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Druzhba pipeline
Druzhba pipeline
Route
The pipeline begins from Almetyevsk in Tatarstan, southeastern Russia, where it collects oil from western Siberia, the Urals, and the Caspian Sea. It runs to Mozyr in southern Belarus, where it splits into a northern and southern branch. The northern branch crosses the remainder of Belarus across Poland to Schwedt in Germany.[2] It supplies refineries in Płock and in Schwedt. The northern branch is also connected by the PłockGdansk pipeline with the Naftoport terminal in Gdansk, which is used for oil re-exports.[4] In Schwedt the Druzhba pipeline is connected with the MVL pipeline to Rostock and Spergau. The southern branch runs south through Ukraine. In Brody the Druzhba pipeline is connected with the Odessa-Brody pipeline, which is currently used to ship oil from the Druzhba pipeline to the Black Sea. In Uzhgorod the pipeline splits into lines to Slovakia (Druzhba-1 - original Druzhba route) and to Hungary (Druzhba-2). The line trough Slovakia is divided once again near Bratislava: one branch leading in a northwest to Czech Republic and the other going southward to Hungary. The Druzhba-1 pipeline branches off toward Hungary at Ipeľ, crosses the Hungarian border at Dregelypalank and leads to Százhalombatta.[2] In Hungary, the Druzhba-1 pipeline supplies Duna refinery while Druzhba-2 supplies Duna and Tisza refineries.[5] The Mažeikių refinery in Lithuania and Ventspils oil terminal in Latvia are connected to the main pipeline by the branch pipeline from Unecha junction in Bryansk Oblast. This branch has ceased operation in 2006 and is not likely to become operational in any time soon. The part of Druzhba pipeline system, which runs via Belarus, is 2,910 kilometres (1,810 mi) long. The length of the pipeline in Ukraine is 1,490 kilometres (930 mi), in Poland in 670 kilometres (420 mi), in Hungary 130 kilometres (80 mi), in Lithuania 332 kilometres (206 mi), in Latvia 420 kilometres (261 mi), and in Slovakia and in the Czech
Druzhba pipeline The Druzhba pipeline (Russian: нефтепровод «Дружба»; also had been referred as the Friendship Pipeline and the Comecon Pipeline) is the world’s longest oil pipeline, it carries oil some 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) from southeast Russia to points in Ukraine, Hungary, Poland, and Germany.[1] The name "Druzhba" means "friendship", alluding to the fact that the pipeline was intended to supply oil to the energy-hungry western regions of the Soviet Union, to its "fraternal socialist allies" in the former Soviet bloc, and to western Europe. Today, it is the largest principal artery for the transportation of Russian (and Kazakh) oil across Europe.
History
On 18 December 1959, the 10th session of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon), held in Prague, adopted a decision and an agreement was signed on construction of a trunk crude oil pipeline from the USSR into Poland, Czechoslovakia, GDR and Hungary.[2] Each country was to supply all necessary construction materials, machinery and equipment. In 1962, first oil reached to Czechoslovakia, in September 1963 to Hungary, in November 1963 to Poland, and in December 1963 to GDR. The whole of the pipeline was put into operation in October 1964. The first oil pumped through the Druzhba pipeline originated from the oil fields in Tatarstan and Samara (Kuybyshev) Oblast. In 1970s the Druzhba pipeline system was further prolonged at the expense of parallel lines.[3]
1
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Republic together (250 mi).[2][6] around 400 kilometres
Druzhba pipeline
responsible for the design of the initial project phase, to reverse the phases of the Adria pipeline (which currently carries oil from the port inland) on the Sisak-Omišalj portion. The proposal was touted by the Croatian president Stipe Mesić but it has also garnered a lot of negative press due to complaints from the environmentalist groups such as Eko Kvarner. It is also proposed to connect Druzhba Adria with the planned Pan-European Pipeline.[9]
Technical features
The Druzhba pipeline currently has a capacity of 1.2 to 1.4 million barrels per day. Work is currently underway to increase this in the section between Belarus and Poland. The pipe diameter of the pipeline varies from 420 millimetres (17 in) to 1,020 millimetres (40 in).[3] It uses 20 pumping stations.
