Jay_Pritzker_Pavilion

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jay Pritzker Pavilion Jay Pritzker Pavilion Jay Pritzker Pavilion Pritzker Pavilion and Millennium Park with Historic Michigan Boulevard District background Address City Country Architect Owned by Capacity Opened Years active Current use Millennium Park Chicago, Illinois United States Frank Gehry City of Chicago 11,000 (4,000 fixed, 7,000 lawn)[1] 2004-07-16 2004-present Performing arts Music Festival, the nation’s only remaining free outdoor classical music series. The structure is built partially atop the Harris Theater for Music and Dance, the park’s indoor performing arts venue.[2] It serves as the centerpiece for the park that was opened on July 16, 2004.[3] At first the lawn seats were free for all concerts, but when Tori Amos performed the venue’s first mainstream concert at the pavilion on August 31, 2005 this changed.[4][5][6] The performance venue is designed with a large fixed seating area, a great lawn, a trellis network to support the sound system and a signature Gehry stainless steel headdress. It features a sound system with an innovative acoustic design that replicates an indoor concert hall sound experience. The pavilion and the park in general are well-known and respected for their accessibility.[7] Design and development Columbus Dr. McDonald’s Cycle Center BP Bridge Exelon Pavilion NE Exelon Pavilion SE Harris Theater Jay Pritzker Pavilion and Great Lawn Lurie Garden Exelon Pavilion NW Exelon Pavilion SW R a n d o l p h S t. Nichols Bridgeway M o n Jay Pritzker Pavilion, Pritzker Pavilion, or Pritzker Music Pavilion is a band shell in the Loop community area of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The pavilion was designed by Frank Gehry, named for Pritzker family member Jay Pritzker, and was constructed between June 1999 and July 2004 in Millennium Park.[1] It is located on the south side of Randolph Street directly across from some of the tallest buildings in the world and east of the Chicago Landmark Historic Michigan Boulevard District. It is the park’s outdoor performing arts venue and the new home of the Grant Park Symphony Orchestra and Chorus. As home of the Grant Park Symphony Orchestra and Chorus it is also the home of the Grant Park 1 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia r o e S t. Chase Promenade North Chase Promenade Central Chase Promenade South Boeing Gallery North AT&T Plaza Cloud Gate Boeing Gallery South Wrigley Square McCormick Tribune Plaza & Ice Rink Crown Fountain Michigan Ave. Jay Pritzker Pavilion include Mayor Daley trademarks such as wrought iron and seasonal flower boxes.[10] Millennium Park, project manager Edward Uhlir said "Frank is just the cutting edge of the next century of architecture," and he noted that no other architect was being sought.[8] Gehry was approached several times by Skidmore architect Adrian Smith on behalf of the city.[11] The choice of Gehry was a key component of having modern themes in the park.[8][11] stage view (background: Millennium Park, Historic Michigan Boulevard District) In April 1999, the city announced that the Pritzker family had donated $15 million to fund Gehry’s Bandshell and an additional nine donors committed a total of $10 million.[12][13] The day of this announcement, Gehry agreed to the design request.[14] In November, when his design was unveiled, Gehry said the Bridge was very preliminary and not well-conceived because funding for it was not committed.[15] Grant Park has been protected by 172 years of "forever open, clear and free" legislation that has been affirmed by four previous Illinois Supreme Court rulings.[16][17][18] Aaron Montgomery Ward twice sued the city of Chicago to force it to remove buildings and structures from Grant Park and to keep it rear lawn Prudentia Map of Millennium Park In February 1999, the city announced it was negotiating with Frank Gehry to design a proscenium arch and orchestra enclosure for a band shell as well as a pedestrian bridge, that became BP Pedestrian Bridge, crossing Columbus Drive and that it was seeking donors to cover his work.[8][9] At the time, the Chicago Tribune dubbed Gehry "the hottest architect in the universe" in reference to the acclaim for his Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, and they noted the designs would not 2 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia from building new ones.[19] As a result, the city has what are termed the Montgomery Ward height restrictions on buildings and structures in Grant Park. However, Crown Fountain and the 139-foot (42 m) Pritzker Pavilion were exempt from the height restriction because they were classified as works of art and not buildings or structures.[20] Some say the Pavilion is described as a work of art to dodge the protections established by Ward who is said to continue to rule and protect Grant Park from his grave.