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TYPES OF PRODUCTION PLATFORMS
CSIROPETROLEUM
Fixed Platform: Compliant Tower:
Built on concrete or steel Narrow and flexiable towers with a
Legs & anchored to seabed. Piled foundation to support a
Supporting a Deck for drilling & convention deck for drilling and
production facilities & also production facilities and operations.
Crew quarters. Feasible for water Typically use for water depth 450 to
depth up to 520 m 900 m.
TYPES PLATFORMS
Semi-submersible Platform: Jack up Platform:
Partly submerged into the sea using Platform that can be jacked up above
legs of sufficient bouyancy to float it but the sea using legs that can be jacked
Sufficient weight to keep it upright. It down. The platform is anchored in place
can be moved from place to place. Can Using the jack-like legs and can be
be ballasted up or down. It can be used moved away after finishing the job.
For water depth 180 to 1800 m
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide1
TYPES OF PRODUCTION PLATFORMS
CSIROPETROLEUM
Drillship: Floating Production System:
A maritime vessel that is fitted with FPSO, FSO, FSU. These are large
drilling and production facilities for ships that are equipped with production
operations, especially deep water and and some processing facilities
remote operations. It is often fitted with
a dynamic positioning system
TYPES PLATFORMS
Spar Platform: Tension Leg Platform:
Tethered to the sea bottom by These are floating rigs that are
conventional mooring lines in stead of Tethered to the seabed to eliminate
vertical tension legs. It could be Most of the vertical movement using
conventional one piece cylindrical hull, vertical tension. It can be used in water
the truss spar and the cell spar. depth up to 2000 m.
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide2
TYPES OF OFFSHORE PRODUCTION PLATFORMS
CSIROPETROLEUM
Source: Pat O‟Connor, BP presentation, California & World Ocean‟ 06, September 17-20
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide3
FUNCTION OF PRODUCTION FACILITY
CSIROPETROLEUM
Function of
Production
Facility
Water Oil Gas
Separation Separation Separation
Processing Processing
& Processing To Marketable
Disposal to Marketable Product
Product
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide4
PRODUCTION MECHANISMS
CSIROPETROLEUM
Production
Primary Recovery: Secondary Recovery:
Average Recovery
Mechanisms Additional Recovery
< 30% 15 to 20%
Production Life 6-10
years
In-situ
Combustion
Expansion of Existing Water Water
Dissolved Gas Drive Gas Injection
Injection Steam
Injection
Produced by Tertiary Recovery:
Pump (After secondary recovery)
Average Recovery
Additional 15 to 20%
MEOR
LPG +
Gas Drive CO2+
Surfactant Water
Flooding Miscible
Drive
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide5
PRODUCTION WELL
CSIROPETROLEUM
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7f/Oil_Well.png
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide6
PRODUCTION MECHANISMS
CSIROPETROLEUM
Primary Recovery Secondary Recovery
http://www.maverickenergy.com/oilgas.htm
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide7
PRODUCTION MECHANISMS
CSIROPETROLEUM
http://www.cogeneration.net/enhanced_oil_recovery.htm
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide8
SEPARATION PROCESS
CSIROPETROLEUM
Light HC component Partial Pressure of a
flashing to the vapour component =( No. of
Higher the initial separator phase depends on its molecules of a component
Pressure, greater the partial pressure / No. Molecules of total
amount of Liquid in component in vapour
the separator phase) X Separator
Pressure
Depends on
separator Higher the separator
Pressure Pressure, greater the
partial pressure
Too high initial
Separation pressure, too
many light component Greater the partial
in separator liquid Too low initial separator Pressure, higher the
Pressure, few light tendency to liquid
Components in separator phase
liquid
Light HC components
Will be lost to gas Light HC components
phase at the tank is lost to the gas
phase
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide9
SEPARATED OIL CHARACTERISTICS AND
PROCESSING REQUIREMENT CSIROPETROLEUM
OIL
PROCESSING
Water Removal
Basic Sediment Salt Removal
to 0.5 to 3%
Removal to 0.5 to 3% to 10-25 lbs/1000 bbls
Direct
Fired Heater Hydro- Filters Dilution
Water
cyclones
Removal With FW
Settling
Tanker
Waste Water Stock Truck
Well Head Pipe
Heater Separator Skimmer Vessel Tank
Line
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide10
SEPARATED GAS CHARACTERISTICS AND
PROCESSING REQUIREMENT CSIROPETROLEUM
GAS
CHARACTERISTIC
&
PROCESSING
Water Requires
Vapour Dehydration to Glycol
Saturated 7 lb/MMscf Gas Dehydration
Wet Glycol Pumping
Separation Dry Glycol
Strips Gas
From Water
Vapour
Dry Boiling
Water
Glycol In Reboiler
Boiled off
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide11
PIPE CONSTRUCTION FOR OIL AND GAS
TRANSPORTATION CSIROPETROLEUM
Pipe Line Construction:
Transport O &G to storage
Processing & Distribution
Onshore Offshore
Vegetation & Surface
Anomalies Assembling
Removal Pipe Section on
Prevent Pipe Prevent a Lay Barge
Line Movement Anchor Damage
Pipe Stringing
Individual Pipe Section
May be 80 ft Lowering String Jetting using a sled
Into sea and placement To dig a trench
Into the trench 3 ft Below Mudline
Trench Digging For Pipe >8 in dia &
5-6 ft deep. Must be Water Depth <200 ft
Below 30 in any event
Prevent Fishing Prevent Damage
Gear Damage By Boat traffic
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide12
OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING
FACILITIES CSIROPETROLEUM
