Daylily

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Daylily Daylily Daylily Scientific classification Kingdom: (unranked): (unranked): Order: Family: Genus: Species See text. Plantae Angiosperms Monocots Asparagales Hemerocallidaceae Hemerocallis Daylily is the common name of the species, hybrids and cultivars of the genus Hemerocallis (pronounced /ˌhɛmɨroʊˈkælɪs/).[1] These flowers of this plants are highly diverse in colour and form, often resulting from hybridization by gardening enthusiasts, the thousands of registered cultivars are appreciated and studied by international Hemerocallis societies.[2] Once considered part of the Liliaceae family, such as Lilium (true lilies), the genus name was given to the family Hemerocallidaceae in later circumscriptions. Description These plants are perennial. The name Hemerocallis comes from the Greek words ἡμέρα (hēmera) "day" and καλός (kalos) "beautiful". The flowers of most species open at sunrise and wither at sunset, possibly replaced by another one on the same stem the next day. Some species are night-blooming. Daylilies are not commonly used as cut flowers for formal flower arranging, yet they make good cut flowers otherwise as new flowers continue to open on cut stems over several days. Originally native from Europe to China, Korea, and Japan, their large showy flowers have made them popular worldwide. There are over 60,000 registered cultivars. Only a few cultivars are scented. Some cultivars rebloom later in the season, particularly if their developing seedpods are removed. Daylilies occur as a clump including leaves, the crown, and the roots. The long, often linear lanceolate leaves are grouped into opposite flat fans with leaves arching out to both sides. The crown of a daylily is the small white portion between the leaves and the roots, an essential part of the fan. Along the flower stem or scape, small leafy "proliferations" may form at nodes or in bracts. These proliferations form roots when planted and are the exact clones of the parent plant. Some daylilies show elongated widenings along the roots, made by the plant mostly for water storage and an indication of good health. The flower consists of three petals and three sepals, collectively called tepals, each with a midrib in the same or in a contrasting color. The centermost section of the flower, called the throat, has usually a different and contrasting color. There are six stamens, each with a two-lobed anther. After pollination, the flower forms a pod. The common Daylily is currently awaiting listing as a noxious weed. While sometimes planted due to their ease of growth and the fact that they produce a flower, daylilies will quickly overrun every other plant in the garden and their long reaching roots will eventually begin over taking any nearby lawns or planting beds. Once established, it is nearly impossible to remove daylilies from the yard. 1 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Daylily Other flower traits that hybridizers develop include height, scent, ruffled edges, contrasting "eyes" in the center of the bloom, and an illusion of glitter or "diamond dust." Sought-after improvements in foliage include color, variegation, disease resistance, and the ability to form large, neat clumps. Hybridizers also seek to make less hardy plants hardier in the North by breeding evergreen or semi-evergreen plants with those that become dormant. All daylilies are herbaceous perennials - some are evergreen or semievergreen while some go dormant in winter, losing their foliage. Although, there are a number of northern hybridizers that specialize in the advancements of the dormant daylily. A recent trend in hybridizing is to focus on tetraploid plants, with thicker petal substance and sturdier stems. Until this trend took root, nearly all daylilies were diploid. "Tets," as they are called by aficionados, have double the number of chromosomes as a diploid plant.[3] Hemerocallis fulva ’Europa’, H. fulva ’Kwanso’, H. fulva ’Kwanso Variegata,’ H. fulva ’Kwanso Kaempfer,’ H. fulva var. maculata, H. fulva var. angustifolia ,and H. fulva ’Flore Pleno’ are all triplods which cannot set seed and are reproduced solely by underground runners (stolons) and division. Usually referred to as a "double," meaning producing flowers with double the usual number of petals (e.g., daylily ’Double Grapette’), ’Kwanzo’ actually produces triple the usual number of petals. Cultivars Daylilies can be grown in USDA plant hardiness zones 1 through 11, making them some of the most adaptable landscape plants. Most of the cultivars have been developed within the last 100 years. The large-flowered clear yellow ’Hyperion’, introduced in the 1920s, heralded a return to gardens of the once-dismissed daylily, and is still