History of Basketball and Rules of the Game

History of Basketball & Rules of the Game Basketball • Developed by James Naismith, in 1892 at Springfield College (MA). • First major team sport invented in the United States. – Celebrated its 100th anniversary in 1992. Basketball • Soccer • Football • Duck on a rock (a game in which a ball was tossed at a goal) • Lacrosse • Combined elements of these games with the creative goal of throwing a soccer ball through an elevated basket- Basket Ball. Basketball • Peach baskets (with bottoms) • Team ―keepaway‖ game • Purpose: ?? Four Fundamentals • No running with the ball • No tackling or rough body contact • A horizontal goal above players' heads • Freedom of any player to obtain the ball and score at any time. Basketball • The uniform on that historic day in December was long gray trousers, short sleeved jerseys and a pair of gym shoes. • Nine players--a goalkeeper, two guards (right and left), three centers (right center, left center, and center), two wings (right and left) and a home man, stationed in this order from the goal. • The rules called for a referee and an umpire. Spread of the Game • Wildfire • Rise in popularity also resulted from its adaptability-all skill levels and genders could participate. Standardized rules • 13 typewritten statements posted on the gymnasium bulletin board December of 1891. • Today, high schools, colleges, professionals, and international basketball all have separate rules. The Coach • First coach-Forrest ―Phog‖ Allen – Kansas University, 1910 • ―Basketball is meant to be played and not coached‖ ~James Naismith • In rebuttal…acceptance of basketball coaching as a profession fostered the continued development of the game and improvements in the level of competition. Basket Ball • By the early 1900s, basketball was played at about 90 colleges—most of them located in the East and Midwest. • Intercollegiate championship • NCAA vs. NIT Intercollegiate Basketball • 8 districts, 8 teams • As the tournament gained importance, the field gradually enlarged to its present size of 64, made up of champions from a number of conferences, in addition to other successful teams. Professional Sport • Professional basketball began in 1896 at a YMCA in Trenton, New Jersey. • In 1898, a group of New Jersey newspaper sports editors founded the National Basketball League (NBL). – The NBL consisted of six franchises from Pennsylvania and New Jersey. – Stars of this league included Ed Wachter, who played in about 1,800 professional games, and Barney Sedran, who played on 10 championship teams in 15 years. Specialized Equipment • Balls – Made of leather and stitched together with a rubber bladder inside. – The molded basketball, introduced in about 1942, was a significant advancement for the sport. Specialized Equipment • In 1906, people began opening the netting to let the ball fall through. – The peach basket was later replaced by a metal rim with a net hanging below. Basket Ball • Early in basketball history, chicken wire was used to build cages to separate the players from the audience. • The wire cages also served to protect the players from objects thrown onto the court by people in the stands. Fouls • Early Basketball – 2nd foul – 3 consecutive fouls • Beginning in 1894, players were given a free throw when fouled. – 5 fouls – Offensive foul Passing • Layups/short range shots • Most coaches discouraged dribbling because it took away team play and was often called "showboating." Shooting • Almost every player shot a two-handed underhand free throw that started from around the knees, or lower. – Medium and long-shots were even taken in this manner into the early 1930’s – In the 1930’s some players began to develop an accurate outside two-handed set shot that started from the chest. Shooting • The one-handed set shot first began appearing in the early 1940’s. • A few years after that players added a jump to the shot, which gave birth to the one-handed jump shot that was even more effective and accurate from 10 feet-out. Defense • Dominated • Man to man • Most game scores were low, usually in the 30’s. • Each defensive player’s responsibility was to keep his man from scoring. Defense • Pressure/weak side defense – This was the very beginning of the help and recover defensive tactic seen today. • A new type of defense began to appear in the 1950’s called a matchup zone defense. It was great at slowing an offense when properly executed. Women’s Basketball • In 1892 Senda Berenson Abbott introduced basketball to women, at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts. • Too physically demanding= changes made: – 3 equal sections – No snatching or batting the ball from the hands of another player. – Rule of 3’s… Women’s Basketball • Dramatic changes in women's basketball occurred in the late 1960s. – Unlimited dribbling – 5-player, full-court games • With the changes of the late 1960s, women's basketball began a period of tremendous growth, and in 1971 the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) was founded, offering a national college basketball tournament for women. Rule Changes • Offense vs. Defense • Over the years, most rule changes of team sports in America have favored the offense. • Popularity of the game has increased in the same proportion as has team scores. Rules of the Game • Court Dimensions – High school: 50 feet by 84 feet – College: 50 feet by 94 feet • Free throw line is 15 feet from backboard • Three point line – High school/college:19 feet and 9 inches (men’s {proposed}- 3pt 20’ 6 ¼‖) – NBA: 22 feet Rules of the Game • Basketballs – Men’s ball circumference: 30 inches – Women’s ball circumference: 29 inches • Backboards-6 feet horizontally & 3.5 or 4 feet vertically • Rectangle box on backboard-24 inches horizontally and 18 inches vertically • Basket – Diameter=18 inches – Height=10 feet Rules of the Game • – – – – – – Scoring 3 points=behind the 3 point line 2 points=any other field goal 1 point=free throw Professional=4 quarters of 12 minutes each College=two halves of 20 minutes each High school=4 quarters of 8 minutes each • Length of game • 1. 2. 3. 4. Clock is stopped: Between quarters/halves During timeouts Ball goes out of bounds When shooting free throws Rules of the Game • Fouls – – – – – High school/college=5 per game NBA=6 per game If a player is shooting, he/she gets 2 free throws Any other foul opponent receives ball out of bounds If in the bonus then shoot free throws for non-shooting foul • 1. 2. 3. 4. Types of fouls Stopping the opponent’s progress Using your hands on an opponent Extending your arms to hinder your opponent Illegal screen-moving screen Rules of the Game • Violations-cause your team to lose possession of the ball Ball goes out of bounds Over and back Traveling Double dribble Charging 5 seconds to inbounds the ball 10 seconds to cross mid-court 3 seconds in the lane for offensive player 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.