[21] Jay Pritzker Pavilion The Pavilion from the Sears Tower (before Legacy Tower) Merriweather Post Pavilion in Columbia, Maryland, the Concord Performing Arts Center in Concord, California, and numerous renovations to the Hollywood Bowl in Hollywood, California. It is also a part of a larger inner city redevelopment that includes a theater, extensive gardens and a Gehry-designed serpentine pedestrian footbridge that buffers against street noise.[29] The redevelopment was part of an effort to overcome unsightly railroad tracks and parking lots.[30] Much like his Experience Music Project in Seattle, Washington, it suggests musical qualities. The trellis design was an effort to avoid the traditional obstructing forest of speaker towers.[29] Pavilion from the north The pavilion includes 4,000 fixed seats and a 95,000-square-foot (8,800 m2) Great Lawn that can accommodate an additional 7,000 people.[1] Early plans to incorporate a surrounding waterfall and stairway were abandoned.[22] It features a 120-foot (37 m) proscenium theatre with a brushed stainless steel headdress. The main stage, which can accommodate a full orchestra and chorus of 150 members,[23] is connected by this frame to a trellis of interlocking crisscrossing steel pipes that support the sound system. The innovative sound system distributes sound to mimic indoor concert hall acoustics.[24] The trellis is 600 feet by 300 feet (183 m × 91 m).[25] It is located above and behind the Harris Theater and this has the benefit that the park’s indoor and outdoor performance venues are able to share a loading dock, rehearsal rooms and other backstage facilities.[26] The project cost 60 million dollars,[27] and is named after Jay Pritzker, a prominent Chicago businessman from the Pritzker family, who own the Hyatt Hotels.[28] The family contributed $15 million to the construction.[23] This pavilion follows a series of open-air projects by Guggenheim Museum Bilbao designer, Frank Gehry, such as the The pavilion band shell is designed to reflect sound for optimal acoustics. The original design was much more modest. It had a smaller shell structure and speakers affixed to poles interspersed throughout the seating area. However, two things happened to change the original plans. John H. Bryan, former CEO of the Sara Lee Corporation, raised revenues to change the 3 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia scope of the project. Also, Jay Pritzker’s widow, Cindy, was unimpressed with the design and demanded that Gehry be involved.[3] Despite the redesign, the pavilion has its blemishes: the supporting backside along Randolph Street is controversial, and the fact that the supporting proscenium braces are left exposed is offensive to some observers.[31] Other people contest that the smooth rounded trellis and sharp-edged band shell are geometrically discordant.[32] The Millennium Park director has been honored for his contribution to making America more accessible. The stage is accessible by gently-sloped ramps instead of stairs as part of the overall parks accessibility aware design.[7] There was controversy that the Great Lawn was not sloped as much as planned to save money,[33] but Gehry says that the slope was more accommodating to people with disabilities and better able to accommodate lawn activities than originally planned.[34] Jay Pritzker Pavilion sound quality to be fairly uniform throughout the entire venue, and has received critical acclaim for adaptations of its technologies such as signal processing in a variety of indoor and outdoor venues.[3][35] The Pritzker Pavilion is the first permanent outdoor installation of the LARES system in the United States. The trellis serves acoustic and architectural purposes because it allows for the precise placement for sound optimization without visual obstructions, as well as simultaneously providing a unifying visual canopy.[3] The overall acoustic system is described as a distributed sound reinforcement system. It uses many innovative features as well as standard sound reinforcement techniques. With this system musicians on stage are able to hear each other clearly in a way that facilitates ensemble play. In addition, direct natural sound from the stage is reflected from architectural surfaces as well as being reinforced by two sound systems. The forward facing reinforcement speakers time the relaying of sound so as to make it seem to have arrived directly from the stage with clarity and proper volume levels. Distributed speakers allow for lower sound volumes than would be necessary with centralized speakers that would disturb the neighboring residences and business.