 61.5 59.8 944 371 640 673 655 608 431 535 568 579 2,096 1,229 1,903 1,663 1,285 6,888 3,064 4,918 5,090 4,418 6,508 3,034 4,754 4,901 4,214 .065 .099 .068 .080 .115 4.2 11.4 5.7 6.7 10.2 10.0 8.5 9.0 7.3 8.3 Adequacy of Insulation Well Insulated .......................... Adequately Insulated .............. Poorly Insulated ....................... 1 2 This factor is underestimated because it contains no error for estimating this end use. The 30-year average and climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. 3 Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. NF = No applicable RSE row factor. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A-D of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 97 Table 5.20. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for All Air Conditioning and Central Air Conditioning, U.S. Households, 1993 Electricity Used for All Air Conditioning Electricity Used for Central Air Conditioning 2 per Household Consumption Total Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Annual Cooling Degree-Days Electric AirConditioning Intensity Characteristics Households (million) Households (million) (million Btu) (kWh) Expenditures (dollars) Cooled Floorspace (square feet) 1993 30-Year Average 3 ConExsumppendtion itures (kWh/ (cents/ CDD*1000 CDD*1000 square square RSE feet) feet) Row 1 1 RSE Column Factors: 1.0 1.4 1 1.4 1 1.4 0.9 1 0.9 1 1.0 1 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Factors Total U.S. Households ............ 63.9 0.46 11.30 41.0 9.1 2,667 222 2,058 1,691 1,598 0.77 6.4 2.2 Census Region and Division Northeast .................................. New England ......................... Middle Atlantic ...................... Midwest .................................... East North Central ............... West North Central .............. South ......................................... South Atlantic ........................ East South Central ............... West South Central .............. West .......................................... Mountain ................................ Pacific ..................................... Largest Populated States California .................................. Florida ....................................... New York .................................. Texas ........................................ Urban Status Urban ........................................ Central City ............................ Suburban ............................... Rural .......................................... Climate Zone 3 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ............. Under 4,000 HDD ................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD ................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................ Detached ............................... Attached ................................ Mobile Home ............................ Multifamily ................................ 2 to 4 Units ........................... 5 or More Units .................... See footnotes at end of table. 10.9 2.1 8.8 16.4 10.8 5.6 29.4 15.0 5.3 9.2 7.1 2.1 5.1 .04 .01 .03 .08 .05 .03 .31 .14 .05 .11 .03 .01 .02 1.39 .23 1.15 1.90 1.25 .64 7.11 3.45 .97 2.69 .91 .36 .55 3.8 .6 3.2 10.5 6.7 3.8 21.5 11.1 3.4 6.9 5.1 1.7 3.5 6.3 6.7 6.2 6.0 5.8 6.4 12.0 10.9 11.7 13.9 5.5 7.9 4.3 1,848 1,951 1,829 1,772 1,713 1,875 3,509 3,186 3,439 4,063 1,597 2,310 1,259 218 209 220 143 146 139 277 262 216 331 162 212 138 2,508 2,746 2,465 2,372 2,379 2,360 1,883 1,895 2,080 1,765 1,811 1,634 1,895 896 730 927 851 817 910 2,261 2,283 1,793 2,457 1,624 2,816 1,059 690 521 721 873 800 1,002 2,117 2,071 1,671 2,412 1,587 2,690 1,063 .82 .97 .80 .88 .88 .87 .82 .74 .92 .94 .54 .50 .63 9.7 10.4 9.6 7.1 7.5 6.5 6.5 6.1 5.8 7.6 5.5 4.6 6.9 6.5 11.9 7.3 4.4 5.6 6.3 2.7 4.1 5.0 4.7 7.4 11.1 8.9 4.4 5.1 3.9 5.8 .02 .06 .01 .07 .53 1.44 .50 1.65 3.2 4.4 1.1 4.4 4.3 12.4 5.9 13.9 1,273 3,634 1,732 4,062 146 302 248 330 1,824 1,798 2,610 1,838 1,134 3,145 806 2,608 1,135 3,072 633 2,564 .62 .64 .82 .85 7.0 5.3 11.8 6.9 8.7 5.1 15.1 6.6 50.2 18.9 31.3 13.7 .36 .13 .24 .10 9.16 3.18 5.98 2.14 33.5 11.4 22.1 7.4 9.1 8.9 9.2 9.1 2,666 2,595 2,703 2,673 227 218 232 201 2,040 1,651 2,240 2,137 1,737 1,995 1,604 1,488 1,628 1,884 1,497 1,461 .75 .79 .75 .84 6.4 6.6 6.5 6.3 2.6 4.1 2.9 4.1 4.0 15.4 16.0 10.3 18.1 .01 .06 .10 .08 .21 .26 1.66 2.57 1.84 4.98 2.2 8.7 9.0 6.8 14.2 4.0 5.6 8.4 8.8 12.6 1,162 1,650 2,448 2,587 3,702 87 143 210 213 305 2,727 2,239 2,333 1,874 1,756 456 815 1,292 1,630 2,702 564 780 1,134 1,467 2,615 .94 .90 .81 .85 .78 7.0 7.8 7.0 7.0 6.4 12.7 7.3 6.4 8.1 4.3 45.1 39.9 5.2 3.7 15.1 3.9 11.2 .36 .33 .04 .03 .06 .02 .04 8.85 7.90 .95 .82 1.63 .43 1.20 30.4 26.5 3.8 2.3 8.3 1.3 7.0 10.0 10.2 8.7 11.2 5.3 6.6 5.1 2,923 2,975 2,562 3,287 1,567 1,921 1,501 242 245 220 267 139 176 132 2,429 2,514 1,836 1,090 968 1,176 930 1,629 1,618 1,706 1,697 1,917 1,874 1,925 1,544 1,539 1,576 1,656 1,778 1,776 1,779 .74 .73 .82 1.78 .84 .87 .84 6.1 6.0 7.0 14.4 7.5 8.0 7.4 2.7 2.8 8.1 7.8 5.9 9.9 6.7 98 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.20. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for All Air Conditioning and Central Air Conditioning, U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Electricity Used for All Air Conditioning Electricity Used for Central Air Conditioning 2 per Household Annual Cooling Degree-Days Electric AirConditioning Intensity Consumption Total Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Characteristics Households (million) Households (million) (million Btu) (kWh) Expenditures (dollars) Cooled Floorspace (square feet) 1993 30-Year Average 3 ConExsumppendtion itures (kWh/ (cents/ CDD*1000 CDD*1000 square square RSE feet) feet) Row 0.8 1 0.8 1 RSE Column Factors: 1.0 1.4 1 1.4 1 1.4 0.9 1 0.9 1 1.0 1 0.7 0.8 0.8 Factors Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 .................... 1,000 to 1,999 ......................... 2,000 to 2,999 ......................... 3,000 or More .......................... Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 ........................................ 3 to 5 ........................................ 6 to 8 ........................................ 9 or More ................................. Ownership of Unit Owned ...................................... Rented ...................................... Public Housing ...................... Not Public Housing ............... Rent Subsidy ..................... No Rent Subsidy .............. Year of Construction 1939 or Before ........................ 1940 to 1949 ........................... 1950 to 1959 ........................... 1960 to 1969 ........................... 1970 to 1979 ........................... 1980 to 1984 ........................... 1985 to 1987 ........................... 1988 to 1990 ........................... 1991 to 1993 4 .......................... Electric Air-Conditioning Paid by Household Yes ............................................ No .............................................. 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 .................... $5,000 to $9,999 ..................... $10,000 to $14,999 ................. $15,000 to $19,999 ................. $20,000 to $24,999 ................. $25,000 to $34,999 ................. $35,000 to $49,999 ................. $50,000 to $74,999 ................. $75,000 or More ...................... See footnotes at end of table. 17.1 27.4 12.8 6.6 0.08 .20 .11 .07 2.03 5.03 2.60 1.64 8.2 18.3 9.3 5.1 6.1 9.1 10.2 11.9 1,797 2,670 2,991 3,475 151 222 247 293 835 1,674 2,684 4,267 1,888 1,808 1,530 1,250 1,765 1,718 1,446 1,174 1.14 .88 .73 .65 9.6 7.3 6.0 5.5 4.5 2.9 3.8 6.2 1.6 30.3 27.7 4.3 44.2 19.7 2.2 17.5 1.1 16.4 9.9 3.8 8.4 10.5 12.4 6.7 4.7 3.8 3.8 (*) .17 .23 .05 .36 .10 .01 .09 (*) .09 .04 .02 .06 .07 .10 .06 .04 .03 .03 .13 4.23 5.69 1.25 8.78 2.52 .18 2.35 .11 2.24 1.10 .50 1.53 1.84 2.32 1.45 1.04 .77 .74 .5 17.9 19.0 3.5 30.1 10.8 1.0 9.8 .5 9.3 2.5 1.5 4.6 6.7 8.8 5.7 4.1 3.4 3.6 5.1 7.0 10.4 13.0 10.0 6.6 4.0 6.8 5.2 6.9 8.1 6.8 8.7 9.1 9.5 9.9 9.8 8.9 8.6 1,484 2,065 3,062 3,806 2,932 1,930 1,177 2,005 1,527 2,031 2,384 1,988 2,548 2,657 2,784 2,887 2,867 2,596 2,526 118 173 252 330 243 164 97 171 129 173 197 166 236 223 224 239 240 213 205 627 1,330 2,491 3,670 2,381 1,158 739 1,200 985 1,212 2,473 1,989 2,208 2,112 1,900 1,805 1,985 2,159 2,281 2,393 1,792 1,637 1,366 1,629 1,866 1,849 1,868 1,425 1,892 1,198 1,287 1,591 1,587 1,796 1,952 1,870 1,635 1,710 2,232 1,693 1,547 1,286 1,545 1,744 1,704 1,748 1,254 1,774 1,169 1,195 1,488 1,499 1,706 1,844 1,743 1,537 1,626 .99 .87 .75 .76 .76 .89 .86 .89 1.09 .89 .80 .78 .73 .79 .82 .82 .77 .74 .65 7.9 7.3 6.2 6.6 6.3 7.6 7.1 7.6 9.2 7.5 6.6 6.5 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.8 6.5 6.0 5.3 14.9 3.6 3.1 7.5 2.5 4.6 14.0 4.7 15.7 4.9 7.3 9.0 6.2 5.1 4.5 5.2 7.6 6.1 8.6 62.6 1.3 2.4 6.1 6.3 6.0 5.5 9.7 12.4 9.0 6.5 .45 .01 .01 .03 .03 .04 .04 .07 .10 .08 .07 11.15 .15 .33 .68 .74 .91 .88 1.73 2.37 1.93 1.74 39.6 1.3 1.1 2.7 3.1 3.3 3.4 6.7 8.4 7.1 5.2 9.2 4.8 6.7 6.6 6.0 7.8 7.7 9.1 9.8 10.2 11.9 2,709 1,420 1,963 1,934 1,763 2,296 2,257 2,653 2,863 3,002 3,483 226 115 168 157 149 191 190 218 233 245 309 2,094 978 1,098 1,228 1,475 1,641 1,664 1,918 2,181 2,449 3,007 1,689 1,760 1,974 1,851 1,790 1,772 1,683 1,684 1,731 1,604 1,511 1,597 1,632 1,829 1,750 1,679 1,687 1,614 1,592 1,652 1,511 1,392 .77 .82 .91 .85 .67 .79 .81 .82 .76 .76 .77 6.4 6.7 7.7 6.9 5.7 6.6 6.8 6.8 6.2 6.2 6.8 2.3 14.5 11.7 7.7 5.7 5.9 5.5 4.5 3.8 4.4 6.2 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 99 Table 5.20. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for All Air Conditioning and Central Air Conditioning, U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Electricity Used for All Air Conditioning Electricity Used for Central Air Conditioning 2 per Household Annual Cooling Degree-Days Electric AirConditioning Intensity ConExsumppendtion itures (kWh/ (cents/ CDD*1000 CDD*1000 square square RSE feet) feet) Row 0.8 1 0.8 1 Consumption Total Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Characteristics Households (million) Households (million) (million Btu) (kWh) Expenditures (dollars) Cooled Floorspace (square feet) 1993 30-Year Average 3 RSE Column Factors: 1.0 1.4 1 1.4 1 1.4 0.9 1 0.9 1 1.0 1 0.7 0.8 0.8 Factors Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................. ............................. ............................. 7.8 11.0 14.4 17.6 3.2 13.3 14.2 14.7 18.5 32.5 23.2 8.2 54.4 6.7 2.8 0.04 .06 .08 .09 .02 .09 .12 .13 .10 .21 .18 .07 .40 .04 .02 1.00 1.38 1.92 2.26 .49 2.21 2.86 3.12 2.62 4.99 4.60 1.71 9.79 1.09 .42 3.2 4.5 6.4 8.0 2.2 8.6 9.6 9.3 11.2 17.8 17.0 6.1 35.8 3.5 1.7 7.0 6.8 7.4 7.0 7.2 8.3 10.2 11.0 7.5 8.4 9.5 10.0 9.2 8.8 7.7 2,043 1,986 2,161 2,043 2,125 2,443 3,000 3,226 2,195 2,464 2,787 2,923 2,696 2,579 2,242 171 167 179 171 176 205 247 268 186 201 236 250 225 211 199 1,200 1,282 1,355 1,415 1,166 1,725 2,186 2,384 2,109 1,831 2,158 2,439 2,149 1,395 1,494 1,933 1,810 1,881 1,826 1,973 1,740 1,673 1,640 1,656 1,644 1,726 1,732 1,661 1,916 1,879 1,827 1,709 1,771 1,712 1,844 1,638 1,571 1,540 1,588 1,559 1,631 1,620 1,575 1,732 1,800 0.88 .86 .85 .79 .92 .81 .82 .83 .63 .82 .75 .69 .76 .96 .80 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.6 7.6 6.8 6.7 6.9 5.3 6.7 6.3 5.9 6.3 7.9 7.1 6.7 5.7 5.4 5.0 9.0 3.7 3.4 3.8 4.7 2.9 2.9 5.2 2.3 6.4 10.3 Eligible for Federal Assistance 5 ................................ Age of Householder Under 25 Years ....................... 25 to 34 Years ......................... 35 to 44 Years ......................... 45 to 59 Years ......................... 60 Years and Over ................. Education of Householder Less than 13 Years ................ 13 to 16 Years ......................... 17 Years or More .................... Race of Householder White ......................................... Black ......................................... Other 6 ....................................... Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes ............................................ No .............................................. Household Size 1 Person ................................... 2 Persons ................................. 3 Persons ................................. 4 Persons ................................. 5 Persons ................................. 6 or More Persons .................. Cooling Degree-Days (CDD)-1993 2,000 or More .......................... 1,000 to 1,999 ......................... 500 to 999 ................................ Fewer than 500 ....................... Average Electricity Expenditures (cents per kWh) Less than 6 .............................. 6 to Less than 9 ...................... 9 or More ................................. See footnotes at end of table. 4.3 59.6 14.9 21.8 11.1 9.9 4.2 1.9 .03 .43 .07 .15 .09 .08 .04 .02 .72 10.58 1.78 3.77 2.23 2.08 .96 .48 2.5 38.4 8.9 14.5 7.1 6.6 2.8 1.1 8.6 9.1 6.1 8.8 10.3 10.8 11.2 13.8 2,507 2,678 1,791 2,579 3,032 3,153 3,283 4,043 219 223 153 212 252 263 274 350 1,732 2,079 1,471 2,132 2,050 2,395 2,527 2,624 2,040 1,669 1,729 1,667 1,769 1,632 1,600 1,795 1,934 1,576 1,631 1,569 1,669 1,557 1,515 1,712 .71 .77 .70 .73 .84 .81 .81 .86 6.2 6.4 6.0 6.0 6.9 6.7 6.8 7.4 8.4 2.5 4.1 3.2 3.9 3.8 5.9 10.9 17.0 24.4 17.4 5.0 .20 .18 .07 .01 4.84 4.30 1.89 .28 13.5 16.0 8.5 3.0 13.0 8.8 5.5 3.2 3,815 2,578 1,620 927 314 210 152 75 1,726 2,070 2,398 2,531 2,852 1,455 764 342 2,722 1,323 714 498 .77 .86 .88 1.07 6.4 7.0 8.3 8.6 4.3 5.0 5.6 7.5 5.1 33.2 25.6 .04 .29 .13 .64 6.60 4.06 3.4 23.0 14.5 9.9 10.4 6.8 2,890 3,062 1,991 158 237 215 2,372 2,057 1,987 1,235 1,865 1,524 1,182 1,772 1,418 .99 .80 .66 5.4 6.2 7.1 9.2 3.6 4.7 100 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.20. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for All Air Conditioning and Central Air Conditioning, U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Electricity Used for All Air Conditioning Electricity Used for Central Air Conditioning 2 per Household Consumption Total Consumption (quadrillion Btu) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Annual Cooling Degree-Days Electric AirConditioning Intensity Characteristics Households (million) Households (million) (million Btu) (kWh) Expenditures (dollars) Cooled Floorspace (square feet) 1993 30-Year Average 3 ConExsumppendtion itures (kWh/ (cents/ CDD*1000 CDD*1000 square square RSE feet) feet) Row 0.8 1 1 RSE Column Factors: 1.0 1.4 1 1.4 1 1.4 0.9 1 0.9 1 1.0 1 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 Factors Number of Rooms Air Conditioned 1 to 3 ........................................ 4 to 6 ........................................ 7 or More ................................. Frequency of Use of Air Conditioning 7 Only a Few Times ................... Quite a Bit ................................ All Summer ............................... Age of Air Conditioning Equipment 7 Less than 5 Years ................... 5 to 9 Years ............................. 10 or More Years .................... Don ’t Know .............................. 1 2 18.5 31.1 14.4 0.05 Q .17 1.40 5.77 4.13 4.1 23.7 13.2 4.5 8.3 11.9 1,327 2,439 3,487 114 202 292 753 1,730 3,044 1,923 1,732 1,547 1,793 1,647 1,450 0.92 .81 .74 7.9 6.7 6.2 4.8 3.0 3.8 25.3 14.7 23.8 .07 .10 .28 1.95 2.62 6.72 12.8 8.9 19.3 3.9 8.1 13.0 1,154 2,369 3,809 104 208 308 2,020 2,085 2,070 1,295 1,517 2,035 1,246 1,414 1,916 .44 .75 .90 4.0 6.6 7.3 3.2 3.9 2.7 18.8 17.4 19.6 7.2 .13 .13 .15 .05 3.19 3.20 3.68 1.12 11.7 10.4 13.3 4.7 8.6 10.0 9.6 8.0 2,506 2,932 2,800 2,354 209 242 236 195 2,223 2,208 2,156 1,224 1,655 1,703 1,628 1,971 1,564 1,603 1,548 1,855 .68 .78 .80 .98 5.7 6.4 6.7 8.1 3.7 4.1 3.9 5.9 This factor is underestimated because it contains no error for estimating this end use. An estimated 1.7 million households have a central air conditioner and one or more room air conditioners. These households are included only under central air conditioners and not included under room air conditioners. 3 The 30-year average and climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. 4 Does not include all new construction for 1993. 5 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 6 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. 7 If a household has both a central and room air conditioner then the usage and age of the equipment is presented only for the central unit. (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • This table reflects only those households that used their air conditioning equipment. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C, and E of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 101 Table 5.21. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for Room Air Conditioning, per U.S. Household, 1993 Consumption House holds (million) Cooled Floorspace (square feet) Annual Cooling Degree-Days Electric AirConditioning Intensity Consumption (kWh/ CDD*1000 square feet) Expenditures (cents/ CDD*1000 square feet) RSE Row Factors 3.6 5.0 8.2 5.9 5.1 6.7 5.2 4.9 7.7 6.4 8.4 9.9 22.9 11.2 11.9 15.7 5.4 12.1 4.5 6.2 5.7 5.6 Characteristics (million Btu) (kWh) Expenditures (dollars) 1993 30-Year Average 2 RSE Column Factors: 1.3 22.9 7.1 1.5 5.6 5.9 4.1 1.8 7.9 3.8 1.8 2.3 2.0 .4 1.6 1.2 .8 2.8 1.4 16.6 7.5 9.1 6.2 1.1 1 3.6 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.7 2.7 2.7 6.3 5.7 6.5 7.