A New Government

USI.7 A NEW GOVERNMENT USI.7A identify the weaknesses of the government established by the Articles of Confederation. USI.7B identify the basic principles of the new government established by the Constitution of the United States of America and the Bill of Rights. USI.7C identify the conflicts that resulted in the emergence of two political parties. USI.7D describe the major accomplishments of the first five presidents of the United States. A NEW GOVERNMENT USI.7A-D “From many (states), One (nation)” - Latin America (2) FEDERAL SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT The powers of the government are divided between national government and the state governments (50) (Division of Power) The Constitution is the basis for the United States Government. It is the supreme law of the land. CONSTITUTION OF U.S. James Madison called “Father of the Constitution • PREAMBLE – introduction “We the people…” • ARTICLES – – – – – – Article I = Legislative Branch Article II= Executive Branch Article III= Judicial Branch Article IV= “Full faith and Credit” (states) Article V= How to Amend Constitution Articles VI & VII= debts and ratification The Thunderer: Sousa (2) • AMENDMENTS (27 as of 2005) – First 10 are the Bill of Rights STRUCTURE OF THE U.S. GOVERNMENT LEGISLATIVE EXECUTIVE Makes the laws Enforces the laws President, Vice President, & Cabinet Meets in White House JUDICIAL Decides if laws are Constitutional Supreme Court & Other courts Congress of 2 houses: Senate & House of Representatives Meets in Capitol Meets in Supreme Court Building LEGISLATIVE BRANCH (CONGRESS) • Senate – Equal Representation (2 votes per state: 100 now) – Term: 6 years – Qualifications: 30 years old, resident of state, U.S. citizen for 9 years – Head: Vice President of U.S or President Pro Tempore • House of Representatives – Representation is based on population (435 now) – Term: 2 years – Qualifications: 25 years old, resident of state, U.S. citizen for 7 years – Head: Speaker of the House “There’s a Good Time Coming”: Stephen Foster (1) EXECUTIVE BRANCH President, V. President • Term: 4 years • Qualifications: 35 years old, 14 year resident of the U.S., and natural born U.S. Citizen • Elected by Electoral College System – Popular vote picks electors – Electoral Vote picks President & V. Pres. – #Electors = #senators + #representatives “Hail to the Chief” – President (1) JUDICIAL BRANCH • SUPREME COURT (9 JUSTICES) – Chief Justice is head of court – Qualifications: none – Term: life or upon good behavior – Appointed by the President and approved by the Senate – Determines if laws are constitutional “Ghost Busters” (1) CHECKS White House AND Capitol Building EXECUTIVE BRANCH 1. 2. 3. BALANCES JUDICIAL BRANCH 1. Court rules on all laws 1. 2. 3. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH Senate approves appointments Congress makes laws Congress overrides vetoes President appoints Supreme Court President vetoes bills President proposes laws “God Bless the USA” (1) Supreme Court Building 4. Congress impeaches 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. BILL OF RIGHTS (FIRST 10 AMENDMENTS) Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, & petition. Keep and bear arms. No quartering of soldiers in homes. Unreasonable search & seizure; warrants. Do not have to testify in a trial. Speedy trial; confront witnesses. Trial by jury. “Fanfare for the Common Man” (1) No cruel and unusual punishments. Other rights guaranteed. Powers reserved to the states & people. • ALEXANDER HAMILTON – Federalists – Strong National Government – Limits on states’ powers – For National Bank – Favored development of industry on a national scale MAJOR PARTY DIFFERENCES • THOMAS JEFFERSON – DemocraticRepublicans – Weak National Government – Supported states’ powers – Opposed National Bank – Favored small business and farmers “Redneck Girl” (1) GEORGE WASHINGTON 1. Federal court system established 2. Political Parties began (Hamilton/Jefferson) 3. Bill of Rights added to Constitution 4. Plans for new capital begun “Washington Post March: Sousa (1) JOHN ADAMS 1. Two-party system emerged a. Federalists (Strong national gov’t.) b. Democratic-Republicans (Strong state gov’t.) “I Will Follow Him” (1) THOMAS JEFFERSON 1. Bought Louisiana from France (LA Purchase) 2. Lewis & Clark explore it “I’d Like to Teach the World to Sing” (1) JAMES MADISON 1. War of 1812 caused European nations to gain respect for the United States U.S.S. Constitution Map of Battles “Battle of New Orleans” (1) Old Ironsides “Star Spangled Banner” – Francis Scott Key JAMES MONROE 1. Issued the Monroe Doctrine warning European nations not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere. “The Beat Goes On” (1)