[36][3] The trellis system has several unique features. Instead of merely reinforcing the sound like a traditional public address system, it seeks to replicate the acoustics of a concert hall, and it creates a clearly defined concert space. Sound arriving directly from lateral sources masks city disturbances. Downward facing acoustic enhancement speakers simulate sound reflection similar to indoor concert hall wall and ceiling effects.[36][3] Some critics reservedly say that the acousticians, Talaske Group of Oak Park, Illinois, and Gehry have solved many of the problems and mysteries of the outdoor presentation of classical music.[37] Acoustics Events Speakers close up The Pritzker Pavilion uses an innovative LARES sound system, which generates reflected and reverberant energy that surrounds the audience. The system causes the The Jay Pritzker Pavilion competes with Ravinia Festival as a Chicagoland outdoor music venue.[38][39] It hosts free music events from spring to fall, such as the Grant Park Music Festival and Gospel Fest.[28] The Grant Park Symphony Orchestra performs the free classical concerts at the Grant Park Music Festival in June, July and August.[40] 4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jay Pritzker Pavilion concert! The lawn and the general seating section are always admission free."[4] When parking revenue fell short of estimates during the first year however, the city charged $10 for lawn seating at the August 31, 2005 concert by Tori Amos. The city justified this by contending that since the Pavilion is an open air venue, there were many places in Millennium Park, such as the Cloud Gate, Crown Fountain and Lurie Gardens, where one could have enjoyed the sounds or the atmosphere of the park without having to pay.[4][5] In a related controversy of this concert, the Gehry-designed BP Pedestrian Bridge that connects Millenium Park with Daley Bicentennial Plaza was closed until 7:00 A.M. the next day.[49] Amos, a classically trained musician who chose only piano and organ accompaniment, earned positive reviews as the inaugural rock and roll performer in this venue that has become a regular host to classical music.[50][51] In addition to charging for lawn seating, the event promoters prohibited customers from bringing any beverage, including bottled water, to the lawn; drinks instead had to be purchased onsite.[5] The city stated later that confiscation of unopened beverage bottles was a mistake and that "Bottled water is always allowed at the free concerts we host at the park, and will be allowed at any future events as well."[52] An estimated 300 attendees set up their blankets beyond the bounds of the trellis system where they could enjoy their own beverage while listening to the concert.[51] The official Chicago policy is that alcohol is permitted on throughout the Jay Pritzker Pavilion during public performance, but glass bottles and cans are not permitted on the Great Lawn.[53] A crowd on the Great Lawn These free concerts are part of the broad offerings of free music in Chicago that have become one of the best free things to do in Chicago.[41] Other recent events include a concert by Wilco on September 12, 2007, the "Poland for Chicago", which featured Lech Kaczyński on September 25, 2007, and concerts by Rogue Wave and Death Cab for Cutie on June 3, 2008.[42][43][44] The pavilion also hosts a series of jazz concerts in July and August.[45] On Saturday mornings in the summer, the great lawn under the trellis system hosts various workouts such as yoga and pilates,[46] however events are not just limited to the summer months.[47] The Pritzker Prize presentation ceremony, which moves to various architecturally significant international locations each year, was held in the Pritzker Pavilion in 2005.[48] Chicago Children’s Choir backstage at Jay Pritzker Pavilion The initial plan was that the lawn seating would be free for all events. In fact, an early brochure for the Grant Park Music Festival said "You never need a ticket to attend a Pavilion from seats during a performance 5 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This was not the first controversy about the Pavilion. In addition to the cost and time overruns, the general idea of the Pavilion to replace the long-time downtown Petrillo Music shell in Grant Park, was contrary to the wishes of the Petrillo family. The Petrillo music shell has a long history of hosting free music events.[54] The pavilion has hosted several one-day events that were noted in international publications. The United States debut of A Throw of Dice, a 1929 Indian silent movie about two Kings with a common love interest, occurred on July 30, 2008 at the Pavilion. At the debut, Nitin Sawhney and the Grant Park Orchestra accompanied the movie with a live performance.[55] A global warming awareness festival culminated in a performance entitled Arctic at the pavilion.