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 6.3 1.8 6.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 4.5 1.1 1 1,067 624 606 629 783 783 785 1,838 1,683 1,904 2,044 417 406 420 443 1,841 518 1,843 969 962 975 1,328 1.1 1 95 78 69 80 66 68 60 146 140 125 172 41 33 43 49 159 81 152 92 93 91 103 0.9 954 909 911 908 1,092 1,132 1,001 945 880 1,075 950 749 674 769 765 720 736 854 908 788 1,007 1,075 0.8 1,296 951 770 1,000 775 768 792 2,083 2,061 1,731 2,397 928 846 951 1,030 3,651 1,042 2,589 1,314 1,448 1,204 1,247 0.9 1,186 748 556 800 783 729 906 1,931 1,810 1,626 2,370 974 988 971 1,033 3,433 861 2,568 1,171 1,295 1,069 1,226 0.9 1 0.86 .72 .86 .69 .93 .90 .99 .93 .93 1.02 .90 .60 .71 .57 .56 .70 .67 .83 .81 .84 .80 .99 1.0 1 Total U.S. Households ............ 7.7 9.0 9.9 8.8 7.8 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.7 6.7 7.6 5.9 5.7 5.9 6.2 6.0 10.6 6.9 7.7 8.2 7.5 7.7 Census Region and Division Northeast .................................. New England ......................... Middle Atlantic ...................... Midwest .................................... East North Central ............... West North Central .............. South ......................................... South Atlantic ........................ East South Central ............... West South Central .............. West .......................................... Mountain ................................ Pacific ..................................... Largest Populated States California .................................. Florida ....................................... New York .................................. Texas ........................................ Urban Status Urban ........................................ Central City ............................ Suburban ............................... Rural .......................................... Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ............. Under 4,000 HDD ................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD ................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................ Detached ............................... Attached ................................ Mobile Home ............................ Multifamily ................................ 2 to 4 Units ........................... 5 or More Units .................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 .................... 1,000 to 1,999 ......................... 2,000 to 2,999 ......................... 3,000 or More .......................... Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 ........................................ 3 to 5 ........................................ 6 to 8 ........................................ 9 or More ................................. See footnotes at end of table. 1.8 6.7 7.0 3.5 3.8 14.7 13.3 1.4 1.5 6.8 2.6 4.2 1.5 2.3 3.3 4.7 6.7 4.0 4.2 2.6 6.4 2.2 2.5 2.0 438 661 981 1,372 1,959 1,187 1,229 770 1,885 633 723 577 34 62 97 113 162 101 104 78 150 69 77 65 1,093 946 1,036 846 851 1,129 1,169 739 649 640 752 571 420 754 1,162 1,601 2,632 1,334 1,334 1,325 1,297 1,214 1,329 1,143 509 661 1,004 1,462 2,515 1,232 1,245 1,096 1,209 1,083 1,168 1,030 .95 .93 .82 1.01 .88 .79 .79 .79 2.24 .81 .72 .88 7.4 8.6 8.0 8.3 7.3 6.7 6.6 8.0 17.8 8.9 7.7 9.9 11.0 5.3 5.5 8.8 6.8 4.2 4.4 11.4 8.2 5.8 8.4 7.1 8.9 9.1 3.4 1.5 3.3 4.1 3.2 3.8 975 1,202 926 1,122 88 105 87 96 556 1,018 1,315 2,124 1,470 1,299 967 996 1,339 1,211 869 858 1.19 .91 .73 .53 10.8 7.9 6.9 4.5 5.0 4.5 5.6 10.2 1.1 12.4 8.6 .8 2.0 3.5 4.0 4.8 584 1,018 1,164 1,403 64 91 102 121 448 776 1,194 1,758 1,304 1,333 1,247 1,236 1,162 1,223 1,140 1,147 1.00 .98 .78 .65 10.9 8.8 6.9 5.5 9.6 4.1 4.6 14.8 102 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.21. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for Room Air Conditioning, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Consumption House holds (million) Cooled Floorspace (square feet) Annual Cooling Degree-Days Electric AirConditioning Intensity Consumption (kWh/ CDD*1000 square feet) Expenditures (cents/ CDD*1000 square feet) RSE Row Factors Characteristics (million Btu) (kWh) Expenditures (dollars) 1993 30-Year Average 2 RSE Column Factors: 1.3 1.1 1 1.1 1 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 1 1.0 1 Ownership of Unit Owned ...................................... Rented ...................................... Public Housing ...................... Not Public Housing ............... Rent Subsidy ..................... No Rent Subsidy .............. Year of Construction 1939 or Before ........................ 1940 to 1949 ........................... 1950 to 1959 ........................... 1960 to 1969 ........................... 1970 to 1979 ........................... 1980 to 1984 ........................... 1985 to 1987 ........................... 1988 to 1990 ........................... 1991 to 1993 3 .......................... Electric Air-Conditioning Paid by Household Yes ............................................ No .............................................. 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 .................... $5,000 to $9,999 ..................... $10,000 to $14,999 ................. $15,000 to $19,999 ................. $20,000 to $24,999 ................. $25,000 to $34,999 ................. $35,000 to $49,999 ................. $50,000 to $74,999 ................. $75,000 or More ...................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................. ............................. ............................. 14.0 8.9 1.2 7.6 .6 7.0 7.3 2.3 3.7 3.8 3.5 1.0 .5 .4 .2 4.0 3.0 2.6 3.1 2.3 3.2 3.0 4.3 4.4 3.5 3.7 3.7 4.1 4.5 2.9 1,180 890 762 911 686 930 889 1,261 1,283 1,027 1,091 1,079 1,192 1,308 835 102 85 65 88 69 89 82 111 115 92 95 92 98 103 63 1,151 644 495 668 603 674 1,056 977 970 859 862 926 927 791 662 1,242 1,380 1,446 1,369 1,289 1,376 1,137 1,458 1,451 1,402 1,210 1,343 1,527 1,045 1,470 1,149 1,244 1,268 1,240 1,183 1,245 1,047 1,322 1,315 1,246 1,152 1,241 1,402 928 1,432 0.83 1.00 1.07 .99 .88 1.00 .74 .89 .91 .85 1.05 .87 .84 1.58 Q 7.1 9.5 9.1 9.6 8.9 9.6 6.8 7.8 8.2 7.6 9.1 7.4 6.9 12.5 Q 3.9 5.4 10.0 5.8 16.8 6.0 5.5 7.7 7.3 7.6 7.8 11.7 16.4 16.0 27.6 21.4 1.5 1.3 3.4 3.2 2.7 2.1 2.9 4.0 2.0 1.3 4.7 6.4 8.0 9.6 1.0 4.7 4.5 5.3 7.3 14.6 6.2 2.1 18.6 3.2 1.1 3.7 2.5 4.0 3.1 3.5 4.1 4.3 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.7 4.0 4.4 2.8 3.8 3.4 3.1 3.6 4.2 2.7 1,089 747 1,162 898 1,021 1,203 1,263 1,010 1,085 1,054 1,017 1,107 1,107 1,130 1,061 1,070 1,081 1,166 1,299 827 1,119 1,002 896 1,057 1,221 788 97 70 107 78 87 101 108 89 101 98 103 97 96 97 92 93 98 106 113 73 96 94 88 93 108 81 985 501 624 708 809 1,002 888 1,002 1,147 1,162 1,297 671 718 744 779 685 791 969 1,111 971 883 1,057 1,149 1,021 665 646 1,287 1,424 1,576 1,414 1,463 1,463 1,320 1,154 1,131 1,036 1,117 1,581 1,541 1,535 1,454 1,418 1,307 1,349 1,282 1,250 1,382 1,141 1,152 1,218 1,710 1,420 1,183 1,234 1,421 1,328 1,363 1,345 1,226 1,061 1,010 913 977 1,467 1,437 1,430 1,346 1,329 1,203 1,211 1,179 1,146 1,271 1,042 1,016 1,116 1,540 1,349 .86 1.05 1.18 .90 .86 .82 1.08 .87 .84 .88 .70 1.04 1.00 .99 .94 1.10 1.05 .89 .91 .68 .92 .83 .68 .85 1.07 .86 7.6 9.8 10.9 7.7 7.4 6.9 9.2 7.7 7.8 8.2 7.1 9.1 8.7 8.5 8.1 9.6 9.5 8.1 7.9 6.0 7.9 7.8 6.7 7.5 9.5 8.9 3.9 8.9 8.2 6.7 6.4 9.2 8.2 6.6 7.1 7.4 11.8 5.1 4.8 4.5 4.3 11.4 6.0 6.4 5.6 5.0 4.0 5.3 9.1 4.0 6.2 12.5 Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................ Age of Householder Under 25 Years ....................... 25 to 34 Years ......................... 35 to 44 Years ......................... 45 to 59 Years ......................... 60 Years and Over ................. Education of Householder Less than 13 Years ................ 13 to 16 Years ......................... 17 Years or More .................... Race of Householder White ......................................... Black ......................................... Other 5 ....................................... See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 103 Table 5.21. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for Room Air Conditioning, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Consumption House holds (million) Cooled Floorspace (square feet) Annual Cooling Degree-Days Electric AirConditioning Intensity Consumption (kWh/ CDD*1000 square feet) Expenditures (cents/ CDD*1000 square feet) RSE Row Factors Characteristics (million Btu) (kWh) Expenditures (dollars) 1993 30-Year Average 2 RSE Column Factors: 1.3 1.1 1 1.1 1 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 1 1.0 1 Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes ............................................ No .............................................. Household Size 1 Person ................................... 2 Persons ................................. 3 Persons ................................. 4 Persons ................................. 5 Persons ................................. 6 or More Persons .................. Cooling Degree-Days (CDD)-1993 2,000 or More .......................... 1,000 to 1,999 ......................... 500 to 999 ................................ Fewer than 500 ....................... Average Electricity Expenditures (cents per kWh) Less than 6 .............................. 6 to Less than 9 ...................... 9 or More ................................. Number of Rooms Air Conditioned 1 Room ..................................... 2 Rooms ................................... 3 or More ................................. Frequency of Use of Air Conditioning Only a Few Times ................... Quite a Bit ................................ All Summer ............................... Age of Air Conditioning Equipment Less than 5 Years ................... 5 to 9 Years ............................. 10 or More Years .................... Don ’t Know .............................. Number of Room Air Conditioners 1 ................................................ 2 ................................................ 3 or More ................................. 1 2 3 1.8 21.1 6.0 7.3 4.0 3.3 1.4 .8 3.4 3.7 2.7 3.6 4.4 4.0 5.2 4.0 996 1,073 780 1,045 1,278 1,171 1,515 1,167 96 95 71 93 112 106 127 106 695 976 783 1,017 1,059 988 1,014 895 1,873 1,247 1,273 1,317 1,306 1,208 1,442 1,333 1,740 1,140 1,169 1,208 1,170 1,103 1,356 1,248 0.77 .88 .78 .78 .92 .98 1.04 .98 7.4 7.8 7.1 7.0 8.1 8.9 8.7 8.8 12.2 3.4 5.6 4.8 7.1 7.3 9.0 13.0 3.5 8.4 8.9 2.1 7.0 4.2 2.4 1.1 2,056 1,220 707 322 170 110 67 27 826 937 1,011 993 2,798 1,453 782 327 2,637 1,296 680 458 .89 .90 .89 .99 7.4 8.1 8.5 8.2 6.8 4.7 4.8 7.3 1.6 10.1 11.1 3.9 4.9 2.4 1,143 1,448 708 63 112 84 909 1,081 844 950 1,492 1,168 960 1,403 1,022 1.32 .90 .72 7.3 7.0 8.5 11.2 5.3 4.8 4.8 5.4 12.7 1.5 2.5 5.0 436 718 1,456 44 69 125 308 606 1,348 1,176 1,274 1,351 1,039 1,155 1,255 1.21 .93 .80 12.3 8.9 6.9 4.3 4.1 4.3 12.5 5.8 4.6 1.8 4.9 7.2 524 1,430 2,097 50 132 172 920 978 1,016 1,107 1,385 1,702 1,016 1,257 1,562 .51 1.06 1.21 4.9 9.8 9.9 3.9 4.7 5.6 7.1 6.9 6.3 2.5 4.1 3.7 3.3 3.0 1,189 1,092 980 875 105 98 87 79 908 1,023 1,039 679 1,420 1,276 1,158 1,348 1,282 1,166 1,075 1,249 .92 .84 .81 .96 8.2 7.5 7.2 8.6 5.6 5.0 5.5 8.1 14.8 6.0 2.1 3.0 4.2 6.2 894 1,237 1,820 79 110 164 763 1,163 1,718 1,239 1,363 1,512 1,141 1,237 1,362 .95 .78 .70 8.4 7.0 6.3 3.5 6.3 7.8 This factor is underestimated because it contains no error for estimating this end use. The 30-year average and climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • This table reflects only those households that used their air conditioning equipment. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C, and E of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). 104 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.22. Total Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Water Heating in U.S. Households, 1993 Electricity Total Consumed Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Households (million) Natural Gas Total Consumed (quadrillion Btu) (billion cubic feet) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) RSE Row Factors 3.5 11.7 21.6 14.5 7.8 8.3 15.6 5.4 6.2 19.1 10.5 5.5 12.4 5.9 8.0 9.5 32.5 16.0 4.0 6.6 4.9 8.9 Characteristics (billion kWh) RSE Column Factors: Total U.S. Households ............ 1.0 37.3 4.6 1.4 3.1 6.9 4.2 2.7 19.4 12.1 3.9 3.3 6.5 1.9 4.6 1.5 4.9 1.1 2.3 24.9 8.6 16.3 12.5 1.1 1 0.34 .04 .01 .03 .07 .04 .03 .17 .10 .04 .03 .06 .02 .04 .01 .03 .01 .02 .21 .07 .15 .12 1.1 1 99 13 4 9 21 12 8 49 28 11 9 17 5 12 3 9 3 6 62 20 43 37 1.1 1 7.58 1.31 .44 .86 1.54 .94 .60 3.67 2.27 .70 .70 1.07 .36 .71 .27 .78 .35 .47 4.91 1.54 3.37 2.68 0.9 51.5 10.1 1.9 8.3 15.4 11.7 3.7 12.7 4.4 1.8 6.5 13.3 3.2 10.1 9.4 .4 3.8 3.9 45.5 20.1 25.4 6.0 0.9 1 1.31 .26 .05 .21 .43 .33 .10 .33 .11 .05 .17 .30 .08 .22 .19 .01 .10 .10 1.15 .51 .64 .16 0.9 1 1,276 252 46 206 418 323 95 317 107 47 163 290 79 210 189 7 97 94 1,122 496 627 154 0.9 1 8.08 2.04 .41 1.64 2.31 1.79 .52 2.01 .81 .27 .93 1.72 .41 1.31 1.19 .07 .84 .54 7.21 3.27 3.94 .88 Census Region and Division Northeast .................................. New England ......................... Middle Atlantic ...................... Midwest .................................... East North Central ............... West North Central .............. South ......................................... South Atlantic ........................ East South Central ............... West South Central .............. West .......................................... Mountain ................................ Pacific ..................................... Largest Populated States California .................................. Florida ....................................... New York .................................. Texas ........................................ Urban Status Urban ........................................ Central City ............................ Suburban ............................... Rural .......................................... Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ............. Under 4,000 HDD ................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD ................. Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 ........................................ 3 to 5 ........................................ 6 to 8 ........................................ 9 or More ................................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................ Detached ............................... Attached ................................ Mobile Home ............................ Multifamily ................................ 2 to 4 Units ........................... 5 or More Units .................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 .................... 1,000 to 1,999 ......................... 2,000 to 2,999 ......................... 3,000 or More .......................... See footnotes at end of table. 3.8 7.5 8.8 6.3 10.9 .04 .08 .08 .05 .08 12 23 25 15 24 .91 1.75 1.76 1.19 1.97 3.8 16.8 10.6 11.1 9.4 .10 .46 .28 .25 .22 98 447 273 245 213 .54 2.72 1.95 1.56 1.30 22.1 13.1 10.8 13.2 8.5 1.0 20.4 14.3 1.6 24.5 21.8 2.6 4.0 8.9 2.5 6.3 .01 .17 .15 .02 .24 .22 .02 .04 .06 .02 .04 2 49 43 5 70 64 6 11 18 5 13 .13 3.78 3.27 .40 5.26 4.76 .50 .88 1.45 .43 1.02 1.8 23.3 22.7 3.7 37.1 32.7 4.4 1.1 13.3 4.9 8.4 .03 .54 .62 .12 .97 .86 .11 .03 .32 .13 .18 29 528 605 114 944 837 107 26 307 130 177 .21 3.38 3.78 .72 5.86 5.14 .72 .15 2.07 .89 1.19 16.7 4.8 4.9 11.7 4.0 4.4 13.1 15.1 7.6 12.3 9.5 12.5 15.4 6.4 3.0 .09 .14 .07 .03 28 42 19 10 2.17 3.18 1.48 .75 14.4 21.8 10.0 5.3 .31 .55 .28 .16 304 539 275 158 2.00 3.39 1.73 .96 5.4 4.9 6.2 9.1 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 105 Table 5.22. Total Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Water Heating in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Electricity Total Consumed Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Households (million) Natural Gas Total Consumed (quadrillion Btu) (billion cubic feet) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) RSE Row Factors Characteristics (billion kWh) RSE Column Factors: Ownership of Unit Owned ...................................... Rented ...................................... Public Housing ...................... Not Public Housing ............... Rent Subsidy ..................... No Rent Subsidy .............. Year of Construction 1939 or Before ........................ 1940 to 1949 ........................... 1950 to 1959 ........................... 1960 to 1969 ........................... 1970 to 1979 ........................... 1980 to 1984 ........................... 1985 to 1987 ........................... 1988 to 1990 ........................... 