USII.5 1920s & 1930s
USII.5A explain how developments in transportation (including the use of the automobile), communication, and electrification changed American life.
USII.5B describe the social changes that took place, including Prohibition, and the Great Migration north.
USII.5C examine art, literature, and music from the 1920s and 1930s, emphasizing Langston Hughes, Duke Ellington, and Georgia O’Keefe and including the Harlem Renaissance.
USII.5D identify the causes of the Great Depression, its impact on Americans, and the major features of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal.
1920s & 1930s
USII.5A-D
“Gone With the Wind” (1)
USII.5B
1920s
• Prohibition was imposed by a constitutional amendment; illegal to make, transport, or sell alcoholic beverages. • Results of Prohibition
– Speakeasies (places to drink) – Bootleggers smuggled booze (moonshine) – Organized Crime (Mafia or Cosa Nostra)
• Great Migration North (of Blacks)
– – – – Jobs scarce in South Discrimination and violence Better employment Discrimination and violence in North also
Five Foot Two Button up Your Overcoat Charleston
USII.5C
1920’s CULTURE
• ART: Georgia O’Keefe (paintings of SW); *Jacob Lawrence (painted Great Migration North) • LITERATURE: F. Scott Fitzgerald (wrote about Jazz Age), John Steinbeck (wrote about poor migrant workers of 1930s, *Langston Hughes (Africa and America) • MUSIC: Aaron Copland & George Gershwin (wrote American music); *Duke Ellington and *Louis Armstrong (jazz composers); *Bessie Smith (blues singer) • BLACK MOVEMENT IN ART & MUSIC – HARLEM RENAISSANCE *
1920s SNAPS
Ford Ty Cobb Mahjongg Chaplin
Charleston
Keaton
KKK
Felix Ruth Pickford Capone Sacco & Vanzetti Houdini Ellington
I WANNA BE LOVED BY YOU
USII.5D
• Over speculating on stocks (using borrowed money to invest) • Federal Reserve failed to prevent the collapse of the banking system • High tariffs strangled international trade
CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION
IMPACT ON AMERICANS
• Banks and businesses failed
• ¼ of all workers were out of jobs • Many people were homeless and hungry • Farmers’ incomes fell to low levels
USII.5D
THE NEW DEAL
• Social Security • Federal work programs • Environmental improvements programs • Farm assistance programs • Increased rights for labor