Autoimmune_diseases

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Autoimmune disease Autoimmune disease Autoimmune diseases Classification and external resources ICD-9 OMIM DiseasesDB MedlinePlus MeSH 279.4 109100 28805 000816 D001327 Autoimmune diseases arise from an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. In other words, the body really attacks its own cells. This may be restricted to certain organs (e.g. in thyroiditis) or involve a particular tissue in different places (e.g. Goodpasture’s disease which may affect the basement membrane in both the lung and the kidney). The treatment of autoimmune diseases is typically with immunosuppression—medication which decreases the immune response. body’s own proteins. In inflammatory diseases, it is the overreaction of the immune system, and its subsequent downstream signaling (TNF, IFN, etc), which causes problems. A substantial minority of the population suffers from these diseases, which are often chronic, debilitating, and life-threatening. There are more than eighty illnesses caused by autoimmunity. It has been estimated that autoimmune diseases are among the ten leading causes of death among women in all age groups up to 65 years.[30] Currently, a considerable amount of research is being conducted into treatment of these conditions. According to a report from Frost & Sullivan, the total alliance payouts in the autoimmune/inflammation segment from 1997 to 2002 totaled $489.8 million, where Eli Lilly, Suntory, Procter & Gamble, Encysive, and Novartis together account for 98.6 percent of alliance payouts.[31] Occurrence and onset Hormone levels have been shown to affect the severity of some autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.[1] Other causes may include the presence of fetal cells in the maternal bloodstream, i.e. microchimerism. [2] References [1] "A Gender Gap in Autoimmunity". http://www.sciencemag.org/feature/data/ 983519.shl. Retrieved on 2007-10-19. [2] "JAMA -- Abstract: Microchimerism: An Investigative Frontier in Autoimmunity and Transplantation, March 3, 2004, Adams and Nelson 291 (9): 1127". http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/ abstract/291/9/1127. Retrieved on 2007-10-19. [3] Parham, Peter (2005). The immune system. New York: Garland Science. pp. 344. ISBN 0-8153-4093-1. [4] ^ MeSH Autoimmune+Diseases [5] ^ "Autoimmune Disorders: Immune Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition". http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec16/ ch186/ch186a.html. [6] "Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease, Baylor College of Medicine". 1993. http://www.bcm.edu/oto/grand/ 4893.html. [7] "Celiac Disease". http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/ pubs/celiac/#1. Autoimmune diseases It is possible to classify autoimmune diseases by corresponding type of hypersensitivity: type II, type III, or type IV. (No type of autoimmune disease mimics type I hypersensitivity.)[3] Development of therapies In both autoimmune and inflammatory diseases the condition arises through aberrant reactions of the human adaptive or innate immune systems. In autoimmunity, the patient’s immune system is activated against the 1 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Name Accepted/ suspected Autoimmune disease Hypersensitivity Autoantibody Acute disseminated enceph- Accepted[4] alomyelitis (ADEM) Addison’s disease Alopecia areata Ankylosing spondylitis Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Autoimmune hepatitis Autoimmune inner ear disease Bullous pemphigoid Accepted[4] Accepted[4] Doubtful[4] Accepted[4] Accepted[5] Accepted[4] Suspected[6] Accepted[5] II Anti-Bullous Pemphigoid Antigen 1 and 2 (Hemidesmosome antigens) Anti-transglutaminase II Anti-Smooth Muscle Actin Coeliac disease Chagas disease Accepted[7][8][9] Suspected[10] IV?? Chronic obstructive pulmon- Suspected[11][12] ary disease Crohns Disease (one of two Accepted[4] types of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease "IBD") Dermatomyositis Diabetes mellitus type 1 Endometriosis Goodpasture’s syndrome Accepted[13] Accepted[4] Suspected[14] Accepted[4] II Anti-Basement Membrane Collagen Type IV Protein Anti-ganglioside IV IV Graves’ disease Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) Hashimoto’s disease Hidradenitis suppurativa Kawasaki disease IgA nephropathy Accepted[4] Accepted[4] Accepted[4] Suspected[15] Suspected Suspected II IV IV Idiopathic thrombocytopenic Accepted[4] purpura Interstitial cystitis Lupus erythematosus Mixed Connective Tissue Disease Suspected[16] Accepted[4] Accepted[4] II III 2 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Morphea Multiple sclerosis (MS) Myasthenia gravis Narcolepsy Neuromyotonia Pemphigus Vulgaris Pernicious anaemia Psoriasis Psoriatic Arthritis Polymyositis Primary biliary cirrhosis Rheumatoid arthritis Schizophrenia Scleroderma Sjögren’s syndrome Stiff person syndrome Temporal arteritis (also known as "giant cell arteritis") Ulcerative Colitis (one of two types of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease "IBD") Vasculitis Vitiligo Wegener’s granulomatosis Suspected[17] Accepted[4] Accepted[4] Accepted[18] Suspected[19] Accepted[4] Accepted[20] Suspected[21] Suspected[22] Accepted[13] Accepted[23] Accepted[4] Suspected[24][25][26] Suspected[17] Accepted[4] Suspected Accepted[4] IV III II II IV II Autoimmune disease Anti-Myelin Basic Protein Anti-Desmogein 3 Anti-p62, Anti-sp100, Anti-Mitochondrial(M2) Rheumatoid factor Anti-topoisomerase Accepted[4] IV Accepted[5] Suspected[27][28] Accepted[29] III Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic(cANCA) [8] Meize-Grochowski R (2005). "Celiac autoimmunity hypothesis of Chagas disease: a multisystem autoimmune disease". Trends Parasitol. 