1991 to 1993 2 .......................... Electric Water-Heating Paid by Household Natural Gas Water-Heating Paid by Household 1.0 1.1 1 1.1 1 1.1 1 0.9 0.9 1 0.9 1 0.9 1 24.8 12.5 1.4 11.1 .6 10.6 5.2 2.1 3.6 4.9 9.3 4.5 2.9 2.7 2.1 0.23 .10 .01 .09 (*) .09 .05 .02 .03 .04 .09 .04 .03 .03 .02 69 30 3 27 1 26 14 6 9 12 25 12 8 8 5 5.22 2.36 .23 2.13 .09 2.04 1.13 .41 .74 .93 1.87 .93 .60 .59 .39 33.1 18.4 1.8 16.6 1.2 15.4 12.4 4.2 8.3 9.1 7.6 3.7 2.3 1.8 2.1 0.86 .45 .04 .41 .03 .38 .32 .10 .21 .22 .20 .09 .06 .05 .06 841 436 41 395 28 367 307 99 205 217 190 92 61 49 56 5.25 2.83 .26 2.57 .19 2.38 2.01 .65 1.32 1.34 1.14 .57 .39 .30 .36 4.1 5.4 18.3 5.7 16.5 5.9 7.9 10.2 8.1 7.9 7.0 8.5 12.2 11.6 16.1 .................. 35.3 .33 95 7.27 -- -- -- -- 3.4 .................. -1.6 4.0 4.3 4.2 3.7 6.2 6.7 4.4 2.4 5.4 7.5 9.8 11.9 2.6 7.7 8.1 8.3 10.6 20.1 13.5 3.8 -.01 .03 .03 .04 .03 .06 .07 .05 .03 .05 .07 .09 .10 .02 .08 .09 .09 .06 .19 .12 .03 -4 8 10 10 9 17 19 14 7 14 20 26 30 7 22 26 25 18 54 36 9 -.28 .64 .79 .79 .70 1.25 1.51 1.05 .58 1.10 1.54 2.03 2.36 .52 1.73 2.01 1.89 1.43 4.14 2.75 .69 42.0 2.1 5.5 6.0 4.9 4.3 6.7 9.4 7.2 5.3 7.6 10.0 12.7 16.0 2.8 11.0 11.5 11.5 14.6 26.5 18.0 7.0 1.09 .05 .12 .14 .11 .10 .17 .25 .21 .16 .20 .26 .32 .39 .07 .30 .33 .32 .29 .66 .47 .18 1,061 49 116 134 112 97 165 247 200 156 191 250 314 383 71 297 319 309 282 647 453 176 6.67 .33 .73 .85 .69 .61 1.03 1.57 1.26 1.01 1.22 1.60 2.00 2.45 .44 1.87 2.04 1.94 1.80 4.07 2.88 1.13 4.2 13.0 8.4 7.4 8.6 7.6 6.3 6.1 6.7 9.9 7.2 6.2 5.4 5.0 12.4 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.7 4.5 4.5 7.5 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 .................... $5,000 to $9,999 ..................... $10,000 to $14,999 ................. $15,000 to $19,999 ................. $20,000 to $24,999 ................. $25,000 to $34,999 ................. $35,000 to $49,999 ................. $50,000 to $74,999 ................. $75,000 or More ...................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................. ............................. ............................. Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................ Age of Householder Under 25 Years ....................... 25 to 34 Years ......................... 35 to 44 Years ......................... 45 to 59 Years ......................... 60 Years and Over ................. Education of Householder Less than 13 Years ................ 13 to 16 Years ......................... 17 Years or More .................... See footnotes at end of table. 106 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.22. Total Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Water Heating in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Electricity Natural Gas Total Consumed Total Consumed Characteristics Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion kWh) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion cubic feet) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 1.0 1.1 1 1.1 1 1.1 1 0.9 0.9 1 0.9 1 0.9 1 Race of Householder White ......................................... Black ......................................... Other 5 ....................................... Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes ............................................ No .............................................. Household Size 1 Person ................................... 2 Persons ................................. 3 Persons ................................. 4 Persons ................................. 5 Persons ................................. 6 or More Persons .................. 1 2 32.4 3.3 1.6 0.29 .03 .01 86 9 4 6.55 .71 .33 41.1 6.9 3.5 1.02 .21 .09 989 203 84 6.19 1.32 .57 4.1 9.1 10.2 2.0 35.3 .02 .32 5 94 .42 7.16 5.0 46.5 .13 1.19 122 1,154 .82 7.27 11.1 3.7 9.3 13.2 6.2 5.0 2.6 1.0 .04 .11 .07 .07 .04 .02 12 32 20 19 11 5 .98 2.41 1.51 1.47 .83 .38 12.2 16.2 9.0 8.5 3.6 2.1 .20 .37 .26 .28 .12 .08 190 359 256 270 121 81 1.21 2.27 1.64 1.70 .76 .51 5.1 4.9 6.0 5.4 8.3 12.3 This factor is underestimated because it contains no error for estimating this end use. Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. 3 Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed. -- = Not applicable. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C, E, and F of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 107 Table 5.23. Total Fuel Oil and LPG Consumption and Expenditures for Water Heating in U.S. Households, 1993 Fuel Oil Total Consumed Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Households (million) Liquefied Petroleum Gas Total Consumed (quadrillion Btu) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) RSE Row Factors 10.7 16.5 19.7 24.9 18.5 20.2 29.5 15.4 23.5 28.4 25.1 31.1 NF 35.4 36.7 NF 19.6 28.8 12.2 20.6 13.8 18.6 Characteristics (billion gallons) (billion gallons) RSE Column Factors: Total U.S. Households ............ 0.8 4.6 4.4 1.5 2.8 Q Q Q Q Q NC NC Q NC Q Q Q 1.8 NC 4.2 1.6 2.5 .5 0.8 1 0.12 .12 .04 .08 Q Q Q Q Q NC NC Q NC Q Q NC .05 NC .11 .04 .07 .01 0.8 1 0.87 .84 .29 .55 Q Q Q Q Q NC NC Q NC Q Q NC .36 NC .78 .29 .50 .09 0.9 1 0.73 .70 .26 .45 Q Q Q Q Q NC NC Q NC Q Q NC .28 NC .65 .21 .45 .08 1.2 2.9 .4 .2 .2 1.0 .4 .6 1.1 .4 .2 .4 .4 Q .2 .2 Q Q Q 1.1 .2 .9 1.8 1.2 1 0.05 .01 (*) (*) .02 .01 .01 .02 .01 (*) .01 .01 Q (*) (*) Q Q (*) .02 (*) .02 .03 1.2 1 0.59 .08 .05 .04 .24 .12 .12 .19 .08 .04 .06 .08 Q .03 .03 Q Q .03 .23 .03 .20 .36 1.2 1 0.58 .11 .06 .05 .20 .10 .10 .19 .10 .04 .05 .08 Q .04 .04 Q Q .03 .25 .04 .21 .33 Census Region and Division Northeast .................................. New England ......................... Middle Atlantic ...................... Midwest .................................... East North Central ............... West North Central .............. South ......................................... South Atlantic ........................ East South Central ............... West South Central .............. West .......................................... Mountain ................................ Pacific ..................................... Largest Populated States California .................................. Florida ....................................... New York .................................. Texas ........................................ Urban Status Urban ........................................ Central City ............................ Suburban ............................... Rural .......................................... Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ............. Under 4,000 HDD ................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD ................. Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 ........................................ 3 to 5 ........................................ 6 to 8 ........................................ 9 or More ................................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................ Detached ............................... Attached ................................ Mobile Home ............................ Multifamily ................................ 2 to 4 Units ........................... 5 or More Units .................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 .................... 1,000 to 1,999 ......................... 2,000 to 2,999 ......................... 3,000 or More .......................... See footnotes at end of table. .6 1.6 2.5 Q Q .02 .04 .06 Q NC .11 .29 .47 Q NC .10 .26 .38 Q NC .6 .6 .5 .4 .8 .01 .02 Q .01 .01 .11 .17 Q .08 .13 .11 .15 .11 .08 .13 35.2 20.2 22.8 28.1 23.3 .3 2.1 1.9 .4 2.7 2.5 .2 Q 1.9 .6 1.3 .01 .05 .05 .01 .07 .07 .01 Q .05 .02 .03 .04 .38 .36 .09 .53 .49 .04 Q .34 .11 .23 .04 .29 .33 .08 .49 .45 .04 Q .24 .10 .14 Q 1.4 1.3 .1 2.4 2.3 Q .4 .1 Q Q Q .02 .03 (*) .04 .04 Q .01 (*) Q Q Q .26 .29 .04 .48 .47 Q .09 .02 Q Q Q .26 .29 .04 .47 .47 Q .08 .03 Q Q 23.9 14.7 12.4 29.7 12.7 12.8 20.9 23.4 25.0 36.5 13.3 1.3 1.6 1.0 .7 .03 .04 .03 .02 .21 .31 .21 .15 .15 .27 .19 .13 .8 1.3 .4 .3 .01 .02 .01 .01 .15 .26 .09 .08 .15 .26 .09 .08 12.9 14.9 16.9 19.6 108 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.23. Total Fuel Oil and LPG Consumption and Expenditures for Water Heating in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Fuel Oil Total Consumed Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Households (million) Liquefied Petroleum Gas Total Consumed (quadrillion Btu) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) RSE Row Factors Characteristics (billion gallons) (billion gallons) RSE Column Factors: Ownership of Unit Owned ...................................... Rented ...................................... Public Housing ...................... Not Public Housing ............... Rent Subsidy ..................... No Rent Subsidy .............. Year of Construction 1939 or Before ........................ 1940 to 1949 ........................... 1950 to 1959 ........................... 1960 to 1969 ........................... 1970 to 1979 ........................... 1980 to 1984 ........................... 1985 to 1987 ........................... 1988 to 1990 ........................... 1991 to 1993 3 .......................... Fuel Oil Paid by Household .................. 0.8 0.8 1 0.8 1 0.9 1 1.2 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 2.9 1.8 .2 1.6 .2 1.4 1.7 .4 .9 .6 .6 .1 .1 .1 .1 2.9 -.2 .5 .5 .3 .4 .7 1.0 .8 .4 .7 .8 1.0 1.4 .2 .7 1.2 1.1 1.4 2.5 1.5 .6 3.9 .4 .3 0.08 .04 (*) .04 (*) .03 .04 .01 .02 .01 .02 (*) (*) (*) (*) .08 -(*) .01 .01 .01 .01 .02 .03 .02 .01 .01 .02 .03 .03 .01 .02 .03 .03 .03 .06 .04 .02 .10 .01 .01 0.56 .31 .03 .28 .03 .25 .31 .07 .17 .10 .13 .02 .03 .02 .02 .57 -.02 .06 .07 .06 .07 .13 .19 .16 .10 .11 .14 .18 .23 .04 .16 .25 .22 .21 .46 .29 .12 .73 .08 .06 0.51 .22 .02 .21 .02 .18 .25 .06 .15 .08 .11 .02 .02 .02 .02 .52 -.02 .05 .06 .05 .05 .11 .16 .14 .10 .08 .10 .14 .18 .03 .13 .21 .19 .18 .37 .25 .11 .63 .06 .04 2.4 .5 Q .5 Q .5 .9 .2 .3 .4 .5 .2 .2 .1 .2 -2.8 .1 .4 .3 .2 .4 .5 .4 .2 .2 .5 .8 1.0 1.1 Q .5 .5 .9 .9 2.1 .6 .1 2.6 .2 Q 0.04 .01 Q .01 Q .01 .02 (*) (*) .01 .01 (*) (*) (*) (*) -.05 (*) .01 .01 (*) .01 .01 .01 .01 (*) .01 .01 .02 .02 Q .01 .01 .02 .01 .04 .01 (*) .05 (*) Q 0.48 .11 Q .11 Q .10 .19 .02 .05 .08 .10 .04 .04 .04 .04 -.57 .02 .07 .06 .05 .07 .11 .12 .06 .04 .09 .14 .18 .20 Q .10 .14 .19 .14 .43 .13 .03 .54 .04 Q 0.47 .11 Q .11 Q .11 .18 .02 .05 .09 .09 .03 .04 .04 .04 -.56 .02 .07 .06 .04 .07 .11 .11 .05 .04 .09 .14 .18 .20 Q .10 .14 .19 .14 .42 .13 .03 .53 .04 Q 11.8 14.4 40.7 15.2 23.5 16.5 16.8 29.6 20.4 22.1 18.5 37.2 28.6 32.7 37.9 16.0 15.3 27.8 29.0 17.3 28.7 23.4 17.7 15.1 18.3 22.2 15.7 17.9 18.1 16.3 35.8 22.2 16.0 14.7 18.4 12.6 13.0 24.3 12.0 20.6 19.4 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Paid by Household .................. 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 .................... $5,000 to $9,999 ..................... $10,000 to $14,999 ................. $15,000 to $19,999 ................. $20,000 to $24,999 ................. $25,000 to $34,999 ................. $35,000 to $49,999 ................. $50,000 to $74,999 ................. $75,000 or More ...................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................. ............................. ............................. Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................ Age of Householder Under 25 Years ....................... 25 to 34 Years ......................... 35 to 44 Years ......................... 45 to 59 Years ......................... 60 Years and Over ................. Education of Householder Less than 13 Years ................ 13 to 16 Years ......................... 17 Years or More .................... Race of Householder White ......................................... Black ......................................... Other 5 ....................................... See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 109 Table 5.23. Total Fuel Oil and LPG Consumption and Expenditures for Water Heating in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Fuel Oil Liquefied Petroleum Gas Total Consumed Total Consumed Characteristics Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) Total Expenditures (billion dollars) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 0.8 0.8 1 0.8 1 0.9 1 1.2 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes ............................................ No .............................................. Household Size 1 Person ................................... 2 Persons ................................. 3 Persons ................................. 4 Persons ................................. 5 Persons ................................. 6 or More Persons .................. 1 2 0.7 3.9 0.02 .10 0.14 .73 0.10 .63 Q 2.7 Q 0.05 Q 0.57 Q 0.56 14.0 11.0 1.2 1.3 .9 .7 .3 .3 .02 .03 .03 .02 .01 .01 .13 .22 .18 .17 .10 .07 .10 .19 .16 .15 .08 .06 .6 1.1 .5 .4 .2 .1 .01 .02 .01 .01 .01 (*) .07 .20 .10 .12 .07 .03 .07 .20 .11 .11 .06 .03 14.1 15.2 19.0 17.9 24.1 28.0 This factor is underestimated because it contains no error for estimating this end use. Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. 3 Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed. -- = Not applicable. NC = No cases in sample. NF = No applicable RSE row factor. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C, D, and G of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). 110 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.24. Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Main Water Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 Electricity Natural Gas Consumption Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (kWh) Expenditures (dollars) Electricity WaterHeating Intensity (kWh per household member) Consumption Households (million) (million Btu) (1000 cubic feet) Expenditures (dollars) Natural Gas WaterHeating Intensity (1000 cubic feet per household member) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 2.2 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 0.8 1 1.9 0.7 1 0.7 1 0.8 1 0.8 1 Total U.S. Households ............ 37.0 9.1 2,671 204 1,055 51.4 25.5 24.8 157 9.3 1.6 Census Region and Division Northeast .................................. New England ......................... Middle Atlantic ...................... Midwest .................................... East North Central ............... West North Central .............. South ......................................... South Atlantic ........................ East South Central ............... West South Central .............. West .......................................... Mountain ................................ Pacific ..................................... Largest Populated States California .................................. Florida ....................................... New York .................................. Texas ........................................ Urban Status Urban ........................................ Central City ............................ Suburban ............................... Rural .......................................... Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ............. Under 4,000 HDD ................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD ................. Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 ........................................ 3 to 5 ........................................ 6 to 8 ........................................ 9 or More ................................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................ Detached ............................... Attached ................................ Mobile Home ............................ Multifamily ................................ 2 to 4 Units ........................... 5 or More Units .................... See footnotes at end of table. 4.5 1.4 3.1 6.9 4.2 2.7 19.2 12.1 3.9 3.2 6.4 1.9 4.5 9.8 9.9 9.7 10.2 10.1 10.4 8.6 8.0 9.9 9.4 8.9 9.3 8.8 2,859 2,907 2,839 2,988 2,957 3,035 2,532 2,349 2,909 2,754 2,618 2,732 2,568 290 323 276 224 225 222 190 188 178 214 166 184 158 1,094 1,092 1,094 1,202 1,188 1,224 997 932 1,120 1,087 1,047 1,025 1,057 10.1 1.9 8.3 15.4 11.7 3.7 12.7 4.4 1.8 6.5 13.3 3.2 10.1 25.6 25.4 25.6 28.0 28.4 26.7 25.7 25.0 26.8 25.8 22.2 25.4 21.2 24.9 24.7 24.9 27.2 27.6 26.0 25.0 24.3 26.1 25.1 21.6 24.7 20.7 201 217 197 151 153 142 159 184 152 144 128 128 129 9.7 9.9 9.6 10.5 10.6 10.2 9.3 9.4 10.0 9.1 7.7 9.7 7.1 3.4 4.6 4.3 3.0 3.8 3.9 2.9 3.4 7.5 5.8 3.2 6.1 3.8 1.5 4.9 1.1 2.2 6.9 6.6 9.6 9.0 2,008 1,927 2,822 2,646 186 160 328 207 748 750 1,046 1,047 9.4 .4 3.8 3.9 20.5 18.5 26.2 24.6 20.0 18.0 25.4 23.9 126 168 220 137 6.9 6.3 9.8 8.6 5.6 5.9 7.6 7.6 24.7 8.5 16.2 12.3 8.6 7.9 9.0 10.1 2,527 2,303 2,644 2,960 199 180 208 216 1,019 976 1,040 1,123 45.5 20.1 25.4 6.0 25.3 25.3 25.3 26.5 24.6 24.6 24.7 25.8 158 162 155 147 9.2 9.4 9.1 10.0 1.8 3.3 2.4 3.8 3.7 7.4 8.8 6.3 10.8 11.0 10.4 9.6 8.4 7.7 3,219 3,041 2,805 2,449 2,247 242 235 200 190 182 1,207 1,210 1,130 1,001 869 3.8 16.8 10.5 11.0 9.4 26.9 27.4 26.6 22.7 23.4 26.1 26.6 25.9 22.1 22.8 143 162 185 141 139 10.3 10.5 9.7 7.7 8.5 4.8 3.5 3.7 4.6 3.9 1.0 20.4 14.0 1.6 5.6 8.2 10.5 10.9 1,641 2,393 3,088 3,194 136 185 232 248 1,166 1,055 1,056 1,022 1.8 23.2 22.7 3.7 16.3 23.3 27.3 32.0 15.9 22.7 26.6 31.1 113 145 166 196 11.2 9.9 8.8 8.9 7.2 2.4 2.1 5.8 24.1 21.5 2.6 4.0 8.8 2.5 6.3 9.9 10.1 8.2 9.5 6.9 7.1 6.8 2,892 2,951 2,415 2,787 2,015 2,087 1,986 217 220 192 218 163 171 161 1,071 1,075 1,036 1,031 1,012 933 1,049 37.0 32.6 4.4 1.1 13.3 4.9 8.4 26.1 26.3 24.9 23.6 23.7 27.3 21.6 25.4 25.6 24.2 22.9 23.0 26.5 21.0 158 157 163 130 156 182 141 8.9 8.9 9.0 9.3 10.6 10.6 10.5 1.8 1.9 6.0 6.8 3.8 5.9 4.6 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 111 Table 5.24. Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Main Water Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Electricity Consumption Expenditures (dollars) Electricity WaterHeating Intensity (kWh per household member) Natural Gas Consumption Expenditures (dollars) Natural Gas WaterHeating Intensity (1000 cubic feet per household member) RSE Row Factors Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (kWh) Households (million) (million Btu) (1000 cubic feet) RSE Column Factors: Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 .................... 1,000 to 1,999 ......................... 2,000 to 2,999 ......................... 3,000 or More .......................... Ownership of Unit Owned ...................................... Rented ...................................... Public Housing ...................... Not Public Housing ............... Rent Subsidy ..................... No Rent Subsidy .............. Year of Construction 1939 or Before ........................ 1940 to 1949 ........................... 1950 to 1959 ........................... 1960 to 1969 ........................... 1970 to 1979 ........................... 1980 to 1984 ........................... 1985 to 1987 ........................... 1988 to 1990 ........................... 1991 to 1993 3 .......................... Electric Water-Heating Paid by Household Yes ............................................ No .............................................. Natural Gas Water-Heating Paid by Household Yes ............................................ No .............................................. 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 .................... $5,000 to $9,999 ..................... $10,000 to $14,999 ................. $15,000 to $19,999 ................. $20,000 to $24,999 ................. $25,000 to $34,999 ................. $35,000 to $49,999 ................. $50,000 to $74,999 ................. $75,000 or More ...................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................. ............................. ............................. 2.2 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 0.8 1 1.9 0.7 1 0.7 1 0.8 1 0.8 1 12.5 15.3 6.3 2.9 24.5 12.5 1.4 11.1 .6 10.6 5.2 2.0 3.6 4.8 9.3 4.5 2.9 2.7 2.1 7.6 9.4 10.5 11.4 9.6 8.3 7.2 8.4 6.9 8.5 9.4 9.8 9.1 8.3 9.2 9.0 8.9 10.0 8.5 2,216 2,749 3,077 3,330 2,800 2,418 2,123 2,454 2,013 2,478 2,755 2,882 2,660 2,445 2,695 2,652 2,595 2,936 2,504 174 208 233 256 212 189 168 191 157 193 217 200 207 191 201 206 206 223 187 1,042 1,032 1,070 1,185 1,057 1,051 980 1,059 957 1,064 1,105 1,134 1,004 1,055 1,092 1,040 965 1,036 985 14.3 21.8 10.0 5.3 33.0 18.4 1.8 16.6 1.2 15.4 12.4 4.2 8.3 9.1 7.6 3.7 2.3 1.8 2.1 21.7 25.3 28.4 30.4 26.1 24.3 23.0 24.4 24.0 24.5 25.4 24.2 25.3 24.4 25.8 25.8 27.1 28.3 26.9 21.2 24.6 27.6 29.6 25.4 23.6 22.4 23.8 23.4 23.8 24.7 23.6 24.7 23.8 25.1 25.1 26.4 27.6 26.2 139 155 173 181 159 153 143 155 157 154 162 154 159 146 150 157 167 171 168 10.0 8.9 9.2 9.4 9.2 9.5 10.2 9.4 9.6 9.4 9.7 9.3 8.6 9.7 9.2 8.7 9.1 9.1 9.6 2.9 2.2 3.0 3.8 1.9 2.9 11.6 3.1 10.6 3.2 4.0 4.9 4.1 4.0 3.5 4.4 5.6 5.4 7.2 35.0 2.0 9.3 6.3 2,718 1,860 207 153 1,060 953 --- --- --- --- --- 1.6 7.3 --1.6 4.0 4.3 4.1 3.7 6.1 6.6 4.4 2.3 5.4 7.5 9.8 11.8 --8.0 6.9 8.0 8.6 8.7 9.3 10.0 10.9 10.8 9.0 9.1 9.1 8.7 --2,339 2,030 2,355 2,523 2,537 2,722 2,932 3,202 3,172 2,639 2,654 2,680 2,561 --182 160 184 191 190 205 227 238 247 205 206 208 199 --1,071 1,113 1,000 998 1,078 1,060 1,047 1,089 1,074 977 983 989 978 41.9 9.5 2.1 5.5 6.0 4.9 4.3 6.7 9.3 7.2 5.3 7.6 10.0 12.6 16.0 26.0 23.2 24.3 21.5 22.9 23.3 23.1 25.2 27.1 28.5 30.2 25.8 25.6 25.5 24.6 25.3 22.6 23.6 20.9 22.2 22.7 22.5 24.5 26.3 27.7 29.4 25.1 25.0 24.8 23.9 159 148 156 133 142 141 140 152 167 175 191 161 160 158 153 9.1 10.6 9.4 10.5 9.3 9.8 9.7 9.2 9.0 8.6 9.4 8.5 8.6 8.8 9.1 1.8 3.8 6.7 4.9 4.6 4.1 3.8 3.3 2.8 3.1 4.7 4.1 3.4 3.2 2.7 Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................ See footnotes at end of table. 112 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.24. Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Main Water Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Electricity Consumption Expenditures (dollars) Electricity WaterHeating Intensity (kWh per household member) Natural Gas Consumption Expenditures (dollars) Natural Gas WaterHeating Intensity (1000 cubic feet per household member) RSE Row Factors Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (kWh) Households (million) (million Btu) (1000 cubic feet) RSE Column Factors: Age of Householder Under 25 Years ....................... 25 to 34 Years ......................... 35 to 44 Years ......................... 45 to 59 Years ......................... 60 Years and Over ................. Education of Householder Less than 13 Years ................ 13 to 16 Years ......................... 17 Years or More .................... Race of Householder White ......................................... Black ......................................... Other 5 ....................................... Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes ............................................ No .............................................. Household Size 1 Person ................................... 2 Persons ................................. 3 Persons ................................. 4 Persons ................................. 5 Persons ................................. 6 or More Persons .................. Average Electricity Expenditures (cents per kWh) Less than 6 .............................. 6 to Less than 9 ...................... 9 or More ................................. Average Natural Gas Expenditures (dollars per 1000 cf) Less than 4.50 ......................... 4.50 to Less than 6 ................ 6 or More ................................. Water Heater Used For One Housing Unit ............. For Two or More Units ........... Age of Water Heater (for one housing unit) Less than 5 Years ................... 5 to 9 Years ............................. 10 to 19 Years ......................... 20 Years or More .................... Don’t Know/No Separate Unit .......................................... See footnotes at end of table. 2.2 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 0.8 1 1.9 0.7 1 0.7 1 0.8 1 0.8 1 2.6 7.7 8.1 8.2 10.5 19.9 13.3 3.8 32.1 3.3 1.6 9.1 10.0 11.1 10.5 6.0 9.3 9.2 7.8 9.1 9.1 8.6 2,662 2,916 3,241 3,065 1,750 2,721 2,709 2,275 2,679 2,666 2,529 202 225 249 230 136 208 206 184 203 215 206 1,137 1,000 1,003 1,190 1,015 1,043 1,082 1,029 1,073 1,028 818 2.8 11.0 11.5 11.5 14.6 26.5 18.0 7.0 41.0 6.9 3.5 26.2 27.7 28.4 27.5 19.8 25.0 25.8 26.0 24.7 30.4 24.4 25.5 26.9 27.6 26.7 19.2 24.4 25.1 25.3 24.0 29.6 23.7 158 169 177 168 123 153 159 163 151 192 159 9.4 8.8 8.2 10.1 10.4 9.1 9.5 9.4 9.3 10.6 6.8 5.3 2.8 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.0 2.3 3.5 1.7 4.4 5.7 2.0 35.0 9.2 13.0 6.1 5.0 2.6 1.0 8.9 9.1 4.6 8.3 10.9 13.2 14.2 16.3 2,605 2,675 1,335 2,439 3,208 3,865 4,167 4,776 213 204 106 184 246 296 315 366 822 1,072 1,335 1,219 1,069 966 833 711 5.0 46.4 12.2 16.1 9.0 8.5 3.6 2.1 25.0 25.5 15.9 22.8 29.3 32.7 34.6 40.2 24.3 24.8 15.5 22.2 28.5 31.8 33.6 39.1 162 156 99 140 183 200 211 246 7.4 9.6 15.5 11.1 9.5 8.0 6.7 5.7 5.4 1.6 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.5 3.5 5.2 6.7 21.1 9.2 11.3 9.3 7.1 3,304 2,730 2,075 169 207 223 1,294 1,052 877 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 2.3 2.1 3.3 ---35.7 1.3 ---9.2 6.2 ---2,703 1,824 ---206 153 ---1,060 904 2.3 20.7 28.4 44.0 7.5 32.1 26.7 24.0 25.9 23.1 31.2 26.0 23.4 25.1 22.5 127 138 173 158 150 11.5 9.9 8.7 9.1 11.0 3.0 2.4 2.4 1.7 6.4 10.2 8.6 8.6 3.0 5.1 9.5 9.4 9.3 8.2 8.8 2,796 2,758 2,712 2,406 2,586 213 212 203 189 199 1,071 1,029 1,062 1,086 1,076 13.4 11.6 9.6 3.6 5.9 26.3 26.5 26.1 22.0 25.6 25.6 25.8 25.4 21.4 24.9 160 164 156 137 156 9.1 8.9 9.1 9.6 9.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 5.1 4.4 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 113 Table 5.24. Electricity and Natural Gas Consumption and Expenditures for Main Water Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Electricity Natural Gas Consumption Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (kWh) Expenditures (dollars) Electricity WaterHeating Intensity (kWh per household member) Consumption Households (million) (million Btu) (1000 cubic feet) Expenditures (dollars) Natural Gas WaterHeating Intensity (1000 cubic feet per household member) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 2.2 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 0.8 1 1.9 0.7 1 0.7 1 0.8 1 0.8 1 Size of Water Heater (for one housing unit) 30 gallons or less .................... 31 to 49 gallons ...................... 50 gallons or more .................. Don’t Know/No Separate Unit .......................................... Clothes Washer Yes ............................................ No .............................................. Dishwasher Yes ............................................ No .............................................. Children Present in Household No .............................................. Yes ............................................ (more than one may apply) Under 13 Years .................... 13 to 18 Years ...................... 1 2 3 8.3 16.7 8.6 2.0 7.6 9.0 11.5 8.4 2,218 2,630 3,374 2,447 178 201 247 194 989 1,021 1,195 998 7.8 25.1 8.3 2.9 21.8 26.2 29.0 24.9 21.2 25.5 28.2 24.2 133 158 180 156 8.6 9.2 8.9 9.4 3.1 2.3 2.8 5.7 29.0 8.0 9.8 6.7 2,868 1,957 216 162 1,064 1,013 39.3 12.1 26.3 22.7 25.6 22.1 160 147 9.1 10.3 1.7 3.4 17.3 19.7 9.6 8.7 2,804 2,554 211 199 1,088 1,026 23.5 28.0 27.2 24.0 26.4 23.4 165 150 9.2 9.4 2.3 2.2 23.6 13.4 7.2 12.4 2,117 3,648 163 277 1,210 933 31.1 20.3 21.3 31.9 20.7 31.0 131 197 11.6 7.7 1.8 1.9 10.4 5.6 12.3 13.7 3,618 4,005 276 302 891 980 16.2 8.7 32.0 34.2 31.2 33.3 197 210 7.5 7.8 2.1 2.6 This factor is underestimated because it contains no error for estimating this end use. Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. -- = Not applicable. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C, E, and F of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). 114 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.25. Fuel Oil and LPG Consumption and Expenditures for Main Water Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 Fuel Oil Consumption Expenditures (dollars) Fuel Oil WaterHeating Intensity (gallons per household member) Liquefied Petroleum Gas Consumption Expenditures (dollars) LPG WaterHeating Intensity (gallons per household member) Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (gallons) Households (million) (million Btu) (gallons) RSE Column Factors: Total U.S. Households ........................ 1.6 4.6 4.3 1.5 2.8 Q Q Q Q Q NC NC Q NC Q Q Q 1.8 NC 4.1 1.6 2.5 .5 0.6 1 26.2 26.7 26.2 27.0 Q Q Q Q Q NC NC Q NC Q Q NC 27.7 NC 26.2 24.6 27.2 25.9 0.6 1 189 193 189 195 Q Q Q Q Q NC NC Q NC Q Q NC 200 NC 189 178 196 187 0.7 1 158 161 168 158 Q Q Q Q Q NC NC Q NC Q Q NC 155 NC 157 128 176 168 0.6 1 70 71 74 69 Q Q Q Q Q NC NC Q NC Q Q NC 71 NC 70 69 71 67 2.4 2.9 .4 .2 .2 1.0 .4 .6 1.1 .4 .2 .4 .4 Q .2 .2 Q Q Q 1.1 .2 .9 1.8 1.1 1 18.7 19.1 18.3 20.1 22.1 25.6 19.3 15.8 17.0 17.3 13.6 17.7 21.2 14.0 15.1 Q 20.3 Q 20.0 16.2 20.8 17.9 1.1 1 205 209 200 221 242 281 211 173 186 189 149 194 232 153 165 Q 222 Q 219 177 228 196 1.2 1 201 267 247 295 199 237 170 175 223 162 131 210 202 218 236 Q 282 Q 233 209 238 182 1.1 1 RSE Row Factors 4.6 6.1 8.5 9.6 8.0 14.1 6.0 8.4 10.0 6.6 27.2 11.3 11.5 17.6 17.1 NF 11.1 NF 6.0 9.0 7.3 8.1 78 87 92 81 86 94 79 65 64 69 63 81 88 71 73 Q 76 Q 78 85 77 77 Census Region and Division Northeast .............................................. New England ..................................... Middle Atlantic .................................. Midwest ................................................. East North Central ............................ West North Central ........................... South ..................................................... South Atlantic .................................... East South Central ........................... West South Central .......................... West ...................................................... Mountain ............................................ Pacific ................................................. Largest Populated States California ............................................... Florida ................................................... New York .............................................. Texas .................................................... Urban Status Urban .................................................... Central City ........................................ Suburban ............................................ Rural ...................................................... Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ............................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ......................... 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ......................... Under 4,000 HDD ............................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD ............................. Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 .................................................... 3 to 5 .................................................... 6 to 8 .................................................... 9 or More .............................................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ........................................ Detached ........................................... Attached ............................................. Mobile Home ........................................ Multifamily ............................................. 2 to 4 Units ....................................... 5 or More Units ................................. Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 ................................ 1,000 to 1,999 ..................................... 2,000 to 2,999 ..................................... 3,000 or More ...................................... See footnotes at end of table. .5 1.5 2.5 Q Q 27.8 25.6 26.4 Q NC 201 184 191 Q NC 175 164 153 Q NC 73 74 67 Q NC .6 .6 Q .4 .8 18.4 24.5 20.2 16.6 14.6 202 268 222 181 160 196 241 227 185 167 76 98 83 75 60 11.6 10.8 7.9 12.5 9.4 .3 2.0 1.8 .4 2.7 2.4 .2 Q 1.9 .6 1.3 21.5 25.5 26.6 31.0 27.4 27.4 27.3 Q 24.6 26.6 23.7 155 184 192 223 197 197 197 Q 177 192 171 122 140 175 204 181 182 174 Q 127 175 107 104 72 68 59 67 70 48 Q 74 73 74 Q 1.4 1.3 .1 2.4 2.3 Q .4 .1 Q Q Q 16.8 20.3 22.7 18.3 18.4 Q 20.9 19.6 Q Q Q 184 223 248 200 201 Q 229 215 Q Q Q 179 218 276 198 199 Q 203 262 Q Q Q 82 74 74 75 76 Q 82 118 Q Q 15.3 5.8 6.4 14.5 5.5 5.9 29.5 8.1 8.8 15.1 5.8 1.3 1.5 1.0 .7 22.2 27.1 28.4 28.4 160 195 205 205 111 168 187 187 74 69 73 61 .8 1.3 .4 .3 16.7 18.6 19.2 23.2 183 204 211 254 182 201 203 248 73 84 68 81 6.3 6.9 7.3 9.5 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 115 Table 5.25. Fuel Oil and LPG Consumption and Expenditures for Main Water Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Fuel Oil Consumption Expenditures (dollars) Fuel Oil WaterHeating Intensity (gallons per household member) Liquefied Petroleum Gas Consumption Expenditures (dollars) LPG WaterHeating Intensity (gallons per household member) Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (gallons) Households (million) (million Btu) (gallons) RSE Column Factors: Ownership of Unit Owned ................................................... Rented .................................................. Public Housing .................................. Not Public Housing ........................... Rent Subsidy ................................. No Rent Subsidy .......................... Year of Construction 1939 or Before .................................... 1940 to 1949 ....................................... 1950 to 1959 ....................................... 1960 to 1969 ....................................... 1970 to 1979 ....................................... 1993 to 1984 ....................................... 1985 to 1987 ....................................... 1988 to 1990 ....................................... 1991 to 1993 3 ...................................... Fuel Oil Paid by Household Yes ........................................................ No .......................................................... Liquefied Petroleum Gas Paid by Household Yes ........................................................ No .......................................................... 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 ................................. $5,000 to $9,999 ................................. $10,000 to $14,999 ............................. $15,000 to $19,999 ............................. $20,000 to $24,999 ............................. $25,000 to $34,999 ............................. $35,000 to $49,999 ............................. $50,000 to $74,999 ............................. $75,000 or More .................................. Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... 1.6 0.6 1 0.6 1 0.7 1 0.6 1 2.4 1.1 1 1.1 1 1.2 1 1.1 1 RSE Row Factors 2.8 1.8 .2 1.6 .2 1.4 1.7 .4 .9 .6 .6 .1 .1 .1 .1 27.5 24.1 22.1 24.3 22.3 24.6 24.7 23.1 27.7 24.4 27.1 34.5 39.9 26.9 35.6 198 174 160 176 161 178 178 166 200 176 195 249 287 194 256 179 126 96 129 119 131 142 139 173 147 168 214 255 175 235 69 70 82 69 75 69 68 68 73 66 75 59 74 68 65 2.4 .5 Q .5 Q .5 .9 .2 .3 .4 .5 .2 .2 .1 .2 18.5 19.8 Q 19.9 Q 19.6 19.4 13.0 14.7 19.2 18.7 16.3 21.3 24.0 21.9 202 217 Q 218 Q 215 213 143 161 210 205 178 233 263 240 197 219 Q 221 Q 220 205 143 160 235 190 169 228 271 217 79 72 Q 72 Q 72 92 83 50 82 73 67 79 81 79 5.1 7.3 21.0 7.6 38.3 10.1 9.3 13.5 9.8 9.9 10.3 18.5 13.8 15.4 14.3 2.9 1.6 27.0 24.6 195 177 179 121 67 76 --- --- --- --- --- 7.0 4.9 --.2 .5 .5 .3 .4 .7 1.0 .7 .4 .6 .8 1.0 1.3 .2 .7 1.2 1.1 1.3 2.5 1.5 .6 --19.8 19.0 21.5 26.8 25.0 27.7 27.1 28.6 33.1 22.8 23.8 24.6 23.7 20.9 31.6 28.5 27.4 21.3 25.6 26.6 27.5 --143 137 155 194 180 200 195 206 238 164 172 178 171 151 228 206 197 153 184 192 198 --107 104 119 158 134 168 169 184 216 121 124 131 130 117 181 177 170 129 148 168 177 --77 70 78 75 70 71 63 67 78 63 65 64 69 53 66 66 73 80 68 68 84 2.7 Q .1 .4 .3 .2 .4 .5 .4 .2 .2 .5 .8 1.0 1.1 Q .5 .5 .9 .9 2.1 .6 .1 18.7 Q 12.8 14.1 16.5 17.7 18.5 18.3 24.7 23.9 21.6 15.3 16.1 16.4 16.0 Q 20.6 24.7 19.8 13.7 18.5 19.0 20.7 204 Q 140 155 180 194 203 200 270 262 237 167 176 180 175 Q 226 270 217 150 203 208 227 201 Q 151 157 179 177 202 207 246 252 242 174 171 176 174 Q 221 275 210 148 198 208 223 77 Q 98 86 74 65 76 67 98 75 75 75 67 67 66 Q 65 71 93 80 77 76 97 9.4 NF 18.2 16.9 10.0 12.9 11.0 9.5 12.2 9.7 11.1 12.4 10.9 9.4 8.2 29.0 8.3 7.8 8.8 8.2 5.5 7.5 12.0 Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ............................................ Age of Householder Under 25 Years ................................... 25 to 34 Years ..................................... 35 to 44 Years ..................................... 45 to 59 Years ..................................... 60 Years and Over .............................. Education of Householder Less than 13 Years ............................. 13 to 16 Years ..................................... 17 Years or More ................................ See footnotes at end of table. 116 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.25. Fuel Oil and LPG Consumption and Expenditures for Main Water Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Fuel Oil Consumption Expenditures (dollars) Fuel Oil WaterHeating Intensity (gallons per household member) Liquefied Petroleum Gas Consumption Expenditures (dollars) LPG WaterHeating Intensity (gallons per household member) Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (gallons) Households (million) (million Btu) (gallons) RSE Column Factors: Race of Householder White ..................................................... Black ..................................................... Other 5 .................................................... Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes ........................................................ No .......................................................... Household Size 1 Person ............................................... 2 Persons ............................................. 3 Persons ............................................. 4 Persons ............................................. 5 Persons ............................................. 6 or More Persons .............................. Average Fuel Oil Expenditures (dollars per gallon) Less than 0.95 ..................................... 0.95 to Less than 1.10 ....................... 1.10 or More ........................................ Average LPG Expenditures (dollars per gallon) Less than 0.75 ..................................... 0.75 to Less than 1.00 ....................... 1.00 or More ........................................ Water Heater Used For One Housing Unit ......................... For Two or More Units ....................... Age of Water Heater (for one housing unit) Less than 5 Years ............................... 5 to 9 Years ......................................... 10 to 19 Years ..................................... 20 Years or More ................................ Don’t Know/No Separate Unit ....................................................... Size of Water Heater (for one housing unit) 30 gallons of less ................................ 31 to 49 gallons .................................. 50 gallons or more .............................. Don’t Know/No Separate Unit ....................................................... Clothes Washer Yes ........................................................ No .......................................................... Dishwasher Yes ........................................................ No .......................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 1.6 0.6 1 0.6 1 0.7 1 0.6 1 2.4 1.1 1 1.1 1 1.2 1 1.1 1 RSE Row Factors 3.9 .4 .3 25.8 27.6 28.9 186 199 208 160 146 148 70 76 58 2.6 .2 Q 19.0 14.5 Q 208 159 Q 203 175 Q 79 58 Q 5.0 11.6 11.3 .7 3.9 1.1 1.3 .9 .7 .3 .3 28.1 25.8 15.6 23.5 28.6 33.6 42.2 38.5 203 186 112 170 206 242 304 277 147 161 91 140 180 207 249 238 66 70 112 85 69 61 61 42 Q 2.7 .6 1.1 .5 .4 .2 .1 15.6 18.9 11.8 16.5 19.8 25.9 29.7 24.9 171 206 130 180 216 283 326 273 184 202 124 178 235 267 307 236 66 78 130 90 72 71 65 40 10.6 5.0 7.4 6.8 8.1 11.4 8.3 20.4 3.8 .6 .2 25.8 26.5 34.8 186 191 251 148 193 289 70 69 75 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 4.9 8.6 12.5 ---2.8 1.8 ---26.9 25.1 ---194 181 ---178 128 ---68 73 .4 1.5 1.0 2.7 Q 17.9 20.1 16.7 18.7 Q 195 221 183 204 Q 126 191 247 199 Q 79 77 78 76 Q 7.6 6.6 6.6 5.2 5.9 .5 .5 .5 .6 .7 27.1 27.7 27.0 24.6 28.2 196 200 195 178 203 180 187 178 162 184 59 67 67 75 71 1.0 .7 .6 .3 .2 18.2 17.6 21.1 18.3 17.3 200 193 231 201 190 197 191 220 186 197 70 72 92 89 67 10.3 9.8 11.6 11.5 10.5 .7 .8 .4 .9 3.2 1.3 1.8 2.8 25.4 26.8 29.1 27.2 27.5 22.9 29.3 24.2 183 193 210 196 199 165 211 174 165 177 193 182 174 119 190 138 75 61 65 71 68 74 72 68 .8 1.3 .5 .2 2.5 .4 .9 2.0 16.5 18.9 18.5 Q 19.4 14.6 23.7 16.4 Q 181 207 202 183 195 200 301 78 72 75 117 77 86 83 74 8.0 7.7 9.7 15.9 4.7 9.2 6.4 5.5 212 160 259 180 207 165 246 181 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 117 Table 5.25. Fuel Oil and LPG Consumption and Expenditures for Main Water Heating, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Fuel Oil Liquefied Petroleum Gas Consumption Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (gallons) Expenditures (dollars) Fuel Oil WaterHeating Intensity (gallons per household member) Consumption Households (million) (million Btu) (gallons) Expenditures (dollars) LPG WaterHeating Intensity (gallons per household member) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 1.6 0.6 1 0.6 1 0.7 1 0.6 1 2.4 1.1 1 1.1 1 1.2 1 1.1 1 Children Present in Household No .......................................................... Yes ........................................................ (more than one may apply) Under 13 Years ................................. 13 to 18 Years .................................. 1 2 2.9 1.7 1.3 .7 21.5 34.1 33.7 35.9 155 246 243 259 129 208 201 222 83 59 57 60 1.8 1.0 .8 .5 15.0 25.2 23.7 28.9 164 276 259 316 163 268 249 304 91 67 60 77 5.7 5.6 5.8 10.1 This factor is underestimated because it contains no error for estimating this end use. Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. 3 Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. -- = Not applicable. NC = No cases in sample. NF = No applicable RSE row factor. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C, D, and G of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). 118 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.26. Total Consumption and Expenditures for Appliances in U.S. Households, 1993 Electricity Natural Gas Liquefied Petroleum Gas Consumed (quadrillion Btu) Characteristics Households (million) (billion kWh) Expenditures (billion dollars) Consumed (quadrillion Btu) (billion cubic feet) Households (million) Expenditures (billion dollars) Consumed (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) Households (million) Expenditures (billion dollars) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 0.4 96.6 19.5 5.1 14.4 23.3 16.4 6.9 33.4 17.3 6.0 10.1 20.4 5.4 15.0 11.1 5.6 6.8 6.4 75.8 30.6 45.2 20.8 0.5 1 1.63 .27 .07 .20 .41 .29 .13 .64 .31 .12 .20 .31 .09 .21 .14 .10 .08 .13 1.22 .42 .80 .40 0.5 1 476 79 21 58 121 84 37 186 91 36 59 90 27 63 41 30 24 38 359 123 235 118 0.5 1 41.55 9.28 2.42 6.86 9.98 7.18 2.80 14.51 7.39 2.29 4.83 7.78 1.97 5.81 4.61 2.48 3.36 3.03 32.51 11.27 21.24 9.04 0.8 37.8 10.1 1.7 8.4 10.4 7.9 2.4 8.7 2.9 1.1 4.7 8.6 1.6 7.0 6.6 .3 4.5 2.8 33.9 16.2 17.8 3.8 0.9 1 0.29 .08 .01 .06 .08 .06 .02 .08 .02 .01 .04 .06 .01 .05 .04 (*) .03 .03 .26 .12 .14 .03 0.9 1 282 74 14 60 76 59 17 75 22 10 43 57 10 47 43 2 31 24 254 115 139 28 0.9 1 1.98 .73 .14 .59 .42 .33 .09 .47 .17 .05 .25 .36 .06 .30 .28 .02 .37 .15 1.82 .88 .94 .17 2.2 4.9 1.0 .4 .6 1.1 .5 .6 2.4 1.4 .5 .5 .4 .2 .2 .2 .7 .3 Q 2.2 .5 1.7 2.8 2.4 1 0.03 .01 (*) (*) .01 (*) (*) .01 .01 (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) .01 (*) Q .01 (*) .01 .02 2.4 1 0.32 .06 .02 .03 .08 .03 .05 .16 .10 .03 .03 .03 .01 .01 .01 .06 .02 Q .14 .03 .11 .18 2.4 1 Total U.S. Households ............ 0.42 .10 .04 .06 .07 .03 .04 .21 .16 .03 .02 .04 .02 .02 .02 .09 .03 Q .20 .04 .16 .21 3.9 8.3 14.1 10.4 8.7 10.7 13.4 7.0 11.3 13.6 12.8 8.3 15.4 9.4 10.0 14.9 14.9 10.6 4.7 6.2 5.7 9.9 Census Region and Division Northeast .................................. New England ......................... Middle Atlantic ...................... Midwest .................................... East North Central ............... West North Central .............. South ......................................... South Atlantic ........................ East South Central ............... West South Central .............. West .......................................... Mountain ................................ Pacific ..................................... Largest Populated States California .................................. Florida ....................................... New York .................................. Texas ........................................ Urban Status Urban ........................................ Central City ............................ Suburban ............................... Rural .......................................... Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ............. Under 4,000 HDD ................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD ................. Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 ........................................ 3 to 5 ........................................ 6 to 8 ........................................ 9 or More ................................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................ Detached ............................... Attached ................................ Mobile Home ............................ Multifamily ................................ 2 to 4 Units ........................... 5 or More Units .................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 .................... 1,000 to 1,999 ......................... 2,000 to 2,999 ......................... 3,000 or More .......................... See footnotes at end of table. 8.7 26.5 22.4 17.8 21.2 .16 .44 .36 .27 .39 47 129 107 79 115 3.66 11.38 9.53 7.33 9.64 2.1 12.2 9.2 7.3 7.0 .01 .09 .07 .05 .06 14 91 67 50 59 .08 .59 .62 .33 .37 .8 .9 .9 .7 1.7 (*) .01 .01 (*) .01 .05 .06 .06 .04 .11 .06 .07 .08 .06 .15 23.0 14.0 15.0 16.9 12.1 3.2 47.3 40.2 5.8 66.7 59.4 7.3 5.6 24.2 8.0 16.2 .02 .60 .85 .16 1.33 1.22 .11 .09 .21 .08 .13 5 176 249 46 389 356 33 26 61 23 38 .51 15.58 21.38 4.08 33.34 30.34 3.01 2.11 6.09 2.34 3.75 1.3 17.8 16.1 2.6 26.6 23.1 3.5 1.5 9.7 4.2 5.5 .01 .12 .14 .03 .21 .19 .03 .01 .07 .03 .03 6 115 132 30 208 183 25 9 64 32 32 .06 .85 .88 .19 1.37 1.19 .19 .06 .56 .26 .30 Q 3.0 1.7 .2 3.2 3.2 Q 1.5 .2 .1 Q Q .02 .01 (*) .02 .02 Q .01 (*) (*) Q Q .18 .12 .02 .21 .21 Q .10 .01 .01 Q Q .24 .14 .03 .27 .27 Q .13 .02 .02 Q 20.1 5.4 6.0 17.0 4.9 5.3 15.4 14.2 9.8 13.3 10.9 29.3 40.2 17.8 9.3 .29 .70 .39 .24 86 205 115 71 7.70 17.84 9.94 6.07 11.2 16.1 6.8 3.7 .07 .12 .06 .04 70 119 54 38 .55 .82 .37 .25 2.0 1.8 .7 .4 .01 .01 .01 (*) .12 .12 .06 .03 .16 .14 .07 .04 6.5 5.8 7.7 12.9 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 119 Table 5.26. Total Consumption and Expenditures for Appliances in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Electricity Natural Gas Liquefied Petroleum Gas Consumed Characteristics Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion kWh) Expenditures (billion dollars) Consumed Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion cubic feet) Expenditures (billion dollars) Consumed Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) Expenditures (billion dollars) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 0.4 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.8 0.9 1 0.9 1 0.9 1 2.2 2.4 1 2.4 1 2.4 1 Ownership of Unit Owned ...................................... Rented ...................................... Public Housing ...................... Not Public Housing ............... Rent Subsidy ..................... No Rent Subsidy .............. Year of Construction 1939 or Before ........................ 1940 to 1949 ........................... 1950 to 1959 ........................... 1960 to 1969 ........................... 1970 to 1979 ........................... 1980 to 1984 ........................... 1985 to 1987 ........................... 1988 to 1990 ........................... 1991 to 1993 3 .......................... Electric Appliances Paid by Household Natural Gas Appliances Paid by Household 63.2 33.4 3.4 30.0 2.0 28.0 20.3 6.9 13.1 15.0 18.1 8.5 5.5 4.7 4.5 1.26 .37 .03 .34 .02 .32 .30 .11 .23 .24 .32 .15 .10 .09 .07 368 108 8 100 5 94 88 32 68 71 95 44 29 27 22 31.64 9.91 .75 9.16 .52 8.63 8.06 2.82 6.33 6.30 7.86 3.72 2.44 2.23 1.79 24.6 13.2 1.4 11.8 1.0 10.8 10.9 3.4 6.7 5.7 4.5 2.5 1.6 1.2 1.2 0.20 .09 .01 .08 .01 .07 .08 .02 .05 .04 .04 .02 .01 .01 .01 192 89 10 79 7 72 76 24 51 42 35 21 11 10 10 1.29 .69 .07 .62 .07 .56 .60 .18 .37 .28 .22 .13 .07 .06 .06 3.8 1.2 NC 1.2 Q 1.1 1.2 .3 .4 .7 1.1 .4 .3 .3 .2 0.02 .01 NC .01 Q .01 .01 (*) (*) (*) .01 (*) (*) (*) (*) 0.26 .07 NC .07 Q .06 .07 .02 .02 .04 .07 .03 .04 .02 .02 0.32 .10 NC .10 Q .10 .09 .02 .03 .05 .09 .04 .04 .03 .02 4.7 6.0 23.4 6.3 19.8 6.6 8.2 13.7 10.4 10.3 9.5 13.3 15.0 14.4 16.8 .................. 91.5 1.58 464 40.43 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4.0 .................. --4.0 10.6 11.1 9.6 8.7 14.1 17.4 12.6 8.3 14.4 19.4 24.7 30.6 5.7 19.9 21.4 21.9 27.7 --.04 .11 .14 .15 .14 .25 .33 .26 .20 .18 .26 .34 .41 .07 .31 .42 .43 .40 --13 34 41 43 40 73 97 77 59 54 75 98 120 20 91 123 125 118 --1.18 2.94 3.62 3.58 3.38 6.16 8.55 6.68 5.46 4.79 6.63 8.56 10.55 1.68 7.91 10.71 10.81 10.44 32.7 -1.8 4.3 4.7 3.6 3.4 4.6 6.6 5.1 3.6 6.6 8.4 10.5 12.9 2.0 8.1 8.4 8.6 10.6 .26 -.01 .03 .03 .02 .02 .03 .05 .04 .04 .05 .07 .08 .10 .02 .06 .07 .08 .07 249 -13 27 33 23 23 34 51 40 37 50 64 78 93 15 61 65 73 67 1.75 -.10 .21 .23 .15 .16 .23 .36 .28 .26 .38 .48 .58 .68 .11 .43 .46 .51 .49 -4.8 .3 .6 .8 .6 .5 .9 .6 .3 .2 1.0 1.5 1.8 2.1 .2 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 -.03 (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) .01 (*) (*) (*) (*) .01 .01 .01 (*) .01 .01 .01 .01 -.32 .01 .03 .04 .05 .03 .07 .05 .03 .01 .05 .08 .10 .11 .01 .07 .10 .06 .08 -.41 .02 .04 .06 .06 .04 .08 .06 .05 .02 .07 .10 .13 .15 .01 .09 .13 .08 .10 6.2 9.9 14.1 9.4 7.8 11.5 10.5 8.7 7.8 8.3 13.3 7.7 7.4 6.7 6.0 12.3 6.7 6.2 7.3 7.4 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Paid by Household .................. 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 .................... $5,000 to $9,999 ..................... $10,000 to $14,999 ................. $15,000 to $19,999 ................. $20,000 to $24,999 ................. $25,000 to $34,999 ................. $35,000 to $49,999 ................. $50,000 to $74,999 ................. $75,000 or More ...................