[56] Oprah Winfrey filmed the September 8, 2008 season-opening Oprah Winfrey Show on September 3, 2008 at the Pavilion with Michael Phelps, Nastia Liukin, Dara Torres, Kobe Bryant, Misty MayTreanor, Kerri Walsh, and more than 150 olympic medalists in an effort to rally support for the Chicago 2016 Olympic bid.[57][58][59] In addition to the various public events that the Pavilion hosts, it hosts private events. It is available, as is the entire park, as a venue for private events year round. The stage’s design with a glass and steel door "curtain" enable it to provide indoor space protected from the elements when necessary.[60] In addition, the Pavilion has a Choral Rehearsal Room that is available for rental for private purposes.[61] Jay Pritzker Pavilion only free, outdoor classical music series and features the Grammy-Nominated Grant Park Orchestra and Chorus.[63] The 2007 performances were on Wednesday, Friday and Saturday from mid-June to mid-August.[64] On July 18, 2007, the Grant Park Music Festival partnered with the Metro Chicago to produce a free, Wednesday-night show featuring indie band The Decemberists. The concert was a rare orchestral collaboration with the Grant Park Orchestra and featured brand-new orchestral arrangements of The Decemberists’ songs arranged and conducted by Sean O’Loughlin. While the concert was free to the public, the front seating sections of the pavilion were reserved those who had purchased season membership passes.[65] Fans of the band began forming a line hours prior to the show in a bid to obtain the remaining first-come, first-served seats in the Pavilion. As a result, membership holders who were mostly unfamiliar with the band were seated closest to the stage, while the remaining fans were seated farther away. This audience dichotomy did not go unnoticed by Decemberists’ frontman Colin Meloy, as evidenced during the band’s encore performance (without the orchestra) when he encouraged the crowd to breach the barriers separating the Pavilion’s seats from the great lawn in order to get closer to the stage. The show had the largest attendance volume of any free concert held at Jay Pritzker Pavilion with an estimated attendance of over 10,000.[66] Grant Park Music Festival Critical review By many accounts the Pavilion is the highlight of Millennium Park. Fodor’s describes it as the "showstopper" of the park;[67] Time calls it "dynamic",[68] and one New York Times writer found herself standing "agog" at what appeared to her to be a "celestial gateway to another universe" and a frame for the sky.[69] Lonely Planet describes the Pavilion as the anchor of the park.[70] The 2004 year in review issue of Time describes it as the crown jewel of the park.[71] The USA Today describes the bandshell as a landmark and the centerpiece of the park.[72][73] The bandshell’s acoustics are unparalleled by any contemporary outdoor venue according to the Financial Times.[74] Another Financial Times critic notes that Gehry revisits some of his past motifs such as his use of stainless steel The Decemberists play a free concert with the Grant Park Orchestra The Grant Park Music Festival, a Chicago tradition since 1931,[62] remains the nation’s 6 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia and explores new ones such as his trellis and sound system.[75] Jay Pritzker Pavilion Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. http://docs.newsbank.com/ openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CTRB&rft_val_format= fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10C3BBDD80EBBF90&svc_ Retrieved on 2008-05-18. [7] ^ Deyer, Joshua (July 2005). "Chicago’s New Class Act" (PDF). PN. Paralyzed View of Veterans of America. Jay http://pva.convio.net/site/DocServer/ The pavilion Pritzker PN_BFA_2005_Article.pdf?docID=1921. amid Grant Pavilion Retrieved on 2007-12-21. Park, the A Chicago Police Of- at night [8] ^ Bey, Lee (1999-02-18). "Building for South Side ficer blocks pedestri- while future - Modern architect sought for and the His- an access to Millenlooking park". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. toric nium Park during north. http://docs.newsbank.com/ Michigan Looptopia 2007 with openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ Boulevard Pritzker Pavilion visiw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CSTB&rft_val_format= District ible in the fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0EB42A2E27BC3A9F&svc_ background Retrieved on 2008-07-24. [9] "The City". Daily Herald. Newsbank. 