Onshore Onshore
Separation Water
Injection
Onshore Gas Gas
Onshore oil
Lift Terminal
production
Subsea Subsea
Separation Tie-back Onshore Onshore Gas
Pipeline Compression
Offshore Gas Gas
Offshore oil
Lift Terminal
production
Offshore Offshore Gas
Pipeline Compression
Offshore
Water Injection
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide13
TERRA NOVA FPSO
CSIROPETROLEUM
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c7/Terra_Nova_FPSOmodule.jpg
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide14
TYPICAL OIL & GAS PRODUCTION FLOW DIAGRAM
OF A FPSO CSIROPETROLEUM
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c7/Terra_Nova_FPSOmodule.jpg
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide15
FPSO FUNCTIONS
CSIROPETROLEUM
Produced
Processing
Oil/gas collection from
Production platform
FPSO
FUNCTIONS
Offloading
Storage
Tanker
Pipeline
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide16
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF WORLD”S
LARGEST FPSO CSIROPETROLEUM
Storage capacity Building Cost
2.2 MM bbls US$800.00 MM
FPSO KIZOMBA A
L = 285 m
Built by Hyundai
Operated by Esso W= 63 m
Heavy Industries
Exploration Angola H = 32 m
Operating Water
Depth: 1200 m Weight = 81,000 tones
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide17
PRODUCTION WELL
CSIROPETROLEUM
Rod
Pump Well Head
Casing
Tubing
Packer
Gas
Oil Impervious
Rock
Water
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide18
ESP SYSTEM
CSIROPETROLEUM
A staged series of A special motor with
Centrifugal pumps to a high voltage (3-5 kV) AC
Increase wellbore fluid current source, Temp 150 oC,
pressure Pressure 5000 psi, depth
12000 ft, energy 1000 HP
ESP
System
Not very tolerant to
Solids such as sands
Due to high rpm ( up to Low efficiency with
4000) and tight clearance Significant gas fraction,
> 10%
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7f/Oil_Well.png
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide19
PUMPJACK OR PUMPING UNIT
CSIROPETROLEUM
• Pump jack/Pumping Unit: Overground drive for a reciprocating
piston pump. It is used to mechanically lift liquid if there is not
•
enough reservoir pressure.
The pump jack converts the rotary mechanism of the motor to a
vertical reciprocating motion to drive the pump shaft vertically up and
•
down.
The engine of the pumping jack runs a set of pulleys to transmit the
power to drive a pair of cranks. The cranks have a counter weight on
•
them to assist the motor to lift the heavy string of rod.
The cranks in turns raise and lower one end of an „I‟ beam which is
free to move on an “A” frame.
• The other end of the „I‟ beam has a curved metal box known as
•
horse/donkey head.
A metal cable or fiber glass known as bridle is connected to the
horse head and the polished pipe. The bridle follows the curve of the
horse head as it lowers or raises to create a completely vertical
•
stroke.
Depending on the size of the pump, it generally produces 5 to 40
litres oil-water mixture per stroke
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide20
BEAM PUMP ELEMENTS
CSIROPETROLEUM
Clamp: Sucker & Polished Rods
Gripping the polished rod body and Transmit movement from the surface
holding the sucker rod string drive to the deep well plunger
suspended
BEAM PUMP
ELEMENT
Coupling
Joins sucker rods together Centraliser
(a) Centralising the sucker rod to protect
tubing and sucker rod coupling.
(b) Cleaning sucker rod and tubing from
asphaltene, pitch & paraffin deposits.
(c) Protecting sucker rod and tubing
from high wear
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide21
SURFACE DRIVE FOR SCREW PUMP
CSIROPETROLEUM
The surface drive of screw pump is designed for operation as a part of the unit for
pumping-out formation fluid from the wells.
http://motovilikha.perm.ru/mash/neften/neftepromen/
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide22
DOWNHOLE SAFETY VALVE (DHSV)
CSIROPETROLEUM
• Down hole Safety Valve: These are usually uni-directional flapper valves which open downwards under the
action of pressure applied from the surface. During well shut off, wellbore fluid pressure closes the valve thus
•
isolate the reservoir fluids from surface.
•
Positioning of Downhole Safety Valve
Positioning High (Low Depth) – higher the position of the DHSV, lower the amount of HC
above it when the well is shut off. Hence, in the event of any accident, there is no possibility of large
volume of fluid spill and thus little environmental damage due to the spill. Also there is a lower scope
fire and lower severity of fire. Therefore, placing the valve higher reduces hazards associated with
•
spills and fire.
Positioning Low (High Depth) -Deeper the position of the DHSV, higher the amount of HC
above it when the well is shut off. Hence, in the event of any accident, there is high possibility of
large volume of fluid spill and thus high environmental damage due to the spill. Also there is a
higher scope of fire and lseverity of fire. Therefore, placing the valve lower increases hazards
associated with spills and fire.
Deeper the position of the DHSV, larger the hydraulic control line below the surface that are used to
open the DHSV. Hence, the weight of the hydraulic fluid alone may apply sufficient pressure to keep
•
the valve open, even with the loss of surface pressure.
Optimum Depth: The DHSV should be positioned subsurface to prevent any potential damage to
it from risk of cratering in the event of a catastropic loss of the top side facility. It shoud be placed
beyond the cratering risk depth.
Confidential – internal use only AmanSlide23
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