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................. ............................. ............................. Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................ Age of Householder Under 25 Years ....................... 25 to 34 Years ......................... 35 to 44 Years ......................... 45 to 59 Years ......................... 60 Years and Over ................. See footnotes at end of table. 120 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.26. Total Consumption and Expenditures for Appliances in U.S. Households, 1993 (Continued) Electricity Natural Gas Liquefied Petroleum Gas Consumed Characteristics Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion kWh) Expenditures (billion dollars) Consumed Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion cubic feet) Expenditures (billion dollars) Consumed Households (million) (quadrillion Btu) (billion gallons) Expenditures (billion dollars) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 0.4 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.8 0.9 1 0.9 1 0.9 1 2.2 2.4 1 2.4 1 2.4 1 Education of Householder 12 Years or Fewer .................. 13 to 16 Years ......................... 17 Years or More .................... Race of Householder White ......................................... Black ......................................... Other 5 ....................................... Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes ............................................ No .............................................. Household Size 1 Person ................................... 2 Persons ................................. 3 Persons ................................. 4 Persons ................................. 5 Persons ................................. 6 or More Persons .................. 1 2 51.5 33.6 11.5 0.83 .59 .20 243 174 60 20.92 15.19 5.44 20.9 12.3 4.5 0.15 .10 .04 150 96 36 1.06 .67 .26 3.6 1.2 .2 0.02 .01 (*) 0.23 .09 .01 0.28 .12 .01 5.3 5.3 10.7 80.1 10.9 5.5 1.41 .15 .06 413 45 19 35.48 4.19 1.88 28.9 6.1 2.8 .22 .05 .02 213 50 19 1.47 .36 .16 4.4 .5 Q .03 (*) Q .29 .02 Q .38 .03 Q 4.6 12.1 13.2 7.9 88.7 .10 1.52 30 446 2.93 38.62 4.2 33.6 .03 .26 31 251 .25 1.73 .4 4.5 (*) .03 .02 .30 .04 .38 13.8 4.4 23.5 31.7 16.6 14.6 6.8 3.5 .22 .51 .31 .33 .16 .09 63 150 92 98 47 26 5.68 12.78 8.14 8.50 4.08 2.37 8.4 11.6 6.9 6.4 2.7 1.8 .04 .08 .06 .06 .03 .02 37 81 56 58 29 21 .29 .56 .40 .39 .20 .15 1.0 1.6 .8 .8 .6 .2 (*) .01 (*) .01 .01 (*) .05 .09 .05 .06 .06 .01 .07 .12 .07 .07 .07 .02 7.6 6.0 7.8 7.0 10.5 16.7 This factor is underestimated because it contains no error for estimating this end use. Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. 3 Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. (*) = Value rounds to zero in the units displayed. -- = Not applicable. NC = No cases in sample. NF = No applicable RSE row factor. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • Appliances do not include refrigerators. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A-F, and H of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 121 Table 5.27. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for Appliances and Refrigerators, per U.S. Household, 1993 Electricity Used for Appliances Consumed Households (million (million Btu) Expenditures (dollars) Households (million Average Number of Refrigerators Electricity Used for Refrigerators Consumed (million Btu) Expenditures (dollars) RSE Row Factors 124 137 126 141 111 115 103 131 126 110 152 116 102 120 132 141 149 151 128 122 132 110 1.3 3.4 6.0 3.9 2.9 4.1 2.6 2.1 3.1 3.3 4.1 2.8 5.7 3.2 3.8 6.2 6.2 5.6 1.6 1.8 1.5 2.4 Characteristics (kWh) (kWh) RSE Column Factors: Total U.S. Households ............ 1.6 96.6 19.5 5.1 14.4 23.3 16.4 6.9 33.4 17.3 6.0 10.1 20.4 5.4 15.0 11.1 5.6 6.8 6.4 75.8 30.6 45.2 20.8 1.0 1 16.8 13.9 14.3 13.8 17.7 17.6 18.1 19.0 17.9 20.6 20.0 15.0 17.1 14.3 12.5 18.3 12.1 19.9 16.1 13.7 17.8 19.3 1.0 1 4,933 4,077 4,197 4,035 5,193 5,146 5,303 5,576 5,247 6,029 5,871 4,399 5,013 4,180 3,649 5,368 3,542 5,838 4,733 4,029 5,209 5,665 1.0 1 430 476 478 476 428 439 403 434 427 382 477 382 368 387 415 446 493 470 429 369 470 435 1.6 96.4 19.4 5.1 14.3 23.3 16.4 6.9 33.4 17.3 6.0 10.1 20.3 5.4 15.0 11.1 5.6 6.8 6.4 75.7 30.5 45.1 20.8 0.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.9 1 4.7 3.9 3.7 3.9 4.5 4.5 4.6 5.7 5.2 5.8 6.3 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.0 5.7 3.5 6.3 4.7 4.4 4.9 4.8 0.9 1 1,386 1,136 1,091 1,152 1,322 1,317 1,336 1,664 1,533 1,712 1,858 1,240 1,293 1,221 1,159 1,679 1,022 1,860 1,378 1,293 1,436 1,412 1.1 1 Census Region and Division Northeast .................................. New England ......................... Middle Atlantic ...................... Midwest .................................... East North Central ............... West North Central .............. South ......................................... South Atlantic ........................ East South Central ............... West South Central .............. West .......................................... Mountain ................................ Pacific ..................................... Largest Populated States California .................................. Florida ....................................... New York .................................. Texas ........................................ Urban Status Urban ........................................ Central City ............................ Suburban ............................... Rural .......................................... Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ............. Under 4,000 HDD ................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD ................. Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 ........................................ 3 to 5 ........................................ 6 to 8 ........................................ 9 or More ................................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................ Detached ............................... Attached ................................ Mobile Home ............................ Multifamily ................................ 2 to 4 Units ........................... 5 or More Units .................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 .................... 1,000 to 1,999 ......................... 2,000 to 2,999 ......................... 3,000 or More .......................... See footnotes at end of table. 8.7 26.5 22.4 17.8 21.2 18.3 16.6 16.3 15.1 18.6 5,350 4,864 4,769 4,435 5,441 422 430 425 412 455 8.7 26.5 22.3 17.8 21.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 3.9 4.3 4.5 4.6 5.9 1,153 1,258 1,320 1,362 1,731 91 115 123 128 147 4.6 3.9 3.5 3.8 3.2 3.2 47.3 40.2 5.8 66.7 59.4 7.3 5.6 24.2 8.0 16.2 5.3 12.7 21.1 26.9 19.9 20.5 15.3 16.0 8.6 9.7 8.0 1,551 3,724 6,198 7,895 5,832 5,997 4,487 4,693 2,515 2,839 2,355 158 329 532 698 500 510 412 378 251 292 231 3.2 47.2 40.2 5.8 66.7 59.4 7.3 5.6 24.2 8.0 16.2 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.8 4.1 5.3 6.4 5.2 5.3 4.7 4.1 3.4 3.5 3.4 820 1,213 1,560 1,889 1,537 1,557 1,377 1,202 1,009 1,012 1,008 83 111 137 169 134 135 129 99 102 107 99 5.2 1.4 1.5 4.3 1.2 1.3 4.4 4.0 2.2 3.1 3.1 29.3 40.2 17.8 9.3 10.0 17.4 21.9 25.9 2,937 5,111 6,421 7,599 263 444 557 654 29.2 40.1 17.8 9.3 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 3.8 4.8 5.5 6.0 1,105 1,402 1,612 1,764 103 125 142 153 1.8 1.5 2.1 3.5 122 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.27. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for Appliances and Refrigerators, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Electricity Used for Appliances Consumed Households (million (million Btu) Expenditures (dollars) Households (million Average Number of Refrigerators Electricity Used for Refrigerators Consumed (million Btu) Expenditures (dollars) RSE Row Factors Characteristics (kWh) (kWh) RSE Column Factors: Ownership of Unit Owned ...................................... Rented ...................................... Public Housing ...................... Not Public Housing ............... Rent Subsidy ..................... No Rent Subsidy .............. Year of Construction 1939 or Before ........................ 1940 to 1949 ........................... 1950 to 1959 ........................... 1960 to 1969 ........................... 1970 to 1979 ........................... 1980 to 1984 ........................... 1985 to 1987 ........................... 1988 to 1990 ........................... 1991 to 1993 3 .......................... Electricity Paid by Household Yes ............................................ No .............................................. 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 .................... $5,000 to $9,999 ..................... $10,000 to $14,999 ................. $15,000 to $19,999 ................. $20,000 to $24,999 ................. $25,000 to $34,999 ................. $35,000 to $49,999 ................. $50,000 to $74,999 ................. $75,000 or More ...................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................. ............................. ............................. 1.6 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.6 0.4 0.9 1 0.9 1 1.1 1 63.2 33.4 3.4 30.0 2.0 28.0 20.3 6.9 13.1 15.0 18.1 8.5 5.5 4.7 4.5 19.9 11.0 8.4 11.4 9.4 11.5 14.9 16.0 17.7 16.1 17.8 17.8 18.1 19.9 16.7 5,830 3,238 2,459 3,327 2,756 3,368 4,353 4,692 5,179 4,720 5,214 5,208 5,295 5,822 4,896 501 297 219 305 264 308 397 409 484 419 433 440 444 473 400 63.2 33.3 3.4 29.8 2.0 27.9 20.3 6.9 13.1 15.0 18.1 8.5 5.5 4.7 4.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 5.2 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.3 3.8 4.2 4.7 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.2 4.7 4.5 3.9 1,536 1,100 1,000 1,111 972 1,121 1,240 1,381 1,481 1,421 1,464 1,524 1,379 1,325 1,152 135 104 89 106 97 106 116 126 142 129 125 131 118 111 96 1.3 1.8 5.5 1.9 6.3 2.1 2.5 3.7 3.0 3.1 2.5 3.4 4.1 3.8 5.4 91.5 5.1 4.0 10.6 11.1 9.6 8.7 14.1 17.4 12.6 8.3 14.4 19.4 24.7 30.6 5.7 19.9 21.4 21.9 27.7 51.5 33.6 11.5 80.1 10.9 5.5 17.3 8.4 10.7 10.9 12.5 15.1 15.6 17.7 19.0 20.9 24.1 12.8 13.3 13.6 13.4 11.7 15.5 19.6 19.6 14.6 16.1 17.7 17.7 17.6 14.0 11.7 5,070 2,472 3,143 3,191 3,663 4,426 4,583 5,192 5,580 6,126 7,058 3,751 3,894 3,987 3,913 3,439 4,554 5,733 5,734 4,267 4,719 5,178 5,177 5,149 4,111 3,431 442 220 292 278 325 372 386 439 490 529 654 333 342 347 345 294 397 501 495 376 406 452 472 443 385 339 91.4 5.0 4.0 10.5 11.1 9.6 8.7 14.0 17.4 12.6 8.3 14.3 19.3 24.6 30.6 5.7 19.9 21.3 21.9 27.7 51.4 33.6 11.5 80.1 10.9 5.5 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 4.8 3.3 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.5 4.9 4.8 5.2 6.0 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.3 3.8 4.0 4.7 5.2 5.0 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.0 1,408 976 1,176 1,226 1,227 1,306 1,326 1,423 1,401 1,525 1,747 1,230 1,240 1,265 1,247 1,120 1,176 1,376 1,535 1,480 1,373 1,399 1,401 1,404 1,366 1,163 126 88 110 111 112 114 115 123 126 136 166 112 113 114 114 97 106 123 136 134 121 126 130 124 129 120 1.3 5.2 4.8 2.9 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.4 2.3 2.5 3.6 2.6 2.3 2.1 1.8 3.8 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.7 3.2 1.4 3.2 4.3 Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................ Age of Householder Under 25 Years ....................... 25 to 34 Years ......................... 35 to 44 Years ......................... 45 to 59 Years ......................... 60 Years and Over ................. Education of Householder 12 Years or Fewer .................. 13 to 16 Years ......................... 17 Years or More .................... Race of Householder White ......................................... Black ......................................... Other 5 ....................................... See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 123 Table 5.27. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for Appliances and Refrigerators, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Electricity Used for Appliances Consumed Households (million (million Btu) Expenditures (dollars) Households (million Average Number of Refrigerators Electricity Used for Refrigerators Consumed (million Btu) Expenditures (dollars) RSE Row Factors Characteristics (kWh) (kWh) RSE Column Factors: Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes ............................................ No .............................................. Average Electricity Expenditures (cents per kWh) Less than 6 .............................. 6 to Less than 9 ...................... 9 or More ................................. Average Electric Refrigerator Expenditures (cents per kWh) Less than 6 .............................. 6 to Less than 9 ...................... 9 or More ................................. Electric Appliances Used by Household (more than one may apply) Separate Freezer .................... Dishwasher ............................... Clothes Washer ....................... Clothes Dryer ........................... Waterbed Heater ..................... Swimming-Pool Pump ............. Hot-Tub or Spa Pump ............ Hot-Tub or Spa Heater ........... Well Pump ................................ Appliance Combination Usage Dishwasher, Clothes Washer, and Clothes Dryer All ............................................ Some ...................................... None ....................................... Well Pump and Separate Freezer All ............................................ Some ...................................... None ....................................... Main Heating Fuel Natural Gas .............................. Electricity .................................. Fuel Oil or Kerosene .............. Wood ......................................... LPG ........................................... Other ......................................... Household Size 1 Person ................................... 2 Persons ................................. 3 Persons ................................. 4 Persons ................................. 5 Persons ................................. 6 or More Persons .................. See footnotes at end of table. 1.6 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.6 0.4 0.9 1 0.9 1 1.1 1 7.9 88.7 13.0 17.2 3,798 5,034 371 436 7.9 88.6 1.1 1.2 4.1 4.8 1,213 1,401 121 124 3.7 1.3 9.3 42.7 44.6 22.8 19.4 13.1 6,694 5,686 3,845 348 435 443 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 3.9 2.2 2.0 ---- ---- ---- ---- 9.3 42.6 44.6 1.2 1.2 1.1 5.4 5.3 4.1 1,568 1,551 1,190 82 119 138 3.9 2.2 2.0 33.4 43.7 74.5 54.7 11.9 4.6 2.8 1.9 13.0 23.1 20.6 19.6 21.0 24.3 32.5 33.4 31.5 24.2 6,771 6,039 5,731 6,144 7,131 9,530 9,788 9,241 7,087 558 520 493 506 572 850 803 733 580 33.4 43.7 74.4 54.6 11.9 4.6 2.8 1.9 13.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.1 6.3 6.7 6.2 5.5 1,531 1,543 1,486 1,508 1,490 1,848 1,958 1,813 1,608 127 135 130 126 121 164 166 148 133 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.3 2.5 4.4 5.1 6.0 3.1 30.2 49.7 16.6 23.1 16.2 7.3 6,769 4,755 2,127 558 426 210 30.2 49.7 16.5 1.2 1.2 1.0 5.5 4.7 3.5 1,611 1,366 1,032 135 125 103 1.8 1.4 2.3 8.0 30.4 58.2 51.4 25.0 11.2 3.1 4.6 .4 23.5 31.7 16.6 14.6 6.8 3.5 27.1 21.5 13.0 16.4 16.5 17.2 23.0 19.8 15.6 9.2 16.1 19.0 22.9 23.8 26.0 7,934 6,295 3,813 4,799 4,850 5,034 6,750 5,809 4,585 2,698 4,717 5,562 6,699 6,973 7,632 627 531 351 438 363 513 536 472 312 242 403 491 582 604 685 8.0 30.4 58.1 51.3 25.0 11.2 3.1 4.6 .4 23.4 31.7 16.6 14.6 6.8 3.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 5.6 5.1 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.3 5.0 5.1 4.1 4.0 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.3 1,646 1,503 1,289 1,390 1,395 1,265 1,468 1,495 1,211 1,182 1,466 1,416 1,437 1,438 1,564 129 129 121 130 108 134 119 123 85 109 129 128 127 126 147 3.9 1.5 1.4 1.8 2.5 3.6 4.8 4.6 14.7 2.5 1.7 2.2 2.0 2.9 5.6 124 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.27. Electricity Consumption and Expenditures for Appliances and Refrigerators, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Electricity Used for Appliances Electricity Used for Refrigerators Consumed Households (million Households (million Average Number of Refrigerators Consumed Characteristics (million Btu) (kWh) Expenditures (dollars) (million Btu) (kWh) Expenditures (dollars) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 1.6 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.6 0.4 0.9 1 0.9 1 1.1 1 Number of Refrigerators 1 ................................................ 2 or More ................................. 1 2 82.1 14.4 15.7 23.1 4,614 6,785 406 573 82.1 14.4 1.0 2.1 4.1 8.5 1,194 2,480 108 215 1.2 2.2 This factor is underestimated because it contains no error for estimating this end use. Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. 3 Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. -- = Not applicable. