Global Market for
Nanoscale Smart Materials
The Global Market for Nanoscale Smart Materials
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The Global Market for Nanoscale Smart Materials
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................8
2 METHODOLOGY ...........................................................................................................10
2.1 Quantitative data collection.............................................................................................. 11
2.2 Qualitative data collection ................................................................................................ 12
2.3 Market forecasting.............................................................................................................. 13
3 SMART MATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY ................................................14
3.1 SMART SYSTEMS ................................................................................................................ 15
3.2 PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS ............................................................................................ 18
3.3 ELECTROSTRICTIVE AND MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS.................................... 19
3.4 ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS....................................................................................... 20
3.5 SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS................................................................................................... 21
3.6 THERMOELECTRICS ........................................................................................................... 23
3.7 ELECTRO-, MAGNETO-, RHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS .......................................................... 24
3.7.1 Electrorheological (ER) fluids...................................................................................... 25
3.7.1.1 Mechanical damper ............................................................................................. 26
3.7.1.2 Clutch, brake/brake control .............................................................................. 27
3.7.1.3 Sports equipment................................................................................................ 28
3.7.2 Magneto-rheological (MR) fluids ................................................................................ 29
3.8 SMART GELS........................................................................................................................ 30
4 NANOMATERIALS FOR SMARTNESS ...................................................................32
4.1 THIN FILMS AND COATINGS............................................................................................ 37
4.2 NANOPARTICLES ................................................................................................................ 38
4.3 NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS ..................................................................................... 39
4.4 CARBON NANOTUBES........................................................................................................ 40
4.5 NANOWIRES ........................................................................................................................ 43
4.6 FULLERENES ........................................................................................................................ 43
4.7 QUANTUM DOTS ................................................................................................................. 43
5 MARKETS FOR NANOSCALE SMART MATERIALS ...........................................45
5.1 COMMERCIALISATION....................................................................................................... 47
5.1.1 Need for smart materials............................................................................................. 47
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The Global Market for Nanoscale Smart Materials
5.1.2 Drivers of Change.......................................................................................................... 50
5.1.3 Future Trends and Outlook.......................................................................................... 51
5.1.4 State of the art in nanotechnology in smart materials ......................................... 52
5.2 LIFE SCIENCES AND HEALTHCARE................................................................................. 57
5.2.1 Tissue engineering ........................................................................................................ 59
5.2.2 Biomedicine .................................................................................................................... 60
5.2.3 Drug delivery.................................................................................................................. 60
5.2.4 Implants .......................................................................................................................... 62
5.2.5 In vivo sensing............................................................................................................... 62
5.2.6 Applications timeline..................................................................................................... 64
5.3 ENERGY................................................................................................................................. 65
5.3.1 Energy conversion/production.................................................................................... 65
5.3.2 Energy storage............................................................................................................... 66
5.3.3 Energy saving................................................................................................................. 66
5.3.4 Applications timeline..................................................................................................... 66
5.4 ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................................... 68
5.4.1 Detection ......................................................................................................................... 68
5.4.2 Treatment ....................................................................................................................... 69
5.4.3 Remediation.................................................................................................................... 70
5.4.4 Applications Timeline.................................................................................................... 71
5.5 AEROSPACE AND AVIATION............................................................................................. 71
5.5.1 Wings ............................................................................................................................... 72
5.5.2 Self-sensing structures ................................................................................................ 73
5.5.3 Adaptive Control ............................................................................................................ 73
5.5.4 Self-healing coatings .................................................................................................... 74
5.5.5 Applications timeline..................................................................................................... 75
5.6 DEFENCE............................................................................................................................... 75
5.6.1 Self healing and repair systems ................................................................................. 76
5.6.2 Self-Decontaminating surfaces................................................................................... 76
5.6.3 Biosensing and biodefense .......................................................................................... 77
5.6.4 Protective clothing......................................................................................................... 77
5.6.5 Applications Timeline.................................................................................................... 78
5.7 AUTOMOTIVE....................................................................................................................... 78
5.7.1 Brakes .............................................................................................................................. 80
5.7.2 Tires.................................................................................................................................. 80