widely available. Daylily breeding has been a specialty in the United States, where their heat- and droughtresistance made them garden standbys during the later 20th century. New cultivars have sold for thousands of dollars, but sturdy and prolific introductions soon reach reasonable prices. ’Kwanzo’ - a triple-flowered triploid cultivar The Tawny Daylily (Hemerocallis fulva), and sweet-scented H. lilioasphodelus (H. flava is an illegitimate name), colloquially called Lemon Lily, were early imports from England to 17th century American gardens and soon established themselves. Tawny Daylily is so widely growing wild that it is often considered a native wildflower. It is called Roadside or Railroad Daylily, and gained the nickname Wash-house or Outhouse Lily because it was frequently planted at such buildings. Hemerocallis is one of the most hybridized of all garden plants, with registrations of new hybrids being made in the thousands each year in the search for new traits. Hybridizers have extended the plant’s color range from the yellow, orange, and pale pink of the species, to vibrant reds, purples, lavenders, greenish tones, near-black, near-white, and more. However, a blue daylily is a milestone yet to be reached. Culinary use Dried golden needles The flowers of some species are edible and are used in Chinese cuisine. They are sold (fresh or dried) in Asian markets as gum jum 2 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia or golden needles (?? in Chinese; pinyin: jīnzhēn) or yellow flower vegetables (??? in Chinese; pinyin: huánghuācài). They are used in hot and sour soup, daylily soup (????), Buddha’s delight, and moo shu pork. The young green leaves and the tubers of some (but not all) species are also edible. The plant has also been used for medicinal purposes. Care must be used as some species can be toxic. Daylily Species This is a list of species, not of cultivars, which number in the thousands: Hemerocallis thunbergii Illustration, 1885 • • • • • • • • Hemerocallis Hemerocallis Hemerocallis Hemerocallis Murray Hemerocallis Hemerocallis Hemerocallis Hemerocallis altissima Stout aurantiaca Baker citrina Baroni cordata C.P.Thunberg ex A. coreana Nakai darrowiana S.Y.Hu dumortierii Morr esculenta Koidz. A Hemerocallis fulva longituba commonly called a "Red Magic" daylily for its color combination 3 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia • • • • • • • • • Hemerocallis exaltata Stout Hemerocallis ×exilis Satake Hemerocallis forrestii Diels Hemerocallis fulva L. : Orange Daylily, Tawny Daylily, Tiger Lily, Ditch Lily Hemerocallis hakuunensis Nakai Hemerocallis hongdoensis M.G.Chung & S.S.Kang Hemerocallis ×hybrida (hort.) Hemerocallis japonica C.P.Thunberg ex A. Murray Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L, Hemerocallis flava L, Lemon Lily, Yellow daylily Hemerocallis littorea Makino Hemerocallis micrantha Nakai Hemerocallis middendorffii Trautv. & Mey. Hemerocallis minor Mill. Hemerocallis multiflora Stout Hemerocallis nana W.W.Sm. & Forrest Hemerocallis ×ochroleuca (hort. ex Bergmans) Hemerocallis pedicellata Nakai Hemerocallis plicata Stapf Hemerocallis sempervirens Araki Hemerocallis sendaica Ohwi Hemerocallis serotina Focke Hemerocallis ×stoutiana Traub (hort.) Hemerocallis sulphurea Nakai Hemerocallis taeanensis S.S.Kang & M.G.Chung Hemerocallis thunbergii Baker Hemerocallis ×traubara Moldenke (hort.) Hemerocallis ×traubiana Moldenke (hort.) Hemerocallis vespertina Hara • • • • Hemerocallis Hemerocallis Hemerocallis Hemerocallis Daylily washingtonia Traub ×yeldara Traub (hort.) ×yeldiana Traub (hort.) yezoensis Hara References [1] Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607 [2] "International Daylily Groups". American Hemerocallis Society. http://www.daylilies.org/ingroups.html. [3] Daylilies undated info page at University of Nebraska. Accessed August 1, 2007. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • See also • Arlow Stout - pioneer in the hybridization of daylilies External links • • • • • • The American Hemerocallis Society Ontario Daylily Society Daylily Auctions - US and Canada Australian Daylily Society Extensive information and daylily pictures The Daylily Exchange (Links to informational and commercial daylily websites) The Lily Auction Daylilies hybrids UKDaylilies Hemerocallis daylilies site with botanical photographs Guide to buying daylilies online • • • • Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylily" Categories: Flowers, Hemerocallidaceae genera, Inflorescence vegetables, Root vegetables, Leaf vegetables This page was last modified on 29 April 2009, at 18:22 (UTC). All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) taxdeductible nonprofit charity. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers 4