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C, E, and H of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 125 Table 5.28. Natural Gas and LPG Consumption and Expenditures for Appliances, per U.S. Household, 1993 Natural Gas Liquefied Petroleum Gas Consumed Households (million) (1000 cubic feet) Expenditures (dollars) Households (million) Consumed Expenditures (dollars) RSE Row Factors 4.0 6.8 17.0 7.3 6.3 8.3 9.8 8.2 8.6 17.3 18.2 7.9 11.6 9.6 8.6 17.1 10.6 21.8 4.7 8.4 6.2 9.9 Characteristics (million Btu) (million Btu) (gallons) RSE Column Factors: Total U.S. Households ............ 0.9 37.8 10.1 1.7 8.4 10.4 7.9 2.4 8.7 2.9 1.1 4.7 8.6 1.6 7.0 6.6 .3 4.5 2.8 33.9 16.2 17.8 3.8 0.5 1 7.7 7.6 8.5 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.1 8.8 7.7 9.5 9.3 6.8 6.5 6.9 6.8 7.2 7.3 9.1 7.7 7.3 8.1 7.4 0.5 1 7.5 7.4 8.3 7.2 7.3 7.5 6.9 8.5 7.5 9.2 9.0 6.6 6.4 6.7 6.6 7.0 7.1 8.8 7.5 7.1 7.8 7.2 0.6 1 53 72 81 70 41 42 38 54 57 51 53 42 37 43 43 67 83 52 54 54 53 43 2.5 4.9 1.0 .4 .6 1.1 .5 .6 2.4 1.4 .5 .5 .4 .2 .2 .2 .7 .3 Q 2.2 .5 1.7 2.8 1.3 1 6.0 5.1 4.8 5.3 7.0 6.2 7.6 6.1 6.5 5.8 5.2 5.8 5.7 5.8 6.3 7.7 4.8 3.2 6.1 5.6 6.2 6.0 1.3 1 66 56 53 58 76 68 84 66 71 63 57 63 62 64 69 85 52 34 67 62 68 65 1.5 1 85 97 91 102 66 61 71 88 113 60 47 83 68 100 103 136 91 30 95 90 96 77 Census Region and Division Northeast .................................. New England ......................... Middle Atlantic ...................... Midwest .................................... East North Central ............... West North Central .............. South ......................................... South Atlantic ........................ East South Central ............... West South Central .............. West .......................................... Mountain ................................ Pacific ..................................... Largest Populated States California .................................. Florida ....................................... New York .................................. Texas ........................................ Urban Status Urban ........................................ Central City ............................ Suburban ............................... Rural .......................................... Climate Zone 2 Under 2,000 CDD and Over 7,000 HDD ................... 5,500 to 7,000 HDD ............. 4,000 to 5,499 HDD ............. Under 4,000 HDD ................. 2,000 CDD or More and Under 4,000 HDD ................. Total Number of Rooms (Excluding Bathrooms) 1 or 2 ........................................ 3 to 5 ........................................ 6 to 8 ........................................ 9 or More ................................. Type of Housing Unit Single-Family ............................ Detached ............................... Attached ................................ Mobile Home ............................ Multifamily ................................ 2 to 4 Units ........................... 5 or More Units .................... Heated Floorspace (square feet) Fewer than 1,000 .................... 1,000 to 1,999 ......................... 2,000 to 2,999 ......................... 3,000 or More .......................... See footnotes at end of table. 2.1 12.2 9.2 7.3 7.0 6.8 7.6 7.5 7.1 8.7 6.6 7.4 7.3 6.9 8.5 37 49 67 45 52 .8 .9 .9 .7 1.7 5.8 6.0 6.2 5.6 6.2 63 65 68 62 68 75 81 89 85 90 9.9 8.1 7.8 8.9 11.1 1.3 17.8 16.1 2.6 26.6 23.1 3.5 1.5 9.7 4.2 5.5 4.4 6.7 8.4 11.8 8.1 8.2 7.4 6.3 6.8 7.8 6.0 4.2 6.5 8.2 11.5 7.8 7.9 7.2 6.2 6.6 7.6 5.8 48 48 54 75 52 51 53 37 57 61 54 Q 3.0 1.7 .2 3.2 3.2 Q 1.5 .2 .1 Q Q 5.6 6.2 11.7 6.0 6.0 Q 6.2 5.5 5.5 Q Q 62 68 128 65 65 Q 68 60 60 Q Q 81 83 174 83 84 Q 86 106 108 Q 14.1 4.7 5.7 16.4 4.9 5.1 10.4 8.4 7.7 11.0 6.7 11.2 16.1 6.8 3.7 6.4 7.6 8.2 10.7 6.2 7.4 8.0 10.4 49 51 54 68 2.0 1.8 .7 .4 5.6 5.8 7.1 7.5 61 63 78 82 82 76 102 107 6.5 5.8 7.6 13.0 126 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Table 5.28. Natural Gas and LPG Consumption and Expenditures for Appliances, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Natural Gas Liquefied Petroleum Gas Consumed Households (million) (1000 cubic feet) Expenditures (dollars) Households (million) Consumed Expenditures (dollars) RSE Row Factors Characteristics (million Btu) (million Btu) (gallons) RSE Column Factors: Ownership of Unit Owned ...................................... Rented ...................................... Public Housing ...................... Not Public Housing ............... Rent Subsidy ..................... No Rent Subsidy .............. Year of Construction 1939 or Before ........................ 1940 to 1949 ........................... 1950 to 1959 ........................... 1960 to 1969 ........................... 1970 to 1979 ........................... 1980 to 1984 ........................... 1985 to 1987 ........................... 1988 to 1990 ........................... 1991 to 1993 3 .......................... Natural Gas Appliances Paid by Household Yes ............................................ No .............................................. Liquefied Petroleum Gas Paid by Household Yes ............................................ No .............................................. 1993 Family Income Less than $5,000 .................... $5,000 to $9,999 ..................... $10,000 to $14,999 ................. $15,000 to $19,999 ................. $20,000 to $24,999 ................. $25,000 to $34,999 ................. $35,000 to $49,999 ................. $50,000 to $74,999 ................. $75,000 or More ...................... Below Poverty 100 Percent 125 Percent 150 Percent Line ............................. ............................. ............................. 0.9 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.6 1 2.5 1.3 1 1.3 1 1.5 1 24.6 13.2 1.4 11.8 1.0 10.8 10.9 3.4 6.7 5.7 4.5 2.5 1.6 1.2 1.2 8.0 7.0 7.3 6.9 7.5 6.9 7.2 7.3 7.9 7.5 8.0 8.6 7.2 8.8 8.6 7.8 6.8 7.1 6.7 7.3 6.7 7.0 7.1 7.7 7.3 7.8 8.4 7.0 8.5 8.4 52 53 50 53 68 52 55 52 55 49 50 54 46 52 52 3.8 1.2 NC 1.2 Q 1.1 1.2 .3 .4 .7 1.1 .4 .3 .3 .2 6.3 5.3 NC 5.3 Q 5.2 5.8 6.3 5.2 5.0 5.8 6.3 9.8 6.3 6.5 69 58 NC 58 Q 57 63 69 57 55 63 69 108 68 71 85 84 NC 84 Q 84 77 87 78 73 83 91 133 101 78 4.9 5.0 15.0 5.3 13.1 5.6 6.4 11.5 8.7 8.0 10.6 13.7 12.7 11.4 12.4 32.7 5.1 7.8 6.7 7.6 6.5 53 46 --- --- --- --- 4.2 9.1 --1.8 4.3 4.7 3.6 3.4 4.6 6.6 5.1 3.6 6.6 8.4 10.5 12.9 2.0 8.1 8.4 8.6 10.6 20.9 12.3 4.5 --7.2 6.5 7.1 6.8 7.0 7.5 7.9 8.2 10.5 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.4 7.5 7.7 8.0 8.7 6.5 7.4 8.0 8.1 --7.1 6.3 6.9 6.6 6.8 7.3 7.6 8.0 10.3 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.7 8.5 6.4 7.2 7.7 7.9 --56 49 48 43 47 50 54 56 72 57 57 55 53 52 53 54 59 46 51 54 57 4.8 .1 .3 .6 .8 .6 .5 .9 .6 .3 .2 1.0 1.5 1.8 2.1 .2 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 3.6 1.2 .2 6.1 4.8 4.0 4.2 4.9 7.1 5.7 6.7 7.5 8.9 5.2 4.7 4.6 4.9 4.9 3.9 6.4 7.4 5.2 5.6 5.8 6.9 5.5 66 53 44 46 53 77 62 73 82 97 57 51 51 54 54 43 70 81 57 61 63 76 60 85 64 61 63 68 101 78 85 100 141 88 69 66 70 70 57 87 108 72 78 79 104 81 4.1 11.7 10.4 8.7 6.8 11.8 10.5 8.6 7.4 8.4 13.0 5.8 6.2 5.7 5.1 9.7 5.2 6.4 6.8 8.8 4.9 5.8 11.2 Eligible for Federal Assistance 4 ................................ Age of Householder Under 25 Years ....................... 25 to 34 Years ......................... 35 to 44 Years ......................... 45 to 59 Years ......................... 60 Years and Over ................. Education of Householder 12 Years or Fewer .................. 13 to 16 Years ......................... 17 Years or More .................... See footnotes at end of table. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 127 Table 5.28. Natural Gas and LPG Consumption and Expenditures for Appliances, per U.S. Household, 1993 (Continued) Natural Gas Liquefied Petroleum Gas Consumed Consumed Characteristics Households (million) (million Btu) (1000 cubic feet) Expenditures (dollars) Households (million) (million Btu) (gallons) Expenditures (dollars) RSE Row Factors RSE Column Factors: 0.9 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.6 1 2.5 1.3 1 1.3 1 1.5 1 Race of Householder White ......................................... Black ......................................... Other 5 ....................................... Householder of Hispanic Descent Yes ............................................ No .............................................. Household Size 1 Person ................................... 2 Persons ................................. 3 Persons ................................. 4 Persons ................................. 5 Persons ................................. 6 or More Persons .................. 1 2 28.9 6.1 2.8 7.6 8.4 6.8 7.4 8.2 6.6 51 59 55 4.4 .5 Q 6.2 4.6 Q 68 50 Q 86 68 Q 4.6 8.5 8.8 4.2 33.6 7.6 7.7 7.4 7.5 61 52 .4 4.5 5.0 6.1 55 67 87 85 9.7 4.2 8.4 11.6 6.9 6.4 2.7 1.8 4.5 7.1 8.4 9.3 11.0 12.3 4.4 6.9 8.2 9.0 10.7 12.0 34 48 58 61 74 83 1.0 1.6 .8 .8 .6 .2 4.9 5.2 5.9 6.4 9.4 6.8 54 57 65 70 103 75 74 73 82 91 129 97 11.0 5.9 6.0 7.0 9.0 11.9 This factor is underestimated because it contains no error for estimating this end use. Climate zones are based on annual degree-days that are averaged over 30 years from 1961 to 1990. 3 Does not include all new construction for 1993. 4 Below 150 percent of poverty line or 60 percent of median State income. 5 Includes some householders who described themselves as Hispanic rather than White, Black, or other. -- = Not applicable. NC = No cases in sample. NF = No applicable RSE row/column factor. Q = Data withheld either because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent or fewer than 10 households were sampled. Notes: • To obtain the RSE percentage for any table cell, multiply the corresponding column and row factors. • Because of rounding, data may not sum to totals. • See ‘‘Glossary’’ for definition of terms used in this report. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457 A, B, C, D, and F of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (for specific titles of forms, see Appendix E). 128 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 Appendix A How the Survey Was Conducted Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 129 Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 130 Appendix A How the Survey Was Conducted Introduction The Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) was designed by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) to provide information about energy consumption within the residential sector. The RECS is conducted in two major parts: the Household Survey and the Energy Suppliers Survey. The Household Survey collects information about the housing unit through personal interviews with a representative national sample of households. In the Energy Suppliers Survey, data concerning actual energy consumption are obtained from household billing records maintained by the energy suppliers. The data are collected by questionnaires mailed to all the suppliers for the households in the Household Survey. Copies of the data collection forms for the Household Survey and the adjunct Rental Agent Survey are reproduced in Appendix E, "Survey Forms." This appendix contains detailed information about the Sample Design, Household Survey, its adjunct Rental Agent Survey, Energy Supplier Survey, Weather and Price Data, Special Data Collection for the Administration for Children and Families, Confidentiality of the Data, and Public Use Data File Preparation. Sample Design The universe for the RECS includes all housing units occupied as a primary residence in the 50 States and the District of Columbia, which was estimated to be 96,631,000 households as of July 1993. These data represent a change from past RECS, where the date was November of the survey year. The change was made to give greater weight to the consumption and expenditures data, which are collected for calendar year 1993 for which July 1993 is the midpoint. The change means the time separation between the date used to estimate the universe of households for the 1993 RECS is 2 2/3 years following the date used for the 1990 RECS. Estimates of annual change need to consider that the period covered was less than 3 years. Since 1980, each RECS has used a multistage probability sample design to select a representative sample of U.S. households. This sample design was developed especially for the RECS. The sample for the 1993 RECS was redesigned to reflect population figures newly available from the 1990 Decennial Census.22 The overall plan for the 1993 RECS included a basic sample of approximately 5,000 completed household interviews, plus supplemental samples totaling approximately 2,050 completed interviews. The basic sample was designed to represent the total population of households in the United States, with specified levels of precision for each of the nine geographically defined Census divisions. The supplemental samples, included in the plan to meet special analytical needs, were designed to provide disproportionately large samples of (1) new housing units (construction completed in 1987 or later) and (2) households living below the poverty level, particularly those using electricity, fuel oil, or kerosene as the main space-heating fuel. Multistage Area Probability Sample In the sample design used for the 1993 RECS, the total land area of the 50 States and the District of Columbia was divided into 1,786 Primary Sampling Units (PSU's). These PSU's were based on county and independent city boundary lines, population characteristics,23 and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA's) as defined in June 1990. For more details about the RECS sample design for the 1993 RECS as well as earlier RECS, see Energy Information Administration,Sample Design for the Residential Energy Consumption Survey, DOE/EIA-0555(94)/1 (August 1994). 23 Boundary definitions for counties, independent cities, and equivalent units were generally those used by the Census of Population and Housing, 1990. There were 3,140 such units in the 1990 Census. Prior to 1983, MSA's were referred to as Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas. Additional detail on RECS sample design can be found in Energy Information Administration, Sample Design for the Residential Energy Consumption Survey, DOE/EIA-0555(94)\1 (August 1994). Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 22 131 The nine geographically defined Census divisions were a primary mode of stratification of PSU's in the 1993 RECS sample design. Strata were separately defined, within Census divisions, for four States with large populations (California, Florida, New York, and Texas) and for Alaska and Hawaii because of their unique weather conditions. Stratification was also based on metropolitan or nonmetropolitan definitions of PSU's and, to the extent feasible, on dominant residential space-heating fuel and weather conditions. PSU's were grouped into 116 strata (Figure A1). In some cases, a single PSU comprising all or part of a large metropolitan area was large enough in population to be a stratum by itself. PSU's of this type are called Self-Representing (SR) because the sample from each PSU represents only that PSU. In other strata, one PSU was selected from among two or more PSU's in the stratum. Each of the PSU's selected from these strata is called Non-Self-Representing (NSR) because each PSU also represents the nonselected PSU's in its stratum. Of the 116 strata in the 1993 RECS sample design, 31 are SR PSU's and 85 are NSR. Procedures for selection of specific PSU's from the NSR strata maximized the retention of PSU's from the preceding RECS design.24 The benefits of retaining PSU's from the 1984 design included savings in housing unit listing and interviewer recruiting in some PSU's and the reduction of variance in estimates of change across time. PSU's were retained from the earlier design in all but 22 of the 116 strata. Households in the 1993 RECS sample were selected from 1,610 second-stage sampling units (SSU's) or listing segments. Some 149 of the SSU's used for the 1993 RECS were a supplement to the basic design, specially selected in areas that were expected (on the basis of Census statistics or a canvass of informed local sources) to include large proportions of new housing units. In 35 of the 116 PSU's, SSU's from the 1984 design were carried over to the 1993 RECS; newly selected SSU's were used in the remaining 81 PSU's. In the plan for the 1996 RECS, newly selected SSU's will replace all of the SSU's carried over from the 1984 design. Listing segments in the 1993 RECS design consist of one or more Census blocks selected directly from Census statistics based on the 1990 enumeration. In the selection process, blocks were combined as necessary to create segments with a minimum of 50 housing units (a minimum of 96 housing units was used for the supplemental group of new construction SSU's). Prior to selection, blocks within PSU's were stratified geographically. Within MSA PSU's, there was an additional stratification by energy-related characteristics, including income estimates and other variables contained in census data.25 Detailed field listings were created by field workers who visited the segment and identified each housing unit by street address, apartment number, or other obvious features. Following the field-listing step, a penultimate cluster of approximately 50 housing units was selected from each listing segment. Addresses of these housing units were placed in a computer file used for actual sample selection. An ultimate cluster of housing units to be contacted for interview (averaging about six housing units for the 1993 RECS) is randomly selected by computer from the penultimate cluster, and these housing units constituted the assignments given to interviewers. Populations of Special Interest Two populations were of particular interest in the 1993 RECS: (1) households living below the poverty level, and (2) new housing units. Two supplemental samples were created by oversampling each of these populations. Leslie Kish and Alistair Scott, "Retaining Units After Changing Strata and Probabilities," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 66, Number 335, Applications Section (September, 1971). 