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UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
UN Inter-Agency Workshop on Capacity
Building/Development
Geneva, 20-22 November 2002
UNIDO’S ACTIVITIES RELATED TO
CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE FIELD OF
MARKET ACCESS
Presented by Mr. Bernardo Calzadilla-Sarmiento
Senior Advisor - UNIDO Office at Geneva
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
UNIDO’S ACTIVITIES RELATED TO
CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE
FIELD OF MARKET ACCESS
• UNIDOs Integrated programme approach
• UNIDOs Market AccessConceptual framework: the 3 Cs
approach
• SPS related case Study: Lake Victoria Project
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
THE INTEGRATED PROGRAMME APPROACH
UNIDO INTEGRATED PROGRAMMES (IPs) aim at improving
industrial competitiveness and thereby contribute to poverty
reduction. To optimise the chances of achieving this, the focus
of integration is at the level of the UNIDO Service Modules
selected for the programme, as well as at the level of donor
mechanisms, national counterparts and other development
activities in the country or region.
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
Service Module Approach
Industrial Governance and statistics
Investment and technology promotion
Quality and productivity
Small business development
Agro-industries
Industrial energy and Kyoto Protocol
Montreal Protocol
Environmental Management
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
The 8 Service Modules …..grouped in “3Es”:
ECONOMY
“Competitive Economy” - or
Making Industry more Efficient
“Sound Environment” - or
Environmentally Friendly Industry SID
“Productive Employment” - or
Promoting Employment in Industry
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
COMPETITIVE SOUND PRODUCTIVE
Integrated ENVIRONMENT EMPLOYMENT
ECONOMY
Packages Making industry more
Environmentally Promoting
friendly industry employment in
of Services efficient industry
L
E
V Industrial Governance & Industrial Energy & Small Business
E
POLICY Statistics Kyoto Protocol Development
L
OF
I
Quality & Productivity
N
T
Environmental
E INSTITUTIONAL Management Agro-Industries
R Investment & Technology
V Promotion
E
N
T
I
O ENTERPRISE Montreal Protocol
N
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
UNIDO’S ACTIVITIES RELATED TO
CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE
FIELD OF MARKET ACCESS
• UNIDOs Integrated programme approach
• UNIDOs Market Access conceptual framework:
the 3 Cs approach
• SPS related case Study: Lake Victoria Project
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ARE
TAKING LIMITED ADVANTAGE OF
IMPROVED ACCESS CONDITIONS
BECAUSE:
They have serious shortfalls in capabilities
They face major non-tariff barriers to trade
They have to adapt to the multilateral trading system
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
CAPACITY SHORTFALLS
Supply unable to produce goods of
competitive quality and quantity.
Standards often incompatible with international standards.
Metrology no recognized laboratory capacities.
and testing
Trade little say in international trade agreements
Marketing
and export unable to identify and attract target consumers
promotion
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
NON-TARIFF BARRIERS AFFECTING MARKET ACCESS
Sanitary and
Registration, Phytosanitary measures
documentation and (SPS) Technical Barries to
customs issues Trade (TBT)
ITC
domestic certification UNIDO
requirements ITC product
licences International (systems) ITC
FAO development
Plant Protection
National Enquiry process
custom Convention ITC UNIDO National Enquiry
Point inspection ITC
clearance
UNCTAD standards Point
(IPPC) packaging UNIDO
ITC IEC
WHO health and labelling ISO
international
UNCTAD
- custom ITC
OIML
standards
WTO ITU
valuation
w arehousing standards from tests and UNIDO measurement
Intl. Office of FAO UNIDO
Epizootics (IOE) WHO Codex Alimentarius calibration BIPM standards
prohibitiions standards Commission (CAC) UNIDO storage
environmental UNIDO
domestic systems UNEP
UNIDO accreditation of
taxation of TBT related IAF conformity
quotas, biosafety local UNIDO
goods issues ILAC
assessment
prices standards (GMO) content ISO
ITC
schemes Market
Access
Facilitation
enterprises' UNIDO
DFI IMF services
competitiveness ITC WTO agreement for
registry IMO regulations UNIDO ITC
trade
procedures ICAO airport
ICAO
services WB
banking
trade products and market
ITC
foreign negotiations UNCTAD development
taxes exchange subisidies techniques
measures WTO
trade
disputes
harbour
IMO
services foreign trade WTO
profit agreements UNCTAD dumping
inspection investment WTO
repatriation practices
taxes
limits
WIPO
intellectual
property
Transportation Investment and International rules
and transit financial related for trade
matters
Graphic 1 - Means-End diagram for market access facilitation UNIDO - 22/Apr/02
NON – TARIFF BARRIERS AFFECTING MARKET ACCESS
MARKET ACCESS FACILITATION
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
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Pre-conditions for Market Access –
The Main Problem Areas
“Countries must have
marketable products to sell”
“Products must
meet market/client requirements”
“Rules for trade, customs
must be harmonized”
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
P Products to Market
R M
O A
Develop
D Competitive
Prove Conformity
Connect to
R
with Market K
Manufacturing the Market
U Capability
Requirements
C E
T T
S S
Compete Conform Connect
….by upgrading supply capacities and
standards infrastructures
A CONCERTED INTER-AGENCY STRATEGY FACILITATES MARKET ACCESS
Compete Conform Connect
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
UNIDO’S ACTIVITIES RELATED TO
CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE
FIELD OF MARKET ACCESS
• UNIDOs Integrated programme approach
• UNIDOs Market AccessConceptual framework: the 3 Cs
approach
• Capacity Building: Lake Victoria Project
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
Case of Victorian Lake
Fish industry
Situation Before
• Major fish industry (Nile perch) developed around Lake Victoria,
shared by Tanzania 51%, Uganda 43% and Kenya 6%
• Revenues from exports exceeded USD 200 million/year
• Employment for almost 500.000 people
• Favorable ground for local suppliers and complementary industries.