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The Global Market for Nanoscale Smart Materials
5.7.3 Vibration Control............................................................................................................ 81
5.7.4 Applications timeline..................................................................................................... 81
5.8 AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND PACKAGING........................................................................ 82
5.8.1 Supply chain ................................................................................................................... 82
5.8.2 Sensing ............................................................................................................................ 83
5.8.3 Smart labels ................................................................................................................... 83
5.8.4 Bioactive Surfaces ......................................................................................................... 83
5.8.5 Packaging ........................................................................................................................ 84
5.8.6 Applications timeline..................................................................................................... 86
5.9 SPORTS AND LEISURE ...................................................................................................... 87
5.9.1 Piezoelectric vibration reduction ................................................................................ 88
5.9.2 Applications timeline..................................................................................................... 89
5.10 CONSTRUCTION.................................................................................................................. 89
5.10.1 Structural Health Monitoring....................................................................................... 90
5.10.2 Vibration control ............................................................................................................ 91
5.10.3 Applications timeline..................................................................................................... 92
5.11 TEXTILES .............................................................................................................................. 93
5.11.1 Protective clothing......................................................................................................... 94
5.11.2 Functional fabrics .......................................................................................................... 94
5.11.3 Applications Timeline .................................................................................................... 96
5.12 KEY PLAYERS IN NANOSCALE SMART MATERIALS ..................................................... 97
6 PIEZOELECTRIC SMART MATERIALS................................................................101
6.1 NANOMATERIALS FOR PIEZOELECTRICS .................................................................... 107
6.1.1 Piezoelectrically Actuated MEMS RF Switch........................................................... 109
6.1.2 Quantum chaos in a NEMS structure ...................................................................... 110
6.1.3 Processing and deposition ......................................................................................... 110
6.1.4 State of Art of Theory and Simulation .................................................................... 112
6.2 MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS ...................................................................................... 115
6.2.1 Tubular Actuators ........................................................................................................ 116
6.2.2 Bending-mode actuators............................................................................................ 116
6.2.3 Active Noise Control.................................................................................................... 119
6.2.4 Active shape control ................................................................................................... 119
6.2.5 Smart sensors for side impact diagnostics in automobiles ................................ 120
6.2.6 Cochlear implant for hearing losses ........................................................................ 120
6.2.7 Nano shutter for space applications ........................................................................ 121
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6.2.8 Sensors Market ............................................................................................................ 122
6.2.9 Smart Sensors for Automotive manufacturing ..................................................... 123
6.2.10 Smart Sensors for Healthcare .................................................................................. 124
6.2.11 Market Demands and competitive situation .......................................................... 126
6.2.11.1 Information and communication.................................................................... 128
6.2.11.2 Automobiles, consumer products and environment .................................. 128
6.2.11.3 Medical and biological ...................................................................................... 128
6.2.11.4 Production and inspection ............................................................................... 128
6.3 CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS........................................................................................ 131
6.3.1 Ultra low defects materials........................................................................................ 131
6.3.2 High Tc materials......................................................................................................... 132
7 THERMOELECTRIC SMART MATERIALS ...........................................................133
7.1 NANOMATERIALS FOR THERMOELECTRICS................................................................ 135
7.2 MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS ...................................................................................... 138
7.2.1 Thermoelectric Coolers............................................................................................... 141
7.2.2 Thermoelectric Power Generators............................................................................ 143
7.2.3 Applications................................................................................................................... 145
7.2.3.1 Thermoelectric Coolers .................................................................................... 147
7.2.3.2 Solar Thermoelectric Generation ................................................................... 149
7.2.3.3 Thermal energy sensors .................................................................................. 149
7.2.3.4 Cryogenic heat flux sensor.............................................................................. 149
7.2.3.5 Ultrasonic intensity sensor .............................................................................. 149
7.2.3.6 Detection of water condensation ................................................................... 150
7.2.3.7 Fluid flow sensor................................................................................................ 150
7.2.3.8 Infrared sensor .................................................................................................. 150
7.2.3.9 Thin film thermoelectric sensor ..................................................................... 150
7.3 CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS........................................................................................ 153
7.3.1 Challenges in Material Synthesis ............................................................................. 154
7.3.2 Challenges in Characterization and Measurement ............................................... 155
7.3.3 Challenges in Understanding and Modeling Transport Phenomena ................. 156
7.3.4 Challenges in Device Integration and Operation .................................................. 156
7.3.4.1 Sublimation ........................................................................................................ 156
7.3.4.2 Device Integration ............................................................................................ 157
7.3.4.3 Lifetime Thermoelectric Property Variations ............................................... 158
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The Global Market for N