25 Procedures used to select SSU's for the 1993 RECS design differed somewhat from procedures that were used for selection of SSU's carried over from the 1984 design. The stratification by energy-related characteristics was not used in the 1984 design. SSU's in the 1984 design were generally much larger (usually complete Census tracts or enumeration districts) and were divided into many listing segments with a minimum of 25 housing units per listing segment. One such listing segment was selected for the 1993 RECS. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 24 132 Figure A1. Multistage Area Probability Sample Activities for the 1993 RECS Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 133 Households Living Below The Poverty Level. Households living below the poverty level have been of interest in some earlier RECS, most recently in 1987. The purpose of oversampling these households is to meet the analytical needs of the Office of Family Assistance, Family Support Administration (FSA). The FSA is interested in households living below the poverty level that use electricity, fuel oil, or kerosene as the main space-heating fuel. The number of households in the population using these fuels is smaller than the number using natural gas. Consequently, these households had to be oversampled in the 1993 RECS sample design to insure that an adequate number of them were included in the final sample. New Housing Units. The 1993 survey is the first RECS to include an oversample of newly built housing units. The oversample was included in the 1993 RECS because of the importance of obtaining accurate data on the energy characteristics of new housing units. For the 1993 survey, new construction includes housing units completed in 1987 or later and covering the approximately 6 ½ years preceding the field period for the 1993 RECS. Procedures were designed to include new single-family and multifamily units, new construction in older neighborhoods, and clusters of new construction. Procedures for oversampling each of the populations were based on interviewer observations and judgments recorded during interviewer visits to sample segments prior to the actual interviewing field period. After completing their listing of housing units in the listing segment, interviewers were instructed to rate the general income level of these households based on their observations and their general knowledge of the area. Interviewers placed each listing segment into one of four groups: wealthy (highest 25 percent), upper middle class (second quartile), lower middle class (third quartile), or poor or near poor (lowest 25 percent). Whenever possible, listing segments that were rated on income were also rated on main home-heating fuel. In addition to rating the income level of households in each listing segment, interviewers were also instructed to judge the year that construction was completed for each housing unit listed. Interviewers made inquiries among neighborhood residents and informed community sources, as necessary, in order to arrive at their classification of date of construction. Housing units were classified in the following groups: (1) almost certainly built in 1987 or later, (2) probably built in 1987 or later, (3) probably built before 1987, and (4) almost certainly built before 1987. The selection of additional housing units in the two populations of interest was accomplished by increasing the sampling rates of these groups. The new housing units were selected by increasing sampling rates for all housing units judged to be “new” regardless of income and heating-fuel classifications. The oversampling of housing units for the below-poverty-level households was carried out only for “old” housing units in selected segments. Listing segments used for the below-povertylevel supplement and the relative sampling rates used for specific classes of housing units are shown in Table A1. Table A1. Relative Sampling Rates Based on Income Rating and Main Home-Heating Fuels: Housing Units Classified as Built Before 1987 Income Rating Main Home-Heating Fuel Electricity or Fuel Oil/Kerosene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All Other Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Upper Middle or Highest Lower Middle Poor or Near Poor 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 2.3 1.8 Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, The 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. A relative sampling rate of 1.0 in Table A1 means that the overall sampling rate applied to households in a sample segment is the rate established for the basic sample. Relative sampling rates higher than 1.0 were used for households in the oversampled groups shown in Table A1. (For example, a relative sampling rate of 1.3 means that households in the group were sampled at a rate 30 percent higher than the rate established for the basic sample.) It is not possible to divide the sample into the basic sample and supplemental sample, but it is possible to estimate how many observations of various types were added as a result of the supplemental new construction sample and the supplemental lowincome sample (Tables A2 and A3). Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 134 An estimated 857 interviews were completed in the households selected as part of the low-income supplement.26 Some 32.3 percent of completed interviews in the supplemental sample were with households living below the poverty level, compared with 15.2 percent of completed interviews in the main sample. The corresponding figures for the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) level were 55.1 percent and 32.0 percent, respectively. Table A2. Poverty Status and Home-Heating Fuels in the 1993 RECS: Main and Supplemental Low-Income Samples Basic Sample Households Supplemental Sample Households Poverty Status and Home-Heating Fuel Number Percent Number Percent All Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,921 100.0 857 100.0 Below Poverty Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 4.0 74 8.6 Fuel Oil/Kerosene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 1.8 31 3.6 Other Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 9.5 173 20.1 Not Below Poverty Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,172 84.8 580 67.7 Below LIHEAP Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,574 32.0 472 55.1 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 8.1 133 15.5 Fuel Oil/Kerosene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 4.0 63 7.3 Other Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977 19.9 277 32.3 Not Below LIHEAP Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,347 68.0 385 44.9 Notes: Households are classified according to the poverty status of the family or nonfamily householder. The actual reference period for income reported in the 1993 RECS was the 12 months preceding the RECS interview; the interview date for most households was within the final calendar quarter of 1993. Table shows unweighted numbers and percentages of completed units. See Glossary for the definition of poverty. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. The supplemental sample of new housing units was selected at a uniform sampling rate for all housing units judged to be constructed in 1987 or later. An estimated 1,333 interviews were completed in housing units that were part of the new housing unit supplement (Table A3). Based on responses to pertinent questions in the household interview, some 60.9 percent of housing units in the supplement were actually completed in 1987 or later, compared with 10.1 percent of housing units in the basic sample. Table A3. Housing Units Constructed in 1987 or Later in 1993 RECS: Basic and Supplemental New Construction Samples Basic Sample Households Supplemental Sample Households Year Construction of Housing Unit Completed Number Percent Number Percent All Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,921 100.0 1,333 100.0 1987 or Later . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 10.1 813 60.9 Before 1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,425 89.9 521 39.1 Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Forms EIA-457, A and B of the 1993 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS). RECS Public Use Data Files and unreleased data. Household Survey A complete RECS interview consists of a completed household questionnaire and a signed Authorization Form. Interviewers used Form EIA-457A, "Household Questionnaire," to conduct the personal interviews in the sampled housing units. The Authorization Form allowed the interviewing contractor to obtain records of energy consumption from the housing unit's energy supplier(s). For each observation, the contribution to the basic sample and each of the supplemental samples can be estimated by using the observation probability of selection, assuming only the basic sample was selected (basic sample probability) and the probability of selection, by assuming that the basic sample and the supplemental samples were selected (total sample probability). If the basic sample probability equaled the total sample probability, the observation was part of the basic sample. If the basic sample probability was less than the total sample probability, then the observation could have been in either the basic sample or one of the supplemental samples. In this case, the ratio of the basic sample probability to the total sample probability is used to assign a portion of the sample to the basic sample and a portion to the supplemental samples. (Note that this ratio equals the inverse of the ratio of the sampling rate for the basic sample to sampling rate for the total sample.) In particular, if the basic sample probability is 60 percent of the total sample probability, then the observation counts as 0.6 observations in the basic sample and 0.4 observations in either of the two supplemental samples. Which supplemental sample gets the estimated 0.4 observations can be determined by the type of SSU, interviewer's judgment of the age of the housing units, and the interviewer's judgment of the income of the households in the listing segment. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 26 135 A total of 9,869 units were eligible to participate in the RECS. Completed interviews were obtained for 7,111 (81.2 percent) of these households. This section describes the procedures involved in collecting the completed interviews. Conducting the Interviews Data Collection Dates Approximately three-quarters of the personal interviews were completed between October 1993 and mid-February 1994; 99 percent were completed by mid-March 1994. In a few sample locations with low response rates, interviewing continued through March 1994. Telephone interviewing began late in March 1994 and continued through late April. We continued to receive Authorization Forms throughout May 1994. All of the 115 completed mail questionnaires were received in May 1994. The Interview The interviews were conducted with the householder or the householder's spouse and lasted , on average, 64 minutes, with 78 percent of the interviews lasting between 30 and 75 minutes. The questions covered energy-related features of the housing unit, such as the type and amount of insulation, the number of windows and doors, the type of heating and cooling systems, the fuels used for heating and cooling, energy conservation improvements, the receipt of government assistance for the cost of heating, and demographic data on household members. The interview also collected information about the characteristics and use of vehicles available to the household for use in the Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey. At the end of the interview, respondents were asked to sign an Authorization Form and the interviewer also measured the dimensions of the housing unit. (See "Estimates of Housing Unit Size" in Appendix B, "Quality of the Data.") Interviewer Training In October 1993, three-day regional training sessions were held in four cities: Chicago, Illinois; Los Angeles, California; Atlanta, Georgia; and Washington, District of Columbia. These sessions were attended by 212 (91 percent) of the 234 interviewers who completed at least one personal interview. Each session was led by a group of trainers who had attended a two-day trainers' workshop in Princeton, New Jersey. All training sessions were monitored by Department of Energy staff. Training materials, including a 138-page manual, Instructions for Interviewers, 1993 RECS, were sent to all interviewers prior to the training session. All interviewers were required to review the training materials and complete a practice interview before attending the training session. These practice interviews were sent to the survey contractor, evaluated by the contractor's staff, and returned to the interviewers at their training session. A completed evaluation form accompanied each practice questionnaire and, where appropriate, comments were written in the questionnaire margins. The three-day training session for interviewers was based largely on the Instructions for Interviewers, 1993 RECS manual. The training sessions included: discussion of general interviewing techniques, background on the Residential Energy Consumption Survey series, instruction on sampling issues and the use of the address lists, a question-by-question review of the household questionnaire, procedures for measuring respondents' homes, a discussion of how to find and record Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN's), and a review of administrative requirements. In one large meeting, one of two senior trainers instructed the entire group of interviewers on basic concepts. Interviewers and trained facilitators subsequently formed small groups, which worked through exercises that reinforced the concepts learned in the large group. Individual, remedial instruction was given by the senior trainers to certain interviewers whose understanding of the work appeared inferior to that of the group. In the final small-group session, each interviewer took an open-book quiz, which was reviewed immediately thereafter. In January 1994, a special, two-day version of the three-day training was held in Atlanta, Georgia, to train additional interviewers. Since only 11 interviewers attended, all training was done in a small group. Four interviewers who could not attend any of the regional trainings were trained on the telephone. Energy Information Administration/Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993 136 The first two RECS interviews completed by each interviewer were reviewed by the contractor's staff. Extensive written feedback was given to each interviewer and additional telephone training was provided when warranted. The Interviewers A total of 234 interviewers completed one or more personal interviews for this study. Eighty-three interviewers (35 percent) had completed interviews on a prior RECS. The remainder were conducting their first RECS but had interviewing experience either with other survey research organizations or with the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Interviewers were paid on an hourly basis for their work on RECS, which included time for home study, review of completed interviews, actual interviewing time, and travel to and from sampled housing units. The use of personal vehicles and other travel expenses were reimbursed at standard mileage rates. Interviewers working in locations believed to present a hazard to their safety were compensated for the use of an escort. Interviewers conducted an average of 30 interviews. Twenty-six interviewers completed fewer than six interviews each, with an average of 3 per interviewer. Thirty-seven interviewers completed 50 or more interviews each, with an average of 82 per interviewer. Twenty percent of the personal interviews were verified by telephone or mail to ensure that