1999-02-18. http://docs.newsbank.com/ openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ [1] ^ "Facts and Dimensions of Jay Pritzker iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:ADHB&rft_val_format= Pavilion". City of Chicago. fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0ED0293A7773EBF9&svc_ http://www.millenniumpark.org/ Retrieved on 2008-07-24. artandarchitecture/ [10] Warren, Ellen and Teresa Wiltz jay_pritzker_factsheet.html. Retrieved on (1999-02-17). "City Has Designs On Ace 2007-09-20. Architect For Its Band Shell". Chicago [2] "The Jay Pritzker Pavilion". Pbase.com Tribune. Newsbank. and Kenneth Tanaka. http://docs.newsbank.com/ http://www.pbase.com/tanakak/pritzker. openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ Retrieved on 2007-09-20. iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CTRB&rft_val_format= [3] ^ Delacoma, Wayne. "The Jay Pritzker fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0EB42A2E27BC3A9F&svc_ Music Pavilion Sounds as Good as it Retrieved on 2008-07-24. Looks". http://www.lares-lexicon.com/ [11] ^ Kamin, Blair (1999-04-18). "A Worldmillenium/millenium.html. Retrieved on Class Designer Turns His Eye To 2007-09-20. Architecture’s First City". Chicago [4] ^ Herrmann, Andrew (2005-09-01). Tribune. Newsbank. "Howls over charge for Millennium Park http://docs.newsbank.com/ concert // Watchdog contends lawn seats openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ supposed to be free". Chicago Suniw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CTRB&rft_val_format= Times. Newsbank. fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0EB42A4E848E3AFC&svc_ http://docs.newsbank.com/ Retrieved on 2008-07-24. openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ "Millennium Park Gets Millions". Chicago [12] iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CSTB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/ Tribune. Newsbank. 1999-04-27. fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10CEE1EF3961DD78&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=AA98CDC3 http://docs.newsbank.com/ Retrieved on 2008-05-18. openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ [5] ^ "City Charges To Publicly View Its iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CTRB&rft_val_format= Private Parts". Chicagoist. Gothamist fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0EB42A53177A0D06&svc_d LLC. 2005-09-01. http://chicagoist.com/ Retrieved on 2008-07-24. 2005/09/01/ [13] Spielman, Fran (1999-04-28). "Room for city_charges_to_publicly_view_its_private_parts.php. Park to grow". Chicago Sun-Times. Grant Retrieved on 2008-05-18. Newsbank. http://docs.newsbank.com/ [6] Downing, Andy (2005-08-26). "Can Tori openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ Amos pass the Millennium Park test?". iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CSTB&rft_val_format= Gallery Notes 7 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jay Pritzker Pavilion fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0EB4240F126851DB&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=AA98CDC33 displaystory.cfm?story_id=9905732. Retrieved on 2008-07-24. Retrieved on 2008-07-31. [14] De LaFuente, Della (1999-04-28). [22] Song, Lisa (2000-01-07). "City Tweaks "Architect on board to help build bridge Millennium Park Design". Chicago to 21st century". Chicago Sun-Times. Tribune. Newsbank. Newsbank. http://docs.newsbank.com/ http://docs.newsbank.com/ openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CSTB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/ iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CTRB&rft_val_format= fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0EB4240F06C75DE5&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=AA98CDC3 fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0EB4862A2DB2FB15&svc_ Retrieved on 2008-07-24. Retrieved on 2008-07-24. [15] Kamin, Blair (1999-11-04). "Architect’s [23] ^ "Pritzker Pavilion, The". Band Shell Design Filled With Heavychicagoarchitecture.info. Metal Twists". Chicago Tribune. http://chicagoarchitecture.info/Building/ Newsbank. http://docs.newsbank.com/ 1248/Pritzker_Pavilion__The.php. openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ Retrieved on 2007-09-20. iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CTRB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/ Pavilion". City of Chicago. [24] "Jay Pritzker fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0EF7FF2E848D60A9&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=AA98CDC3 http://www.millenniumpark.org/ Retrieved on 2008-07-24. artandarchitecture/ [16] Spielman, Fran (2008-06-12). "Mayor jay_pritzker_pavilion.html. Retrieved on gets what he wants - Council OKs move 2007-09-20. 33-16 despite opposition". Chicago Sun[25] Kamin, Blair. "Jay Pritzker Pavilion". Times. Newsbank. Architectural Record. The McGraw-Hill http://docs.newsbank.com/ Companies, Inc.. openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ http://archrecord.construction.com/ iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CSTB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/ projects/BTS/archives/perform/ fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=121435C3FB5CE640&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=AA98CDC33 05_jayPritzker/overview.asp. Retrieved Retrieved on 2008-07-29. on 2007-09-20. [17] "The taking of Grant Park". Chicago [26] Kamin, Blair (2004-07-18). "Joan W. and Tribune. Newsbank. 