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
Case of Victorian Lake
Fish industry
Effect of Lake Fish Poisoning
• EU export ban imposed in 1999
• Fish exports dropped by 50% in Tanzania and Uganda
• 30% of workers lost their jobs
• Most of the fish factories closed or worked far below capacity
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
Case of Victorian Lake
Fish industry
Challenge – Project Objectives
• Identify immediate and structural deficiencies
• Establish solid foundation for fish safety system
• Lift the ban imposed by EU
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
THE CHALLENGES – LAKE VICTORIA
Appropriate strategy for risk
analysis, management and
communication
Appropriate food control GOVERNMENT (GENERAL) LEVEL
legislation (FAO)
Coordination and monitoring
mechanisms involving all the INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK LEVEL
stakeholders
ENTERPRISE LEVEL (OPERATORS)
CONSUMER LEVEL (MARKET)
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
THE CHALLENGES – LAKE VICTORIA
Inspection (regulations
enforcement, system auditing
and product certification, GOVERNMENT (GENERAL) LEVEL
hazard identification and
analysis)
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK LEVEL
Support services: Testing
analyses (GLP-accredit.
ISO17025), standardization, ENTERPRISE LEVEL (OPERATORS)
metrology, training and
certification bodies; etc.
CONSUMER LEVEL (MARKET)
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
THE CHALLENGES – LAKE VICTORIA
GOVERNMENT (GENERAL) LEVEL
Strengthening individual and
collective awareness and skills
of personal INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK LEVEL
Implementing GHP and HACCP
based programs with ENTERPRISE LEVEL (OPERATORS)
benchmarking mechanisms
Implementing quality CONSUMER LEVEL (MARKET)
management systems
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
THE CHALLENGES – LAKE VICTORIA
GOVERNMENT (GENERAL) LEVEL
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK LEVEL
Collective awareness through
the media ENTERPRISE LEVEL (OPERATORS)
Education focusing on young
generation through school CONSUMER LEVEL (MARKET)
programs
Strengthening capacity of
consumers organizations
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
Case of Victorian Lake
Fish industry
Project Implementation
• Integrated corrective actions taken by UNIDO in partnership with
1. Uganda National Bureau of Standards
2. Tanzania Bureau of Standards
3. Federation of Kenya Employers
4. Lake Victoria Fishers Cooperative
5. UNDP, WHO, FAO, DFID
• 3 years, USD 4.6 million
• Sources of funds: Austria, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, UNDP,
UNIDO
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UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
Case of Victorian Lake
Fish industry
Results achieved
• Organizational and regulatory framework for fish industry improved, service
capacity for fish inspection strengthened
• Testing laboratories locally available and internationally recognized
• In-plant group training carried out in 17 factories for 950 staff and critical
mass of expertise provided to processing plants in GHP, HACCP, ISO 9000
• Quality control upgraded at all levels
• EU ban lifted by the end of 2000 and new market in US opened
UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPM ENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO
Case of Victorian Lake
Fish industry
Lessons learned
• Building up the competent authority and establishing QMS and
HACCP systems was essential for restarting fish exports.
• Strengthening simultanuoesly local support institutions such as
standardization bodies and testing houses, inspection and
certification bodies was decisive to regain the EU market and get
access to new markets.
A CONCERTED INTER-AGENCY STRATEGY INVOLVING ALL
STAKEHOLDERS WAS INDISPENSABLE TO ACHIEVE IMPACT
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