Operators
The Russian part of the pipeline is operated by the oil company Transneft through its subsidiary OAO MN Druzhba. In Belarus the operator is Gomeltransneft Druzhba, in Ukraina UkrTransNafta, in Poland PERN company, in Slovakia Transpetrol, in the Czech Republic Mero and in Hungary MOL.[7]
Schwechat–Bratislava Oil Pipeline
Schwechat–Bratislava two-way oil pipeline project was proposed in 2003. It would allow to supply the OMV owned Schwechat Refinery from the Druzhba pipeline.[7]
Baltic Pipeline System-2
The Baltic Pipeline System-2 (BPS-2) is a planned pipeline, which is proposed to run from the Unecha junction of the Druzhba pipeline near the Russia-Belarus border to the Primorsk oil terminal at the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland.[10][11] The throughput capacity of BPS-2 will be 50 to 75million tons annually. The project was proposed after the oil dispute between Russia and Belarus, and it was approved by the Russian government on 21 May 2007.[10][12]
Proposed extensions
Druzhba Wilhelmshaven Oil Pipeline
There have been proposals to extend northern branch of the Druzhba pipeline to the German North Sea port of Wilhelmshaven, which would reduce oil tanker traffic in the Baltic Sea and make it easier to transport Russian oil to the United States. In 2007, German Oil Trading Gmbh (GOT) proposed to build a connection from Unecha to Wilhelmshaven with a possible branch to Polish and German oil refineries. The proposed connection would be 1,800 kilometres (1,100 mi) long and would have capacity of 25 million tonnes of oil a year, which may be increased to 50 million tonnes. The expected cost of this project is US$2.5-billion and it may be operational already in 2010.[8]
See also
• Russia-Belarus energy dispute • Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline - the next longest oil pipeline after Druzhba
References
[1] "The List: The Five Top Global Choke Points". Foreign Policy. May 2006. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/ cms.php?story_id=3457. Retrieved on 2007-01-10. [2] ^ The Comecon Pipeline. Background Research. RFE/RL. 1960-09-06. http://www.osa.ceu.hu/files/holdings/300/ 8/3/text/122-1-92.shtml. Retrieved on 2008-01-02. [3] ^ A.M. Shammazov, B.N. Mastobajev, R.N. Bakhtizin (2001). "History. Truboprovodny transport Rossii (1946-91)". Truboprovodny transport
Druzhba Adria
The Druzhba-Adria Pipeline Integration Project is a proposal to extend the pipeline to pass through Hungary and Croatia to reach the Adriatic Sea at the deep-water port of Omišalj. In the first phase, the Croatian portion of the Adria pipeline will be reconstructed from the Sisak pumping station to Omišalj harbour. The Croatian company JANAF is
2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Druzhba pipeline
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
nefti (Oil Pipelines) (Transneft) (2). [8] "German Investors Propose Building http://www.transneft.ru/About/History/ Unecha-Wilhelmshaven Oil Pipeline". Default.asp?LANG=EN&ID=343. Interfax. 2007-06-29. Retrieved on 2007-12-29. [9] "Zagreb floats new pipe plan". Upstream "Belarus blocks Russian oil deliveries to Online. 2007-04-30. Germany, Poland and Ukraine". http://www.upstreamonline.com/ International Herald Tribune. incoming/article132430.ece. Retrieved 2007-01-08. http://www.iht.com/articles/ on 2008-05-31. 2007/01/08/business/web.0108oil.php. [10] ^ "PM Fradkov orders second leg of Retrieved on 2008-01-02. Baltic Pipeline System". RIA Novosti. (PDF) Energy Policies of IEA Countries 2007-05-21. http://en.rian.ru/russia/ Hungary. International Energy Agency. 20070521/65814951.html. Retrieved on 2003. p. 144. ISBN 92-64-17096-0. 2007-12-29. http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/ [11] Vladimir Socor (2007-05-24). "Russia to 2000/hungary2003.pdf. Retrieved on redirect massive oil volumes from 2008-01-03. Druzhba to Baltic pipeline". Eurasia Anatoly Dozhin (2002-12-05). "Druzhba Daily Monitor. never gets old". Rossijskaya Gazeta. http://www.jamestown.org/edm/ Archived from the original on article.php?article_id=2372185. 2007-10-16. http://web.archive.org/web/ Retrieved on 2007-12-29. 20071016094134re_/www.transneft.ru/ [12] Kostis Geropoulos (2007-05-26). "BPS-2 press/ to redirect oil volumes from Druzhba Default.asp?LANG=EN&ATYPE=9&PG=5&ID=767. pipeline". New Europe. Retrieved on 2007-12-29. http://www.neurope.eu/articles/ ^ "Issues surrounding the privatisation 74317.php. Retrieved on 2007-12-29. of the petrochemical industry in the V4 countries". Visegrad.info. 2003-10-01. http://www.visegrad.info/?q=sk/node/42. • Druzhba-Adria Pipeline Integration Retrieved on 2008-01-02. Project, Transneft website
External links
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druzhba_pipeline" Categories: Future pipelines, Oil pipelines, Energy in Russia, Energy in Ukraine, Energy in Belarus, Energy in Poland, Energy in Slovakia, Energy in the Czech Republic, Energy in Hungary, Energy in the Soviet Union, Pipelines in Germany, Buildings and structures built in the Soviet Union, Foreign relations of the Soviet Union, Buildings and structures in Russia, Transneft This page was last modified on 21 April 2009, at 18:35 (UTC). All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) taxdeductible nonprofit charity. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers
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