22 (3): 101–2; disorder". Gastroenterol Nurs 28 (5): author reply 103. doi:10.1016/ 394–402; quiz 403–4. doi:10.1097/ j.pt.2006.01.001. PMID 16446117. 00001610-200509000-00005. PMID [11] Agustí A, MacNee W, Donaldson K, Cosio 16234635. http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/ M. (2003). "Hypothesis: does COPD have pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/ an autoimmune component?". Thorax 58 media/ (10): 832–834. doi:10.1136/ landingpage.htm?issn=1042-895X&volume=28&issue=5&spage=394. 14514931. thorax.58.10.832. PMID [9] Sollid LM, Jabri B (December 2005). "Is [12] Lee SH, Goswami S, Grudo A, et al. celiac disease an autoimmune disorder?". (2007). "Antielastin autoimmunity in Curr. Opin. Immunol. 17 (6): 595–600. tobacco smoking-induced emphysema". doi:10.1016/j.coi.2005.09.015. PMID Nat. Med. 13 (5): 567–9. doi:10.1038/ 16214317. nm1583. PMID 17450149. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/ [13] ^ "Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: pii/S0952-7915(05)00158-5. Autoimmune Disorders of Connective [10] Hyland KV, Engman DM (2006). "Further Tissue: Merck Manual Home Edition". thoughts on where we stand on the 3 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec05/ ch068/ch068e.html. [14] Gleicher N, el-Roeiy A, Confino E, Friberg J (1987). "Is endometriosis an autoimmune disease?". Obstetrics and gynecology 70 (1): 115–22. PMID 3110710. [15] "Clinical Trial: Etanercept in Hidradenitis Suppurativa". http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/ NCT00329823. Retrieved on 2007-07-08. [16] Kárpáti F, Dénes L, Büttner K (1975). "[Interstitial cystitis=autoimmune cyatitis? Interstitial as a participating disease in lupus erythematosus]" (in German). Zeitschrift für Urologie und Nephrologie 68 (9): 633–9. PMID 1227191. [17] ^ Takehara K, Sato S (2005). "Localized scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder". Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 44 (3): 274–9. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ keh487. PMID 15561734. [18] Science Daily, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/ 2009/05/090503132613.htm [19] Maddison P (2006). "Neuromyotonia". Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology 117 (10): 2118–27. doi:10.1016/ j.clinph.2006.03.008. PMID 16843723. [20] "MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Pernicious anemia". http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ ency/article/000569.htm. Retrieved on 2008-04-05. [21] National Psoriasis Foundation, http://www.psoriasis.org/home/ learn01.php [22] National Psoriasis Foundation, http://www.psoriasis.org/home/ learn02.php [23] "Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: Fatty Liver, Cirrhosis, and Related Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition". http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec10/ ch136/ch136d.html. Retrieved on 2008-04-05. [24] Eaton WW, Byrne M, Ewald H, et al. (2006). "Association of schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases: linkage of Danish national registers". The American journal of psychiatry 163 (3): 521–8. Autoimmune disease doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.3.521. PMID 16513876. [25] Jones AL, Mowry BJ, Pender MP, Greer JM (2005). "Immune dysregulation and self-reactivity in schizophrenia: do some cases of schizophrenia have an autoimmune basis?". Immunol. Cell Biol. 83 (1): 9–17. doi:10.1111/ j.1440-1711.2005.01305.x. PMID 15661036. [26] Strous RD, Shoenfeld Y (2006). "Schizophrenia, autoimmunity and immune system dysregulation: a comprehensive model updated and revisited". J. Autoimmun. 27 (2): 71–80. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2006.07.006. PMID 16997531. [27] "Questions and Answers about Vitiligo". http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/topics/ vitiligo/vitiligo.htm. Retrieved on 2007-08-06. [28] "A New Gene Linked to Vitiligo and Susceptibility to Autoimmune Disorders Journal Watch Dermatology". http://dermatology.jwatch.org/cgi/ content/full/2007/330/1. Retrieved on 2007-08-06. [29] Sánchez-Cano D, Callejas-Rubio JL, Ortego-Centeno N (April 2008). "Effect of rituximab on refractory Wegener granulomatosis with predominant granulomatous disease". J Clin Rheumatol 14 (2): 92–3. doi:10.1097/ RHU.0b013e31816b4487. PMID 18391678. http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/ pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/ media/ landingpage.htm?an=00124743-200804000-00008. [30] Noel R. Rose and Ian R. MacKay, “The Autoimmune Diseases” fourth edition [31] Frost & Sullivan Report, “Antibody Technology Developments” September 2005 External links • Auto-immune disorders at the Open Directory Project • Links to pictures of Autoimmune Diseases (Hardin MD) at University of Iowa See also • Systemic autoimmune diseases 4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Autoimmune disease Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_disease" Categories: Immune system disorders, Autoimmune diseases This page was last modified on 14 May 2009, at 13:54 (UTC). 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