Region II Job Corps Check Your Grammar!
professor and are studying glaciers and
colleagues
avalanches
Susan K. Pittman Bonnie Vondracek
Objectives
1. To identify the eight basic parts of speech and provide examples 2. To apply strategies in the classroom dealing with the eight parts of speech 3. To develop correct sentence structure with your students
Check Your Grammar!
Eight Parts of Speech
Nouns Interjections
Adjectives
Conjunctions
Word that names
• A Person • A Place • A Thing
• An Idea
Kinds of Nouns
Common Nouns
boy girl
Proper Nouns John Mary Plural Nouns boys girls Plural Possessive boys’ girls’
Singular Nouns
boy girl
Singular Possessive boy’s girl’s
A word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a statement
“be” verbs taste feel sound look appear become seem grow remain stay
Action
Kinds of Verbs
• Action verbs express mental or physical action.
He rode the horse to victory.
• Linking verbs make a statement by connecting the subject with a word that describes or explains it.
He has been sick.
You can’t have a sentence without a verb, but you can have a sentence without a noun!
.
The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.
Indefinite Pronouns anybody each either none someone, one, etc.
Parts of Speech: Pronouns
• A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. Almost anything a noun can do, a pronoun can do, too. Pronouns are handy little words because when you use them, you don’t have to keep repeating nouns all the time. • Possessive pronouns take place of possessive nouns (nouns that show ownership). Examples: my, your, its, our, hers, theirs.
• Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. – Did you lose your address book? – Is that a wool sweater? – Just give me five minutes. • Answers these questions: – Which? – What kind? – How many?
• Modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. • Answers the questions: – How? (He ran quickly.) – When? (She left yesterday.) – Where? (We went there.) – To what degree or how much? (It was too hot.)
Interrogative adverbs introduce questions – how, when, where, how often. How did you break your leg? When is the plane leaving?
A Walk with Goldie
Build a Sentence
• • • • • Goldilocks is walking. Goldilocks is walking quickly. Goldilocks is walking quickly today. Goldilocks is walking quickly everywhere today . Goldilocks is walking very quickly everywhere today.
A preposition introduces a noun, pronoun, phrase, or clause functioning in the sentence as a noun. The word or word group that the preposition introduces is its object.
They received a postcard from Bobby telling
about his trip to Canada.
Four Important Things About Prepositions
A prepositions tells:
1. 2. 3. 4. Where something is (location) Where something is going (direction) When something happens (time) The relationship between a noun or a pronoun and another word in a sentence
Some Common Prepositions
aboard about above across after against along among around behind below beneath beside between beyond by Down during from in into like of off on over past throughout to toward under underneath until up upon with
at
before
except
for
since
through
within
without
Remember, the preposition never stands alone!
Back to Goldie
• • • • • Goldilocks is walking. Goldilocks is walking quickly. Goldilocks is walking quickly today. Goldilocks is walking quickly everywhere today Goldilocks is walking very quickly everywhere today. • Goldilocks is walking very quickly everywhere today in the woods.
A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words.
or
but
Goldie Continues
• • • • Goldilocks is walking. Goldilocks is walking quickly. Goldilocks is walking quickly today. Goldilocks is walking quickly everywhere today • Goldilocks is walking very quickly everywhere today. • Goldilocks is walking very quickly everywhere today in the woods. • Goldilocks is walking very quickly everywhere today in the woods, but it is getting dark.
• An interjection is an exclamatory word that expresses feelings or emotions such as excitement, happiness, horror, shock, sadness, pain, anger, and disgust. They add punch or energy to one’s writing, but don’t use them too much. When you overdo interjections, they lose their power.
Wow! Look at that sunset!
Goodness! She is such a beautiful baby.
Goldie Revived
• • • • • • Goldilocks is walking. Goldilocks is walking quickly. Goldilocks is walking quickly today. Goldilocks is walking quickly everywhere today Goldilocks is walking very quickly everywhere today. Goldilocks is walking very quickly everywhere today in the woods. • Goldilocks is walking very quickly everywhere today in the woods, but it is getting dark. • Goldilocks is walking very quietly everywhere today in the woods, but it is getting dark. Yikes!
Check Your Grammar!
Parts of Speech Activity
Types of Sentences
• Declarative Sentences (statements) – There will be a grammar test next class. • Interrogative Sentence (questions) – Are you ready for the grammar test? • Imperative Sentence (requests and commands) – Don’t forget to review your notes and course pack. • Exclamatory Sentence (exclamations) – Study!
KABOOM!
Why Do I Need to Know That?
Sentence Patterns An Introduction to Effective Sentence Writing
The Five Basic Patterns
S+V
S + V + SC
S + V + DO
S + V + IO + DO
S + V + DO + OC
The Five Basic Patterns
S + V – The simplest of the sentence patterns has a subject and verb without a direct object or subject compliment. Prepositional phrases can be included.
Examples: I swim. Joe swims. They swam. The development of wind power practically ceased until the early 1970s.
The Five Basic Patterns
S + V + SC – This pattern generally uses the linking verb - any form of the to be verb without an action verb. Examples:
I am busy. Joe became a doctor. They look sick
The chain reaction is the basis of nuclear power.
The Five Basic Patterns
S + V + DO – Another common sentence pattern uses the direct object.
Examples:
I drive a car. Joe plays a guitar. They ate dinner.
Silicon conducts electricity in an unusual way.
The Five Basic Patterns
S + V + IO + DO – This pattern is similar to the previous one, but there is a person or thing that receives the action. Examples:
I gave her a gift. He teaches us English. We are sending you the balance of the payment in this letter.
The Five Basic Patterns
S + V + DO + OC – This pattern is not as common, but is worth knowing as it provides variety through the use of a “to be” complement
Examples: We elected him president. [We elected him (to be) president.] The committee declared the new design a breakthrough in energy efficiency.
The Five Basic Patterns
You Try It!
Check Your Grammar!
Sentence Expansion – Another way of teaching sentence writing. Example: Expand “There’s a frog on the log” by adding modifiers (Use the 5 Ws plus one – who, what, when, where, why, and how to create a more effective sentence.) • Sentence: There’s a frog on a log. (Who) • What kind? Small, green • How? Sitting • Where? in the middle of the bog • Why? Due to the heavy, heavy fog Expanded sentence becomes: There’s a small, green frog who is sitting on a log in the middle of the bog due to the heavy, heavy fog.
Nature One Liners A Sentence Writing Activity
• Select a Sentence Pattern and write a sentence describing the following pictures. • We will view the photographs again and select a couple of one liners to represent each photograph.
Check Your Grammar!
The 19 Rules for Good Riting
• • • •
• • • • • • •
Each pronoun agrees with their antecedent. Just between you and I, case is important. Verbs has to agree with their subject. Watch out for irregular verbs which has cropped up into our language. Don't use no double negatives. A writer mustn't shift your point of view. When dangling, don't use participles. Join clauses good like a conjunction should. And don't use conjunctions to start sentences. Don't use a run-on sentence you got to punctuate it. About sentence fragments.
The 19 Rules for Good Riting
• In letters themes reports articles and stuff like that we use commas to keep strings apart. • Don't use commas, which aren't necessary. • Its important to use apostrophe's right. • Don't abbrev. • Check to see if you any words out. • In my opinion I think that the author when he is writing should not get into the habit of making use of too many unnecessary words which he does not really need. • Then, of course, there's that old one: Never use a preposition to end a sentence with. • Last but not least, avoid cliches like the plague.
Presented by
• E-Learning Connections, Inc.
• Susan K. Pittman • skptvs@aol.com
• Bonnie Vondracek • bv73008@aol.com