2008-06-08. Irving B. Harris Theater for Music and http://docs.newsbank.com/ Dance - ** - 205 E. Randolph Drive openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ Hammond Beeby Rupert Ainge, iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CTRB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/ Chicago". Chicago Tribune. newsbank. fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=1212F083B836ABB8&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=AA98CDC33 http://docs.newsbank.com/ Retrieved on 2008-07-29. openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ [18] Spielman, Fran and Art Golab iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CTRB&rft_val_format= (2008-05-16). "13-2 vote for museum fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=103E954310A1AB15&svc_d Decision on Grant Park sets up Council Retrieved on 2008-06-06. battle". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. [27] "The List". Chicago Magazine. http://docs.newsbank.com/ http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicagoopenurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ Magazine/September-2007/Ten-Moderniw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CSTB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/ Masterpieces/The-List/ fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=120B5E8D060726E0&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=AA98CDC33 index.php?cp=3&si=2. Retrieved on Retrieved on 2008-07-29. 2007-09-20. [19] Grinnell, Max (2005). "Grant Park". The [28] ^ Carlson, Prescott. "Jay Pritzker Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Pavilion". About, Inc.. Chicago Historical Society. http://gochicago.about.com/od/ http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/ attractionsandlandmarks/ss/ pages/538.html. Retrieved on millennium_park_3.htm. Retrieved on 2008-07-28. 2007-09-20. [20] Gilfoyle, p. 181 [29] ^ "Millennium Park Music Pavilion and [21] "In a fight over Grant Park, Chicago’s Great Lawn". guggenheim.org. mayor faces a small revolt". The http://www.guggenheim.org/exhibitions/ Economist. The Economist Newspaper past_exhibitions/gehry/ Limited. 2007-10-04. millenium_30.html. Retrieved on http://www.economist.com/world/ 2007-09-20. unitedstates/ 8 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jay Pritzker Pavilion [30] Pesci, Renato. "A people’s park of fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=1092F6D3A6BE4DF5&svc_ international importance in downtown Retrieved on 2008-05-18. Chicago". citymayors.com. [39] von Rhein, John (2005-08-21). "Can http://www.citymayors.com/environment/ Ravinia compete with Millennium Park?". millennium_park.html. Retrieved on Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. 2007-09-20. http://docs.newsbank.com/ [31] Becker, Lynn. "Frank Gehry, Millennium openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ Park and the development of the Technoiw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CTRB&rft_val_format= Baroque". Repeat. Lynn Becker. fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10C21616DDEB12A8&svc_ http://www.lynnbecker.com/repeat/ Retrieved on 2008-05-18. Gehry/gehrybaroque.htm. Retrieved on [40] Frommer’s Irreverent Guide to Chicago 2007-09-21. (sixth edition), 2007, p. 123, Wiley [32] Bernstein, Fred A. (2004-07-18). "ART/ Publishing, Hoboken, NJ, ISBN ARCHITECTURE; Big Shoulders, Big 0-470-04079-3. Donors, Big Art". The New York Times. [41] "Best Free Things to Do". Frommer’s. The New York Times Company. Wiley Publishing, Inc.. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/ http://www.frommers.com/destinations/ fullpage.html?res=9901E2D61F3BF93BA25754C0A9629C8B63. chicago/0006020765.html. Retrieved on Retrieved on 2008-06-01. 2008-07-07. [33] Martin, Andrew and Laurie Cohen [42] Cox, Ted. "Wilco just perfect at (2001-08-05). "Millennium Park Millennium Park concert". Daily Herald flounders as deadlines, budget blown Inc.. http://www.dailyherald.com/story/ Poor plans, constant changes slow ?id=37198. Retrieved on 2007-09-21. progress, drive up price-- and city [43] "Poland for Chicago". City of Chicago. taxpayers may have to help make up http://www.millenniumpark.org/ difference". Chicago Tribune. newsbank. parkevents/ http://docs.newsbank.com/ eventpopup.aspx?eventId=586. openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ Retrieved on 2007-09-21. iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CTRB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/ [44] Kot, Greg. "Death Cab rolls on". Chicago fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0EDB47DD36D61F4A&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=AA98CDC3 Tribune. http://www.chicagotribune.com/ Retrieved on 2008-07-28. features/lifestyle/chi-death-cab[34] Gilfoyle, p. 168. ovn-0605jun05,0,1900729.story. [35] "1993 TEC Awards". mixfoundation.org. Retrieved on 2008-06-09. http://www.mixfoundation.org/tec/ [45] "Calendar of Millennium Park Free 1993.html. Programs: Jazz". City of Chicago. [36] ^ "Jay Pritzker Pavilion, Millennium http://www.millenniumpark.org/ Park" (PDF). london.gov.uk. Talaske. parkevents/jazz.aspx. Retrieved on http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/ 2007-09-21. strategies/noise/docs/urbandes/ [46] "Calendar of Millennium Park Free 16pritzkerpavillion.pdf. Retrieved on Programs: Fitness". City of Chicago. 2007-09-21. http://www.millenniumpark.org/ [37] Nance, Kevin and Wynne Delacoma parkevents/fitness.aspx. Retrieved on (2004-07-18). "THE NEW 2007-09-21. MILLENNIUM". Chicago Sun-Times. [47] "Arctic Symphony". City of Chicago. Newsbank. http://docs.newsbank.com/ http://www.millenniumpark.org/ openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ parkevents/ iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CSTB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/ eventpopup.aspx?eventId=517. fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10402B13C82F136D&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=AA98CDC33 Retrieved on 2007-09-21. Retrieved on 2008-08-06. [48] Queiroga, Rodrigo M. "Brazilian [38] von Rhein, John (2005-03-31). "Grant architect wins the 2006 Pritzker Prize". Park takes bold steps - 2005 season to citymayors.com. put Pritzker to the test". Chicago http://www.citymayors.com/environment/ Tribune. Newsbank. pritzker2006.html. Retrieved on http://docs.newsbank.com/ 2007-09-22. openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ Wasielewski, Carl (2005-09-09). "A bad [49] iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CTRB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/ deal all around". Chicago Sun-Times. 9 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jay Pritzker Pavilion Newsbank. http://docs.newsbank.com/ [57] Herrmann, Andrew (2008-08-30). "Oprah openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ tickets available for show featuring iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CSTB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/ Chicago Sun-Times. Digital Olympians". fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=116266DCE2E9D5F0&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=AA98CDC3 Chicago, Inc.. http://www.suntimes.com/ Retrieved on 2008-05-18. sports/olympics/1136773,CST-NWS[50] Orloff, Brian (2005-09-02). "Amos oprah30.article. Retrieved on creates musical magic as Pritzker’s first 2008-09-01. rock act". Chicago Sun-Times. [58] Johnson, Drew (2008-08-28). "14-Time Newsbank. http://docs.newsbank.com/ Olympic Gold Medalist Michael Phelps openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ Coming To Chicago: Phelps’ Continued iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CSTB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/ Support Brings International Star Power fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10CF366622FB2B70&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=AA98CDC33 to Chicago 2016 Bid". Chicago 2016. Retrieved on 2008-05-18. http://www.chicago2016.org/News/ [51] ^ Elder, Robert K. (2005-09-02). "Church Pages/ of Tori holds a revival in heart of city". 14-TimeOlympicGoldMedalistMichaelPhelpsComingt Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved on 2008-09-01. http://docs.newsbank.com/ [59] "Oprah Tickets Available For Show openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ Featuring Olympians". MSNBC.com. iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CTRB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/ Microsoft. 2008-08-30. fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10C60A7D8F809508&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=AA98CDC33 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/ Retrieved on 2008-05-18. 26471209/. Retrieved on 2008-09-01. [52] Roeper, Richard (2005-09-21). "Bottled [60] "Private Rentals: Photo Galleries: Jay water hardly worth all the fuss we make Pritzker Pavilion". City of Chicago. of it". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. http://www.millenniumpark.org/ http://docs.newsbank.com/ privaterentals/pritzker/. Retrieved on openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ 2008-06-13. iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CSTB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/ [61] "Private Rentals: Photo Galleries: Choral fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10D5CE1E91AA8D70&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=AA98CDC3 Rehearsal Room". City of Chicago. Retrieved on 2008-05-18. http://www.millenniumpark.org/ [53] "Frequently Asked Questions". City of privaterentals/choral/. Retrieved on Chicago. http://egov.cityofchicago.org/ 2008-06-13. city/webportal/ [62] Tiebert, Laura, Frommer’s Chicago with portalCategoryTreeAction.do?deptMainCategoryOID=-536887892&categoryPath=%2fCity+Agencies Kids (3rd edition), 2007, Wiley Retrieved on 2008-06-08. Publishing, Inc., ISBN [54] Herrmann, Andrew and Fran Spielman 978-0470-12481-9, p.263. (2003-10-30). "’Pritzker’ shell angers [63] "Grant Park Music Festival". City of Petrillo kin - Granddaughter may fight Chicago. http://www.millenniumpark.org/ naming, OKd after $15 mil. gift". Chicago parkevents/gpmf.aspx. Retrieved on Sun-Times. http://docs.newsbank.com/ 2007-09-20. openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/ "Grant Park Music Festival 2007". [64] iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:&rft_val_format=info:ofi/ grantparkmusicfestival.com. fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0FEA4948D70BB60A&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=AA98CDC3 http://www.grantparkmusicfestival.com/ Retrieved on 2008-06-06. schedule.shtml. Retrieved on [55] "Datebook: Chicago, San Francisco and 2007-09-20. Singapore". The New York Times. The [65] "The Decemberists To Make Millennium New York Times Company. 2008-07-27. Park Debut With The Grant Park http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/27/ Orchestra, Wednesday Evening, July 18". travel/27DATEBOOK.html?. Retrieved on grantparkmusicfestival.com. 2008-07-30. http://www.grantparkmusicfestival.com/ [56] Weitzman, Hal (2007-11-13). "Arctic: newsApril19_2007.shtml. Retrieved on Soundscape". The Financial Times. The 2008-06-09. Financial Times Ltd. http://www.ft.com/ [66] "ReViewed: The Decemberists with the cms/s/0/ Grant Park Orchestra". Chicagoist. 7b21456e-920d-11dc-8981-0000779fd2ac.html. 2007-07-19. http://chicagoist.com/2007/ Retrieved on 2008-07-31. 07/19/the_decemberist.php. Retrieved on 2008-06-09. 10 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jay Pritzker Pavilion [67] "Millennium Park". Fodor’s Travel. [73] Howlett, Debbie (2004-07-15). "A band http://www.fodors.com/world/northshell on steroids". USA Today. america/usa/illinois/chicago/ http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/ review-111571.html. Retrieved on access/ 2008-07-30. 664722041.html?dids=664722041:664722041&FMT [68] Roston, Eric (2004-10-11). "Windy City Retrieved on 2008-07-31. Redux". Time. Time Inc.. [74] Daniel, Caroline and Jeremy Grant http://www.time.com/time/magazine/ (2005-09-10). "Classical city soars above article/0,9171,995369,00.html. Retrieved Capone clichés". The Financial Times. on 2008-07-30. The Financial Times Ltd. [69] Raver, Anne (2004-07-15). "NATURE; http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ Softening a City With Grit and Grass". 63ad44b2-2196-11daThe New York Times. The New York a603-00000e2511c8.html. Retrieved on Times Company. 2008-07-31. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/ [75] Daniel, Caroline (2004-07-20). "How a fullpage.html?res=9F01EED7163AF936A25754C0A9629C8B63. Chicago fresh pride". steel bean gave Retrieved on 2008-07-30. The Financial Times. The Financial [70] "Millennium Park". Lonely Planet Times Ltd. http://search.ft.com/ Publications. ftArticle?queryText=%22Cloud%20Gate%22%20Chic http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/ Retrieved on 2008-07-31. usa/chicago/sights/ 1000317530?list=true. Retrieved on 2008-07-30. • Millennium Park map [71] Lacayo, Richard (2004). "Best & Worst • City of Chicago Loop Community Map 2004: The Best Architecture". Time. Time Inc.. http://www.time.com/time/ bestandworst/2004/arch.html. Retrieved on 2008-07-31. [72] Howlett, Debbie (2004-07-15). "Donors’ cash turns city green ; Private contributions make Millennium Park a reality in Chicago". USA Today. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/ access/ 664721801.html?dids=664721801:664721801&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jul+15%2C+2004 Coordinates: 41°52′58.83″N 87°37′18.67″W / Retrieved on 2008-07-31. 41.8830083°N 87.6218528°W / 41.8830083; -87.6218528 External links Position in Chicago’s skyline Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Pritzker_Pavilion" Categories: 2004 architecture, Buildings and structures celebrating the third millennium, Music venues in Chicago, Illinois, Pritzker family This page was last modified on 3 May 2009, at 17:54 (UTC). All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) taxdeductible nonprofit charity. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers 11